Raw water temperature can fluctuate significantly throughout the year,with peaks above 30℃in summer and below 15℃in winter.Traditional desalination systems(e.g.,reverse osmosis,RO)face challenges under these varying...Raw water temperature can fluctuate significantly throughout the year,with peaks above 30℃in summer and below 15℃in winter.Traditional desalination systems(e.g.,reverse osmosis,RO)face challenges under these varying temperature conditions.Specifically,while the RO system performs well under high temperatures,its efficiency decreases sharply at lower temperatures.Membrane capacitive deionization(MCDI)is considered as an emergent and promising technology for brackish water desalination.While plenty of studies have been devoted to investigating the impacts of raw water properties(e.g.,salinity,coexisting ions,and natural organic matter)on MCDI performance,the role of water temperatures during the desalination remains under-explored.In this study,we first tested and determined the optimized MCDI operation parameters,such as the cell voltage and feedwater flow rate.Key findings showed that MCDI’s salt removal efficiency remains unaffected by feedwater temperature fluctuations.However,as feedwater temperature increases from 15℃to 40℃,the specific energy consumption for desalination slightly rises by 16.3%,and current efficiency drops by 14.1%.Compared to RO systems,the resilience of MCDI to temperature fluctuations makes it a preferable choice for brackish water treatment in areas with a large temperature difference.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are considered as a promising renewable power source.However,the massive commercial application of PEMFCs has been greatly hindered by their high expense and less-satisfied p...Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are considered as a promising renewable power source.However,the massive commercial application of PEMFCs has been greatly hindered by their high expense and less-satisfied performance mainly due to the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics even on state-of-the-art Pt catalyst.Octahedral PtNi nanoparticles(oct-PtNi NPs)with excellent ORR activity in a half-cell have been widely studied,while their performance in membrane electrode assembly(MEA)has much less reported.Herein,we investigated the MEA performance using the carbon supported oct-PtNi NPs(oct-PtNi/C)as the cathode catalyst.Under the mild acid washing condition,the surface Ni atoms of oct-PtNi/C were largely removed,and the performance of the MEA using the acid-leaching oct-PtNi/C(PNC-A)as the cathode catalyst was greatly improved.The maximum power density of the MEA reached 1.0 W·cm^(-2) with the cath-ode Pt loading of 0.2 mg·cm^(-2),which is 15%higher than that using Pt/C as the catalyst.After 30k cycles in the accelerated degradation test(ADT),the MEA using PNC-A as the catalyst showed a performance retention of 82%,higher than that of Pt/C(74%).The results reported here verify the possibility of using PNC-A as an advanced cathode catalyst in PEMFCs,thus enhancing the performance of PEMFCs while lowering the amount of expensive Pt.展开更多
Ion-solvaing membranes(ISMs)have received extensive attention in recent years as a key component in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices.This article provides an overview of structural composition,per...Ion-solvaing membranes(ISMs)have received extensive attention in recent years as a key component in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices.This article provides an overview of structural composition,performance advan-tages,research progress,ion conduction mechanism and existing issues of ISMs,primarily classifying them according to the matrix structure.A detailed analysis of performance enhancement methods,key performance indicators of ISMs and performance influencing factors is also presented.The article contributes to further optimizing the design and application of ion-solvation membranes,providing theoretical support for the development of fields such as hydrogen production through electrolysis of water and electrochemical energy in the future.展开更多
