Background Feeding spray dried plasma(SDP)to weanling pigs improves growth,but there is a lack of research on how SDP impacts oxidative stress and inflammatory response in lactating sows,and performance of their pigle...Background Feeding spray dried plasma(SDP)to weanling pigs improves growth,but there is a lack of research on how SDP impacts oxidative stress and inflammatory response in lactating sows,and performance of their piglets after weaning.Therefore,an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that sows fed a diet with SDP in late gestation and lactation have improved reproductive performance and reduced inflammation compared with sows fed no SDP.The second hypothesis was that pigs weaned from sows fed 0.5%SDP in lactation have reduced diarrhea incidence and improved growth performance during the initial 14 d of the nursery period regardless of dietary SDP.Results The percent of low vitality or starved pigs during lactation was less(P<0.05)from sows fed 0.5%dietary SDP compared with sows fed the diet without SDP.Dietary SDP did not influence oxidative stress markers in the plasma of sows,but serum cytokines increased(P<0.05)in sows fed the diet with 0.5%SDP compared with sows fed the diet without SDP.Pigs weaned from young sows fed no SDP or from mature sows fed 0 or 0.5%SDP had a greater gain to feed ratio when fed a phase 1 diet containing 6%SDP compared with pigs fed a diet without SDP,but the gain to feed ratio of pigs weaned from young sows fed 0.5%dietary SDP was not affected by dietary SDP in phase 1(interaction,P<0.05).Regardless of sow treatment,pigs fed a phase 1 diet with 6%SDP had greater(P<0.05)growth performance than pigs fed a phase 1 diet without SDP,and pigs fed the phase 1 diet with 6%SDP had reduced(P<0.05)diarrhea incidence in phase 1.Conclusions Feeding 0.5%dietary SDP to sows may reduce the number of mummified pigs and increase pig vitality during lactation,but adding 0.5%SDP to sow diets during lactation did not improve post-weaning performance of pigs fed a starter diet with 6%SDP.展开更多
[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore sedation of dried ginger.[Method] By compared the experimental results before and after intragastric administration,the influences of decoction of dried ginger at different ...[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore sedation of dried ginger.[Method] By compared the experimental results before and after intragastric administration,the influences of decoction of dried ginger at different concentrations(1,2,3 mg/ml)on locomotor activities of white mice.[Result]When the decoction of dried ginger was 1 g/ml,the time of free movements and the number of raising forelimbs of mice were obviously detained(2.5 h after intragastric administration).When the decoction of dried ginger was 2 g/ml,the time of free movements and the number of raising forelimbs of mice were obviously influenced however the inhibition time is short than that of 1 g/ml.When the decoction of dried ginger was 3 g/ml,the inhibition is not obvious.[Conclusion] Dried ginger had some sedation effect which was related to its dosage.展开更多
To improve the controlled release ability,we prepared attapulgite into microspheres by spray drying.This research began with a thorough thermogravimetric analysis to optimize attapulgite's heat treatment for drug ...To improve the controlled release ability,we prepared attapulgite into microspheres by spray drying.This research began with a thorough thermogravimetric analysis to optimize attapulgite's heat treatment for drug loading.By advanced spray drying,attapulgite was transformed into microspheres,refining its drug release characteristics.Various parameters were examined,achieving optimal particle size and morphology at 25%solid content,2.5%dispersant,and 3% binder.Attapulgite microspheres demonstrated exceptional encapsulation efficiency,exceeding 95% for doxorubicin hydrochloride,highlighting their versatility in drug delivery.FTIR and XRD were used to predict changes in material properties after spray drying.Notably,cytotoxicity tests confirmed the high biocompatibility of attapulgite microspheres,devoid of cell death induction.Attapulgite microsphere loaded with doxorubicin enable sustained drug release and maintain killing ability against tumor cells.This study confirms the viability of spray dried attapulgite microspheres for efficient drug loading and delivery and provides insights for innovative drug delivery systems that utilize the unique properties of attapulgite to advance therapeutics.展开更多
Black wolfberry(Lycium ruthenicum)is enriched in phytochemical metabolites which can benefit human health.However,few studies have examined the effects of different fruit drying methods on its polyphenol content,antio...Black wolfberry(Lycium ruthenicum)is enriched in phytochemical metabolites which can benefit human health.However,few studies have examined the effects of different fruit drying methods on its polyphenol content,antioxidant activity,and anti-inflammatory activity.In addition,whether and how consuming dried black wolfberry affects gut microbiota has not been reported.This study assessed the phytochemical profile and bioactivities of black wolfberry dried through different methods,and subsequently characterized changes in human fecal microbiota associated with freeze-dried black wolfberry in vitro.The results showed that freeze-dried samples retained higher total phenolics((49.68±1.62)mg GAE/g DM),tannins((38.64±1.35)mg GAE/g DM),and proanthocyanidins((3.35±0.30)mg/g DM)compared to sun drying or hot air drying(P<0.05),and exhibited higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.In human fecal inoculum bioreactor fermentations,freeze-dried black wolfberry was associated with increased species richness andα-diversity.At the genus level,fermentations treated with black wolfberry had a higher abundance of lactic acid bacteria including Lactococcus,Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Pediococcus,and Weissella,as well as butyrate-producing bacteria compared to the untreated samples,suggesting enrichment for taxa associated with a healthy gut microbiome.In addition,the black wolfberry treatment group had higher levels of short-chain fatty acids,which were consistent with PICRUSt2 inference.This study defines an optimal method for black wolfberry preservation to retain the beneficial compounds,and provides a foundation for further exploration of its potential benefits for human gut microbiota.展开更多
The wood samples of 9 triploid clones of Populus tomentosa Carr. taken from a 9 year old clonal test site were analyzed in order to investigate the genetic variation of wood properties, including air dried wood...The wood samples of 9 triploid clones of Populus tomentosa Carr. taken from a 9 year old clonal test site were analyzed in order to investigate the genetic variation of wood properties, including air dried wood density and some mechanical properties. The results showed that significant or extremely significant difference in air dried wood density and the mechanical properties existed among the clones, this means these wood properties were under moderate or strong genetic controls and could be improved by genetic manipulations. The radial and vertical variation patterns of air dried wood density were also studied and the results were found to coordinate with other previous research results. The vertical variation patterns of most mechanical properties within the individual tree also conformed to the general wood theories except the modulus of elasticity and cross section hardness. Among the mechanical properties, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and tangent section hardness were under strong genetic control, with the clonal repeatabilities being 0 90 and 0 80, respectively. However, the clonal repeatabilities of other mechanical properties under study were a little lower than above two indexes. Genetic correlation analysis indicated that super clonal selection and breeding for veneer timber could be realized through indirect selection of wood density and form indexes.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to find out the optimal methods for extracting DNA from dried butterfly specimen.[Method]A total of five methods including SDS method,SDS-mercaptoethanol-phenol method,CTAB method,saturated NaCl...[Objective]The aim was to find out the optimal methods for extracting DNA from dried butterfly specimen.[Method]A total of five methods including SDS method,SDS-mercaptoethanol-phenol method,CTAB method,saturated NaCl method,SDS-mercaptoethanol-chloroform methods were employed to extract DNA from dried butterfly specimen.[Result]SDS-mercaptoethanol-phenol method,saturated NaCl method and SDS-mercaptoethanol-chloroform method were suitable for genomic DNA extraction from dried butterfly samples,and the DNA extracted can be successfully applied to the PCR amplification of butterfly mitochondrial COI,EF-1α and CytB genes.[Conclusion]SDS-mercaptoethanol-phenol method,saturated NaCl method and SDS-mercaptoethanol-chloroform method can be used to study the extraction of DNA from dried butterfly samples,which laid foundation for study on molecular phylogenetics of butterfly.展开更多
