Objective: to explore the application value of continuous negative pressure drainage technology in the nursing of patients with severe limb trauma. Methods: a total of 92 patients with severe limb trauma were included...Objective: to explore the application value of continuous negative pressure drainage technology in the nursing of patients with severe limb trauma. Methods: a total of 92 patients with severe limb trauma were included in this study, which were randomly divided into different groups (control, test), with 46 patients in each group. The initial date was chosen in January 2020. The final deadline is December 2020.20. The control group was given routine nursing, and the experimental group was carried out continuous negative pressure drainage technology nursing on this basis, and the data results were compared. Results: after nursing, the wound healing time and hospitalization time of the experimental group were shorter than that of the other group (P < 0.05);After nursing, visual analog scale (VAS) of the experimental group was better than that of the other group (P < 0.05), and the results were different. Conclusion: continuous negative pressure drainage has a good application value in this patient, which can relieve the pain and shorten the hospital stay.展开更多
Under the background of the rapid development of the national economy, the role of expressways in transportation is becoming more and more important. And people have higher and higher requirements for the construction...Under the background of the rapid development of the national economy, the role of expressways in transportation is becoming more and more important. And people have higher and higher requirements for the construction of expressways. The overall construction quality of the expressway is related to everyone's safety. The subgrade of the expressway will be affected by various factors, and will collapse when it is serious. The erosion of surface water will reduce the bearing capacity of the subgrade, thus shortening the service life of the expressway. Based on the study of domestic and foreign practical experience of highway construction, this paper summarizes the practical problems existing in highway subgrade construction, and sorts out the common technical key points of road construction, hoping to provide reference for future road construction in our country.展开更多
In recent years, urban waterlogging has occurred frequently, which has greatly affected and destroyed traffic safety, urban sanitation and urban ecosystem, and also caused serious economic losses. One of the main reas...In recent years, urban waterlogging has occurred frequently, which has greatly affected and destroyed traffic safety, urban sanitation and urban ecosystem, and also caused serious economic losses. One of the main reasons for urban waterlogging is the irrationality of urban drainage system. However, due to the strong concealment of municipal drainage pipeline engineering, it will be difficult to carry out timely maintenance if problems occur, and the quality problems in the construction process are easily concealed, leaving hidden dangers for later operation, thus bringing inconvenience to residents daily life. Therefore, it is particularly important to pay more attention to the construction of drainage pipes, strictly check and accept the construction of drainage pipes, and study the quality risk factors of municipal drainage pipes to prevent problems before they happen.展开更多
Expressway subgrade is obviously affected by water accumulation. When subgrade design and construction are unreasonable, a large amount of water will permeate downward through the pavement, which will not only destroy...Expressway subgrade is obviously affected by water accumulation. When subgrade design and construction are unreasonable, a large amount of water will permeate downward through the pavement, which will not only destroy the integrity of the pavement, but also directly reduce the stability of the subgrade and affect the safety of the highway. In highway construction, the application of subgrade and pavement drainage construction technology should be strengthened to improve the overall drainage effect of subgrade and pavement. Therefore, in this paper, based on the background of actual engineering cases, we simply analyze and discuss the precast drainage channel technology of the expressway embankment slope for reference.展开更多
There are abundant natural gas resources in the marine shale gas reservoir of Middle Ordovician Wulalike Formation in the Ordos Basin,which is an important resource base for PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company to in...There are abundant natural gas resources in the marine shale gas reservoir of Middle Ordovician Wulalike Formation in the Ordos Basin,which is an important resource base for PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company to increase the reserves and production of oil and gas.Compared with the other shale gas reservoirs at home and aboard,however,the marine shale gas reservoir of Middle Ordovician Wulalike Formation in the Ordos Basin has a lower formation pressure coefficient and poorer reservoir physical properties and gas-bearing property,so its production increase difficulty is higher.In this paper,horizontal-well volume fracturing was studied and tested based on the earlier vertical well tests.According to the technical idea of the staged multi-cluster massive fracturing of long horizontal section,the propagation mechanisms and morphological characteristics of fractures were studied and analyzed based on the fracturing geological characteristics of the shale gas reservoir in the Ordos Basin.On this basis,a full three-dimensional fracture model was optimally established for parameter optimization.The fracturing of the test well ZP1 was carried out with 15 stages and 103 clusters.After the fracturing,a more complex fracture network was formed with a fracture complexity index of 0.4-0.6.The microseismic monitoring zone is 579 m long and 266 m wide and the fracture is 146 m high.To address the drainage difficulty after large-volume fracturing of low-pressure shale gas in the Ordos Basin,this paper carries out a gas energized fracturing test.Considering the characteristics of reservoir