The frequency and severity of extreme events associated with global change are both forecast to increase with a concomitant increase expected in perturbations and disruptions of fundamental processes at ecosystem, com...The frequency and severity of extreme events associated with global change are both forecast to increase with a concomitant increase expected in perturbations and disruptions of fundamental processes at ecosystem, community and population scales, with potentially catastrophic consequences. Extreme events should thus be viewed as ecosystem drivers, rather than as short term deviations from a perceived ＇norm＇. To illustrate this, we examined the impacts associated with the extraordinary weather pattern of the austral spring/summer of 2001/2002, and find that patterns of ocean-atmosphere interactions appear linked to a suite of extreme events in Antarctica and more widely across the Southern Hemisphere. In the Antarctic, the extreme events appear related to particular ecological impacts, including the substantial reduction in breeding success of Ade1ie penguins at sites in the Antarctic Peninsula as well as for Adelie penguin and snow petrel colonies in East Antarctica, and the creation of new benthic habitats associated with the disintegration of the Larsen B Ice Shelf. Other major impacts occurred in marine and terrestrial ecosystems at temperate and tropical latitudes. The suite of impacts demonstrates that ecological consequences of extreme events are manifested at fundamental levels in ecosystem processes and produce long-term, persistent effects relative to the short-term durations of the events. Changes in the rates of primary productivity, species mortality, community structure and inter-specific interactions, and changes in trophodynamics were observed as a consequence of the conditions during the 2001/2002 summer. Lasting potential consequences include reaching or exceeding tipping points, trophic cascades and regime shifts.展开更多
低温多晶硅(LTPS:Low-temperature poly-Si)技术已经成为薄膜晶体管(TFT:thin film transistor)制作中最具吸引力的技术,并应用在AMOLED显示器中。P-type技术能够简化TFT的制作过程。本文提出了一种应用p-type多晶硅TFT的AMOLED驱动电...低温多晶硅(LTPS:Low-temperature poly-Si)技术已经成为薄膜晶体管(TFT:thin film transistor)制作中最具吸引力的技术,并应用在AMOLED显示器中。P-type技术能够简化TFT的制作过程。本文提出了一种应用p-type多晶硅TFT的AMOLED驱动电路结构,包括栅极驱动器、数据驱动器以及像素阵列。数据驱动器采用分块方法,使得显示屏的输出线数大大减少。作者采用一种改进的p-type移位寄存器实现逐行选通的功能,并采用由4个p-type反相器级联构成的缓冲器来提高电路的驱动能力。为了验证上述电路结构的正确性,作者采用HSPICE软件进行仿真分析。结果表明,电路工作正常。利用韩国汉城国立大学及Neo Poly公司在多晶硅制作方面的优势,我们已经合作完成了应用上述电路结构的分辨率为96×3×128的有源OLED的制作。展开更多
基金supported by the Australian Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre
文摘The frequency and severity of extreme events associated with global change are both forecast to increase with a concomitant increase expected in perturbations and disruptions of fundamental processes at ecosystem, community and population scales, with potentially catastrophic consequences. Extreme events should thus be viewed as ecosystem drivers, rather than as short term deviations from a perceived ＇norm＇. To illustrate this, we examined the impacts associated with the extraordinary weather pattern of the austral spring/summer of 2001/2002, and find that patterns of ocean-atmosphere interactions appear linked to a suite of extreme events in Antarctica and more widely across the Southern Hemisphere. In the Antarctic, the extreme events appear related to particular ecological impacts, including the substantial reduction in breeding success of Ade1ie penguins at sites in the Antarctic Peninsula as well as for Adelie penguin and snow petrel colonies in East Antarctica, and the creation of new benthic habitats associated with the disintegration of the Larsen B Ice Shelf. Other major impacts occurred in marine and terrestrial ecosystems at temperate and tropical latitudes. The suite of impacts demonstrates that ecological consequences of extreme events are manifested at fundamental levels in ecosystem processes and produce long-term, persistent effects relative to the short-term durations of the events. Changes in the rates of primary productivity, species mortality, community structure and inter-specific interactions, and changes in trophodynamics were observed as a consequence of the conditions during the 2001/2002 summer. Lasting potential consequences include reaching or exceeding tipping points, trophic cascades and regime shifts.
文摘低温多晶硅(LTPS:Low-temperature poly-Si)技术已经成为薄膜晶体管(TFT:thin film transistor)制作中最具吸引力的技术,并应用在AMOLED显示器中。P-type技术能够简化TFT的制作过程。本文提出了一种应用p-type多晶硅TFT的AMOLED驱动电路结构,包括栅极驱动器、数据驱动器以及像素阵列。数据驱动器采用分块方法,使得显示屏的输出线数大大减少。作者采用一种改进的p-type移位寄存器实现逐行选通的功能,并采用由4个p-type反相器级联构成的缓冲器来提高电路的驱动能力。为了验证上述电路结构的正确性,作者采用HSPICE软件进行仿真分析。结果表明,电路工作正常。利用韩国汉城国立大学及Neo Poly公司在多晶硅制作方面的优势,我们已经合作完成了应用上述电路结构的分辨率为96×3×128的有源OLED的制作。
