In this paper,we study the generalized Dedekind Rademacher sums considered by Hall,Wilson and Zagier.We establish a new formula for the products of two Bernoulli functions by using Parseval's formula,Hurwitz's...In this paper,we study the generalized Dedekind Rademacher sums considered by Hall,Wilson and Zagier.We establish a new formula for the products of two Bernoulli functions by using Parseval's formula,Hurwitz's formula and Lerch's functional equation.As applications of the result,some well-known reciprocity formulas are deduced as special cases.展开更多
In the references[4,11,12],the authors gave some modular forms overΓ^(0)(2).In this note,we proceed with the study of cancellation formulas relating to the modular forms.
OBJECTIVE: To explore whether Soufeng Yuchuan(搜风愈喘, SFYC) formula alleviates asthma by promoting ferroptosis of airway epithelial cells. METHODS: A chronic asthma rat model was established using ovalbumin(OVA) com...OBJECTIVE: To explore whether Soufeng Yuchuan(搜风愈喘, SFYC) formula alleviates asthma by promoting ferroptosis of airway epithelial cells. METHODS: A chronic asthma rat model was established using ovalbumin(OVA) combined with aluminum hydroxide sensitization and OVA nebulization stimulation. Lung tissue pathology was assessed via hematoxylin and eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Lung tissue ultrastructure was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Serum cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione, and tissue ferrous ion content in rat lung tissues and cells were detected using commercial kits. Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression levels of interleukin-13(IL-13) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in lung tissue. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression levels of transferrin receptor 1(TFR1), transferrin receptor 2(TFR2), acyl-Co A synthetase longchain family member 4(ACSL4), glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), and solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11). Cell proliferation, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS) were evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. Intracellular lipid peroxidation was detected using a C11-BODIPY 581/591(C11-BODIPY) probe. RESULTS: SFYC formula effectively alleviates airway inflammation in asthmatic rats in a dose-dependent manner. It improves airway epithelial cell integrity, reduces alveolar wall thickening and expansion, inhibits goblet cell proliferation and mucus secretion, and decreases the expression of IL-6 and IL-13 in lung tissue, as well as the serum levels of IL-6, IL-13, interleukin-4(IL-4), and immunoglobulin E(Ig E). SFYC formula mitigates ferroptosis in lung tissue of asthmatic rats. At the cellular level, it promotes proliferation of rat airway epithelial cells, inhibits cell apoptosis, suppresses ROS, MDA, and lipid accumulation, reduces the expression of TFR1, TFR2, and ASCL4, and increases the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 to mitigate ferroptosis. CONCLUSION: SFYC formula alleviates asthma airway inflammation by inhibiting ferroptosis in airway epithelial cells, providing new insights and potential therapeutic targets for the development of new asthma treatment drugs.展开更多
A Cu-1.9Ni-1.9Co-0.9Si(mass fraction,%)alloy with high strength and electrical conductivity was designed by cluster formula approach.The microstructure evolution of the alloy during thermomechanical treatment was syst...A Cu-1.9Ni-1.9Co-0.9Si(mass fraction,%)alloy with high strength and electrical conductivity was designed by cluster formula approach.The microstructure evolution of the alloy during thermomechanical treatment was systematically investigated.The strengthening mechanism and electrical conductivity of the alloy were discussed in detail.The optimal thermomechanical treatment process was as follows:solid solution→80%cold rolling→(450℃,4 h)aging→50%cold rolling→(400℃,4 h)aging.The designed alloy achieved excellent comprehensive properties with a microhardness of HV 260,a yield strength of 843 MPa,a tensile strength of 884 MPa,and an electrical conductivity of 42.6%(IACS).Compared to direct aging treatment,the designed alloy subjected to multi-stage thermomechanical treatment had refined grains,high density of dislocations,and accelerated of precipitation of(Ni,Co)_(2)Si precipitates.High strength was mainly attributed to the combined effect of dislocation strengthening,work hardening and sub-grain strengthening,while good electrical conductivity was maintained through the precipitation of the large number of nanoparticles.展开更多
Background:Hua-Yi-Jie-Du formula(HYJD)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has proven effective against viral pneumonia and was extensively used during the COVID-19 pandemic.This study investigates how HYJD influenc...Background:Hua-Yi-Jie-Du formula(HYJD)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has proven effective against viral pneumonia and was extensively used during the COVID-19 pandemic.This study investigates how HYJD influences group 2 innate lymphoid cell(ILC2)and nucleotide oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation in a mouse model of viral pneumonia.Methods:A mouse model of viral pneumonia was established through the administration of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid(poly(I:C))via nasal drops.Histopathological analysis of lung tissue was conducted,alongside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify cytokine levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).Flow cytometry was employed to detect ILC2 cells in lung tissue and spleen,while immunofluorescence techniques were utilized to visualize ILC2 cells in lung tissue.Transcriptomic sequencing was performed,and the results were validated using qRT-PCR and western blot analysis.Results:HYJD significantly ameliorated inflammatory infiltration in lung tissue,decreased mucus protein secretion,and reduced the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).Additionally,it lowered the expression of cytokines IL-4,IL-5,IL-13,IL-25,thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP),and IL-33 in BALF,and reduced the differentiation of ILC2 cells in both lung tissue and spleen.Transcriptomic analysis and experimental validation revealed that HYJD downregulated the expression of NLRP3 related genes and proteins within the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway.Conclusion:The mechanism by which HYJD intervenes in acute lung injury associated with viral pneumonia may involve the reduction of ILC2 cells differentiation and the inhibition of NLRP3 activation.展开更多
Chronic heart failure(CHF)impairs cognitive function.Xijiaqi Formula(XJQ),a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)used clinically to treat CHF,demonstrates potential for improving cognition in CHF patients.However,its prec...Chronic heart failure(CHF)impairs cognitive function.Xijiaqi Formula(XJQ),a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)used clinically to treat CHF,demonstrates potential for improving cognition in CHF patients.However,its precise mechanism in treating post-CHF cognitive dysfunction remains unclear.This study systematically investigates XJQ’s effects on post-CHF cognitive dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms.The components of XJQ were identified through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.CHF was induced in rats via ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery,followed by six weeks of XJQ treatment.Cardiac function was evaluated through echocardiography and hemodynamic parameters,while cognitive function was assessed using Morris water maze(MWM)and open field tests(OFT).XJQ treatment enhanced both cardiac and cognitive functions in CHF rats.Network pharmacology identified 12 core active components of XJQ and indicated its effect on cognitive dysfunction involved regulating synapses,inflammation,and phosphodiesterase 4(PDE4)-dependent cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)signaling.XJQ inhibited microglial and astrocyte activation,decreased proinflammatory cytokines,and mitigated neuronal damage.Notably,XJQ promoted synaptic repair and dendritic growth by downregulating PDE4 and upregulating cAMP,protein kinase A(PKA),cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB),brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),PSD95,and synapsin I levels.Molecular docking and Bio-layer interferometry assays confirmed direct binding of quercetin,kaempferol,isorhamnetin,and darutoside to PDE4.In conclusion,XJQ alleviates neuroinflammation and enhances synaptic plasticity to improve cognitive dysfunction in CHF rats via the PDE4/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.These findings provide valuable insight into the heart-brain axis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Perimenopausal women are prone to anxiety and depression due to fluctuating hormone levels,which significantly impair their quality of life.The current treatments have