By determining the earth moisture content of artificial forestland between 0 and 6 m deep in the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi province, the vertical change of moisture content, distribution and formation causes of a dried...By determining the earth moisture content of artificial forestland between 0 and 6 m deep in the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi province, the vertical change of moisture content, distribution and formation causes of a dried earth layer are researched. The results show that the average moisture content is 9.3%-9.5% between 2 and 4 m under artificial forest of over 10 year＇s growth in Guanzhong Plain, and chronic weak dried earth layers are developed which show that the dried earth layers are distributed extensively on the Loess Plateau. The southern boundary of the dried earth layer has reached the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains. When precipitation reaches 600 mm, there are weak dried earth layers between 2 and 4 m under artificial forest of more than 10 years old. When the precipitation is between 400 and 500 mm, there are moderate dried earth layers. When precipitation is above 800 mm, there are no dried earth layers. There are no dried earth layers under meadow land, corn land and less than 5 years old of artificial forestland in central and southern parts of the Loess Plateau. The development of dried earth layers under cypress forest is weaker than broad-leaved forest. Under the same climatic conditions, the development of dried earth layers under the loess tableland is nearly at the same level as the 2nd and 3rd river terrace. Dried earth layers developed in membrane water zone, and the buried depth is small and motion velocity is slow in the Loess Plateau, which is the direct water factor of the formation of the dried earth layer, while differences of tree age and tree species are the plant factors that consumed much moisture. From the depth of the gravity water and the membrane water in Guanzhong Plain, it is clear that the formation cause of dried earth layers is mainly due to natural factors. The dried layers generally develop in middle-aged artificial forestland that consumed too much moisture, which is the general character of earth moisture in subhumid and semiarid zones. The appearance of dried layers doesn＇t show that the forest doesn＇t develop in this area; this is depended on their development intensity. Artificial forest of Chinese poplar, locust tree and Chinese scholartree consuming less water can be planted in the areas where dried earth layer developed weakly, but can not be planted in the areas where dried earth layer developed intensely.展开更多
In this study, 15 mycotoxins were detected in 233 nut and dried fruit samples from China. The 15 mycotoxins included aflatoxins （AFs： AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2）, trichothecene toxins （TCs： T-2, ZEA, ENA, ENA1, EN...In this study, 15 mycotoxins were detected in 233 nut and dried fruit samples from China. The 15 mycotoxins included aflatoxins （AFs： AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2）, trichothecene toxins （TCs： T-2, ZEA, ENA, ENA1, ENB, ENB1 and BEA）, Alternaria toxins （ATs： TEN, AOH and AME） and ochratoxin A （OTA）. The mycotoxins were detected in 47.6% of the samples and all 15 of the mycotoxins were found. Two samples were positive for AFB1 and exceeded the maximum tolerable levels allowed in China. The contamination levels of the mycotoxins found in nuts, dried jujubes, raisins, dried figs and dried Iongans were in the ranges of 0.1-462.7, 0.2-247.3, 0.8-10.1,0.2-384.1 and 0.1-89.2 μg kg^-1, respectively. Dried figs （80.0%） had the highest incidence of mycotoxins, followed by dried Iongans （60.0%）, dried jujubes （57.1%）, nuts （43.6%） and raisins （26.7%）. The estimated daily intake （EDI） values of each individual mycotoxin and all of the mycotoxins collectively were calculated by both the deterministic approach （DA） and the probability approach （PA）. For risk characterization, dietary exposure to TCs, ATs and OTA through consumption of nuts and dried fruits according to both approaches, showed no health risk to Chinese adults by exposure to either individual mycotoxins or in combination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in which risk assessment of multimycotoxins is performed, specifically including the emerging ENNs and BEA, in nuts and dried fruits of China.展开更多
Direct infusion mass spectrometry(DIMS) is a powerful technique in clinical diagnosis for screening neonatal amino acid metabolic disorders from dried blood spots(DBS).However,DIMS sometimes generated false-positive r...Direct infusion mass spectrometry(DIMS) is a powerful technique in clinical diagnosis for screening neonatal amino acid metabolic disorders from dried blood spots(DBS).However,DIMS sometimes generated false-positive results for analysis of amino acids.In this work,we utilized a stable isotope derivatization method,combining with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(SID-LC-MS),to improve the specificity for screening amino acids in DBS specimens.A pair of isotope reagents,p-(dimethylamino)phenyl isothiocyanate(DMAP-NCS) and 4-isothiocyanato-N,N-bis(methyl-[2H2])aniline([2H4]DMAP-NCS),was synthesized and used to label amino acids in DBS specimens.The [2H4]DMAP-NCS labelled amino acid standards were used as internal standards to compensate the matrix effect.This method was validated by measuring linearity,recovery and accuracy.The results showed that the developed SID-LC-MS method can be used for sensitive and selective determination of 12 diagnostically important amino acids in DBS specimens.展开更多
Background:Heat stress is a significant problem in the poultry industry,causing a severe economic loss due to its detrimental effects on chickens’health and performance.Dried plum(DP)is a good source of minerals,vita...Background:Heat stress is a significant problem in the poultry industry,causing a severe economic loss due to its detrimental effects on chickens’health and performance.Dried plum(DP)is a good source of minerals,vitamins,antioxidants,and phenolic compounds.Studies have suggested that DP has several health benefits,such as maintaining the body’s redox system,immune status,and calcium hemostasis.Based on the health benefits of DP,we hypothesized that the dietary supplementation of DP would alleviate the detrimental effects of heat stress on broiler chickens.Results:To test the hypothesis,day-old broiler chicks(n=72)were randomly allocated to three treatment groups(n=24/group):no heat stress(NHS),heat stress(HS),and heat stress with dried plum(HS+DP),and reared under standard conditions.The inclusion of 2.5%DP in the feed of the HS+DP group was made during the treatment period,while birds in other groups were provided with a standard finisher diet.After 21 days,birds in the HS and HS+DP groups were exposed to cyclic heat stress conditions(33℃ for 8 h during daytime)for 3 weeks,while those in the NHS group were reared under normal conditions(22-24℃).Weekly body weight and feed intake were recorded to calculate the average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI),and feed conversion ratio(FCR).Heat stress significantly decreased the final body weight,ADG,ADFI,and increased FCR compared to the NHS group,whereas dietary supplementation of DP significantly improved these growth performance parameters compared to the HS group.Furthermore,supplementation of DP significantly increased the expression of heat shock protein-related genes(HSF1,HSF3,HSP70,and HSP90),antioxidant-related genes(SOD1,SOD2,GPX1,GPX3,PRDX1,and TXN),tight junction-related genes(CLDN1,and OCLN),and immune-related genes(IL4,MUC2)in the ileum as compared to the HS group.The microbiota analysis showed significant enrichment of Bacillales,Christensenellaceae,Bacillaceae,Peptostreptococcaceae,and Anaerotruncus in heat-stressed birds supplemented with DP as compared to the HS group.Further,DP supplementation also significantly increased the concentration of acetate,propionate,and total VFA in the cecal digesta of the HS+DP group as compared to the HS group.Conclusion:These findings suggest that DP supplementation effectively improved the growth performances and gut health parameters in the heat-stressed birds.Thus,dried plum can be a potential feed supplement to mitigate heat stress in broiler chickens.展开更多
