作为一种典型的污染物,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(N,N-dimethylformamide,DMF)具有排放量大、生态毒性高、难以降解的特性,但目前国内外尚缺乏相关基准标准研究。基于ECOTOX、Web of Science及中国知网等相关中英文文献和毒理数据库,收集并筛选...作为一种典型的污染物,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(N,N-dimethylformamide,DMF)具有排放量大、生态毒性高、难以降解的特性,但目前国内外尚缺乏相关基准标准研究。基于ECOTOX、Web of Science及中国知网等相关中英文文献和毒理数据库,收集并筛选获得222条DMF对中国淡水生物毒性的文献数据,同时补充了DMF对麦穗鱼、黄颡鱼、河蚬、苏式尾鳃蚓、泥鳅、萼花臂尾轮虫、角突臂尾轮虫、莱茵衣藻共8种本土代表性物种的急性、慢性毒性测试数据,用于DMF的淡水生物水质基准推导。DMF水质基准共涉及26种淡水水生生物,涵盖了3个营养级,同时包含了草鱼、鳙鱼等在我国广泛分布的经济物种。其中急性数据涵盖7门15科24个物种,最敏感的物种为柱孢鱼腥藻和多变鱼腥藻;慢性毒性数据涵盖6门10科12个物种,最敏感的物种为模糊网纹溞。采用物种敏感度分布法(SSD)和毒性百分数排序法(TPR)分别计算我国淡水水生生物的DMF水质基准,其中SSD推导出短期水质基准为824.12 mg/L,长期水质基准为14.53 mg/L,TPR推导出短期水质基准为1 081.58 mg/L,长期水质基准为22.48 mg/L,建议采用SSD所推导基准作为DMF的水质标准。展开更多
Pedestrian detection is a critical challenge in the field of general object detection,the performance of object detection has advanced with the development of deep learning.However,considerable improvement is still re...Pedestrian detection is a critical challenge in the field of general object detection,the performance of object detection has advanced with the development of deep learning.However,considerable improvement is still required for pedestrian detection,considering the differences in pedestrian wears,action,and posture.In the driver assistance system,it is necessary to further improve the intelligent pedestrian detection ability.We present a method based on the combination of SSD and GAN to improve the performance of pedestrian detection.Firstly,we assess the impact of different kinds of methods which can detect pedestrians based on SSD and optimize the detection for pedestrian characteristics.Secondly,we propose a novel network architecture,namely data synthesis PS-GAN to generate diverse pedestrian data for verifying the effectiveness of massive training data to SSD detector.Experimental results show that the proposed manners can improve the performance of pedestrian detection to some extent.At last,we use the pedestrian detector to simulate a specific application of motor vehicle assisted driving which would make the detector focus on specific pedestrians according to the velocity of the vehicle.The results establish the validity of the approach.展开更多
The Qinba Mountains are climatically and ecologically recognized as the north-south transitional zone of China.Analysis of its phenology is critical for comprehending the response of vegetation to climatic change.We r...The Qinba Mountains are climatically and ecologically recognized as the north-south transitional zone of China.Analysis of its phenology is critical for comprehending the response of vegetation to climatic change.We retrieved the start of spring phenology(SOS)of eight forest communities from the MODIS products and adopted it as an indicator for spring phenology.Trend analysis,partial correlation analysis,and GeoDetector were employed to reveal the spatio-temporal patterns and climatic drivers of SOS.The results indicated that the SOS presented an advance trend from 2001 to 2020,with a mean rate of−0.473 d yr^(−1).The SOS of most forests correlated negatively with air temperature(TEMP)and positively with precipitation(PRE),suggesting that rising TEMP and increasing PRE in spring would forward and delay SOS,respectively.The dominant factors influencing the sensitivity of SOS to climatic variables were altitude,forest type,and latitude,while the effects of slope and aspect were relatively minor.The response of SOS to climatic factors varied significantly in space and among forest communities,partly due to the influence of altitude,slope,and aspect.展开更多
The emergence of smart grids in India is propelled by an intricate interaction of market dynamics,regulatory structures,and stakeholder obligations.This study analyzes the primary factors that are driving the widespre...The emergence of smart grids in India is propelled by an intricate interaction of market dynamics,regulatory structures,and stakeholder obligations.This study analyzes the primary factors that are driving the widespread use of smart grid technologies and outlines the specific roles and obligations of different stakeholders,such as government entities,utility companies,technology suppliers,and consumers.Government activities and regulations are crucial in facilitating the implementation of smart grid technology by offering financial incentives,regulatory assistance,and strategic guidance.Utility firms have the responsibility of implementing and integrating smart grid infrastructure,with an emphasis on improving the dependability of the grid,minimizing losses in transmission and distribution,and integrating renewable energy sources.Technology companies offer the essential hardware and software solutions,which stimulate creativity and enhance efficiency.Consumers actively engage in the energy ecosystem by participating in demand response,implementing energy saving measures,and adopting distributed energy resources like solar panels and electric vehicles.This study examines the difficulties and possibilities in India’s smart grid industry,highlighting the importance of cooperation among stakeholders to build a strong,effective,and environmentally friendly energy future.展开更多
This article introduces a novel 20 V radiation-hardened high-voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)driver with an optimized input circuit and a drain-surrounding-source(DSS)structure.The inp...This article introduces a novel 20 V radiation-hardened high-voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)driver with an optimized input circuit and a drain-surrounding-source(DSS)structure.The input circuit of a conventional inverter consists of a thick-gate-oxide n-type MOSFET(NMOS).These conventional drivers can tolerate a total ionizing dose(TID)of up to 100 krad(Si).In contrast,the proposed comparator input circuit uses both a thick-gate-oxide p-type MOSFET(PMOS)and thin-gate-oxide NMOS to offer a high input voltage and higher TID tolerance.Because the thick-gate-oxide PMOS and thin-gate-oxide NMOS collectively provide better TID tolerance than the thick-gate-oxide NMOS,the circuit exhibits enhanced TID tolerance of>300 krad(Si).Simulations and experimental date indicate that the DSS structure reduces the probability of unwanted parasitic bipolar junction transistor activation,yielding a better single-event effect tolerance of over 81.8 MeVcm^(2)mg^(-1).The innovative strategy proposed in this study involves circuit and layout design optimization,and does not require any specialized process flow.Hence,the proposed circuit can be manufactured using common commercial 0.35μm BCD processes.展开更多