certain limitations.In traditional Chi...BACKGROUND Perimenopausal women are prone to anxiety and depression due to fluctuating hormone levels,which significantly impair their quality of life.The current treatments have certain limitations.In traditional Chinese medicine,liver-soothing formulas are commonly prescribed for mood-related disorders,but their overall efficacy in perimenopausal anxiety and depression remains uncertain and requires verification through meta-analysis.AIM To provide evidence-based support for clinical decision-making and research,a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of liver-soothing formulas in treating perimenopausal anxiety and depression.METHODS Relevant studies published up to April 2025 were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov,PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library.Eligible studies were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were extracted and analyzed using the Stata 12.0 software.RESULTS After searching and screening,12 articles involving 1798 patients(922 in the treatment group and 876 in the control group)were included in the analysis.Meta-analysis showed that the standardized scores for anxiety[standardized mean difference(SMD)=-0.71,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.06 to-0.36]and depression(SMD=-0.67,95%CI:-1.06 to-0.27)of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group.Subgroup analysis results revealed that for anxiety,liver-soothing formulas used alone(SMD=-0.34,95%CI:-0.50 to-0.18)or in combination(SMD=-0.88,95%CI:-1.43 to-0.34)both significantly reduced scores compared with the control group.For depression,monotherapy of liversoothing formulas showed no significant statistical difference between the treatment and control groups(SMD=-0.47,95%CI:-1.11 to 0.17),whereas combination therapy produced significantly lower standardized scale scores in the treatment group than in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(SMD=-0.83,95%CI:-1.39 to-0.28).Regarding Greene scores,no statistically significant difference was observed with monotherapy(SMD=0.87,95%CI:-0.32 to 2.06),whereas combination therapy had significantly lower Greene scores(SMD=-0.24,95%CI:-0.44 to-0.04).No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the occurrence of adverse reactions(odds ratio=0.90,95%CI:0.57-1.43).However,liver-soothing formulas did not affect estrogen levels in perimenopausal women.CONCLUSION Compared with placebo,conventional Western medicine,or other interventions,the monotherapy of liver-soothing formulas demonstrates superior efficacy in treating perimenopausal anxiety.When used as an adjuvant,they exert a synergistic effect in alleviating negative emotions and improving overall perimenopausal symptoms.展开更多
Triacylglycerol(TAG)components in human milk,infant formulas with different fat sources,and plant oils(palm oil,flaxseed oil,sunflower oil,corn oil,soybean oil,coconut oil,low erucic acid rapeseed oil,and high oleic a...Triacylglycerol(TAG)components in human milk,infant formulas with different fat sources,and plant oils(palm oil,flaxseed oil,sunflower oil,corn oil,soybean oil,coconut oil,low erucic acid rapeseed oil,and high oleic acid rapeseed oil)were analyzed and compared using ultraperformance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS).Distinct TAG profiles were identified by lipidomics,principal component analysis(PCA),and heatmap visualization.Human milk was characterized by a high abundance of medium-and long-chain triacylglycerols(MLCTs),saturated-unsaturated-unsaturated(SUU)-type TAGs(sn-2 palmitic acid).In contrast,plant oils lacked MLCTs and SUU-type TAGs,containing mainly TAGs esterified long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid.Breast milk contains about 27%MLCT,about 50%SUU-type triacylglycerols(which contain about 34%UPU-type triacylglycerols),which is significantly different from plant oils,structured fats and infant formulas.These findings provide a clear basis for optimizing the fat blend in infant formula to better mimic the unique TAG profile of human milk,thereby improving energy delivery and nutrient absorption for infants.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of Pinggan Yuyin Qingre formula(平肝育阴清热方,PGYYQR)in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)through network pharmacology and...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of Pinggan Yuyin Qingre formula(平肝育阴清热方,PGYYQR)in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)through network pharmacology and in vivo validation.METHODS:A mouse model of MGD was induced using the stearoyl-coenzyme a desaturase 1 inhibitor,followed by PGYYQR treatment for 2 weeks.MGD sign scoring,hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,oil red o(ORO)staining,and serum inflammatory cytokine analysis were conducted to assess the effects of PGYYQR on meibomian gland(MG)function,histopathology,and associated inflammation.Network pharmacology was employed to identify the active compounds and potential targets of PGYYQR.Molecular mechanisms were further investigated using Western blotting,reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)assays.RESULTS:PGYYQR treatment significantly reduced the scores of MG orifice obstruction and meibum quality in MGD mice.HE and ORO staining further demonstrated that PGYYQR ameliorated glandular damage and lipid dysfunction.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that PGYYQR markedly decreased the serum levels of key inflammatory cytokines,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α.Network pharmacology identified 162 active compounds and 598 target genes in PGYYQR.Among these,IL-6,IL-1β,matrix metalloproteinase-9,and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 were recognized as core targets related to MGD and were mainly enriched in the IL-17/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Further molecular analyses confirmed that PGYYQR significantly inhibited the IL-17/NF-κB axis by downregulating IL-17 expression and reducing phosphorylated NF-κB p65 levels at both the protein and m RNA levels in MG tissues.PGYYQR also effectively reduced ROS levels in the conjunctival tissues of MGD mice.CONCLUSION:PGYYQR effectively improves MG function and preserves local tissue morphology in MGD model mice,primarily by suppressing the inflammatory response through coordinated modulation of the IL-17/NF-κB signaling pathway and oxidative stress.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the bioactive constituents,key targets,signalling pathways,and molecular mechanisms of Lianshi Jianpi formula(莲实健脾方,LSJPF)in the treatment of impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)through network ph...OBJECTIVE:To explore the bioactive constituents,key targets,signalling pathways,and molecular mechanisms of Lianshi Jianpi formula(莲实健脾方,LSJPF)in the treatment of impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)through network pharmacology,molecular docking,and in vivo experiments.METHODS:The active ingredients and targets of LSJPF were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and HERB databases,whereas the IGT-related targets were sourced from Gene Cards,Dis Ge NET,and Pub Med.The overlap analysis identified potential targets of LSJPF.Protein-protein interaction networks and core targets were evaluated using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins and Cytoscape,and molecular docking confirmed the binding affinities.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed using Metascape.The therapeutic mechanisms were validated in an animal IGT model.RESULTS:LSJPF contained 229 compounds,with 15 active compounds and 77 potential target proteins.The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B(AKT)signalling pathway emerged as a key IGT pathway.The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed the pivotal genes RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(AKT1),heat shock protein 90 k Da alpha B1,and B-cell lymphoma 2 family protein,which predominantly interact with beta-sitosterol and beta-carotene,the major constituents of Semen Euryales,Semen lablab Album,Semen sojae Atricolor in LSJPF.Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities between LSJPF and IGT-related targets.In an animal IGT model,LSJPF treatment prevented weight loss;reduced food and water intake;decreased blood glucose levels;improved insulin resistance;decreased serum triglyceride,cholesterol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels;alleviated liver pathology;and significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK),PI3K,and AKT,suggesting its potential role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.CONCLUSIONS:These findings reveal the potential of LSJPF as an IGT intervention that targets the AMPK/PI3K/AKT cascade,validating network pharmacology predictions and highlighting the role of multipathway mechanisms in metabolic diseases.展开更多