This study was carried out to determine the effect of replacement of forage fiber sources from alfalfa and Leymus chinensis with nonforage fiber sources（NFFS） from dried distillers grains with solubles and corn germ...This study was carried out to determine the effect of replacement of forage fiber sources from alfalfa and Leymus chinensis with nonforage fiber sources（NFFS） from dried distillers grains with solubles and corn germ meal on calves growth, rumen development and blood parameters. 48 female and 12 male calves（（110.55±15.36） kg of body weight and 12 wk of age） were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments（15 calves/treatment） in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were： 0% NFFS（control）, 9% NFFS（group 1）, 18% NFFS（group 2）, 27% NFFS（group 3）, and contained equivalent neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients, respectively. The dry matter intake was similar among diets, averaging 3.33 kg d-1, and no differences were detected for body weight, withers height, body length and heart girth. In addition, the development of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum also were similar among diets. Dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities increased with the increasing levels of NFFS in the experimental diets, but had no significant effect. Blood urea nitrogen, total protein and glubulin were not affected by the dietary treatment, but group 3 resulted in the highest（P〈0.05） concentrations of glucose and the lowest（P〈0.05） concentrations of triglycerides and albumin. In conclusion, dried distillers grains with solubles（DDGS） and corn germ meal（CGM） were available and alternative fiber sources for Holstein calf diets.展开更多
Six new indole alkaloids,named alstoniascholarines L–Q(1–6),together with nineteen known analogues were isolated from the inadequately dried leaves of Alstonia scholaris.Their structures were elucidated on the basis...Six new indole alkaloids,named alstoniascholarines L–Q(1–6),together with nineteen known analogues were isolated from the inadequately dried leaves of Alstonia scholaris.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive analysis of spectroscopic data and by comparison of their physical and spectroscopic data with the literature values.In addition,the new alkaloids were tested for their cytotoxic and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities.展开更多
Antioxidant activities of W and E extracts obtained from dried boxthorn (Lycium chinensis) fruit were measured based on DPPH radical scavenging and reducing powers, and their relationships with total phenolics, flavon...Antioxidant activities of W and E extracts obtained from dried boxthorn (Lycium chinensis) fruit were measured based on DPPH radical scavenging and reducing powers, and their relationships with total phenolics, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity were investigated. A linear correlation among antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and flavonoid content was observed in concentration-dependent mode. Both extracts showed > 95% DPPH radical-scavenging activity and the higher reducing power of 3200 ppm at the same concentration. The antioxidant potential of both extracts were compared with those of commercial antioxidants such as BHA, BHT, TBHQ, ferulic acid, and α-tocopherol using H2O2 scavenging activity, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation, inhibition of hemolysis of rat erythrocyte induced by peroxyl radicals, and inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation using rat brain tissue. In the H2O2 scavenging activity, E extract showed a comparable significant antioxidant power, comparable to commercial antioxidants, and no signifi-cant difference (P > 0.05) was found between W and E extracts on inhibition of the linoleic acid peroxidation. Whereas W extract exhibited a significant power in the hemolysis of rat erythrocytes, none was observed in E extract. In the Fe-induced lipid peroxidation using rat brain tissue, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was found between both ex-tracts, showing a comparable activity with those of synthetic antioxidants. Both W and E extracts of dried boxthorn (Lycium chinensis) fruit may have a potential as natural antioxidants to replace synthetic antioxidants.展开更多
Local fluoride contamination and bacterial infections in potable water have dangerous effects on the human body and are today a global concern.In this study,we have synthesized a pH-responsive bifunctional biopolymer ...Local fluoride contamination and bacterial infections in potable water have dangerous effects on the human body and are today a global concern.In this study,we have synthesized a pH-responsive bifunctional biopolymer nanocomposite(HAZ)of humic acid with incorporating aluminum zirconium bimetallic oxide by deep freeze–drying method.Fast nucleation and interconnection of nanoparticles form a highly porous network because of sublimation of frozen HAZ.This duo nanocomposite has efficiently worked for fluoride removal and showed potent antibacterial activity against the Escherichia coli Gram-negative and Staphylococcus aureus Gram-positive bacteria.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis demonstrates that the hydroxyl groups act as a pivot in the ion exchange process of adsorption,each element of bimetallic oxide primarily takes part in the adsorption mechanism.The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was 180.62 mg/g at pH seven.Thermodynamic parameters like Gibbs free energy change(△G0),entropy(△S0),and enthalpy(△H0)indicate that the process was endothermic,feasible,and taken place by a chemisorption mechanism.This is the first novel freeze–dried bifunctional biopolymer nanocomposite composed of humic acid natural polymer incorporated with Al–Zr metal oxide,and it exhibited three times higher adsorption efficacy with excellent antibacterial action at a concentration of 5μg/mL of the nanocomposite.展开更多
Dried shrimp is a popular aquatic food worldwide due to its unique flavor.However,its flavor qualities on the market remain uneven.This study aimed to compare flavor substances in dried shrimp processed by Litopenaeus...Dried shrimp is a popular aquatic food worldwide due to its unique flavor.However,its flavor qualities on the market remain uneven.This study aimed to compare flavor substances in dried shrimp processed by Litopenaeus vannamei from two aquaculture patterns(earthen pond and greenhouse)using amino acid automatic analyzer,high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),gas chromatography(GC)-ion mobility spectrometry(IMS),and GC-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results revealed that dried shrimp from earthen pond had significantly higher free amino acids and 5’-nucleotides than those from greenhouse(P<0.05),and their corresponding equivalent umami concentrations(EUCs)were 23.45 g MSG(100 g)^(−1)and 14.86 g MSG(100 g)^(−1),respectively.For volatile compounds,GC-IMS analysis indicated significant differences in volatile compounds between dried shrimp from different aquaculture patterns.According to the quantitative analysis of GC-MS,11 volatile compounds were identified as aroma-active compounds(AACs),of which six AACs(1-octen-3-ol,3-methylbutanal,nonanal,trimethylamine,2,5-dimethylpyrazine,and 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine)were found in all dried shrimp samples.Although dried shrimp from greenhouse possesses higher OAVs,OAVs of(E,E)-2,4-nonadienal(fishy smell),and 3,5-diethyl-2-methylpyrazine(burnt smell)reached 171.2 and 333 respectively,imparting negative effects on flavor.In general,dried shrimp from earthen pond had a better flavor profile than those from greenhouse.展开更多