physical properties,gas-bearing property and segmented fractures,805 m3 liquid nitrogen was injected in stages during the fracturing of the test horizontal well.The formation pressure coefficient measured from pressure buildup data is increased from 0.7 to 0.8 to 1.88.The wellbore gaseliquid flow model was established and the parameters of long-period controlpressure drainage were optimized.The critical surface equipment was upgraded to achieve accurate measurement,safety and environmental protection.And the following research and practice results were obtained.First,based on the technological innovation and optimization,continuous gaseliquid two-phase flow is realized in the test well ZP1 and its production rate and pressure during the test are stable with the tested daily shale gas production at the wellhead of 6.42×10^(4)m^(3).Second,after fracturing,the absolute open flow of the test well reaches 26.4×10^(4)m^(3)/d,which is more than 10 times higher than the production rate of the vertical well in the same block during the test.Thus,a significant breakthrough is realized in the exploration of marine shale gas in North China.展开更多
The presence of seam gas in the form of methane or carbon dioxide presents a hazard to underground coal mining operations.In-seam drilling has been undertaken for the past three decades for gas drainage to reduce the ...The presence of seam gas in the form of methane or carbon dioxide presents a hazard to underground coal mining operations.In-seam drilling has been undertaken for the past three decades for gas drainage to reduce the risk of gas outburst and lower the concentrations of seam gas in the underground ventilation.The drilling practices have reflected the standards of the times and have evolved with the development of technology and equipment and the needs to provide a safe mining environment underground.Early practice was to adapt equipment from other felds,with rotary drilling being the only form of drilling available.This form of drainage allowed various levels of gas drainage coverage but with changing emphasis,research and development within the coal industry has created specifc equipment,technology and practices to accurately place in-seam boreholes to provide effcient and effective gas drainage.Research into gas content determination established a standard for the process and safe levels for mining operations to continue.Surveying technology improved from the wire-line,single-shot Eastman survey instruments which was time-dependent on borehole depth to electronic instruments located in the drill string which transmitted accurate survey data to the drilling crew without time delays.This allowed improved directional control and increased drilling rates.Directional drilling technology has now been established as the industry standard to provide effective gas drainage drilling.Exploration was identifed as an additional beneft with directional drilling as it has the ability to provide exploration data from long boreholes.The ability of the technology to provide safe and reliable means to investigate the need for inrush protection and water drainage ahead of mining has been established.Directional drilling technology has now been introduced to the Chinese coal industry for gas drainage through a practice of auditing,design,supply,training and ongoing support.Experienced drilling crews can offer site specifc gas drainage drilling services utilising the latest equipment and technology.展开更多
文摘Objective: to explore the application value of continuous negative pressure drainage technology in the nursing of patients with severe limb trauma. Methods: a total of 92 patients with severe limb trauma were included in this study, which were randomly divided into different groups (control, test), with 46 patients in each group. The initial date was chosen in January 2020. The final deadline is December 2020.20. The control group was given routine nursing, and the experimental group was carried out continuous negative pressure drainage technology nursing on this basis, and the data results were compared. Results: after nursing, the wound healing time and hospitalization time of the experimental group were shorter than that of the other group (P < 0.05);After nursing, visual analog scale (VAS) of the experimental group was better than that of the other group (P < 0.05), and the results were different. Conclusion: continuous negative pressure drainage has a good application value in this patient, which can relieve the pain and shorten the hospital stay.
文摘Under the background of the rapid development of the national economy, the role of expressways in transportation is becoming more and more important. And people have higher and higher requirements for the construction of expressways. The overall construction quality of the expressway is related to everyone's safety. The subgrade of the expressway will be affected by various factors, and will collapse when it is serious. The erosion of surface water will reduce the bearing capacity of the subgrade, thus shortening the service life of the expressway. Based on the study of domestic and foreign practical experience of highway construction, this paper summarizes the practical problems existing in highway subgrade construction, and sorts out the common technical key points of road construction, hoping to provide reference for future road construction in our country.
文摘In recent years, urban waterlogging has occurred frequently, which has greatly affected and destroyed traffic safety, urban sanitation and urban ecosystem, and also caused serious economic losses. One of the main reasons for urban waterlogging is the irrationality of urban drainage system. However, due to the strong concealment of municipal drainage pipeline engineering, it will be difficult to carry out timely maintenance if problems occur, and the quality problems in the construction process are easily concealed, leaving hidden dangers for later operation, thus bringing inconvenience to residents daily life. Therefore, it is particularly important to pay more attention to the construction of drainage pipes, strictly check and accept the construction of drainage pipes, and study the quality risk factors of municipal drainage pipes to prevent problems before they happen.