Background Meat originating from the spent hen is an important source of poultry meat production;however,multiple factors cause the decline in the meat quality of spent hens.Chinese herbs have been widely used as medi...Background Meat originating from the spent hen is an important source of poultry meat production;however,multiple factors cause the decline in the meat quality of spent hens.Chinese herbs have been widely used as medi-cine for a long time to prevent diseases and as nutrient supplements to improve the product quality.This experi-ment explored the effects of adding 1.0%Chinese herbal formula(CHF,including 0.30%Leonurus japonicus Houtt.,0.20%Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.,0.25%Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,and 0.25%Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)for 120 d to the spent hens’diet through metabolomics,network pharmacology,and microbiome strategies.Results The results indicated that CHF supplementation improved the meat quality by reducing drip loss(P<0.05),b*value(P=0.058),and shear force(P=0.099)and increasing cooked meat percentage(P=0.054)and dry matter(P<0.05)of breast muscle.The addition of CHF improved the nutritional value of breast muscle by increasing(P<0.05)the content of C18:2n-6,n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA),total PUFA,PUFA-to-saturated fatty acids(SFA)ratio,and hypocholesterolemic-to-hypercholesterolemic ratio,and tending to increase serine content(P=0.069).The targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the biosynthesis of SFA,linoleic acid metabolism,fatty acid degradation,fatty acid elongation,and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were enriched by CHF supplementation.Furthermore,the network pharmacology analysis indicated that CHF was closely associated with oxidative stress and lipid metabo-lism.The CHF supplementation increased the glutathione peroxidase level(P<0.05)and upregulated gene expres-sion related to the Nrf2 pathway(including HO-1,P<0.05;Nrf2,P=0.098;CAT,P=0.060;GPX1,P=0.063;and SOD2,P=0.052)and lipid metabolism(including PPARγ,P<0.05;SREBP1,P=0.059;and CPT1A,P=0.058).Additionally,CHF supplementation increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes,Spirochaetes,and Synergistetes abundances(P<0.05),which may contribute to better meat quality.Conclusions Our results suggest that CHF supplementation improved the quality and nutritional value of meat,which will provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of CHF as a feed additive in spent hens’diets.展开更多
Objective The study of medicine formulas is a core component of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),yet traditional learning methods often lack interactivity and contextual understanding,making it challenging for beginn...Objective The study of medicine formulas is a core component of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),yet traditional learning methods often lack interactivity and contextual understanding,making it challenging for beginners to grasp the intricate composition rules of formulas.To address this gap,we introduce Formula-S,a situated visualization method for TCM formula learning in augmented reality(AR)and evaluate its performance.This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Formula-S in enhancing TCM formula learning for beginners by comparing it with traditional text-based formula learning and web-based visualization.Methods Formula-S is an interactive AR tool designed for TCM formula learning,featuring three modes(3D,Web,and Table).The dataset included TCM formulas and herb properties extracted from authoritative references,including textbook and the SymMap database.In Formula-S,the hierarchical visualization of the formulas as herbal medicine compositions,is linked to the multidimensional herb attribute visualization and embedded in the real world,where real herb samples are presented.To evaluate its effectiveness,a controlled study(n=30)was conducted.Participants who had no formal TCM knowledge were tasked with herbal medicine identification,formula composition,and recognition.In the study,participants interacted with the AR tool through HoloLens 2.Data were collected on both task performance(accuracy and response time)and user experience,with a focus on task efficiency,accuracy,and user preference across the different learning modes.Results The situated visualization method of Formula-S had comparable accuracy to other methods but shorter response time for herbal formula learning tasks.Regarding user experience,our new approach demonstrated the highest system usability and lowest task load,effectively reducing cognitive load and allowing users to complete tasks with greater ease and efficiency.Participants reported that Formula-S enhanced their learning experience through its intuitive interface and immersive AR environment,suggesting this approach offers usability advantages for TCM education.Conclusions The situated visualization method in Formula-S offers more efficient and accurate searching capabilities compared to traditional and web-based methods.Additionally,it provides superior contextual understanding of TCM formulas,making it a promising new solution for TCM learning.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Yishen Tongluo formula(益肾通络方,YSTLF)in streptozotocin-induced diabetic kidney disease mice(DKD)mice.METHODS:Thirty Institute of Cancer Research mice(specific pa...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Yishen Tongluo formula(益肾通络方,YSTLF)in streptozotocin-induced diabetic kidney disease mice(DKD)mice.METHODS:Thirty Institute of Cancer Research mice(specific pathogen free,SPF grade)were divided into five groups(n=6 per group):control,DKD model,DKD model with YSTLF(4.9 g/kg),DKD model with YSTLF(9.8 g/kg),and DKD model with captopril.DKD was induced through a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(150 mg/kg).Body weight,fasting blood glucose and urine C-peptide levels were measured to assess metabolic regulation by YSTLF.Renal function was evaluated using indicators of glomerular and tubular health.Liver function was assessed by measuring aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels.Renal pathological changes were examined using hematoxylin/eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy.Inflammatory and apoptosis-related factors were analyzed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,immunohistochemistry,and Western blot analysis.RESULTS:In DKD mice,fasting blood glucose,Cpeptide,24-hour urine protein(UP)levels,and renal damage were elevated,accompanied by increased inflammation and apoptosis.YSTLF significantly reduced 24-hour UP and C-peptide levels and improved kidney and liver function in DKD mice.YSTLF also mitigated glomerular hypertrophy,basement membrane thickening,and podocyte foot process effacement.It upregulated the expression of the podocyte marker podocalyxin.Furthermore,YSTLF alleviated inflammation and apoptosis,likely by reducing the overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein(MCP-1),Bax,and Caspase-3 in the kidneys of DKD mice.CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that YSTLF ameliorates kidney injury by modulating the expression of inflammatory cytokine MCP-1 and the Bax/Caspase-3 apoptosis pathway,providing a potential therapeutic approach for DKD.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To assess the benefits of Qingre Xiaozheng formula(清热消癥方,QRXZF)as an adjunct to standard Western medical management on renal outcomes in patients with diabetic kidney disease(DKD).METHODS:This retrospec...OBJECTIVE:To assess the benefits of Qingre Xiaozheng formula(清热消癥方,QRXZF)as an adjunct to standard Western medical management on renal outcomes in patients with diabetic kidney disease(DKD).METHODS:This retrospective study included patients with DKD who received the QRXZF between May 2017 and May 2021.A total of 144 patients with DKD,24 h urinary total protein(24 h-UTP)≥0.5 g,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR)≥30 m L/min per 1.73 m^(2)were divided into the treatment group or the control group based on whether they received QRXZF treatment.The long-term renal outcomes of patients with DKD were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the QRXZF.Differences in overall survival(OS)were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curve analysis.Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for renal endpoints.RESULTS:The mean follow-up period was(28±15)months.Nine(12.5%)patients in the treatment group and 27(37.5%)patients in the control group met the renal endpoints.