文摘Pedestrian detection is a critical challenge in the field of general object detection,the performance of object detection has advanced with the development of deep learning.However,considerable improvement is still required for pedestrian detection,considering the differences in pedestrian wears,action,and posture.In the driver assistance system,it is necessary to further improve the intelligent pedestrian detection ability.We present a method based on the combination of SSD and GAN to improve the performance of pedestrian detection.Firstly,we assess the impact of different kinds of methods which can detect pedestrians based on SSD and optimize the detection for pedestrian characteristics.Secondly,we propose a novel network architecture,namely data synthesis PS-GAN to generate diverse pedestrian data for verifying the effectiveness of massive training data to SSD detector.Experimental results show that the proposed manners can improve the performance of pedestrian detection to some extent.At last,we use the pedestrian detector to simulate a specific application of motor vehicle assisted driving which would make the detector focus on specific pedestrians according to the velocity of the vehicle.The results establish the validity of the approach.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFE0208100,No.2021YFC3000201Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,No.232300420165。
文摘The Qinba Mountains are climatically and ecologically recognized as the north-south transitional zone of China.Analysis of its phenology is critical for comprehending the response of vegetation to climatic change.We retrieved the start of spring phenology(SOS)of eight forest communities from the MODIS products and adopted it as an indicator for spring phenology.Trend analysis,partial correlation analysis,and GeoDetector were employed to reveal the spatio-temporal patterns and climatic drivers of SOS.The results indicated that the SOS presented an advance trend from 2001 to 2020,with a mean rate of−0.473 d yr^(−1).The SOS of most forests correlated negatively with air temperature(TEMP)and positively with precipitation(PRE),suggesting that rising TEMP and increasing PRE in spring would forward and delay SOS,respectively.The dominant factors influencing the sensitivity of SOS to climatic variables were altitude,forest type,and latitude,while the effects of slope and aspect were relatively minor.The response of SOS to climatic factors varied significantly in space and among forest communities,partly due to the influence of altitude,slope,and aspect.
文摘The emergence of smart grids in India is propelled by an intricate interaction of market dynamics,regulatory structures,and stakeholder obligations.This study analyzes the primary factors that are driving the widespread use of smart grid technologies and outlines the specific roles and obligations of different stakeholders,such as government entities,utility companies,technology suppliers,and consumers.Government activities and regulations are crucial in facilitating the implementation of smart grid technology by offering financial incentives,regulatory assistance,and strategic guidance.Utility firms have the responsibility of implementing and integrating smart grid infrastructure,with an emphasis on improving the dependability of the grid,minimizing losses in transmission and distribution,and integrating renewable energy sources.Technology companies offer the essential hardware and software solutions,which stimulate creativity and enhance efficiency.Consumers actively engage in the energy ecosystem by participating in demand response,implementing energy saving measures,and adopting distributed energy resources like solar panels and electric vehicles.This study examines the difficulties and possibilities in India’s smart grid industry,highlighting the importance of cooperation among stakeholders to build a strong,effective,and environmentally friendly energy future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2241221).
文摘This article introduces a novel 20 V radiation-hardened high-voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)driver with an optimized input circuit and a drain-surrounding-source(DSS)structure.The input circuit of a conventional inverter consists of a thick-gate-oxide n-type MOSFET(NMOS).These conventional drivers can tolerate a total ionizing dose(TID)of up to 100 krad(Si).In contrast,the proposed comparator input circuit uses both a thick-gate-oxide p-type MOSFET(PMOS)and thin-gate-oxide NMOS to offer a high input voltage and higher TID tolerance.Because the thick-gate-oxide PMOS and thin-gate-oxide NMOS collectively provide better TID tolerance than the thick-gate-oxide NMOS,the circuit exhibits enhanced TID tolerance of>300 krad(Si).Simulations and experimental date indicate that the DSS structure reduces the probability of unwanted parasitic bipolar junction transistor activation,yielding a better single-event effect tolerance of over 81.8 MeVcm^(2)mg^(-1).The innovative strategy proposed in this study involves circuit and layout design optimization,and does not require any specialized process flow.Hence,the proposed circuit can be manufactured using common commercial 0.35μm BCD processes.