文摘Expressway subgrade is obviously affected by water accumulation. When subgrade design and construction are unreasonable, a large amount of water will permeate downward through the pavement, which will not only destroy the integrity of the pavement, but also directly reduce the stability of the subgrade and affect the safety of the highway. In highway construction, the application of subgrade and pavement drainage construction technology should be strengthened to improve the overall drainage effect of subgrade and pavement. Therefore, in this paper, based on the background of actual engineering cases, we simply analyze and discuss the precast drainage channel technology of the expressway embankment slope for reference.
基金Project supported by the National Major Science and Technology Project“Development Demonstration Project of Large-scale Low-permeability Lithologic-Stratigraphic Reservoirs in the Ordos Basin”(No.2016ZX05050)。
文摘There are abundant natural gas resources in the marine shale gas reservoir of Middle Ordovician Wulalike Formation in the Ordos Basin,which is an important resource base for PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company to increase the reserves and production of oil and gas.Compared with the other shale gas reservoirs at home and aboard,however,the marine shale gas reservoir of Middle Ordovician Wulalike Formation in the Ordos Basin has a lower formation pressure coefficient and poorer reservoir physical properties and gas-bearing property,so its production increase difficulty is higher.In this paper,horizontal-well volume fracturing was studied and tested based on the earlier vertical well tests.According to the technical idea of the staged multi-cluster massive fracturing of long horizontal section,the propagation mechanisms and morphological characteristics of fractures were studied and analyzed based on the fracturing geological characteristics of the shale gas reservoir in the Ordos Basin.On this basis,a full three-dimensional fracture model was optimally established for parameter optimization.The fracturing of the test well ZP1 was carried out with 15 stages and 103 clusters.After the fracturing,a more complex fracture network was formed with a fracture complexity index of 0.4-0.6.The microseismic monitoring zone is 579 m long and 266 m wide and the fracture is 146 m high.To address the drainage difficulty after large-volume fracturing of low-pressure shale gas in the Ordos Basin,this paper carries out a gas energized fracturing test.Considering the characteristics of reservoir physical properties,gas-bearing property and segmented fractures,805 m3 liquid nitrogen was injected in stages during the fracturing of the test horizontal well.The formation pressure coefficient measured from pressure buildup data is increased from 0.7 to 0.8 to 1.88.The wellbore gaseliquid flow model was established and the parameters of long-period controlpressure drainage were optimized.The critical surface equipment was upgraded to achieve accurate measurement,safety and environmental protection.And the following research and practice results were obtained.First,based on the technological innovation and optimization,continuous gaseliquid two-phase flow is realized in the test well ZP1 and its production rate and pressure during the test are stable with the tested daily shale gas production at the wellhead of 6.42×10^(4)m^(3).Second,after fracturing,the absolute open flow of the test well reaches 26.4×10^(4)m^(3)/d,which is more than 10 times higher than the production rate of the vertical well in the same block during the test.Thus,a significant breakthrough is realized in the exploration of marine shale gas in North China.
文摘The presence of seam gas in the form of methane or carbon dioxide presents a hazard to underground coal mining operations.In-seam drilling has been undertaken for the past three decades for gas drainage to reduce the risk of gas outburst and lower the concentrations of seam gas in the underground ventilation.The drilling practices have reflected the standards of the times and have evolved with the development of technology and equipment and the needs to provide a safe mining environment underground.Early practice was to adapt equipment from other felds,with rotary drilling being the only form of drilling available.This form of drainage allowed various levels of gas drainage coverage but with changing emphasis,research and development within the coal industry has created specifc equipment,technology and practices to accurately place in-seam boreholes to provide effcient and effective gas drainage.Research into gas content determination established a standard for the process and safe levels for mining operations to continue.Surveying technology improved from the wire-line,single-shot Eastman survey instruments which was time-dependent on borehole depth to electronic instruments located in the drill string which transmitted accurate survey data to the drilling crew without time delays.This allowed improved directional control and increased drilling rates.Directional drilling technology has now been established as the industry standard to provide effective gas drainage drilling.Exploration was identifed as an additional beneft with directional drilling as it has the ability to provide exploration data from long boreholes.The ability of the technology to provide safe and reliable means to investigate the need for inrush protection and water drainage ahead of mining has been established.Directional drilling technology has now been introduced to the Chinese coal industry for gas drainage through a practice of auditing,design,supply,training and ongoing support.Experienced drilling crews can offer site specifc gas drainage drilling services utilising the latest equipment and technology.