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that 24 h-UTP≥3.5 g[hazard ratio(HR)=4.70,95%confidence interval(CI)(1.83,12.05),P=0.001],combined coronary artery disease[HR=3.39,95%CI(1.65,6.98),P=0.001],total cholesterol[HR=1.34,95%CI(1.05,1.70),P=0.019]and low-density lipoprotein[HR=1.65,95%CI(1.111,2.45),P=0.013]were independent prognostic factors for renal endpoints in patients with DKD.Compared with the treatment group,the risk of renal endpoint events increased 2.68-fold in the control group[HR=2.68,95%CI(1.19,6.02);P=0.017].We included 48 patients with 24 h-UTP≥3.5 g in a further stratification analysis of patients with DKD.The independent risk factor for the renal endpoints in patients with 24h-UTP≥3.5 g was smoking history[HR=5.52,95%CI(1.131,26.92),P=0.035].Compared with the treatment group,the risk of renal endpoint events increased 3.01-fold in the control group[HR=3.01,95%CI(1.05,8.67);P=0.041].CONCLUSIONS:The results show that QRXZF treatment improved renal outcomes and reduced proteinuria in patients with DKD.These results indicate that Traditional Chinese Medicine is likely to have a positive therapeutic effect on established and advanced DKD.Further well-designed clinical trials with longer follow-up periods are required.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cold exposure has traditionally been considered a pathological factor that can easily impair gastrointestinal(GI)digestion.Shihosogan-tang(ST),Yijung-tang(YT),and Pyeongwi-san(PS)are well-known herbal formu...BACKGROUND Cold exposure has traditionally been considered a pathological factor that can easily impair gastrointestinal(GI)digestion.Shihosogan-tang(ST),Yijung-tang(YT),and Pyeongwi-san(PS)are well-known herbal formulas frequently used to treat GI disorders in East Asia.AIM To compare the effects of these herbal formulas on GI motility and investigate their mechanisms of action using a cold stress(CS)-induced dyspepsia mouse model.METHODS C57BL/6J mice were exposed to CS by immersion in cold water(10±1℃)while being restrained in conical tubes for 1 hour.This procedure was repeated six times over 2 weeks.Herbal formulas or mosapride(positive control)were administered orally five times per week over a 2-week period.RESULTS The pre-test results revealed that CS,rather than restraint stress,significantly delayed gut motility in mice.However,PS and ST notably improved gastric emptying and intestinal transit,surpassing YT.Additionally,PS and ST significantly reduced gastric potential of hydrogen and increased pepsin and lipase gene expression compared to CS.The observed mechanisms likely involved increased gastric acidity and enhanced levels of digestive enzymes,such as pepsin and lipase.Furthermore,PS administration elevated GI hormone levels and metabolites related to the gut microbiota(5-hydroxytryptamine and short-chain fatty acid)more effectively than ST and YT treatments.CONCLUSION PS more effectively alleviated CS-induced GI dysfunction than both YT and ST.These comparative findings offer valuable insights for clinical applications in the treatment of cold-related digestive disorders.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical efficacy of using a Jiedu formula(解毒方) as an adjunctive therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) after hepatectomy.METHODS:In total,354 patients were included in ...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical efficacy of using a Jiedu formula(解毒方) as an adjunctive therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) after hepatectomy.METHODS:In total,354 patients were included in this study.All patients were categorized into the traditional herbal medicine(THM) group(n = 115) or the non-THM treatment(nTHM) group(n = 239),with the Jiedu formula administered twice a day to the patients in the THM group.The primary outcome was recurrence-free survival(RFS).Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors associated with RFS.Then,the high risk of recurrence among patients was identified,and propensity score matching(PSM) and RFS analysis were performed to analyze the prognostic factors for the outcomes of patients at a high risk of recurrence in different groups.RESULTS:The one,two,three,and five-year RFS rates of the THM and nTHM groups were 76.4% vs 66.1%,65.5% vs 48.8%,57.9% vs 39.9%,and 43.9% vs 29.2%,respectively.The results of the Multivariate Cox analysis showed that giant tumors [hazard ratio(HR),1.54,P = 0.04],poor degree of differentiation,microsatellite,or microvascular invasion(HR,1.29,P = 0.09) increased the risk of recurrence.In the population with a high risk of recurrence,after PSM,the one,two,three,and five-year survival rates were 70.6% vs 68.0%,63.0% vs 43.1%,59.6% vs 33.3%,and 41.9% vs 26.4%,respectively.CONCLUSION:In this study,THM was found to be an effective agent for adjuvant therapy for HCC to prevent early recurrence of HCC after hepatic resection.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine formula(TCMF)represents a fundamental component of Chinese medical practice,incorporating medical knowledge and practices from both Han Chinese and various ethnic minorities,while providin...Traditional Chinese medicine formula(TCMF)represents a fundamental component of Chinese medical practice,incorporating medical knowledge and practices from both Han Chinese and various ethnic minorities,while providing comprehensive insights into health and disease.The foundation of TCMF lies in its holistic approach,manifested through herbal compatibility theory,which has emerged from extensive clinical experience and evolved into a highly refined knowledge system.Within this framework,Chinese herbal medicines exhibit intricated characteristics,including multi-component interactions,diverse target sites,and varied biological pathways.These complexities pose significant challenges for understanding their molecular mechanisms.Contemporary advances in artificial intelligence(AI)are reshaping research in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),offering immense potential to transform our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TCMFs.This review explores the application of AI in uncovering these mechanisms,highlighting its role in compound absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)prediction,molecular target identification,compound and target synergy recognition,pharmacological mechanisms exploration,and herbal formula optimization.Furthermore,the review discusses the challenges and opportunities in AI-assisted research on TCMF molecular mechanisms,promoting the modernization and globalization of TCM.展开更多
Background:Insomnia is a prevalent clinical condition and Shangxia Liangji formula(SXLJF)is a well-established method of treatment.Nevertheless,the specific mechanism of action of SXLJF remains unclear.Methods:The mou...Background:Insomnia is a prevalent clinical condition and Shangxia Liangji formula(SXLJF)is a well-established method of treatment.Nevertheless,the specific mechanism of action of SXLJF remains unclear.Methods:The mouse model of insomnia was established by intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylalanine.Forty-two mice were randomly divided into a negative control group,model group,SXLJF group(18.72 g/kg/day),and positive control group(diazepam,2 mg/kg)and treated with the corresponding drugs for 7 consecutive days.The open field test and pentobarbital-induced sleeping test were conducted.LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics and network pharmacology were applied to explore the potential targets of SXLJF for treating insomnia.Finally,key targets were validated using RT-qPCR.Results:Behavioral tests demonstrated that SXLJF reduced the total distance,average velocity,central distance,and sleep latency,and prolonged sleep duration.Metabolomics and network pharmacology revealed potential targets,signaling pathways,metabolic pathways,and metabolites associated with the anti-insomnia effects of SXLJF.Specifically,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and tyrosine metabolism emerged as crucial metabolic pathways and targets,respectively.RT-qPCR results supported the role of TH in the mechanism of SXLJF in treating insomnia.Conclusion:In conclusion,TH and tyrosine metabolism may represent significant targets and pathways for SXLJF in treating insomnia.展开更多
This article reviews the study,“Fanlian huazhuo formula alleviates high-fat-dietinduced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathway”published in the World Journal o...This article reviews the study,“Fanlian huazhuo formula alleviates high-fat-dietinduced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathway”published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.The study explores the therapeutic potential of Fanlian Huazhuo formula(FLHZF)in treating metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),demonstrating that FLHZF reduces lipid accumulation,oxidative stress,and liver injury in MASLD models by modulating key signaling pathways involved in lipid metabolism and autophagy.This editorial emphasizes the potential of FLHZF as a treatment for MASLD and calls for further research to verify its clinical efficacy.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2023NSFSC0065)。
文摘In this paper,we study the generalized Dedekind Rademacher sums considered by Hall,Wilson and Zagier.We establish a new formula for the products of two Bernoulli functions by using Parseval's formula,Hurwitz's formula and Lerch's functional equation.As applications of the result,some well-known reciprocity formulas are deduced as special cases.