Urine consists of approximately 95%water,3.5%organic matter,and 1.5%inorganic salts.Membrane distillation(MD)offers a potential approach for urine resource utilization.To some extent,it reduces the loss of nitrogen an...Urine consists of approximately 95%water,3.5%organic matter,and 1.5%inorganic salts.Membrane distillation(MD)offers a potential approach for urine resource utilization.To some extent,it reduces the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus resources.However,MD is also accompanied by problems such as high membrane cost,membrane fouling and membrane wetting.In light of these issues,this study employs polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)as the separation layer and polypropylene(PP)as the support layer to make a distillation membrane.The feasibility and efficiency of the PTFE-PP membrane in intercepting and recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from source-separated urine were investigated.Results obtained through 14 days of continuous operation demonstrated that the recovery rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 95%and 99%,respectively.The dissolved organic carbon recovery rate was 95%,and urea as well as the macromolecular organic matter in dissolved organic matter were significantly intercepted.The phosphorus content in the permeate was 0.022 mg/L,which met theⅡclass standard of China’s surface water and the basic water use standard of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.This finding reduces the pressure on sewage treatment plants.PTFE-PP distillation membrane has important potential in recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from urine and alleviating global water shortage.展开更多
Diabetic wounds present challenges in clinical management due to persistent inflammation caused by excessive exudate infiltration.Inspired by the gradient wettability of cactus thorn,this study has devised a biomimeti...Diabetic wounds present challenges in clinical management due to persistent inflammation caused by excessive exudate infiltration.Inspired by the gradient wettability of cactus thorn,this study has devised a biomimetic Janus nanofiber membrane as a water diode,which endows with gradient wettability and gradient pore size,offering sustainable unidirectional self-drainage and antibacterial properties for enhanced diabetic wound healing.The Janus membrane is fabricated by depositing a hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile/chlorin e6 layer with smaller pore sizes onto a hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone)with larger pore sizes,thereby generating a vertical gradient in both wettability and pore structure.The incorporation of chlorin e6 in the upper layer enables the utilization of external light energy to generate heat for evaporation and produce reactive oxygen species,achieving a high sterilization efficiency of 99%.Meanwhile,the gradient structure of the Janus membrane facilitates continuous antigravity exudate drainage at a rate of 0.95 g cm^(−2) h^(−1).This dual functionality of effective exudate drainage and sterilization significantly reduces inflammatory factors,allows the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 proliferative phenotype,enhances angiogenesis,and accelerates wound healing.Therefore,this study provides a groundbreaking bioinspired strategy for the development of advanced wound dressings tailored for diabetic wound regeneration.展开更多
Membrane distillation(MD)is an advanced membrane separation process that employs hydrophobic microporous membranes to sepa rate non-volatile solutes from the feed solution,driven by vapor pressure gradients generated ...Membrane distillation(MD)is an advanced membrane separation process that employs hydrophobic microporous membranes to sepa rate non-volatile solutes from the feed solution,driven by vapor pressure gradients generated through thermal difference.This technology offers strong desalination capabilities and efficiently harnesses low-grade thermal energy sources,including geothermal and waste heat,making it a cost-effective solution for freshwater scarcity.Nevertheless,hydrophobic membranes are prone to contamination by surfactants,inorganic salts,and other substances in feed solutions.To address this,low-surface-energy composite nano-inorganic materials composed of carbon nanotubes and silica were modified and synthesized via organosilicon chemistry.A superhydrophobic surface exhibiting a water contact angle of157.96°was successfully fabricated using above nano-materials on poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)membrane surface with micro-nano structures via a one-step spray-coating method.Compared to unmodified PVDF membra ne,the superhydrophobic membrane demonstrated superior resistance to common scaling agents such as CaCl_(2),Mg(OH)_(2),CaCO_(3),and CaSO_(4),while maintaining stable permeate flux(13.4 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1))during MD tests.Additionally,the modified membra ne exhibited enhanced wetting resistance when treating feed solutions containing sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),significantly extending the operational lifespan of the membrane.Due to its outstanding performance,this superhydrophobic membrane is expected to promote the practical application of MD technology in the treatment of complex wa stewater and efficient seawater desalination.展开更多