Exploring high-performance soft actuators from biomass resources is significant for developing eco-friendly smart devices.Dried bonito(DB)flake is a common food as well as a biomass material,and it can produce irregul...Exploring high-performance soft actuators from biomass resources is significant for developing eco-friendly smart devices.Dried bonito(DB)flake is a common food as well as a biomass material,and it can produce irregular motion in changed moisture,just like dancing.Inspired by this intriguing phenomenon,a cost-effective,biocom patible,and biodegradable moisture-responsive DB film actuator with a gradient structure is developed.The DB film actuator exhibits rapid and reversible bending deformation triggered by a humidity gradient with a high bending speed(40°s-1)and a maximum bending angle(180°).More-over,the DB film actuator shows large bending deformation(-71°to+51°)with a high actuation force(214.7 Pa)in response to changes in relative humidity.Furthermore,the actuation performance can be also tuned by adjusting the thickness of the film.Potential applications of this actuator,including smart grippers,crawling robots,and biomimetic flowers for visible humidity sensing,are demonstrated.More importantly,smart sweat-responsive wearables that automatically deform to promote sweat evaporation and convection during exercise are constructed based on the actuator,making it promising for adaptive personal thermal management.This work offers an easily processable,cost-effective,and environmentally benign strategy to construct moisture-responsive actuators for future eco-friendly smart devices.展开更多
AIM To detect chronic hepatitis B(CHB),chronic hepatitis C(CHC) and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infections in dried blood spot(DBS) and compare these samples to venous blood sampling in real-life.METHODS We incl...AIM To detect chronic hepatitis B(CHB),chronic hepatitis C(CHC) and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infections in dried blood spot(DBS) and compare these samples to venous blood sampling in real-life.METHODS We included prospective patients with known viral infections from drug treatment centers,a prison and outpatient clinics and included blood donors as negative controls. Five drops of finger capillary blood were spotted on filter paper,and a venous blood sample was obtained. The samples were analyzed for HBs Ag,antiHBc,anti-HBs,anti-HCV,and anti-HIV levels as well as subjected to a combined nucleic acid test(NAT) for HBV DNA,HCV RNA and HIV RNA.RESULTS Samples from 404 subjects were screened(85 CHB,116 CHC,114 HIV and 99 blood donors). DBS had a sensitivity of > 96% and a specificity of > 98% for the detection of all three infections. NAT testing did not improve sensitivity,but correctly classified 95% of the anti-HCV-positive patients with chronic and past infections. Anti-HBc and anti-HBS showed low sensitivity in DBS(68% and 42%).CONCLUSION DBS sampling,combined with an automated analysis system,is a feasible screening method to diagnose chronic viral hepatitis and HIV infections outside of the health care system.展开更多
One dimensional and triaxial compression tests of air-dried and oven-dried Fujinomori clay and Pisa clay were carried out. Water content is less than 4.5% and 1.0% for air-dried and oven-dried clay specimens, respecti...One dimensional and triaxial compression tests of air-dried and oven-dried Fujinomori clay and Pisa clay were carried out. Water content is less than 4.5% and 1.0% for air-dried and oven-dried clay specimens, respectively. In all tests, axial strain rate was changed stepwise many times and drained creep tests were performed several times during monotonic loading at a constant strain rate. Global unloading (and also reloading in some tests) was applied during which creep loading tests were performed several times. Cyclic loading with small stress amplitude and several cycles was also performed to calculate the modulus of elasticity of the clay in tests. Local displacement transducer was used in triaxial compression test to increase measuring accuracy of axial strain. The results show that air-dried and oven-dried clay have noticeable viscous properties; during global unloading, creep deformation changes from positive to negative, i.e. there exist neutral points (zero creep deformation or no creep deformation point) in global unloading part of strain-stress curve; viscous property of Fujinomori clay decreases when water content decreases, i.e. viscous property of air-dried Fujinomori clay is more significant than that of oven-dried Fujinomori clay.展开更多
Background:Diet has a profound impact on the rumen microbiota,and the impact can vary among the different rumen ecological niches(REN).This study investigated the effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal(SBM)wit...Background:Diet has a profound impact on the rumen microbiota,and the impact can vary among the different rumen ecological niches(REN).This study investigated the effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal(SBM)with dried distillers grains with solubles(DDGS)on the rumen microbiota occupying different REN of growing Hu lambs.After a 9-week feeding trial,6 lambs from each dietary treatment(SBM vs.DDGS-based diets)were slaughtered for sample collection.The microbiota of the rumen solid,liquid,and epithelium fractions was examined using amplicon sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene,functional prediction,and qPCR.Results:No interaction of dietary protein source(PS)and REN were detected for virtually all the measurements made in this study.The DDGS substitution resulted in very limited influence on bacterial community structure.However,the metabolic pathways predicted from 16S rRNA gene sequences varied greatly between SBM-and DDGS-based diets.The populations of rumen total bacteria,fungi,sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB),and methanogens were not influenced by DDGS substitution,but the population of protozoa was reduced.The bacterial communities in rumen solid(RS)and liquid(RL)were similar in taxonomic composition but were different in relative abundance of some taxa.In contrast,the bacterial composition and relative abundance of rumen epithelium(RE)were greatly distinct from those of the RS and the RL.In alignment with the bacterial relative abundance,the metabolic pathways predicted from 16S rRNA genes also varied greatly among the different REN.The populations of total bacteria,protozoa,and methanogens attached to the RE were smaller than those in the RS and RL,and the fungal population on the rumen epitheliumwas smaller than that in the RS but similar to that in the RL.On the contrary,the SRB population on the RE was greater than that in the RS and RL.Conclusions:Substitution of SBM with DDGS had greater impact to the protozoa than to the other microbes,and the microbial community structure and functions at different REN are distinct and niche-adapted.展开更多
In recent years,scientific researchers have increasingly become interested in noninvasive sampling methods for therapeutic drug monitoring and disease diagnosis.As a result,dried saliva spot(DSS),which is a sampling t...In recent years,scientific researchers have increasingly become interested in noninvasive sampling methods for therapeutic drug monitoring and disease diagnosis.As a result,dried saliva spot(DSS),which is a sampling technique for collecting dried saliva samples,has been widely used as an alternative matrix to serum for the detection of target molecules.Coupling the DSS method with a highly sensitive detection instrument improves the efficiency of the preparation and analysis of biological samples.Furthermore,dried blood spots,dried plasma spots,and dried matrix spots,which are similar to those of the DSS method,are discussed.Compared with alternative biological fluids used in dried spot methods,including serum,tears,urine,and plasma,saliva has the advantage of convenience in terms of sample collection from children or persons with disabilities.This review aims to provide integral strategies and guidelines for dried spot methods to analyze biological samples by illustrating several dried spot methods.Herein,we summarize recent advancements in DSS methods from June 2014 to March 2021 and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the key aspects of this method,including sample preparation and method validation.Finally,we outline the challenges and prospects of such methods in practical applications.展开更多
基金support from APC LLC,Ankeny,IA,USA,is greatly appreciated.