文摘In the references[4,11,12],the authors gave some modular forms overΓ^(0)(2).In this note,we proceed with the study of cancellation formulas relating to the modular forms.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation-funded Project:the Study on the Mechanism of Soufeng Yuchuan Formula in Regulating Airway Remodeling in Asthmatic Rats Based on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition(No. 82174438)。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To explore whether Soufeng Yuchuan(搜风愈喘, SFYC) formula alleviates asthma by promoting ferroptosis of airway epithelial cells. METHODS: A chronic asthma rat model was established using ovalbumin(OVA) combined with aluminum hydroxide sensitization and OVA nebulization stimulation. Lung tissue pathology was assessed via hematoxylin and eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Lung tissue ultrastructure was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Serum cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione, and tissue ferrous ion content in rat lung tissues and cells were detected using commercial kits. Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression levels of interleukin-13(IL-13) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in lung tissue. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression levels of transferrin receptor 1(TFR1), transferrin receptor 2(TFR2), acyl-Co A synthetase longchain family member 4(ACSL4), glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), and solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11). Cell proliferation, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS) were evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. Intracellular lipid peroxidation was detected using a C11-BODIPY 581/591(C11-BODIPY) probe. RESULTS: SFYC formula effectively alleviates airway inflammation in asthmatic rats in a dose-dependent manner. It improves airway epithelial cell integrity, reduces alveolar wall thickening and expansion, inhibits goblet cell proliferation and mucus secretion, and decreases the expression of IL-6 and IL-13 in lung tissue, as well as the serum levels of IL-6, IL-13, interleukin-4(IL-4), and immunoglobulin E(Ig E). SFYC formula mitigates ferroptosis in lung tissue of asthmatic rats. At the cellular level, it promotes proliferation of rat airway epithelial cells, inhibits cell apoptosis, suppresses ROS, MDA, and lipid accumulation, reduces the expression of TFR1, TFR2, and ASCL4, and increases the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 to mitigate ferroptosis. CONCLUSION: SFYC formula alleviates asthma airway inflammation by inhibiting ferroptosis in airway epithelial cells, providing new insights and potential therapeutic targets for the development of new asthma treatment drugs.
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2202255)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2024JJ2076)the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo,China(No.2023Z092)。
文摘A Cu-1.9Ni-1.9Co-0.9Si(mass fraction,%)alloy with high strength and electrical conductivity was designed by cluster formula approach.The microstructure evolution of the alloy during thermomechanical treatment was systematically investigated.The strengthening mechanism and electrical conductivity of the alloy were discussed in detail.The optimal thermomechanical treatment process was as follows:solid solution→80%cold rolling→(450℃,4 h)aging→50%cold rolling→(400℃,4 h)aging.The designed alloy achieved excellent comprehensive properties with a microhardness of HV 260,a yield strength of 843 MPa,a tensile strength of 884 MPa,and an electrical conductivity of 42.6%(IACS).Compared to direct aging treatment,the designed alloy subjected to multi-stage thermomechanical treatment had refined grains,high density of dislocations,and accelerated of precipitation of(Ni,Co)_(2)Si precipitates.High strength was mainly attributed to the combined effect of dislocation strengthening,work hardening and sub-grain strengthening,while good electrical conductivity was maintained through the precipitation of the large number of nanoparticles.
基金supported by Yunnan Provincial Major Science and Technology Special Program(No.202402AA310035)Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines(Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine)(No.2024JS2404)Research Foundation of Chuxiong Medical College(No.2024YYXM38).
文摘Background:Hua-Yi-Jie-Du formula(HYJD)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has proven effective against viral pneumonia and was extensively used during the COVID-19 pandemic.This study investigates how HYJD influences group 2 innate lymphoid cell(ILC2)and nucleotide oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation in a mouse model of viral pneumonia.Methods:A mouse model of viral pneumonia was established through the administration of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid(poly(I:C))via nasal drops.Histopathological analysis of lung tissue was conducted,alongside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify cytokine levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).Flow cytometry was employed to detect ILC2 cells in lung tissue and spleen,while immunofluorescence techniques were utilized to visualize ILC2 cells in lung tissue.Transcriptomic sequencing was performed,and the results were validated using qRT-PCR and western blot analysis.Results:HYJD significantly ameliorated inflammatory infiltration in lung tissue,decreased mucus protein secretion,and reduced the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).Additionally,it lowered the expression of cytokines IL-4,IL-5,IL-13,IL-25,thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP),and IL-33 in BALF,and reduced the differentiation of ILC2 cells in both lung tissue and spleen.Transcriptomic analysis and experimental validation revealed that HYJD downregulated the expression of NLRP3 related genes and proteins within the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway.Conclusion:The mechanism by which HYJD intervenes in acute lung injury associated with viral pneumonia may involve the reduction of ILC2 cells differentiation and the inhibition of NLRP3 activation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82430116 and 82574622)the Special Fund of Central Committee High Level Chinese Medicine Hospital(Nos.DZMG-LJRC-0014,DZMG-ZJXY-23013)+1 种基金Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation“Thousand Million”Talents Project(Qihuang Project 2021)Qihuang Scholarsthe Medical and Health Industry Development Project of Tongzhou District(2023).
文摘Chronic heart failure(CHF)impairs cognitive function.Xijiaqi Formula(XJQ),a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)used clinically to treat CHF,demonstrates potential for improving cognition in CHF patients.However,its precise mechanism in treating post-CHF cognitive dysfunction remains unclear.This study systematically investigates XJQ’s effects on post-CHF cognitive dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms.The components of XJQ were identified through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.CHF was induced in rats via ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery,followed by six weeks of XJQ treatment.Cardiac function was evaluated through echocardiography and hemodynamic parameters,while cognitive function was assessed using Morris water maze(MWM)and open field tests(OFT).XJQ treatment enhanced both cardiac and cognitive functions in CHF rats.Network pharmacology identified 12 core active components of XJQ and indicated its effect on cognitive dysfunction involved regulating synapses,inflammation,and phosphodiesterase 4(PDE4)-dependent cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)signaling.XJQ inhibited microglial and astrocyte activation,decreased proinflammatory cytokines,and mitigated neuronal damage.Notably,XJQ promoted synaptic repair and dendritic growth by downregulating PDE4 and upregulating cAMP,protein kinase A(PKA),cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB),brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),PSD95,and synapsin I levels.Molecular docking and Bio-layer interferometry assays confirmed direct binding of quercetin,kaempferol,isorhamnetin,and darutoside to PDE4.In conclusion,XJQ alleviates neuroinflammation and enhances synaptic plasticity to improve cognitive dysfunction in CHF rats via the PDE4/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.These findings provide valuable insight into the heart-brain axis.
