The crux of this paper is based on the pattern drafting of woven fabrics. It is necessary because many textile designers or weavers cannot generate and develop their personal pattern drafts for weaving. It is obvious ...The crux of this paper is based on the pattern drafting of woven fabrics. It is necessary because many textile designers or weavers cannot generate and develop their personal pattern drafts for weaving. It is obvious that they mainly copy other people’s designs to weave. This paper therefore has provided an easy and simple way to learn, focus and develop their original designs to weave. The practical production method is used to create, generate and develop the pattern drafts in this paper. The paper focuses on the components of the pattern draft which will surely help to forecast and have a view of the appearance of the design before it is woven on the cloth. In conclusion, the weaver will be able to record and document his/her original works for posterity.展开更多
In recent years,fast charging develops by leaps and bounds and growth rate is doubling.It is expected to be the biggest growth point in the market of consumer electronic accessories in the future.However,different fas...In recent years,fast charging develops by leaps and bounds and growth rate is doubling.It is expected to be the biggest growth point in the market of consumer electronic accessories in the future.However,different fast charging standards made by enterprises have troubled consumers.To this end,展开更多
The value of form factor k at different drafts is important in predicting full-scale total resistance and speed for different types of ships. In the ITTC community, most organizations predict form factor k using a low...The value of form factor k at different drafts is important in predicting full-scale total resistance and speed for different types of ships. In the ITTC community, most organizations predict form factor k using a low-speed model test. However, this method is problematic for ships with bulbous bows and transom. In this article, a Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)-based method is introduced to obtain k for different type of ships at different drafts, and a comparison is made between the CFD method and the model test. The results show that the CFD method produces reasonable k values. A grid generating method and turbulence model are briefly discussed in the context of obtaining a consistent k using CFD.展开更多
The draft ratios for sizing the reservoirs can vary within a wide range (40% - 90% of the mean annual flow, MAF), depending upon the demands for water by various users, and environmental and ecological considerations....The draft ratios for sizing the reservoirs can vary within a wide range (40% - 90% of the mean annual flow, MAF), depending upon the demands for water by various users, and environmental and ecological considerations. The reservoir volumes based on the drought magnitude (DM) method were assessed at aforesaid draft ratios using monthly-standardized hydrological index (SHI) sequences of 10 Canadian rivers located in the Canadian prairies and northwestern Ontario. These rivers are typified by a high level of persistence lag-1 autocorrelation, ρ<sub>1m</sub> ≥ 0.50 and up to 0.94) and coefficient of variation (cv<sub>o</sub>) in the range of 0.42 to 1.48. The moving average (MA) smoothing of monthly SHI sequences formed the basis of the DM method for estimating reservoir volumes. The truncation or cutoff level in the SHI sequences was found as SHI<sub>x</sub> [=(α - 1)μ<sub>o</sub>/σ<sub>o</sub>], [(α - 1)μ<sub>o</sub>/σ<sub>max</sub>], or [(α - 1)μ<sub>o</sub>/σ<sub>av</sub>], where α (=0.40 to 0.90) is the draft ratio i.e. proportion of the MAF, μ<sub>o</sub> and σ<sub>o</sub> are the overall mean and standard deviation of the monthly flows, σ<sub>max</sub> is the maximum value of standard deviations and σ<sub>av</sub> the average of 12 monthly values. The failure probability levels (PF) were fixed at 5%, 2.5% and 0% (corresponding reliability of 95%, 97.5% and 100%). The study revealed that the coefficient of variation is the most important parameter that influences the reservoir size while the role of lag-1 autocorrelation (ρ<sub>1m</sub>) appears more pronounced at high draft ratios, α such as 0.90, 0.80 and 0.70 in increasing the reservoir size. The DM based method can be regarded as an alternative to Behavior analysis for sizing reservoirs at the desired probability of failure or reliability level.展开更多