文摘Background Feeding spray dried plasma(SDP)to weanling pigs improves growth,but there is a lack of research on how SDP impacts oxidative stress and inflammatory response in lactating sows,and performance of their piglets after weaning.Therefore,an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that sows fed a diet with SDP in late gestation and lactation have improved reproductive performance and reduced inflammation compared with sows fed no SDP.The second hypothesis was that pigs weaned from sows fed 0.5%SDP in lactation have reduced diarrhea incidence and improved growth performance during the initial 14 d of the nursery period regardless of dietary SDP.Results The percent of low vitality or starved pigs during lactation was less(P<0.05)from sows fed 0.5%dietary SDP compared with sows fed the diet without SDP.Dietary SDP did not influence oxidative stress markers in the plasma of sows,but serum cytokines increased(P<0.05)in sows fed the diet with 0.5%SDP compared with sows fed the diet without SDP.Pigs weaned from young sows fed no SDP or from mature sows fed 0 or 0.5%SDP had a greater gain to feed ratio when fed a phase 1 diet containing 6%SDP compared with pigs fed a diet without SDP,but the gain to feed ratio of pigs weaned from young sows fed 0.5%dietary SDP was not affected by dietary SDP in phase 1(interaction,P<0.05).Regardless of sow treatment,pigs fed a phase 1 diet with 6%SDP had greater(P<0.05)growth performance than pigs fed a phase 1 diet without SDP,and pigs fed the phase 1 diet with 6%SDP had reduced(P<0.05)diarrhea incidence in phase 1.Conclusions Feeding 0.5%dietary SDP to sows may reduce the number of mummified pigs and increase pig vitality during lactation,but adding 0.5%SDP to sow diets during lactation did not improve post-weaning performance of pigs fed a starter diet with 6%SDP.
文摘[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore sedation of dried ginger.[Method] By compared the experimental results before and after intragastric administration,the influences of decoction of dried ginger at different concentrations(1,2,3 mg/ml)on locomotor activities of white mice.[Result]When the decoction of dried ginger was 1 g/ml,the time of free movements and the number of raising forelimbs of mice were obviously detained(2.5 h after intragastric administration).When the decoction of dried ginger was 2 g/ml,the time of free movements and the number of raising forelimbs of mice were obviously influenced however the inhibition time is short than that of 1 g/ml.When the decoction of dried ginger was 3 g/ml,the inhibition is not obvious.[Conclusion] Dried ginger had some sedation effect which was related to its dosage.
基金Funded by the Major Special Projects of Technological Innovation of Hubei Province(No.2017ACA168)the Open Fund Project of Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park of Wuhan University of Technology(No.2021KF0012)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021B1515120091)。
文摘To improve the controlled release ability,we prepared attapulgite into microspheres by spray drying.This research began with a thorough thermogravimetric analysis to optimize attapulgite's heat treatment for drug loading.By advanced spray drying,attapulgite was transformed into microspheres,refining its drug release characteristics.Various parameters were examined,achieving optimal particle size and morphology at 25%solid content,2.5%dispersant,and 3% binder.Attapulgite microspheres demonstrated exceptional encapsulation efficiency,exceeding 95% for doxorubicin hydrochloride,highlighting their versatility in drug delivery.FTIR and XRD were used to predict changes in material properties after spray drying.Notably,cytotoxicity tests confirmed the high biocompatibility of attapulgite microspheres,devoid of cell death induction.Attapulgite microsphere loaded with doxorubicin enable sustained drug release and maintain killing ability against tumor cells.This study confirms the viability of spray dried attapulgite microspheres for efficient drug loading and delivery and provides insights for innovative drug delivery systems that utilize the unique properties of attapulgite to advance therapeutics.
基金supported by Key Research and Development Program in Xizang Autonomous Region(XZ202301ZY0018N)Xizang Autonomous Region financial special project(XZCZ-SS-2024)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(22JR5RA463)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province(2023A0505050104)。
文摘Black wolfberry(Lycium ruthenicum)is enriched in phytochemical metabolites which can benefit human health.However,few studies have examined the effects of different fruit drying methods on its polyphenol content,antioxidant activity,and anti-inflammatory activity.In addition,whether and how consuming dried black wolfberry affects gut microbiota has not been reported.This study assessed the phytochemical profile and bioactivities of black wolfberry dried through different methods,and subsequently characterized changes in human fecal microbiota associated with freeze-dried black wolfberry in vitro.The results showed that freeze-dried samples retained higher total phenolics((49.68±1.62)mg GAE/g DM),tannins((38.64±1.35)mg GAE/g DM),and proanthocyanidins((3.35±0.30)mg/g DM)compared to sun drying or hot air drying(P<0.05),and exhibited higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.In human fecal inoculum bioreactor fermentations,freeze-dried black wolfberry was associated with increased species richness andα-diversity.At the genus level,fermentations treated with black wolfberry had a higher abundance of lactic acid bacteria including Lactococcus,Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Pediococcus,and Weissella,as well as butyrate-producing bacteria compared to the untreated samples,suggesting enrichment for taxa associated with a healthy gut microbiome.In addition,the black wolfberry treatment group had higher levels of short-chain fatty acids,which were consistent with PICRUSt2 inference.This study defines an optimal method for black wolfberry preservation to retain the beneficial compounds,and provides a foundation for further exploration of its potential benefits for human gut microbiota.