文摘BACKGROUND Perimenopausal women are prone to anxiety and depression due to fluctuating hormone levels,which significantly impair their quality of life.The current treatments have certain limitations.In traditional Chinese medicine,liver-soothing formulas are commonly prescribed for mood-related disorders,but their overall efficacy in perimenopausal anxiety and depression remains uncertain and requires verification through meta-analysis.AIM To provide evidence-based support for clinical decision-making and research,a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of liver-soothing formulas in treating perimenopausal anxiety and depression.METHODS Relevant studies published up to April 2025 were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov,PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library.Eligible studies were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were extracted and analyzed using the Stata 12.0 software.RESULTS After searching and screening,12 articles involving 1798 patients(922 in the treatment group and 876 in the control group)were included in the analysis.Meta-analysis showed that the standardized scores for anxiety[standardized mean difference(SMD)=-0.71,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.06 to-0.36]and depression(SMD=-0.67,95%CI:-1.06 to-0.27)of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group.Subgroup analysis results revealed that for anxiety,liver-soothing formulas used alone(SMD=-0.34,95%CI:-0.50 to-0.18)or in combination(SMD=-0.88,95%CI:-1.43 to-0.34)both significantly reduced scores compared with the control group.For depression,monotherapy of liversoothing formulas showed no significant statistical difference between the treatment and control groups(SMD=-0.47,95%CI:-1.11 to 0.17),whereas combination therapy produced significantly lower standardized scale scores in the treatment group than in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(SMD=-0.83,95%CI:-1.39 to-0.28).Regarding Greene scores,no statistically significant difference was observed with monotherapy(SMD=0.87,95%CI:-0.32 to 2.06),whereas combination therapy had significantly lower Greene scores(SMD=-0.24,95%CI:-0.44 to-0.04).No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the occurrence of adverse reactions(odds ratio=0.90,95%CI:0.57-1.43).However,liver-soothing formulas did not affect estrogen levels in perimenopausal women.CONCLUSION Compared with placebo,conventional Western medicine,or other interventions,the monotherapy of liver-soothing formulas demonstrates superior efficacy in treating perimenopausal anxiety.When used as an adjuvant,they exert a synergistic effect in alleviating negative emotions and improving overall perimenopausal symptoms.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD2100700).
文摘Triacylglycerol(TAG)components in human milk,infant formulas with different fat sources,and plant oils(palm oil,flaxseed oil,sunflower oil,corn oil,soybean oil,coconut oil,low erucic acid rapeseed oil,and high oleic acid rapeseed oil)were analyzed and compared using ultraperformance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS).Distinct TAG profiles were identified by lipidomics,principal component analysis(PCA),and heatmap visualization.Human milk was characterized by a high abundance of medium-and long-chain triacylglycerols(MLCTs),saturated-unsaturated-unsaturated(SUU)-type TAGs(sn-2 palmitic acid).In contrast,plant oils lacked MLCTs and SUU-type TAGs,containing mainly TAGs esterified long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid.Breast milk contains about 27%MLCT,about 50%SUU-type triacylglycerols(which contain about 34%UPU-type triacylglycerols),which is significantly different from plant oils,structured fats and infant formulas.These findings provide a clear basis for optimizing the fat blend in infant formula to better mimic the unique TAG profile of human milk,thereby improving energy delivery and nutrient absorption for infants.
基金Supported by National Famous and Senior Chinese Medicine Expert Heritage Studio Construction Project:Zhi Nan Heritage Studio(No.75[2022])Beijing Municipal Key Traditional Chinese Medicine Specialty Development Project during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period(No.BJZKBC0029)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of Pinggan Yuyin Qingre formula(平肝育阴清热方,PGYYQR)in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)through network pharmacology and in vivo validation.METHODS:A mouse model of MGD was induced using the stearoyl-coenzyme a desaturase 1 inhibitor,followed by PGYYQR treatment for 2 weeks.MGD sign scoring,hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,oil red o(ORO)staining,and serum inflammatory cytokine analysis were conducted to assess the effects of PGYYQR on meibomian gland(MG)function,histopathology,and associated inflammation.Network pharmacology was employed to identify the active compounds and potential targets of PGYYQR.Molecular mechanisms were further investigated using Western blotting,reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)assays.RESULTS:PGYYQR treatment significantly reduced the scores of MG orifice obstruction and meibum quality in MGD mice.HE and ORO staining further demonstrated that PGYYQR ameliorated glandular damage and lipid dysfunction.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that PGYYQR markedly decreased the serum levels of key inflammatory cytokines,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α.Network pharmacology identified 162 active compounds and 598 target genes in PGYYQR.Among these,IL-6,IL-1β,matrix metalloproteinase-9,and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 were recognized as core targets related to MGD and were mainly enriched in the IL-17/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Further molecular analyses confirmed that PGYYQR significantly inhibited the IL-17/NF-κB axis by downregulating IL-17 expression and reducing phosphorylated NF-κB p65 levels at both the protein and m RNA levels in MG tissues.PGYYQR also effectively reduced ROS levels in the conjunctival tissues of MGD mice.CONCLUSION:PGYYQR effectively improves MG function and preserves local tissue morphology in MGD model mice,primarily by suppressing the inflammatory response through coordinated modulation of the IL-17/NF-κB signaling pathway and oxidative stress.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province Project:To Investigate the Mechanism of Lianshi Jianpi Formula In Improving Impaired Glucose Tolerance via the Fibroblast Growth Factor 21-Mediated Adenosine 5‘-monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinases Energy Metabolism Pathway(No. 2023J01841)ZHOU Guoying Fujian Province Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Workstation Construction Project(Min Zhong Yi[2023] No. 56)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the bioactive constituents,key targets,signalling pathways,and molecular mechanisms of Lianshi Jianpi formula(莲实健脾方,LSJPF)in the treatment of impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)through network pharmacology,molecular docking,and in vivo experiments.METHODS:The active ingredients and targets of LSJPF were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and HERB databases,whereas the IGT-related targets were sourced from Gene Cards,Dis Ge NET,and Pub Med.The overlap analysis identified potential targets of LSJPF.Protein-protein interaction networks and core targets were evaluated using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins and Cytoscape,and molecular docking confirmed the binding affinities.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed using Metascape.The therapeutic mechanisms were validated in an animal IGT model.RESULTS:LSJPF contained 229 compounds,with 15 active compounds and 77 potential target proteins.The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B(AKT)signalling pathway emerged as a key IGT pathway.The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed the pivotal genes RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(AKT1),heat shock protein 90 k Da alpha B1,and B-cell lymphoma 2 family protein,which predominantly interact with beta-sitosterol and beta-carotene,the major constituents of Semen Euryales,Semen lablab Album,Semen sojae Atricolor in LSJPF.Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities between LSJPF and IGT-related targets.In an animal IGT model,LSJPF treatment prevented weight loss;reduced food and water intake;decreased blood glucose levels;improved insulin resistance;decreased serum triglyceride,cholesterol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels;alleviated liver pathology;and significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK),PI3K,and AKT,suggesting its potential role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.CONCLUSIONS:These findings reveal the potential of LSJPF as an IGT intervention that targets the AMPK/PI3K/AKT cascade,validating network pharmacology predictions and highlighting the role of multipathway mechanisms in metabolic diseases.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFC3400700)the City-School Cooperation Project of the Fuyang Science and Technology Special Fund undertaken by Fuyang Normal University(SXHZ2020007)+1 种基金the Basic Research Program of Shenzhen Municipal Government(JCYJ20200109114242138)the Special Commissioner for Rural Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(KTP20210345).
