We evaluated the frequency and category distribution of drug therapy problems in young and elderly patients. A retro- spective study of the medical conditions, drug therapies, and drug therapy problems identified in 1...We evaluated the frequency and category distribution of drug therapy problems in young and elderly patients. A retro- spective study of the medical conditions, drug therapies, and drug therapy problems identified in 102 patients was performed. The patients were divided into young patient group （〈65 years of age） and elderly patient group （〉~ 65 years of age） in a hospital pharmacy setting. Inclusion criteria： patients who were referred by the treating doctors and received evaluation by the clinical pharmacists. Exclusion criteria： patients who were unable to or refused to be evaluated by the clinical pharmacists. We found that 1） Patients in young and elderly groups had a mean of 3 and 5 medical conditions per person, respectively （P = 0.001）. 2） On the average, they took 4 and 7 drug therapies per person, respectively. The elderly patients took a significantly higher number of drug therapies （P = 0.001）. 3） Totally 85 drug therapy problems in 7 categories were identified within 102 patients. 4） 36.8% of young patients experienced 1 to 4 drug therapy problems whereas 61.8% of elderly patient experienced I to 5 drug therapy problems. Drug therapy problems were significantly more prevalent in elderly patients （P = 0.017）. 5） The drug therapy problem by category had similar distribution in young and elderly patients. The elderly patients in this study encountered more drug therapy problems than young patients. Accordingly, more attention should be paid to elderly patients in pharmaceutical care practice.展开更多
An approximate analytical solution of moving boundary problem for diffusion release of drug from a cylinder polymeric matrix was obtained by use of refined integral method. The release kinetics has been analyzed for n...An approximate analytical solution of moving boundary problem for diffusion release of drug from a cylinder polymeric matrix was obtained by use of refined integral method. The release kinetics has been analyzed for non-erodible matrices with perfect sink condition. The formulas of the moving boundary and the fractional drug release were given. The moving boundary and the fractional drug release have been calculated at various drug loading levels, mid the calculated results were in good agreement with those of experiments. The comparison of the moving boundary in spherical, cylinder, planar matrices has been completed. An approximate formula for estimating the available release time was presented. These results are useful for the clinic experiments. This investigation provides a new theoretical tool for studying the diffusion release of drug from a cylinder polymeric matrix and designing the controlled released drug.展开更多
Recent years have witnessed rapid advances in the toxicologic assessment of biotechproducts.Safety assessment of a biotech product is a complex and multiple process.This includes a knowledge of its pharmaco-biological...Recent years have witnessed rapid advances in the toxicologic assessment of biotechproducts.Safety assessment of a biotech product is a complex and multiple process.This includes a knowledge of its pharmaco-biological characteristics,and identifyingthe target patient population and the proposed clinical application. To make a decision on the safe human application(the products are administering tohumans for therapeutic purposes),besides the identity and purity of the final product,展开更多
Introduction: Nursing students’ experiences during the pandemic provoked social isolation, the way to learn and every context increasing their stress and anxiety leading to drug use and abuse, among others. Problem-b...Introduction: Nursing students’ experiences during the pandemic provoked social isolation, the way to learn and every context increasing their stress and anxiety leading to drug use and abuse, among others. Problem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogic strategy to strengthen significant learning;then the objective was to establish PBL influence in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during COVID-19 contingency. Methods: Qualitative, phenomenological and descriptive paradigm, 12 female and male nursing students aged 20 - 24 years old from the 5<sup>th</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup> semesters participated. Information collection was through semi-structured interview and a deep one in four cases. A guide of questions about: How the pandemic impacted your life? How did you face it? And what did you learn during this process? Those questions were used. Qualitative data analysis was based on De Souza Minayo, and signed informed consent was obtained from participants. Results: Students’ experiences allowed four categories to emerge, with six sub-categories. Category I. Students’ experiences on drug use and abuse facing the sanitary contingency;Category II. Students’ skills development to identify a problem and design of appropriate solutions;Category III. Developing skills to favor interpersonal relationships;Category IV. Influence of PBL in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during the COVID-19 contingency. Conclusion: PBL favored analysis and thoughts in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during the COVID-19 contingency, they worked collaboratively, developed resilience to daily life situations, and implemented stress coping strategies with their significant learning, which diminished their risk behavior.展开更多