文摘The wood samples of 9 triploid clones of Populus tomentosa Carr. taken from a 9 year old clonal test site were analyzed in order to investigate the genetic variation of wood properties, including air dried wood density and some mechanical properties. The results showed that significant or extremely significant difference in air dried wood density and the mechanical properties existed among the clones, this means these wood properties were under moderate or strong genetic controls and could be improved by genetic manipulations. The radial and vertical variation patterns of air dried wood density were also studied and the results were found to coordinate with other previous research results. The vertical variation patterns of most mechanical properties within the individual tree also conformed to the general wood theories except the modulus of elasticity and cross section hardness. Among the mechanical properties, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and tangent section hardness were under strong genetic control, with the clonal repeatabilities being 0 90 and 0 80, respectively. However, the clonal repeatabilities of other mechanical properties under study were a little lower than above two indexes. Genetic correlation analysis indicated that super clonal selection and breeding for veneer timber could be realized through indirect selection of wood density and form indexes.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Foundation for Doctors in Qinghai Normal University~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to find out the optimal methods for extracting DNA from dried butterfly specimen.[Method]A total of five methods including SDS method,SDS-mercaptoethanol-phenol method,CTAB method,saturated NaCl method,SDS-mercaptoethanol-chloroform methods were employed to extract DNA from dried butterfly specimen.[Result]SDS-mercaptoethanol-phenol method,saturated NaCl method and SDS-mercaptoethanol-chloroform method were suitable for genomic DNA extraction from dried butterfly samples,and the DNA extracted can be successfully applied to the PCR amplification of butterfly mitochondrial COI,EF-1α and CytB genes.[Conclusion]SDS-mercaptoethanol-phenol method,saturated NaCl method and SDS-mercaptoethanol-chloroform method can be used to study the extraction of DNA from dried butterfly samples,which laid foundation for study on molecular phylogenetics of butterfly.
基金Foundation： National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40672108 Project of State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, CAS, No.SKLLQG0606
文摘By determining the earth moisture content of artificial forestland between 0 and 6 m deep in the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi province, the vertical change of moisture content, distribution and formation causes of a dried earth layer are researched. The results show that the average moisture content is 9.3%-9.5% between 2 and 4 m under artificial forest of over 10 year＇s growth in Guanzhong Plain, and chronic weak dried earth layers are developed which show that the dried earth layers are distributed extensively on the Loess Plateau. The southern boundary of the dried earth layer has reached the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains. When precipitation reaches 600 mm, there are weak dried earth layers between 2 and 4 m under artificial forest of more than 10 years old. When the precipitation is between 400 and 500 mm, there are moderate dried earth layers. When precipitation is above 800 mm, there are no dried earth layers. There are no dried earth layers under meadow land, corn land and less than 5 years old of artificial forestland in central and southern parts of the Loess Plateau. The development of dried earth layers under cypress forest is weaker than broad-leaved forest. Under the same climatic conditions, the development of dried earth layers under the loess tableland is nearly at the same level as the 2nd and 3rd river terrace. Dried earth layers developed in membrane water zone, and the buried depth is small and motion velocity is slow in the Loess Plateau, which is the direct water factor of the formation of the dried earth layer, while differences of tree age and tree species are the plant factors that consumed much moisture. From the depth of the gravity water and the membrane water in Guanzhong Plain, it is clear that the formation cause of dried earth layers is mainly due to natural factors. The dried layers generally develop in middle-aged artificial forestland that consumed too much moisture, which is the general character of earth moisture in subhumid and semiarid zones. The appearance of dried layers doesn＇t show that the forest doesn＇t develop in this area; this is depended on their development intensity. Artificial forest of Chinese poplar, locust tree and Chinese scholartree consuming less water can be planted in the areas where dried earth layer developed weakly, but can not be planted in the areas where dried earth layer developed intensely.
基金supported by the National Program for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of China (GJFP2016003 and GJFP2017003)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP)
文摘In this study, 15 mycotoxins were detected in 233 nut and dried fruit samples from China. The 15 mycotoxins included aflatoxins （AFs： AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2）, trichothecene toxins （TCs： T-2, ZEA, ENA, ENA1, ENB, ENB1 and BEA）, Alternaria toxins （ATs： TEN, AOH and AME） and ochratoxin A （OTA）. The mycotoxins were detected in 47.6% of the samples and all 15 of the mycotoxins were found. Two samples were positive for AFB1 and exceeded the maximum tolerable levels allowed in China. The contamination levels of the mycotoxins found in nuts, dried jujubes, raisins, dried figs and dried Iongans were in the ranges of 0.1-462.7, 0.2-247.3, 0.8-10.1,0.2-384.1 and 0.1-89.2 μg kg^-1, respectively. Dried figs （80.0%） had the highest incidence of mycotoxins, followed by dried Iongans （60.0%）, dried jujubes （57.1%）, nuts （43.6%） and raisins （26.7%）. The estimated daily intake （EDI） values of each individual mycotoxin and all of the mycotoxins collectively were calculated by both the deterministic approach （DA） and the probability approach （PA）. For risk characterization, dietary exposure to TCs, ATs and OTA through consumption of nuts and dried fruits according to both approaches, showed no health risk to Chinese adults by exposure to either individual mycotoxins or in combination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in which risk assessment of multimycotoxins is performed, specifically including the emerging ENNs and BEA, in nuts and dried fruits of China.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFA0900400)the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(Nos.21635006,31670373,21721005,21904099)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2018M642893)。
文摘Direct infusion mass spectrometry(DIMS) is a powerful technique in clinical diagnosis for screening neonatal amino acid metabolic disorders from dried blood spots(DBS).However,DIMS sometimes generated false-positive results for analysis of amino acids.In this work,we utilized a stable isotope derivatization method,combining with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(SID-LC-MS),to improve the specificity for screening amino acids in DBS specimens.A pair of isotope reagents,p-(dimethylamino)phenyl isothiocyanate(DMAP-NCS) and 4-isothiocyanato-N,N-bis(methyl-[2H2])aniline([2H4]DMAP-NCS),was synthesized and used to label amino acids in DBS specimens.The [2H4]DMAP-NCS labelled amino acid standards were used as internal standards to compensate the matrix effect.This method was validated by measuring linearity,recovery and accuracy.The results showed that the developed SID-LC-MS method can be used for sensitive and selective determination of 12 diagnostically important amino acids in DBS specimens.
基金This work was supported by a Start-up grant from CTAHR University of Hawaii at Manoa,and USDA Multistate(2052R)to B.M.Apart from providing funds,these organizations were not involved in any experimental procedure and manuscript preparation.
