Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are highly dynamic systems which are very popular for content distribution in the Internet. A single peer remains in the system for an unpredictable amount of time, and the rate in which pe...Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are highly dynamic systems which are very popular for content distribution in the Internet. A single peer remains in the system for an unpredictable amount of time, and the rate in which peers enter and leave the system, i.e. the churn, is often high. A user that is obtaining content from a selected peer is frequently informed that particular peer is not available anymore, and is asked to select another peer, or will have another peer assigned, often without enough checks to confirm that the content provided by the new peer presents the same quality of the previous peer. In this work we present a strategy based on group communication for transparent and robust content access in P2P networks. Instead of accessing a single peer for obtaining the desired content, a user request is received and processed by a group of peers. This group of peers, called PCG (Peer Content Group) provides reliable content access in sense that even as members of the group crash or leave the system, users continue to receive the content if at least one group member remains fault-free. Each PCG member is capable of independently serving the request. A PCG is transparent to the user, as the group interface is identical to the interface provided by a single peer. A group member is elected to serve each request. A fault monitoring component allows the detection of member crashes. If the peer is serving request crashes, another group member is elected to continue providing the service. The PCG and a P2P file sharing applications were implemented in the JXTA platform. Evaluation results are presented showing the latency of group operations and system components.展开更多
Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of...Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of Culture, Beliefs, attitude and Peer Group Influence on the persistence Female Genital Mutilation practice in the State especially in the rural areas. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study that used Focused Group Discussion and In-depth interviews for data collection. Those willing and given consent were recruited into the group discussion according to age, marital status, educational level and their location in the state. In-depth interviews were used with the Stake Holders, Opinion Leaders, Traditional Rulers and the Clergy. Result: A total of 454 participants were recruited from the 13 local government areas of Ebonyi State but only 420 (92.5%) participated. The age ranges of participants were 25 to 35 years for single males and females while the married participants male and female were aged 35 to 70 years. One hundred single females (23.8%) and 94 single males (21.4%) participated while 97 (23.1%) married women and 95 (22.6%) married men participated. Out of the 26 health workers recruited only 22 (5.2%) participated. Four traditional rulers, 4 women leaders, 4 youth leaders and 2 clergy 12 (2.9%) in number had in-depth interviews. All the participants had knowledge of FGM and its practice. Rural health workers are getting more involved. ‘Female Genital Crushing’ is replacing actual cutting. The participants all agreed there is no benefit and the practice should stop. Conclusion: Female Genital Mutilation is secretly practiced and is getting replaced by “Female Genital Crushing” perpetrated by rural health workers as well as mothers, fathers, traditional birth attendants and the peer group playing a major role with low knowledge of the Law against Female genital mutilation.展开更多
Classroom interaction plays a critical role in language teaching and learning process.It involves both the teacher-students,and students-students.This article is intended to explore the vital significance of classroom...Classroom interaction plays a critical role in language teaching and learning process.It involves both the teacher-students,and students-students.This article is intended to explore the vital significance of classroom interaction in language learning process with the emphasis placed on the students' involvement in the classroom activities,furthermore,to discover whether the peers small-sized group work is a beneficial and irreplaceable form of classroom interaction.展开更多