目的探讨驻科临床药师对慢性肾脏病3~5D(CKD3~5D)期患者药学服务的价值。方法肾内科临床药师和3名学员组成驻科药师团队,制定标准化药学服务流程[包括入院药物重整、医嘱审核、药物相关问题(drug related problems,DRPs)识别、药学监护...目的探讨驻科临床药师对慢性肾脏病3~5D(CKD3~5D)期患者药学服务的价值。方法肾内科临床药师和3名学员组成驻科药师团队,制定标准化药学服务流程[包括入院药物重整、医嘱审核、药物相关问题(drug related problems,DRPs)识别、药学监护、用药教育、出院药物重整等],对CKD3~5D期住院患者进行药学服务。统计2024年入住苏州大学附属第一医院肾内科患者的基本信息、疾病诊断和药物重整信息等,采用基于欧洲药学监护网络基金会(PCNE)分类改良版的分类系统对患者存在的DRPs进行评估、干预并进行统计分析。结果本研究最终共纳入141例患者,药师共发现DRPs 54个,发生率38.3%。36条(66.67%)与治疗有效性有关,临床药师共进行了60次介入干预,接受介入方案并完全执行率为79.63%。54个DRPs危害性程度分级:E级22个(占40.74%),D级16个(占29.63%),C级6个(占11.11%),B级6个(占11.11%),F级4个(占7.41%)。结论CKD3~5D患者发生DRPs较为常见且具有一定危害性,驻科临床药师通过标准化药学服务能够识别并及时解决CKD3~5D患者的DRPs,协助医师保障患者用药安全、有效、经济。展开更多
目的系统评价成人住院患者用药风险预测模型,为用药风险预测模型的开发和临床应用提供参考。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据、维普网、中国生物医学文献数据库,收集成人住院患者用药风险预测模型的文献,...目的系统评价成人住院患者用药风险预测模型,为用药风险预测模型的开发和临床应用提供参考。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据、维普网、中国生物医学文献数据库,收集成人住院患者用药风险预测模型的文献,检索时限为建库至2024年5月。筛选文献、提取资料、评价文献质量后,对纳入研究的结果进行描述性分析。结果共纳入13项研究,涉及12个模型。9项研究采用Logistic回归算法建模,模型纳入预测因子数为3~11个;受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.65~0.865。文献质量评价结果显示,10项研究为高偏倚风险,10项研究为高适用性风险。共得到31个预测因子,涉及患者基础信息15个、检验指标3个、用药信息5个、其他8个。结论现有成人住院患者用药风险预测模型以Logistic回归算法为主,预测因子多聚焦于人口学等基础指标,模型总体预测性能有待提高,研究的整体偏倚风险较高。展开更多
Subclinical electroencephalogram discharges in children with psycho-cognitiVe problems are not uncommon. However, the clinical importance and relationship to cognitive deficits, as well as indications for medical trea...Subclinical electroencephalogram discharges in children with psycho-cognitiVe problems are not uncommon. However, the clinical importance and relationship to cognitive deficits, as well as indications for medical treatment, are not well understood. Transient cognitive impairment, which accompanies electroencephalogram discharges, could negatively influence cognitive abilities over time. Studies have suggested that treatment with antiepileptic drugs normalizes electroencephalogram results, thereby preventing electrical paroxysmal discharges that could be harmful to the developing brain. Physicians should attempt to differentiate between corresponding factors, such as subtle seizures, nature of underlying etiology, stable cognitive deficits, seizure-inducing effects, and potential side effects of antiepileptic drugs prior to initiation of medical treatment for definitive diagnosis of transient cognitive impairment and its consequences. Therefore appropriate criteria for patient selection and proper guidelines for medical therapy, should be addressed in future studies.展开更多
文摘We evaluated the frequency and category distribution of drug therapy problems in young and elderly patients. A retro- spective study of the medical conditions, drug therapies, and drug therapy problems identified in 102 patients was performed. The patients were divided into young patient group （〈65 years of age） and elderly patient group （〉~ 65 years of age） in a hospital pharmacy setting. Inclusion criteria： patients who were referred by the treating doctors and received evaluation by the clinical pharmacists. Exclusion criteria： patients who were unable to or refused to be evaluated by the clinical pharmacists. We found that 1） Patients in young and elderly groups had a mean of 3 and 5 medical conditions per person, respectively （P = 0.001）. 2） On the average, they took 4 and 7 drug therapies per person, respectively. The elderly patients took a significantly higher number of drug therapies （P = 0.001）. 3） Totally 85 drug therapy problems in 7 categories were identified within 102 patients. 4） 36.8% of young patients experienced 1 to 4 drug therapy problems whereas 61.8% of elderly patient experienced I to 5 drug therapy problems. Drug therapy problems were significantly more prevalent in elderly patients （P = 0.017）. 5） The drug therapy problem by category had similar distribution in young and elderly patients. The elderly patients in this study encountered more drug therapy problems than young patients. Accordingly, more attention should be paid to elderly patients in pharmaceutical care practice.
文摘An approximate analytical solution of moving boundary problem for diffusion release of drug from a cylinder polymeric matrix was obtained by use of refined integral method. The release kinetics has been analyzed for non-erodible matrices with perfect sink condition. The formulas of the moving boundary and the fractional drug release were given. The moving boundary and the fractional drug release have been calculated at various drug loading levels, mid the calculated results were in good agreement with those of experiments. The comparison of the moving boundary in spherical, cylinder, planar matrices has been completed. An approximate formula for estimating the available release time was presented. These results are useful for the clinic experiments. This investigation provides a new theoretical tool for studying the diffusion release of drug from a cylinder polymeric matrix and designing the controlled released drug.