文摘Background Meat originating from the spent hen is an important source of poultry meat production;however,multiple factors cause the decline in the meat quality of spent hens.Chinese herbs have been widely used as medi-cine for a long time to prevent diseases and as nutrient supplements to improve the product quality.This experi-ment explored the effects of adding 1.0%Chinese herbal formula(CHF,including 0.30%Leonurus japonicus Houtt.,0.20%Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.,0.25%Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,and 0.25%Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)for 120 d to the spent hens’diet through metabolomics,network pharmacology,and microbiome strategies.Results The results indicated that CHF supplementation improved the meat quality by reducing drip loss(P<0.05),b*value(P=0.058),and shear force(P=0.099)and increasing cooked meat percentage(P=0.054)and dry matter(P<0.05)of breast muscle.The addition of CHF improved the nutritional value of breast muscle by increasing(P<0.05)the content of C18:2n-6,n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA),total PUFA,PUFA-to-saturated fatty acids(SFA)ratio,and hypocholesterolemic-to-hypercholesterolemic ratio,and tending to increase serine content(P=0.069).The targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the biosynthesis of SFA,linoleic acid metabolism,fatty acid degradation,fatty acid elongation,and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were enriched by CHF supplementation.Furthermore,the network pharmacology analysis indicated that CHF was closely associated with oxidative stress and lipid metabo-lism.The CHF supplementation increased the glutathione peroxidase level(P<0.05)and upregulated gene expres-sion related to the Nrf2 pathway(including HO-1,P<0.05;Nrf2,P=0.098;CAT,P=0.060;GPX1,P=0.063;and SOD2,P=0.052)and lipid metabolism(including PPARγ,P<0.05;SREBP1,P=0.059;and CPT1A,P=0.058).Additionally,CHF supplementation increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes,Spirochaetes,and Synergistetes abundances(P<0.05),which may contribute to better meat quality.Conclusions Our results suggest that CHF supplementation improved the quality and nutritional value of meat,which will provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of CHF as a feed additive in spent hens’diets.
文摘Objective The study of medicine formulas is a core component of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),yet traditional learning methods often lack interactivity and contextual understanding,making it challenging for beginners to grasp the intricate composition rules of formulas.To address this gap,we introduce Formula-S,a situated visualization method for TCM formula learning in augmented reality(AR)and evaluate its performance.This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Formula-S in enhancing TCM formula learning for beginners by comparing it with traditional text-based formula learning and web-based visualization.Methods Formula-S is an interactive AR tool designed for TCM formula learning,featuring three modes(3D,Web,and Table).The dataset included TCM formulas and herb properties extracted from authoritative references,including textbook and the SymMap database.In Formula-S,the hierarchical visualization of the formulas as herbal medicine compositions,is linked to the multidimensional herb attribute visualization and embedded in the real world,where real herb samples are presented.To evaluate its effectiveness,a controlled study(n=30)was conducted.Participants who had no formal TCM knowledge were tasked with herbal medicine identification,formula composition,and recognition.In the study,participants interacted with the AR tool through HoloLens 2.Data were collected on both task performance(accuracy and response time)and user experience,with a focus on task efficiency,accuracy,and user preference across the different learning modes.Results The situated visualization method of Formula-S had comparable accuracy to other methods but shorter response time for herbal formula learning tasks.Regarding user experience,our new approach demonstrated the highest system usability and lowest task load,effectively reducing cognitive load and allowing users to complete tasks with greater ease and efficiency.Participants reported that Formula-S enhanced their learning experience through its intuitive interface and immersive AR environment,suggesting this approach offers usability advantages for TCM education.Conclusions The situated visualization method in Formula-S offers more efficient and accurate searching capabilities compared to traditional and web-based methods.Additionally,it provides superior contextual understanding of TCM formulas,making it a promising new solution for TCM learning.
基金National Key Research and Development Plan:Evidence-Based Evaluation and Therapeutic Mechanism Cooperation Study of Yishen Tongluo Formula for Preventing Diabetes Kidney Disease(Phase 3)(No.2020YFE0201800)Key Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province:Research on Innovative Drug Cooperation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yishen Tongluo Concentrated Pills(益肾通络浓缩丸)(No.221111520300)+1 种基金Key scientific and technological projects of Henan province:Study on the Pharmacodynamic Mechanism of Yishen Tongluo Formula in Treatment of Diabetes Kidney Disease based on the Interaction Regulation of Protein Phosphorylation and Acylation Modification(No.212102310347)to WU SuhuiNational Natural Science Foundation of China:the Mechanism of Yishen Tongluo Formula Intervention in Diabetic Kidney Disease based on(Yin-Yang-1/Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Mediated Endothelial Podocyte Interaction Response(No.82474495)to XU Jiangyan。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Yishen Tongluo formula(益肾通络方,YSTLF)in streptozotocin-induced diabetic kidney disease mice(DKD)mice.METHODS:Thirty Institute of Cancer Research mice(specific pathogen free,SPF grade)were divided into five groups(n=6 per group):control,DKD model,DKD model with YSTLF(4.9 g/kg),DKD model with YSTLF(9.8 g/kg),and DKD model with captopril.DKD was induced through a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(150 mg/kg).Body weight,fasting blood glucose and urine C-peptide levels were measured to assess metabolic regulation by YSTLF.Renal function was evaluated using indicators of glomerular and tubular health.Liver function was assessed by measuring aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels.Renal pathological changes were examined using hematoxylin/eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy.Inflammatory and apoptosis-related factors were analyzed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,immunohistochemistry,and Western blot analysis.RESULTS:In DKD mice,fasting blood glucose,Cpeptide,24-hour urine protein(UP)levels,and renal damage were elevated,accompanied by increased inflammation and apoptosis.YSTLF significantly reduced 24-hour UP and C-peptide levels and improved kidney and liver function in DKD mice.YSTLF also mitigated glomerular hypertrophy,basement membrane thickening,and podocyte foot process effacement.It upregulated the expression of the podocyte marker podocalyxin.Furthermore,YSTLF alleviated inflammation and apoptosis,likely by reducing the overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein(MCP-1),Bax,and Caspase-3 in the kidneys of DKD mice.CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that YSTLF ameliorates kidney injury by modulating the expression of inflammatory cytokine MCP-1 and the Bax/Caspase-3 apoptosis pathway,providing a potential therapeutic approach for DKD.