文摘Background:Heat stress is a significant problem in the poultry industry,causing a severe economic loss due to its detrimental effects on chickens’health and performance.Dried plum(DP)is a good source of minerals,vitamins,antioxidants,and phenolic compounds.Studies have suggested that DP has several health benefits,such as maintaining the body’s redox system,immune status,and calcium hemostasis.Based on the health benefits of DP,we hypothesized that the dietary supplementation of DP would alleviate the detrimental effects of heat stress on broiler chickens.Results:To test the hypothesis,day-old broiler chicks(n=72)were randomly allocated to three treatment groups(n=24/group):no heat stress(NHS),heat stress(HS),and heat stress with dried plum(HS+DP),and reared under standard conditions.The inclusion of 2.5%DP in the feed of the HS+DP group was made during the treatment period,while birds in other groups were provided with a standard finisher diet.After 21 days,birds in the HS and HS+DP groups were exposed to cyclic heat stress conditions(33℃ for 8 h during daytime)for 3 weeks,while those in the NHS group were reared under normal conditions(22-24℃).Weekly body weight and feed intake were recorded to calculate the average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI),and feed conversion ratio(FCR).Heat stress significantly decreased the final body weight,ADG,ADFI,and increased FCR compared to the NHS group,whereas dietary supplementation of DP significantly improved these growth performance parameters compared to the HS group.Furthermore,supplementation of DP significantly increased the expression of heat shock protein-related genes(HSF1,HSF3,HSP70,and HSP90),antioxidant-related genes(SOD1,SOD2,GPX1,GPX3,PRDX1,and TXN),tight junction-related genes(CLDN1,and OCLN),and immune-related genes(IL4,MUC2)in the ileum as compared to the HS group.The microbiota analysis showed significant enrichment of Bacillales,Christensenellaceae,Bacillaceae,Peptostreptococcaceae,and Anaerotruncus in heat-stressed birds supplemented with DP as compared to the HS group.Further,DP supplementation also significantly increased the concentration of acetate,propionate,and total VFA in the cecal digesta of the HS+DP group as compared to the HS group.Conclusion:These findings suggest that DP supplementation effectively improved the growth performances and gut health parameters in the heat-stressed birds.Thus,dried plum can be a potential feed supplement to mitigate heat stress in broiler chickens.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011BAD17B03)
文摘This study was carried out to determine the effect of replacement of forage fiber sources from alfalfa and Leymus chinensis with nonforage fiber sources（NFFS） from dried distillers grains with solubles and corn germ meal on calves growth, rumen development and blood parameters. 48 female and 12 male calves（（110.55±15.36） kg of body weight and 12 wk of age） were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments（15 calves/treatment） in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were： 0% NFFS（control）, 9% NFFS（group 1）, 18% NFFS（group 2）, 27% NFFS（group 3）, and contained equivalent neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients, respectively. The dry matter intake was similar among diets, averaging 3.33 kg d-1, and no differences were detected for body weight, withers height, body length and heart girth. In addition, the development of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum also were similar among diets. Dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities increased with the increasing levels of NFFS in the experimental diets, but had no significant effect. Blood urea nitrogen, total protein and glubulin were not affected by the dietary treatment, but group 3 resulted in the highest（P〈0.05） concentrations of glucose and the lowest（P〈0.05） concentrations of triglycerides and albumin. In conclusion, dried distillers grains with solubles（DDGS） and corn germ meal（CGM） were available and alternative fiber sources for Holstein calf diets.
基金The authors are grateful to the Natural Science Foundation of China(81225024)Collaborative Innovation Center of Southwest EthnicMedicine(Guangxi Normal University),(CICSEM 2013-A)+1 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2014ZX09301307-003)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSZD-EW-Z-004-03)for partial financial support。
文摘Six new indole alkaloids,named alstoniascholarines L–Q(1–6),together with nineteen known analogues were isolated from the inadequately dried leaves of Alstonia scholaris.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive analysis of spectroscopic data and by comparison of their physical and spectroscopic data with the literature values.In addition,the new alkaloids were tested for their cytotoxic and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities.
文摘Antioxidant activities of W and E extracts obtained from dried boxthorn (Lycium chinensis) fruit were measured based on DPPH radical scavenging and reducing powers, and their relationships with total phenolics, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity were investigated. A linear correlation among antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and flavonoid content was observed in concentration-dependent mode. Both extracts showed > 95% DPPH radical-scavenging activity and the higher reducing power of 3200 ppm at the same concentration. The antioxidant potential of both extracts were compared with those of commercial antioxidants such as BHA, BHT, TBHQ, ferulic acid, and α-tocopherol using H2O2 scavenging activity, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation, inhibition of hemolysis of rat erythrocyte induced by peroxyl radicals, and inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation using rat brain tissue. In the H2O2 scavenging activity, E extract showed a comparable significant antioxidant power, comparable to commercial antioxidants, and no signifi-cant difference (P > 0.05) was found between W and E extracts on inhibition of the linoleic acid peroxidation. Whereas W extract exhibited a significant power in the hemolysis of rat erythrocytes, none was observed in E extract. In the Fe-induced lipid peroxidation using rat brain tissue, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was found between both ex-tracts, showing a comparable activity with those of synthetic antioxidants. Both W and E extracts of dried boxthorn (Lycium chinensis) fruit may have a potential as natural antioxidants to replace synthetic antioxidants.
基金Dinesh Kumar is thankful to Department of Science&Technology(DST),New Delhi,for the financial support offered to this work(sanctioned vide project Sanction Order F.No.DST/TM/WTI/WIC/2K17/124(C)).
文摘Local fluoride contamination and bacterial infections in potable water have dangerous effects on the human body and are today a global concern.In this study,we have synthesized a pH-responsive bifunctional biopolymer nanocomposite(HAZ)of humic acid with incorporating aluminum zirconium bimetallic oxide by deep freeze–drying method.Fast nucleation and interconnection of nanoparticles form a highly porous network because of sublimation of frozen HAZ.This duo nanocomposite has efficiently worked for fluoride removal and showed potent antibacterial activity against the Escherichia coli Gram-negative and Staphylococcus aureus Gram-positive bacteria.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis demonstrates that the hydroxyl groups act as a pivot in the ion exchange process of adsorption,each element of bimetallic oxide primarily takes part in the adsorption mechanism.The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was 180.62 mg/g at pH seven.Thermodynamic parameters like Gibbs free energy change(△G0),entropy(△S0),and enthalpy(△H0)indicate that the process was endothermic,feasible,and taken place by a chemisorption mechanism.This is the first novel freeze–dried bifunctional biopolymer nanocomposite composed of humic acid natural polymer incorporated with Al–Zr metal oxide,and it exhibited three times higher adsorption efficacy with excellent antibacterial action at a concentration of 5μg/mL of the nanocomposite.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2018YFD0901004)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,YSFRI,CAFS (No.20603022020013).
文摘Dried shrimp is a popular aquatic food worldwide due to its unique flavor.However,its flavor qualities on the market remain uneven.This study aimed to compare flavor substances in dried shrimp processed by Litopenaeus vannamei from two aquaculture patterns(earthen pond and greenhouse)using amino acid automatic analyzer,high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),gas chromatography(GC)-ion mobility spectrometry(IMS),and GC-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results revealed that dried shrimp from earthen pond had significantly higher free amino acids and 5’-nucleotides than those from greenhouse(P<0.05),and their corresponding equivalent umami concentrations(EUCs)were 23.45 g MSG(100 g)^(−1)and 14.86 g MSG(100 g)^(−1),respectively.For volatile compounds,GC-IMS analysis indicated significant differences in volatile compounds between dried shrimp from different aquaculture patterns.According to the quantitative analysis of GC-MS,11 volatile compounds were identified as aroma-active compounds(AACs),of which six AACs(1-octen-3-ol,3-methylbutanal,nonanal,trimethylamine,2,5-dimethylpyrazine,and 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine)were found in all dried shrimp samples.Although dried shrimp from greenhouse possesses higher OAVs,OAVs of(E,E)-2,4-nonadienal(fishy smell),and 3,5-diethyl-2-methylpyrazine(burnt smell)reached 171.2 and 333 respectively,imparting negative effects on flavor.In general,dried shrimp from earthen pond had a better flavor profile than those from greenhouse.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(Grant No.YQ2020E009).