As it’s known to all,language is produced before written words,and speeches are also produced before speech drafts.Speech is not a simple oral expression,but a kind of language art.Many masterpieces that have been ha...As it’s known to all,language is produced before written words,and speeches are also produced before speech drafts.Speech is not a simple oral expression,but a kind of language art.Many masterpieces that have been handed down for thousands of years are based on reason and emotion,making use of true feelings to move broad masses of readers.However,in the current speech drafts writing,there are many problems,such as empty content,rigid form and affectation,which can not meet the multi-level needs of contemporary social discourse scenes.Therefore,this paper takes the“emotional points”as the starting point,and discusses it from different aspects on the basis of expounding its concept and history.At the same time,this paper briefly analyses the prospects and outlets of emotional points design in the current speech drafts writing.展开更多
Different from the existing CFD-DEM models in which the ship remains stationary,a CFD-DEM model with the ship in forward motion is proposed in this paper to simulate the process of a ship sailing across pack ice area ...Different from the existing CFD-DEM models in which the ship remains stationary,a CFD-DEM model with the ship in forward motion is proposed in this paper to simulate the process of a ship sailing across pack ice area at a forward speed under different drafts.A high-precision method for generating pack ice area on the undisturbed free surface that can be used in conjunction with the proposed model is introduced.Taking an ice-strengthened Panamax bulker as study object,the available model test results are used to verify the reliability of the proposed model,which shows that the model can effectively evaluate the resistance performance and simulate the ship-ice-water interaction.Based on the verified model,the ice resistances on different parts of the hull are first investigated,which reveals that the ice resistance of the bow is most significant,while those of the midship and stern are negligible.Then,the speed dependence of ice resistance under different drafts is studied.It shows a strong nonlinearity under shallow draft,while the nonlinearity gradually weakens as the draft increases.Finally,the proportions of ice resistance and open-water resistance in the total resistance under different drafts and ship speeds are discussed.展开更多
The Arctic region is experiencing accelerated sea ice melt and increased iceberg detachment from glaciers due to climate change.These drifting icebergs present a risk and engineering challenge for subsea installations...The Arctic region is experiencing accelerated sea ice melt and increased iceberg detachment from glaciers due to climate change.These drifting icebergs present a risk and engineering challenge for subsea installations traversing shallow waters,where ice-berg keels may reach the seabed,potentially damaging subsea structures.Consequently,costly and time-intensive iceberg manage-ment operations,such as towing and rerouting,are undertaken to safeguard subsea and offshore infrastructure.This study,therefore,explores the application of extra tree regression(ETR)as a robust solution for estimating iceberg draft,particularly in the preliminary phases of decision-making for iceberg management projects.Nine ETR models were developed using parameters influencing iceberg draft.Subsequent analyses identified the most effective models and significant input variables.Uncertainty analysis revealed that the superior ETR model tended to overestimate iceberg drafts;however,it achieved the highest precision,correlation,and simplicity in estimation.Comparison with decision tree regression,random forest regression,and empirical methods confirmed the superior perfor-mance of ETR in predicting iceberg drafts.展开更多
In order to study influences of geometric parameters on the T-shaped components local loading process, a new mathematical model considering the fillet radius and draft angle was established by using the slab method. T...In order to study influences of geometric parameters on the T-shaped components local loading process, a new mathematical model considering the fillet radius and draft angle was established by using the slab method. The results obtained by the mathematical model agree with the data form experiment and numerical simulation, and the results are closer to the experimental and simulation results. The influence of draft angle may be neglected under the forming conditions used. The influence of fillet radius is notable, especially in the case that the ratio of fillet radius to rib width is less than 0.75.展开更多