The purpose of this Integrated Care Practice Change and Quality Improvement (ICPCQI) initiative was to evaluate the impact of wellness and relaxation and group psycho-education on health out-comes in an integrated car...The purpose of this Integrated Care Practice Change and Quality Improvement (ICPCQI) initiative was to evaluate the impact of wellness and relaxation and group psycho-education on health out-comes in an integrated care setting. Individuals diagnosed with mental illness and a co-occurring chronic medical condition participated in the ICPCQI initiatives which were run by peer support and wellness experts in an integrated care setting over the one-year project implementation period. Evaluation of outcome measures revealed an overall decline of 8.3% (p < 0.0001) and 7.3% (p < 0.0001) in the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. There was a 12.3% (p = 0.02) reduction on the average PHQ-9 scores. GAD-7 (p = 0.9) scores had a mean reduction of 1.5%. These preliminary results suggest that the evidence-based ICPCQI initiatives positively impact health outcomes among individuals with mental illness and chronic medical conditions.展开更多
Teacher correction, Peer correction and self-correction on student writing are three effective methods which have been advocated for the second language learners. Peer correction, which is widely used in student-centr...Teacher correction, Peer correction and self-correction on student writing are three effective methods which have been advocated for the second language learners. Peer correction, which is widely used in student-centred class, gives students opportunities to propose feedback to their classmates. The investigation on Peer correction can give educators instructions on the use of writing feedback activities as a means of enhancing learner’s writing ability. Through conducting a study on a practical writing class of peer correction, the educators can develop learners’autonomy by transferring learning responsibility from teachers to stu? Dents and develop learners’writing proficiency.展开更多
目的 探讨同伴支持小组模式干预对肝门部胆管癌手术患者术后自我管理效能、社会支持及心理复原力的影响。方法 选取2022年6月—2023年10月解放军总医院第一医学中心肝胆胰外科收治的126例行肝门部胆管癌手术患者为研究对象,按照随机数...目的 探讨同伴支持小组模式干预对肝门部胆管癌手术患者术后自我管理效能、社会支持及心理复原力的影响。方法 选取2022年6月—2023年10月解放军总医院第一医学中心肝胆胰外科收治的126例行肝门部胆管癌手术患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组63例。对照组进行常规护理,观察组实施同伴支持小组协同护理模式护理。记录患者手术相关指标;比较2组患者干预前及干预3个月后的自我管理效能[自我管理效能量表(Chinese Version of Strategies Used by People to Promote Health,C-SUPPH)]、社会支持[领悟社会支持量表(Perceived Social Support Scale,PSSS)]评分、心理复原力[心理复原力量表(Connor Davidson Resilience Scale,CD-RISC-10)]、健康生活方式[健康促进生活方式(Health Promoting Life style Prolife-Ⅱ,HPLP-Ⅱ)量表]和生活质量[癌症患者生活质量测定量表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire,EORTC QLQ-C30)]评分情况。结果 观察组肛门排气时间、卧床时间、住院时间均低于对照组(t=7.096、4.688、6.943,P均<0.001);干预后,患者在C-SUPPH、PSSS、CD-RISC-10、HPLP-Ⅱ和EORTCQLQ-C30评分均较干预前提升(t=4.636~31.805,P均<0.001),且观察组提升幅度均高于对照组(t=12.130~25.911,P均<0.001)。结论 在肝门部胆管癌手术患者应用同伴支持小组模式进行干预,可缩短患者康复进程,让患者感知到更多社会支持,增强患者自我管理效能及心理复原力,促进生活方式的转变,提高其生活质量。展开更多
文摘Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are highly dynamic systems which are very popular for content distribution in the Internet. A single peer remains in the system for an unpredictable amount of time, and the rate in which peers enter and leave the system, i.e. the churn, is often high. A user that is obtaining content from a selected peer is frequently informed that particular peer is not available anymore, and is asked to select another peer, or will have another peer assigned, often without enough checks to confirm that the content provided by the new peer presents the same quality of the previous peer. In this work we present a strategy based on group communication for transparent and robust content access in P2P networks. Instead of accessing a single peer for obtaining the desired content, a user request is received and processed by a group of peers. This group of peers, called PCG (Peer Content Group) provides reliable content access in sense that even as members of the group crash or leave the system, users continue to receive the content if at least one group member remains fault-free. Each PCG member is capable of independently serving the request. A PCG is transparent to the user, as the group interface is identical to the interface provided by a single peer. A group member is elected to serve each request. A fault monitoring component allows the detection of member crashes. If the peer is serving request crashes, another group member is elected to continue providing the service. The PCG and a P2P file sharing applications were implemented in the JXTA platform. Evaluation results are presented showing the latency of group operations and system components.