基金Supported by the Capital Health Research and Development of Special(No.2016-1-4192)Beijing University of Chinese Medicine's 2022 Basic Research Business Fee Disclosure Leading Project(No.2022-JYB-JBZR-038)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To assess the benefits of Qingre Xiaozheng formula(清热消癥方,QRXZF)as an adjunct to standard Western medical management on renal outcomes in patients with diabetic kidney disease(DKD).METHODS:This retrospective study included patients with DKD who received the QRXZF between May 2017 and May 2021.A total of 144 patients with DKD,24 h urinary total protein(24 h-UTP)≥0.5 g,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR)≥30 m L/min per 1.73 m^(2)were divided into the treatment group or the control group based on whether they received QRXZF treatment.The long-term renal outcomes of patients with DKD were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the QRXZF.Differences in overall survival(OS)were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curve analysis.Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for renal endpoints.RESULTS:The mean follow-up period was(28±15)months.Nine(12.5%)patients in the treatment group and 27(37.5%)patients in the control group met the renal endpoints.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that 24 h-UTP≥3.5 g[hazard ratio(HR)=4.70,95%confidence interval(CI)(1.83,12.05),P=0.001],combined coronary artery disease[HR=3.39,95%CI(1.65,6.98),P=0.001],total cholesterol[HR=1.34,95%CI(1.05,1.70),P=0.019]and low-density lipoprotein[HR=1.65,95%CI(1.111,2.45),P=0.013]were independent prognostic factors for renal endpoints in patients with DKD.Compared with the treatment group,the risk of renal endpoint events increased 2.68-fold in the control group[HR=2.68,95%CI(1.19,6.02);P=0.017].We included 48 patients with 24 h-UTP≥3.5 g in a further stratification analysis of patients with DKD.The independent risk factor for the renal endpoints in patients with 24h-UTP≥3.5 g was smoking history[HR=5.52,95%CI(1.131,26.92),P=0.035].Compared with the treatment group,the risk of renal endpoint events increased 3.01-fold in the control group[HR=3.01,95%CI(1.05,8.67);P=0.041].CONCLUSIONS:The results show that QRXZF treatment improved renal outcomes and reduced proteinuria in patients with DKD.These results indicate that Traditional Chinese Medicine is likely to have a positive therapeutic effect on established and advanced DKD.Further well-designed clinical trials with longer follow-up periods are required.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea,No.2022M3A9E4017033。
文摘BACKGROUND Cold exposure has traditionally been considered a pathological factor that can easily impair gastrointestinal(GI)digestion.Shihosogan-tang(ST),Yijung-tang(YT),and Pyeongwi-san(PS)are well-known herbal formulas frequently used to treat GI disorders in East Asia.AIM To compare the effects of these herbal formulas on GI motility and investigate their mechanisms of action using a cold stress(CS)-induced dyspepsia mouse model.METHODS C57BL/6J mice were exposed to CS by immersion in cold water(10±1℃)while being restrained in conical tubes for 1 hour.This procedure was repeated six times over 2 weeks.Herbal formulas or mosapride(positive control)were administered orally five times per week over a 2-week period.RESULTS The pre-test results revealed that CS,rather than restraint stress,significantly delayed gut motility in mice.However,PS and ST notably improved gastric emptying and intestinal transit,surpassing YT.Additionally,PS and ST significantly reduced gastric potential of hydrogen and increased pepsin and lipase gene expression compared to CS.The observed mechanisms likely involved increased gastric acidity and enhanced levels of digestive enzymes,such as pepsin and lipase.Furthermore,PS administration elevated GI hormone levels and metabolites related to the gut microbiota(5-hydroxytryptamine and short-chain fatty acid)more effectively than ST and YT treatments.CONCLUSION PS more effectively alleviated CS-induced GI dysfunction than both YT and ST.These comparative findings offer valuable insights for clinical applications in the treatment of cold-related digestive disorders.
基金Natural Science Foundation-funded Project:Mechanism of Action of Detoxification Formula to Inhibit Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha-Exosomal MicroRNA-130b-3p-Sterile Alpha Motif Domain-Containing Protein 90-mediated Macrophage M2-type Polarisation to Improve the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (No.82374540)Medical Innovation Research Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission:a Multicenter Prospective Randomized Controlled Study of “Arsenic Target” Combination Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (No.22Y11921200)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical efficacy of using a Jiedu formula(解毒方) as an adjunctive therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) after hepatectomy.METHODS:In total,354 patients were included in this study.All patients were categorized into the traditional herbal medicine(THM) group(n = 115) or the non-THM treatment(nTHM) group(n = 239),with the Jiedu formula administered twice a day to the patients in the THM group.The primary outcome was recurrence-free survival(RFS).Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors associated with RFS.Then,the high risk of recurrence among patients was identified,and propensity score matching(PSM) and RFS analysis were performed to analyze the prognostic factors for the outcomes of patients at a high risk of recurrence in different groups.RESULTS:The one,two,three,and five-year RFS rates of the THM and nTHM groups were 76.4% vs 66.1%,65.5% vs 48.8%,57.9% vs 39.9%,and 43.9% vs 29.2%,respectively.The results of the Multivariate Cox analysis showed that giant tumors [hazard ratio(HR),1.54,P = 0.04],poor degree of differentiation,microsatellite,or microvascular invasion(HR,1.29,P = 0.09) increased the risk of recurrence.In the population with a high risk of recurrence,after PSM,the one,two,three,and five-year survival rates were 70.6% vs 68.0%,63.0% vs 43.1%,59.6% vs 33.3%,and 41.9% vs 26.4%,respectively.CONCLUSION:In this study,THM was found to be an effective agent for adjuvant therapy for HCC to prevent early recurrence of HCC after hepatic resection.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3502005)the three-year Action Plan for Shanghai TCM Development and Inheritance Program[No.ZY(2021-2023)-0401]the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82104521)。
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine formula(TCMF)represents a fundamental component of Chinese medical practice,incorporating medical knowledge and practices from both Han Chinese and various ethnic minorities,while providing comprehensive insights into health and disease.The foundation of TCMF lies in its holistic approach,manifested through herbal compatibility theory,which has emerged from extensive clinical experience and evolved into a highly refined knowledge system.Within this framework,Chinese herbal medicines exhibit intricated characteristics,including multi-component interactions,diverse target sites,and varied biological pathways.These complexities pose significant challenges for understanding their molecular mechanisms.Contemporary advances in artificial intelligence(AI)are reshaping research in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),offering immense potential to transform our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TCMFs.This review explores the application of AI in uncovering these mechanisms,highlighting its role in compound absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)prediction,molecular target identification,compound and target synergy recognition,pharmacological mechanisms exploration,and herbal formula optimization.Furthermore,the review discusses the challenges and opportunities in AI-assisted research on TCMF molecular mechanisms,promoting the modernization and globalization of TCM.
基金Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ40510)General Guidance Project of Hunan Health Commission(202203074169)+1 种基金Clinical Medical Technology Innovation Guidance Project of Hunan Province(2021SK51901)and Key Guiding Projects of Hunan Health Commission(20201918)for supporting this study.
文摘Background:Insomnia is a prevalent clinical condition and Shangxia Liangji formula(SXLJF)is a well-established method of treatment.Nevertheless,the specific mechanism of action of SXLJF remains unclear.Methods:The mouse model of insomnia was established by intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylalanine.Forty-two mice were randomly divided into a negative control group,model group,SXLJF group(18.72 g/kg/day),and positive control group(diazepam,2 mg/kg)and treated with the corresponding drugs for 7 consecutive days.The open field test and pentobarbital-induced sleeping test were conducted.LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics and network pharmacology were applied to explore the potential targets of SXLJF for treating insomnia.Finally,key targets were validated using RT-qPCR.Results:Behavioral tests demonstrated that SXLJF reduced the total distance,average velocity,central distance,and sleep latency,and prolonged sleep duration.Metabolomics and network pharmacology revealed potential targets,signaling pathways,metabolic pathways,and metabolites associated with the anti-insomnia effects of SXLJF.Specifically,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and tyrosine metabolism emerged as crucial metabolic pathways and targets,respectively.RT-qPCR results supported the role of TH in the mechanism of SXLJF in treating insomnia.Conclusion:In conclusion,TH and tyrosine metabolism may represent significant targets and pathways for SXLJF in treating insomnia.
文摘This article reviews the study,“Fanlian huazhuo formula alleviates high-fat-dietinduced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathway”published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.The study explores the therapeutic potential of Fanlian Huazhuo formula(FLHZF)in treating metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),demonstrating that FLHZF reduces lipid accumulation,oxidative stress,and liver injury in MASLD models by modulating key signaling pathways involved in lipid metabolism and autophagy.This editorial emphasizes the potential of FLHZF as a treatment for MASLD and calls for further research to verify its clinical efficacy.