Next-generation sequencing(NGS) technologies have made high-throughput sequencing available to medium- and small-size laboratories, culminating in a tidal wave of genomic information. The quantity of sequenced bacteri...Next-generation sequencing(NGS) technologies have made high-throughput sequencing available to medium- and small-size laboratories, culminating in a tidal wave of genomic information. The quantity of sequenced bacterial genomes has not only brought excitement to the field of genomics but also heightened expectations that NGS would boost antibacterial discovery and vaccine development. Although many possible drug and vaccine targets have been discovered, the success rate of genome-based analysis has remained below expectations. Furthermore, NGS has had consequences for genome quality, resulting in an exponential increase in draft(partial data) genome deposits in public databases. If no further interests are expressed for a particular bacterial genome, it is more likely that the sequencing of its genome will be limited to a draft stage, and the painstaking tasks of completing the sequencing of its genome and annotation will not be undertaken. It is important to know what is lost when we settle for a draft genome and to determine the "scientific value" of a newly sequenced genome. This review addresses the expected impact of newly sequenced genomes on antibacterial discovery and vaccinology. Also, it discusses the factors that could be leading to the increase in the number of draft deposits and the consequent loss of relevant biological information.展开更多
我国法律英译有个老毛病,即“shall”之滥用——当“shall”固"shall”,不当“shall”亦“shall”。这后一种“shall”,即“shall”滥用症的病毒,由于法律英译工作的开展,由报刊至出版社的单行本,由出版单位的单行本而发展到由立...我国法律英译有个老毛病,即“shall”之滥用——当“shall”固"shall”,不当“shall”亦“shall”。这后一种“shall”,即“shall”滥用症的病毒,由于法律英译工作的开展,由报刊至出版社的单行本,由出版单位的单行本而发展到由立法机关主其事的英译法律汇编,如The Laws of the People’s Republic of China(1979—1982及1987)(以下简称两卷本),蔓延更广,侵害我国法律英译文的机体,损害我国法律的国际形象,再也不能等闲视之了。 执笔至此,自责之感油然而生——笔者自身原来正是开国以来国内最早培养并传播“shall”病毒的先锋队的一名积极分子哩——深感责任重大,深省今是而昨非。展开更多
To study the draft sensation distribution of an air jet supply system in a large space building in summer,experiments are conducted in a large laboratory.The temperature,velocity and draft sensation distributions at a...To study the draft sensation distribution of an air jet supply system in a large space building in summer,experiments are conducted in a large laboratory.The temperature,velocity and draft sensation distributions at a nozzle height of 4 m in the occupied zone are obtained.Then,the numerical simulation under the test condition is carried out by the computational fluid dynamics（CFD）method.The calculation results of the indoor vertical temperature and the draft sensation distribution are validated by the test data.Simulations with different nozzle heights are conducted.The satisfactory air supply condition is determined by analyzing the draft sensations and the temperatures in the occupied zone under three conditions.The simulation results show that the optimal draft sensation distribution and the uniform temperature and velocity fields can be obtained at a nozzle height of 5 m.展开更多
文摘The crux of this paper is based on the pattern drafting of woven fabrics. It is necessary because many textile designers or weavers cannot generate and develop their personal pattern drafts for weaving. It is obvious that they mainly copy other people’s designs to weave. This paper therefore has provided an easy and simple way to learn, focus and develop their original designs to weave. The practical production method is used to create, generate and develop the pattern drafts in this paper. The paper focuses on the components of the pattern draft which will surely help to forecast and have a view of the appearance of the design before it is woven on the cloth. In conclusion, the weaver will be able to record and document his/her original works for posterity.
文摘In recent years,fast charging develops by leaps and bounds and growth rate is doubling.It is expected to be the biggest growth point in the market of consumer electronic accessories in the future.However,different fast charging standards made by enterprises have troubled consumers.To this end,
基金Supported by Ministry of Industry and Information(No.K24097)
文摘The value of form factor k at different drafts is important in predicting full-scale total resistance and speed for different types of ships. In the ITTC community, most organizations predict form factor k using a low-speed model test. However, this method is problematic for ships with bulbous bows and transom. In this article, a Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)-based method is introduced to obtain k for different type of ships at different drafts, and a comparison is made between the CFD method and the model test. The results show that the CFD method produces reasonable k values. A grid generating method and turbulence model are briefly discussed in the context of obtaining a consistent k using CFD.