Nanofiltration(NF) technology,with its capacity for nanoscale filtration and controllable selectivity,holds significant promise in diverse applications.However,the current upper bound of permeance and selectivity of N...Nanofiltration(NF) technology,with its capacity for nanoscale filtration and controllable selectivity,holds significant promise in diverse applications.However,the current upper bound of permeance and selectivity of NF membranes is intrinsically constrained by the morphology and structure of the polyamide(PA) selective layer.This issue arises because NF membranes typically exhibit relatively smooth nodular structures,which theoretically impede efficient water transport.In this study,we enhanced the formation of nanobubbles by synergistically regulating with surfactant and low temperatures,resulting in the fabrication of PA NF membranes with a crumpled morphology.We observed that lower temperatures promote enhanced gas solubility in the aqueous phase,facilitating increased nanobubble formation through the foaming effect of surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(SDBS).Consequently,this resulted in the creation of PA NF membranes with more crumpled structures and superior performance,with pure water permeance reaching 36.25 ± 0.42 L m^(-2)h^(-1)bar^(-1),representing an improvement of 14.47 L m^(-2)h^(-1)bar^(-1)compared to the control group.Additionally,it maintains a high Na_(2)SO_(4) rejection rate of97.00 % ± 0.58 %.The PA NF membranes produced by eliminating nanobubbles and free interfaces exhibited a smooth structure,whereas introducing nanobubbles(through Na HCO_(3) addition,N_(2) pressurization,and ultrasonication) resulted in the formation of crumpled membranes.This emphasized that the large amount of nanobubbles generated by SDBS and low temperature in the interfacial process played a critical role in shaping crumpled PA NF membranes and enhancing membrane performance.This approach has the potential to provide valuable insights into customizing the structural design of TFC PA NF membranes,contributing to further advancements in this field.展开更多
Abstract:Graphene-Based separation membranes hold promise for water treatment.However,their practical deployment in high-salinity brines remains challenging due to structural instability.Herein,a defect-free Na^(+)-Cu...Abstract:Graphene-Based separation membranes hold promise for water treatment.However,their practical deployment in high-salinity brines remains challenging due to structural instability.Herein,a defect-free Na^(+)-Cu^(2+)/GO-PEI nanocomposite membrane was fabricated via a pH-controlled cross-linking polymerization strategy.Polyethyleneimine(PEI)serves as a critical interfacial stabilizer,enhancing the connection between the Na^(+)-GO and Cu^(2+)-GO layers through amide bond formation with GO nanosheets while facilitating Cu^(2+)chelation.The Na^(+)/GO layer modifies the pore structure of the polyether sulfone(PES)substrate,synergistically optimizing the membrane’s microstructure.Performances evaluation revealed that the as-prepared membrane achieved exceptional separation efficiency(>98%)for tributyl phosphate,sulfonated kerosene,and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate in high-salinity brine,accompanied by a high flux of 160~224 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1).Notably,it exhibited robust chemical stability in corrosive environment and maintained mechanical durability after 500 folding cycles coupled with consistent separation performances over 10 recycles.This study presents a novel multi-component modification approach for constructing high-performance GObased membrane,promising practical applications in organic pollutant removal from high salt solution.展开更多
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)are spherical nanostructures that originate from Gram-negative bacteria.They are gaining attention as powerful tools in cancer diagnostics and therapy due to their unique biologi...Bacterial outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)are spherical nanostructures that originate from Gram-negative bacteria.They are gaining attention as powerful tools in cancer diagnostics and therapy due to their unique biological properties.These vesicles,which range from 50 to 250 nm in size,carry molecular components from their parent bacteria,allowing them to play important roles in bacterial defense and microbial ecosystems.Their lipid bilayer structure facilitates targeted drug delivery,while their natural immunogenic properties hold promise for cancer immunotherapy by helping overcome immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment.Moreover,OMVs have potential as biomarkers in liquid biopsies,particularly for cancers associated with bacteria,such as gastric and colorectal cancers.Their ability to interact with the intratumoral microbiota further indicates their relevance in tumor pathogenesis.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental biology of OMVs and their emerging applications in cancer therapy.展开更多