文摘Recent years have witnessed rapid advances in the toxicologic assessment of biotechproducts.Safety assessment of a biotech product is a complex and multiple process.This includes a knowledge of its pharmaco-biological characteristics,and identifyingthe target patient population and the proposed clinical application. To make a decision on the safe human application(the products are administering tohumans for therapeutic purposes),besides the identity and purity of the final product,
文摘Introduction: Nursing students’ experiences during the pandemic provoked social isolation, the way to learn and every context increasing their stress and anxiety leading to drug use and abuse, among others. Problem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogic strategy to strengthen significant learning;then the objective was to establish PBL influence in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during COVID-19 contingency. Methods: Qualitative, phenomenological and descriptive paradigm, 12 female and male nursing students aged 20 - 24 years old from the 5<sup>th</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup> semesters participated. Information collection was through semi-structured interview and a deep one in four cases. A guide of questions about: How the pandemic impacted your life? How did you face it? And what did you learn during this process? Those questions were used. Qualitative data analysis was based on De Souza Minayo, and signed informed consent was obtained from participants. Results: Students’ experiences allowed four categories to emerge, with six sub-categories. Category I. Students’ experiences on drug use and abuse facing the sanitary contingency;Category II. Students’ skills development to identify a problem and design of appropriate solutions;Category III. Developing skills to favor interpersonal relationships;Category IV. Influence of PBL in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during the COVID-19 contingency. Conclusion: PBL favored analysis and thoughts in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during the COVID-19 contingency, they worked collaboratively, developed resilience to daily life situations, and implemented stress coping strategies with their significant learning, which diminished their risk behavior.
文摘目的探讨驻科临床药师对慢性肾脏病3~5D(CKD3~5D)期患者药学服务的价值。方法肾内科临床药师和3名学员组成驻科药师团队,制定标准化药学服务流程[包括入院药物重整、医嘱审核、药物相关问题(drug related problems,DRPs)识别、药学监护、用药教育、出院药物重整等],对CKD3~5D期住院患者进行药学服务。统计2024年入住苏州大学附属第一医院肾内科患者的基本信息、疾病诊断和药物重整信息等,采用基于欧洲药学监护网络基金会(PCNE)分类改良版的分类系统对患者存在的DRPs进行评估、干预并进行统计分析。结果本研究最终共纳入141例患者,药师共发现DRPs 54个,发生率38.3%。36条(66.67%)与治疗有效性有关,临床药师共进行了60次介入干预,接受介入方案并完全执行率为79.63%。54个DRPs危害性程度分级:E级22个(占40.74%),D级16个(占29.63%),C级6个(占11.11%),B级6个(占11.11%),F级4个(占7.41%)。结论CKD3~5D患者发生DRPs较为常见且具有一定危害性,驻科临床药师通过标准化药学服务能够识别并及时解决CKD3~5D患者的DRPs,协助医师保障患者用药安全、有效、经济。
文摘目的系统评价成人住院患者用药风险预测模型,为用药风险预测模型的开发和临床应用提供参考。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据、维普网、中国生物医学文献数据库,收集成人住院患者用药风险预测模型的文献,检索时限为建库至2024年5月。筛选文献、提取资料、评价文献质量后,对纳入研究的结果进行描述性分析。结果共纳入13项研究,涉及12个模型。9项研究采用Logistic回归算法建模,模型纳入预测因子数为3~11个;受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.65~0.865。文献质量评价结果显示,10项研究为高偏倚风险,10项研究为高适用性风险。共得到31个预测因子,涉及患者基础信息15个、检验指标3个、用药信息5个、其他8个。结论现有成人住院患者用药风险预测模型以Logistic回归算法为主,预测因子多聚焦于人口学等基础指标,模型总体预测性能有待提高,研究的整体偏倚风险较高。
文摘Subclinical electroencephalogram discharges in children with psycho-cognitiVe problems are not uncommon. However, the clinical importance and relationship to cognitive deficits, as well as indications for medical treatment, are not well understood. Transient cognitive impairment, which accompanies electroencephalogram discharges, could negatively influence cognitive abilities over time. Studies have suggested that treatment with antiepileptic drugs normalizes electroencephalogram results, thereby preventing electrical paroxysmal discharges that could be harmful to the developing brain. Physicians should attempt to differentiate between corresponding factors, such as subtle seizures, nature of underlying etiology, stable cognitive deficits, seizure-inducing effects, and potential side effects of antiepileptic drugs prior to initiation of medical treatment for definitive diagnosis of transient cognitive impairment and its consequences. Therefore appropriate criteria for patient selection and proper guidelines for medical therapy, should be addressed in future studies.