文摘The draft ratios for sizing the reservoirs can vary within a wide range (40% - 90% of the mean annual flow, MAF), depending upon the demands for water by various users, and environmental and ecological considerations. The reservoir volumes based on the drought magnitude (DM) method were assessed at aforesaid draft ratios using monthly-standardized hydrological index (SHI) sequences of 10 Canadian rivers located in the Canadian prairies and northwestern Ontario. These rivers are typified by a high level of persistence lag-1 autocorrelation, ρ<sub>1m</sub> ≥ 0.50 and up to 0.94) and coefficient of variation (cv<sub>o</sub>) in the range of 0.42 to 1.48. The moving average (MA) smoothing of monthly SHI sequences formed the basis of the DM method for estimating reservoir volumes. The truncation or cutoff level in the SHI sequences was found as SHI<sub>x</sub> [=(α - 1)μ<sub>o</sub>/σ<sub>o</sub>], [(α - 1)μ<sub>o</sub>/σ<sub>max</sub>], or [(α - 1)μ<sub>o</sub>/σ<sub>av</sub>], where α (=0.40 to 0.90) is the draft ratio i.e. proportion of the MAF, μ<sub>o</sub> and σ<sub>o</sub> are the overall mean and standard deviation of the monthly flows, σ<sub>max</sub> is the maximum value of standard deviations and σ<sub>av</sub> the average of 12 monthly values. The failure probability levels (PF) were fixed at 5%, 2.5% and 0% (corresponding reliability of 95%, 97.5% and 100%). The study revealed that the coefficient of variation is the most important parameter that influences the reservoir size while the role of lag-1 autocorrelation (ρ<sub>1m</sub>) appears more pronounced at high draft ratios, α such as 0.90, 0.80 and 0.70 in increasing the reservoir size. The DM based method can be regarded as an alternative to Behavior analysis for sizing reservoirs at the desired probability of failure or reliability level.
文摘As it’s known to all,language is produced before written words,and speeches are also produced before speech drafts.Speech is not a simple oral expression,but a kind of language art.Many masterpieces that have been handed down for thousands of years are based on reason and emotion,making use of true feelings to move broad masses of readers.However,in the current speech drafts writing,there are many problems,such as empty content,rigid form and affectation,which can not meet the multi-level needs of contemporary social discourse scenes.Therefore,this paper takes the“emotional points”as the starting point,and discusses it from different aspects on the basis of expounding its concept and history.At the same time,this paper briefly analyses the prospects and outlets of emotional points design in the current speech drafts writing.
基金supported by the National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Hydrodynamics(Grant No.2022-JCJQ-LB-028).
文摘Different from the existing CFD-DEM models in which the ship remains stationary,a CFD-DEM model with the ship in forward motion is proposed in this paper to simulate the process of a ship sailing across pack ice area at a forward speed under different drafts.A high-precision method for generating pack ice area on the undisturbed free surface that can be used in conjunction with the proposed model is introduced.Taking an ice-strengthened Panamax bulker as study object,the available model test results are used to verify the reliability of the proposed model,which shows that the model can effectively evaluate the resistance performance and simulate the ship-ice-water interaction.Based on the verified model,the ice resistances on different parts of the hull are first investigated,which reveals that the ice resistance of the bow is most significant,while those of the midship and stern are negligible.Then,the speed dependence of ice resistance under different drafts is studied.It shows a strong nonlinearity under shallow draft,while the nonlinearity gradually weakens as the draft increases.Finally,the proportions of ice resistance and open-water resistance in the total resistance under different drafts and ship speeds are discussed.