文摘Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of Culture, Beliefs, attitude and Peer Group Influence on the persistence Female Genital Mutilation practice in the State especially in the rural areas. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study that used Focused Group Discussion and In-depth interviews for data collection. Those willing and given consent were recruited into the group discussion according to age, marital status, educational level and their location in the state. In-depth interviews were used with the Stake Holders, Opinion Leaders, Traditional Rulers and the Clergy. Result: A total of 454 participants were recruited from the 13 local government areas of Ebonyi State but only 420 (92.5%) participated. The age ranges of participants were 25 to 35 years for single males and females while the married participants male and female were aged 35 to 70 years. One hundred single females (23.8%) and 94 single males (21.4%) participated while 97 (23.1%) married women and 95 (22.6%) married men participated. Out of the 26 health workers recruited only 22 (5.2%) participated. Four traditional rulers, 4 women leaders, 4 youth leaders and 2 clergy 12 (2.9%) in number had in-depth interviews. All the participants had knowledge of FGM and its practice. Rural health workers are getting more involved. ‘Female Genital Crushing’ is replacing actual cutting. The participants all agreed there is no benefit and the practice should stop. Conclusion: Female Genital Mutilation is secretly practiced and is getting replaced by “Female Genital Crushing” perpetrated by rural health workers as well as mothers, fathers, traditional birth attendants and the peer group playing a major role with low knowledge of the Law against Female genital mutilation.
文摘Classroom interaction plays a critical role in language teaching and learning process.It involves both the teacher-students,and students-students.This article is intended to explore the vital significance of classroom interaction in language learning process with the emphasis placed on the students' involvement in the classroom activities,furthermore,to discover whether the peers small-sized group work is a beneficial and irreplaceable form of classroom interaction.
文摘The purpose of this Integrated Care Practice Change and Quality Improvement (ICPCQI) initiative was to evaluate the impact of wellness and relaxation and group psycho-education on health out-comes in an integrated care setting. Individuals diagnosed with mental illness and a co-occurring chronic medical condition participated in the ICPCQI initiatives which were run by peer support and wellness experts in an integrated care setting over the one-year project implementation period. Evaluation of outcome measures revealed an overall decline of 8.3% (p < 0.0001) and 7.3% (p < 0.0001) in the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. There was a 12.3% (p = 0.02) reduction on the average PHQ-9 scores. GAD-7 (p = 0.9) scores had a mean reduction of 1.5%. These preliminary results suggest that the evidence-based ICPCQI initiatives positively impact health outcomes among individuals with mental illness and chronic medical conditions.
文摘Teacher correction, Peer correction and self-correction on student writing are three effective methods which have been advocated for the second language learners. Peer correction, which is widely used in student-centred class, gives students opportunities to propose feedback to their classmates. The investigation on Peer correction can give educators instructions on the use of writing feedback activities as a means of enhancing learner’s writing ability. Through conducting a study on a practical writing class of peer correction, the educators can develop learners’autonomy by transferring learning responsibility from teachers to stu? Dents and develop learners’writing proficiency.
文摘目的 探讨同伴支持小组模式干预对肝门部胆管癌手术患者术后自我管理效能、社会支持及心理复原力的影响。方法 选取2022年6月—2023年10月解放军总医院第一医学中心肝胆胰外科收治的126例行肝门部胆管癌手术患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组63例。对照组进行常规护理,观察组实施同伴支持小组协同护理模式护理。记录患者手术相关指标;比较2组患者干预前及干预3个月后的自我管理效能[自我管理效能量表(Chinese Version of Strategies Used by People to Promote Health,C-SUPPH)]、社会支持[领悟社会支持量表(Perceived Social Support Scale,PSSS)]评分、心理复原力[心理复原力量表(Connor Davidson Resilience Scale,CD-RISC-10)]、健康生活方式[健康促进生活方式(Health Promoting Life style Prolife-Ⅱ,HPLP-Ⅱ)量表]和生活质量[癌症患者生活质量测定量表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire,EORTC QLQ-C30)]评分情况。结果 观察组肛门排气时间、卧床时间、住院时间均低于对照组(t=7.096、4.688、6.943,P均<0.001);干预后,患者在C-SUPPH、PSSS、CD-RISC-10、HPLP-Ⅱ和EORTCQLQ-C30评分均较干预前提升(t=4.636~31.805,P均<0.001),且观察组提升幅度均高于对照组(t=12.130~25.911,P均<0.001)。结论 在肝门部胆管癌手术患者应用同伴支持小组模式进行干预,可缩短患者康复进程,让患者感知到更多社会支持,增强患者自我管理效能及心理复原力,促进生活方式的转变,提高其生活质量。