The demand for sensors capable of operating in extreme environment of the fields,such as aerospace vehicles,aeroengines and fire protection,is rapidly increasing.However,developing flexible ceramic fibrous pressure se...The demand for sensors capable of operating in extreme environment of the fields,such as aerospace vehicles,aeroengines and fire protection,is rapidly increasing.However,developing flexible ceramic fibrous pressure sensors that combine high temperature stability with robust mechanical properties remains a significant challenge.Herein,through precise multi-scale process control,high-strength(2.1 MPa)TiC-SiC flexible fibrous membrane is successfully fabricated.The membrane exhibits exceptional thermal resistance(2000℃)and long–term thermal stability(1800℃ for 5 h)in the inert atmosphere.Meanwhile,the TiC-SiC fibrous membrane shows excellent oxidation resistance and still achieves strength of 1.8 MPa after being oxidized at 1200℃ for 1 h in air.Remarkably,TiC-SiC fibrous membrane withstands a load of approximately 1400 times its own weight and the ablation of butane flame(~1300℃)for at least 1 h without breaking.Notably,after heat treatment at 1800℃ for 5 h in an argon atmosphere,the TiC-SiC fibrous membrane even sustains pressure–sensing performance for up to 300 cycles.The membrane exhibits stable resistivity up to 900℃ and shows sensing stability under butane flame.The results of this work provide an effective and feasible solution to fill the research gap of flexible fibrous sensors for extreme environments.展开更多
Alkaline water electrolysis(AWE)represents a promising approach for green hydrogen production,yet the development of high-performance separators with gas impermeability,high ion conductivity,and stability under alkali...Alkaline water electrolysis(AWE)represents a promising approach for green hydrogen production,yet the development of high-performance separators with gas impermeability,high ion conductivity,and stability under alkaline operating conditions has proven challenging.To address this challenge,we develop a pre-concentration regulated phase separation strategy for scalable fabrication of asymmetric hierarchical porous membranes(AHPMs)for AWE.The resulting AHPMs demonstrate a hierarchical structure composed of an ultrathin dense skin layer and highly interconnected porous support.Benefitting from the structural advantages,the AHPMs exhibit outstanding characteristics,including a high bubble point pressure up to 12.4 bar,extremely low area resistance of 0.03Ωcm^(2) in 30 wt%KOH at 80℃,and excellent hydrophilicity and long-term alkaline stability.When applied in AWE with commercial catalysts,the AHPMs achieved an impressive current density of 1.9 A cm^(-2) at 2.0 V in 30 wt%KOH and the anodic hydrogen contents(AHCs)below 0.5 vol.%at a low current density of 0.1 A cm^(-2),differential pressure of 2 bar,and temperature of 80℃.Moreover,AHPMs demonstrate exceptional stability over 2,400 h of continuous operation and maintain superior performance in a 1 Nm^(3) h^(-1) industrialscale electrolyzer stack.This work advances the development of efficient separators for highperformance AWE systems,contributing to the advancement of hydrogen technologies in sustainable energy applications.展开更多
We successfully incorporated phenyl groups into a small-molecule quaternary ammonium cross-linker and synthesized cross-linked polybenzimidazole membranes via a one-step cross-linking process.Compared with conventiona...We successfully incorporated phenyl groups into a small-molecule quaternary ammonium cross-linker and synthesized cross-linked polybenzimidazole membranes via a one-step cross-linking process.Compared with conventional quaternary ammonium-crosslinked benzimidazole membranes,the introduction of phenyl groups significantly increases the free volume within the membrane.After phosphoric acid doping,the benzimidazole membrane with larger free volume retains more phosphoric acid compared to conventional quaternary ammonium-crosslinked membranes,forming an extensive hydrogen-bonding network that effectively enhances its anhydrous proton conductivity.The anhydrous proton conductivity reaches 91 mS·cm^(-1)at 160℃,substantially higher than that of conventional quaternary ammonium-crosslinked membranes with the same mass fraction.Benefiting from the improved conductivity,the membrane electrode assembly exhibits reduced ohmic polarization,achieving a peak power density of 792 mW·cm^(-2)at 160℃.展开更多