文摘The Arctic region is experiencing accelerated sea ice melt and increased iceberg detachment from glaciers due to climate change.These drifting icebergs present a risk and engineering challenge for subsea installations traversing shallow waters,where ice-berg keels may reach the seabed,potentially damaging subsea structures.Consequently,costly and time-intensive iceberg manage-ment operations,such as towing and rerouting,are undertaken to safeguard subsea and offshore infrastructure.This study,therefore,explores the application of extra tree regression(ETR)as a robust solution for estimating iceberg draft,particularly in the preliminary phases of decision-making for iceberg management projects.Nine ETR models were developed using parameters influencing iceberg draft.Subsequent analyses identified the most effective models and significant input variables.Uncertainty analysis revealed that the superior ETR model tended to overestimate iceberg drafts;however,it achieved the highest precision,correlation,and simplicity in estimation.Comparison with decision tree regression,random forest regression,and empirical methods confirmed the superior perfor-mance of ETR in predicting iceberg drafts.
基金Project (50935007) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Key Program of ChinaProject (2010CB731701) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject (50905145) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to study influences of geometric parameters on the T-shaped components local loading process, a new mathematical model considering the fillet radius and draft angle was established by using the slab method. The results obtained by the mathematical model agree with the data form experiment and numerical simulation, and the results are closer to the experimental and simulation results. The influence of draft angle may be neglected under the forming conditions used. The influence of fillet radius is notable, especially in the case that the ratio of fillet radius to rib width is less than 0.75.
基金Supported by Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)in Brazil,processes BEX 12954-12-8 and 11517-12-3,to Barbosa EGV and Aburjaile FF
文摘Next-generation sequencing(NGS) technologies have made high-throughput sequencing available to medium- and small-size laboratories, culminating in a tidal wave of genomic information. The quantity of sequenced bacterial genomes has not only brought excitement to the field of genomics but also heightened expectations that NGS would boost antibacterial discovery and vaccine development. Although many possible drug and vaccine targets have been discovered, the success rate of genome-based analysis has remained below expectations. Furthermore, NGS has had consequences for genome quality, resulting in an exponential increase in draft(partial data) genome deposits in public databases. If no further interests are expressed for a particular bacterial genome, it is more likely that the sequencing of its genome will be limited to a draft stage, and the painstaking tasks of completing the sequencing of its genome and annotation will not be undertaken. It is important to know what is lost when we settle for a draft genome and to determine the "scientific value" of a newly sequenced genome. This review addresses the expected impact of newly sequenced genomes on antibacterial discovery and vaccinology. Also, it discusses the factors that could be leading to the increase in the number of draft deposits and the consequent loss of relevant biological information.
文摘我国法律英译有个老毛病,即“shall”之滥用——当“shall”固"shall”,不当“shall”亦“shall”。这后一种“shall”,即“shall”滥用症的病毒,由于法律英译工作的开展,由报刊至出版社的单行本,由出版单位的单行本而发展到由立法机关主其事的英译法律汇编,如The Laws of the People’s Republic of China(1979—1982及1987)(以下简称两卷本),蔓延更广,侵害我国法律英译文的机体,损害我国法律的国际形象,再也不能等闲视之了。 执笔至此,自责之感油然而生——笔者自身原来正是开国以来国内最早培养并传播“shall”病毒的先锋队的一名积极分子哩——深感责任重大,深省今是而昨非。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50478113)the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.J50502)
文摘To study the draft sensation distribution of an air jet supply system in a large space building in summer,experiments are conducted in a large laboratory.The temperature,velocity and draft sensation distributions at a nozzle height of 4 m in the occupied zone are obtained.Then,the numerical simulation under the test condition is carried out by the computational fluid dynamics（CFD）method.The calculation results of the indoor vertical temperature and the draft sensation distribution are validated by the test data.Simulations with different nozzle heights are conducted.The satisfactory air supply condition is determined by analyzing the draft sensations and the temperatures in the occupied zone under three conditions.The simulation results show that the optimal draft sensation distribution and the uniform temperature and velocity fields can be obtained at a nozzle height of 5 m.
