This paper proposes a calculator for estimation of drawbar pull supplied bymechanical front wheel drive tractor based on nominal input variable of tractor drivingmode in two-wheel drive(2WD)and four-wheel drive(4WD),a...This paper proposes a calculator for estimation of drawbar pull supplied bymechanical front wheel drive tractor based on nominal input variable of tractor drivingmode in two-wheel drive(2WD)and four-wheel drive(4WD),and numeral input variables of tractor weight(53.04–78.45 kN)and slip of driving wheels(1.4–15.1%)utilizing intelligent fuzzy systems.The systemswere developed bymeans of various input membership functions,output membership functions,defuzzification methods,and training cycles.The prominent developed system for estimation of the drawbar pull yielded a user-friendly intelligent fuzzy calculator with admissible accuracy(coefficient of determination=0.993).Data obtained from the calculator revealed increasing nonlinear trend of the drawbar pull in range of 12.9–57.5 kN as concurrent augment of slip of the wheels and tractor weight,for 2WD mode.In case of the 4WD mode,it nonlinearly raised from 12.8 to 77.7 kN.Therefore,effect of the slip and weight on the drawbar pull was found synergetic.Moreover,the drawbar pull ranges elucidated that the drawbar pull proliferated as the 4WD mode was employed rather than the 2WD mode.Generally,benchmark of the prominent developed intelligent fuzzy system,not only provide simple calculator with the widest applicability for different tractormodels,but also produces added values in enrichment of realization level in domain of tractor drawbar pull concepts.展开更多
Good understanding of relationship between parameters of vehicle, terrain and interaction at the interface is required to develop effective navigation and motion control algorithms for autonomous wheeled mobile robots...Good understanding of relationship between parameters of vehicle, terrain and interaction at the interface is required to develop effective navigation and motion control algorithms for autonomous wheeled mobile robots （AWMR） in rough terrain. A model and analysis of relationship among wheel slippage （S）, rotation angle （0）, sinkage （z） and wheel radius （r） are presented. It is found that wheel rotation angle, sinkage and radius have some influence on wheel slippage. A multi-objective optimization problem with slippage as utility function was formulated and solved in MATLAB. The results reveal the optimal values of wheel-terrain parameters required to achieve optimum slippage on dry sandy terrain. A method of slippage estimation for a five-wheeled mobile robot was presented through comparing the odometric measurements of the powered wheels with those of the fifth non-powered wheel. The experimental result shows that this method is feasible and can be used for online slippage estimation in a sandy terrain.展开更多
文摘This paper proposes a calculator for estimation of drawbar pull supplied bymechanical front wheel drive tractor based on nominal input variable of tractor drivingmode in two-wheel drive(2WD)and four-wheel drive(4WD),and numeral input variables of tractor weight(53.04–78.45 kN)and slip of driving wheels(1.4–15.1%)utilizing intelligent fuzzy systems.The systemswere developed bymeans of various input membership functions,output membership functions,defuzzification methods,and training cycles.The prominent developed system for estimation of the drawbar pull yielded a user-friendly intelligent fuzzy calculator with admissible accuracy(coefficient of determination=0.993).Data obtained from the calculator revealed increasing nonlinear trend of the drawbar pull in range of 12.9–57.5 kN as concurrent augment of slip of the wheels and tractor weight,for 2WD mode.In case of the 4WD mode,it nonlinearly raised from 12.8 to 77.7 kN.Therefore,effect of the slip and weight on the drawbar pull was found synergetic.Moreover,the drawbar pull ranges elucidated that the drawbar pull proliferated as the 4WD mode was employed rather than the 2WD mode.Generally,benchmark of the prominent developed intelligent fuzzy system,not only provide simple calculator with the widest applicability for different tractormodels,but also produces added values in enrichment of realization level in domain of tractor drawbar pull concepts.
基金Project(60775060) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(F200801) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China+1 种基金Project(200802171053,20102304110006) supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of ChinaProject(2012RFXXG059) supported by Harbin Science and Technology Innovation Talents Special Fund,China
文摘Good understanding of relationship between parameters of vehicle, terrain and interaction at the interface is required to develop effective navigation and motion control algorithms for autonomous wheeled mobile robots （AWMR） in rough terrain. A model and analysis of relationship among wheel slippage （S）, rotation angle （0）, sinkage （z） and wheel radius （r） are presented. It is found that wheel rotation angle, sinkage and radius have some influence on wheel slippage. A multi-objective optimization problem with slippage as utility function was formulated and solved in MATLAB. The results reveal the optimal values of wheel-terrain parameters required to achieve optimum slippage on dry sandy terrain. A method of slippage estimation for a five-wheeled mobile robot was presented through comparing the odometric measurements of the powered wheels with those of the fifth non-powered wheel. The experimental result shows that this method is feasible and can be used for online slippage estimation in a sandy terrain.