This study explores the nonlinear resonance of a rotating solar sail membrane exposed to time-varying solar thermal and solar radiation pressure.The sail membrane is modeled using a cantilever membrane,applying the vo...This study explores the nonlinear resonance of a rotating solar sail membrane exposed to time-varying solar thermal and solar radiation pressure.The sail membrane is modeled using a cantilever membrane,applying the von Kármán theory for membrane large deflection.The membrane’s nonlinear equation is derived by employing the Lagrange equation while accounting for excitations from solar thermal and radiation pressure.The equation is solved via the Rayleigh-Ritz method.The bifurcation diagram of membrane motion is applied to reveal membrane resonance responses under different solar sail rotating frequencies.The displacement time history,phase portrait,Poincarémap,frequency spectrum,and the largest Lyapunov exponent are used to study nonlinear vibrations that occur near resonance regions.The results indicate that time-varying thermal loading excites membrane motions with multiple natural frequencies by the parametric resonance mechanics,leading to the onset of membrane chaotic motion.The membrane’s primary resonance is stimulated in harmonic oscillation by the time-varying radiation pressure.The divergence instability caused by thermal excitation is also illustrated by comparing the membrane’s vibration amplitude with and without thermal excitation.The membrane’s nonlinear vibration characteristics vary significantly with solar illumination angles,the membrane’s thermal expansion coefficients,and structural damping.展开更多
The extraction of uranium from seawater via membrane adsorption is a promising strategy for ensuring a long-term supply of uranium and the sustainability of nuclear energy.However,this approach has been hindered by th...The extraction of uranium from seawater via membrane adsorption is a promising strategy for ensuring a long-term supply of uranium and the sustainability of nuclear energy.However,this approach has been hindered by the longstanding challenge of identifying sustainable membrane materials.In response,we propose a prototypal hybridization strategy to design a novel series of aminated conjugated microporous polymer(CMPN)@collagen fiber membrane(COLM).These sustainable and low-cost membrane materials allow a rapid and high-affinity kinetic to capture 90%of the uranium in just 30 min from 50 ppm with a high selectivity of Kd>105 mL·g^(−1).They also afford a robustly reusable adsorption capacity as high as 345 mg·g^(−1)that could harvest 1.61 mg·g^(−1)of uranium in a short 7-day real marine engineering in Fujian Province,even though suffered from very low uranium concentration of 3.29μg·L^(−1)and tough influence of salts such as 10.77 g·L^(−1)of Na^(+),1.75μg·L^(−1)of VO_(3)^(−)etc.in the rough seas.The structural evidence from both experimental and theoretical studies confirmed the formation of favorable chelating motifs from the amino group on CMPN-COLM,and the intensification by the synergistic effect from the size-sieving action of CMPN and the capillary inflow effect of COLM.展开更多
Clean energy devices have the potential to change the world and avoid future energy crises.The development of new energyefficient technologies helps reduce our dependence on limited fossil fuel resources.Hydrogen ener...Clean energy devices have the potential to change the world and avoid future energy crises.The development of new energyefficient technologies helps reduce our dependence on limited fossil fuel resources.Hydrogen energy is the key to achieving clean energy transition goals.Proton exchange membrane fuel cells play a critical role.Research and development of new hightech proton exchange membranes(PEMs)provide new horizons for the development of hydrogen energy.The use of carbon nanomaterials to improve PEM efficiency is one of the modern trends.The modification of modern membranes with fullerenes and their derivatives is an innovative strategy for increasing proton conductivity.This paper discusses the key principles of proton transport in PEMs modified with individual fullerenols,sulfofullerenes,carboxylated fullerenes,phosphofullerenes,and cianohydrofullerenes.The introduction of fullerene nanoparticles into polymer PEM induces an improvement in key properties.Summary information covers existing research on the use of fullerenes as nanoscale modifiers of proton-conducting materials.This review will help researchers to surpass the achieved results in the field of modern proton-conducting materials and stimulate the development of hydrogen energy.展开更多