文摘Exploring high-performance soft actuators from biomass resources is significant for developing eco-friendly smart devices.Dried bonito(DB)flake is a common food as well as a biomass material,and it can produce irregular motion in changed moisture,just like dancing.Inspired by this intriguing phenomenon,a cost-effective,biocom patible,and biodegradable moisture-responsive DB film actuator with a gradient structure is developed.The DB film actuator exhibits rapid and reversible bending deformation triggered by a humidity gradient with a high bending speed(40°s-1)and a maximum bending angle(180°).More-over,the DB film actuator shows large bending deformation(-71°to+51°)with a high actuation force(214.7 Pa)in response to changes in relative humidity.Furthermore,the actuation performance can be also tuned by adjusting the thickness of the film.Potential applications of this actuator,including smart grippers,crawling robots,and biomimetic flowers for visible humidity sensing,are demonstrated.More importantly,smart sweat-responsive wearables that automatically deform to promote sweat evaporation and convection during exercise are constructed based on the actuator,making it promising for adaptive personal thermal management.This work offers an easily processable,cost-effective,and environmentally benign strategy to construct moisture-responsive actuators for future eco-friendly smart devices.
文摘AIM To detect chronic hepatitis B(CHB),chronic hepatitis C(CHC) and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infections in dried blood spot(DBS) and compare these samples to venous blood sampling in real-life.METHODS We included prospective patients with known viral infections from drug treatment centers,a prison and outpatient clinics and included blood donors as negative controls. Five drops of finger capillary blood were spotted on filter paper,and a venous blood sample was obtained. The samples were analyzed for HBs Ag,antiHBc,anti-HBs,anti-HCV,and anti-HIV levels as well as subjected to a combined nucleic acid test(NAT) for HBV DNA,HCV RNA and HIV RNA.RESULTS Samples from 404 subjects were screened(85 CHB,116 CHC,114 HIV and 99 blood donors). DBS had a sensitivity of > 96% and a specificity of > 98% for the detection of all three infections. NAT testing did not improve sensitivity,but correctly classified 95% of the anti-HCV-positive patients with chronic and past infections. Anti-HBc and anti-HBS showed low sensitivity in DBS(68% and 42%).CONCLUSION DBS sampling,combined with an automated analysis system,is a feasible screening method to diagnose chronic viral hepatitis and HIV infections outside of the health care system.
文摘One dimensional and triaxial compression tests of air-dried and oven-dried Fujinomori clay and Pisa clay were carried out. Water content is less than 4.5% and 1.0% for air-dried and oven-dried clay specimens, respectively. In all tests, axial strain rate was changed stepwise many times and drained creep tests were performed several times during monotonic loading at a constant strain rate. Global unloading (and also reloading in some tests) was applied during which creep loading tests were performed several times. Cyclic loading with small stress amplitude and several cycles was also performed to calculate the modulus of elasticity of the clay in tests. Local displacement transducer was used in triaxial compression test to increase measuring accuracy of axial strain. The results show that air-dried and oven-dried clay have noticeable viscous properties; during global unloading, creep deformation changes from positive to negative, i.e. there exist neutral points (zero creep deformation or no creep deformation point) in global unloading part of strain-stress curve; viscous property of Fujinomori clay decreases when water content decreases, i.e. viscous property of air-dried Fujinomori clay is more significant than that of oven-dried Fujinomori clay.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(award No:31402101)the“One Belt and One Road”Technical Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province(award No:BZ2018055)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(award No:CX(19)3023).
文摘Background:Diet has a profound impact on the rumen microbiota,and the impact can vary among the different rumen ecological niches(REN).This study investigated the effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal(SBM)with dried distillers grains with solubles(DDGS)on the rumen microbiota occupying different REN of growing Hu lambs.After a 9-week feeding trial,6 lambs from each dietary treatment(SBM vs.DDGS-based diets)were slaughtered for sample collection.The microbiota of the rumen solid,liquid,and epithelium fractions was examined using amplicon sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene,functional prediction,and qPCR.Results:No interaction of dietary protein source(PS)and REN were detected for virtually all the measurements made in this study.The DDGS substitution resulted in very limited influence on bacterial community structure.However,the metabolic pathways predicted from 16S rRNA gene sequences varied greatly between SBM-and DDGS-based diets.The populations of rumen total bacteria,fungi,sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB),and methanogens were not influenced by DDGS substitution,but the population of protozoa was reduced.The bacterial communities in rumen solid(RS)and liquid(RL)were similar in taxonomic composition but were different in relative abundance of some taxa.In contrast,the bacterial composition and relative abundance of rumen epithelium(RE)were greatly distinct from those of the RS and the RL.In alignment with the bacterial relative abundance,the metabolic pathways predicted from 16S rRNA genes also varied greatly among the different REN.The populations of total bacteria,protozoa,and methanogens attached to the RE were smaller than those in the RS and RL,and the fungal population on the rumen epitheliumwas smaller than that in the RS but similar to that in the RL.On the contrary,the SRB population on the RE was greater than that in the RS and RL.Conclusions:Substitution of SBM with DDGS had greater impact to the protozoa than to the other microbes,and the microbial community structure and functions at different REN are distinct and niche-adapted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82173782 and 32160234)the Science and Technology Development Project,Education Department of Jilin Province of China(Grant No.:JJKH20191151KJ).
文摘In recent years,scientific researchers have increasingly become interested in noninvasive sampling methods for therapeutic drug monitoring and disease diagnosis.As a result,dried saliva spot(DSS),which is a sampling technique for collecting dried saliva samples,has been widely used as an alternative matrix to serum for the detection of target molecules.Coupling the DSS method with a highly sensitive detection instrument improves the efficiency of the preparation and analysis of biological samples.Furthermore,dried blood spots,dried plasma spots,and dried matrix spots,which are similar to those of the DSS method,are discussed.Compared with alternative biological fluids used in dried spot methods,including serum,tears,urine,and plasma,saliva has the advantage of convenience in terms of sample collection from children or persons with disabilities.This review aims to provide integral strategies and guidelines for dried spot methods to analyze biological samples by illustrating several dried spot methods.Herein,we summarize recent advancements in DSS methods from June 2014 to March 2021 and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the key aspects of this method,including sample preparation and method validation.Finally,we outline the challenges and prospects of such methods in practical applications.