Two-dimensional nanofluidic membranes have garnered considerable interest due to their potential for cost-effective osmotic energy harvesting.One promising approach to enhancing ion conductivity and selectivity is the...Two-dimensional nanofluidic membranes have garnered considerable interest due to their potential for cost-effective osmotic energy harvesting.One promising approach to enhancing ion conductivity and selectivity is the incorporation of vip additives.However,the traditional host-vip configuration can undermine the structural integrity of nanochannels owing to the inconsistent size and shape of these additives.Drawing inspiration from the intricate design of biological protein channels,which utilize small amino acid molecules as vips,we have addressed this issue by incorporating glycine,a common amino acid,into a vermiculite membrane using a simple vacuum-assisted infiltration method.The resulting vermiculite-glycine membrane demonstrates 1.8 times greater ionic conductivity and twice the power density compared to pure vermiculite membranes.Analysis based on glycine content,coupled with spectroscopic examination,reveals that ion conductivity is linked to the distribution of glycine molecules across three specific sites within the membrane.This suggests that glycine molecules—whether confined in voids,adsorbed onto nanochannel surfaces,or intercalated within multilayered vermiculite nanoparticles—enhance nanofluidic ion transport by modulating surface and space charge density,as well as strengthening hydrogen bonding,electrostatic interactions,and steric effects.This work reveals the specific interactions between amino acids and vermiculite,offering a novel path for advancing nanofluidic composite membranes and highlighting critical considerations for the proposed strategy.展开更多
Covalent organic framework ionomers enable synergistic efficient transport of protons and oxygen in medium-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),as clean and effic...Covalent organic framework ionomers enable synergistic efficient transport of protons and oxygen in medium-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),as clean and efficient energy technologies,are constrained in their performance enhancement by the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics at the cathode,anode CO poisoning(e.g.,from methanol crossover)and intricate water management dilemmas[1].展开更多
This paper summarizes the nursing experience of a child with acute fulminant myocarditis.Key nursing measures include establishing a multidisciplinary team to jointly formulate diagnosis and treatment plans;implementi...This paper summarizes the nursing experience of a child with acute fulminant myocarditis.Key nursing measures include establishing a multidisciplinary team to jointly formulate diagnosis and treatment plans;implementing refined volume management,anticoagulation management,and ventilator management during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation;providing personalized nutritional support for the child;and strengthening the prevention and management of complications.After active treatment and nursing care,the child recovered well and was successfully transferred out of the intensive care unit.展开更多
The intractable trade-off between proton conductivity and vanadium ion selectivity,known as the‘transmission paradox’is a critical bottleneck hindering the commercialization of vanadium flow batteries(VFBs).Inspired...The intractable trade-off between proton conductivity and vanadium ion selectivity,known as the‘transmission paradox’is a critical bottleneck hindering the commercialization of vanadium flow batteries(VFBs).Inspired by the multi-stage,synergistic filtration mechanism of the mammalian glomerular filtration barrier,a novel,biomimetic hierarchical composite membrane has been fabricated via a precise layer-by-layer strategy on a polyethylene(PE)substrate.This membrane integrates a polydopamine(PDA)adhesion layer,a sulfonated Zr-MOF ion-sieving layer,and a synergistic polybenzimidazole(PBI)matrix.Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the formation of a critical bifunctional acid-base interface(-SO_(3)^(−)…H^(+)N-)between the MOF and PBI,which densifies the structure and optimizes ion pathways.The resulting composite membrane exhibits excellent mechanical robustness,superior chemical stability,and exceptional dimensional stability.Most significantly,this architecture successfully decouples the performance trade-off,demonstrating both high proton conductivity(11.11 mS·cm^(-1))and remarkably suppressed vanadium ion permeability(2.4×10^(−8) cm^(2)·min^(-1)).This combination yields an outstanding ion selectivity of 46.29×10^(4) S·min·cm^(-3).When tested in a VFB single cell,the membrane enabled a high energy efficiency of 81.6%at 200 mA·cm^(-2),an ultra-long self-discharge time of 2700 min,and excellent long-term cycling stability.This biomimetic design strategy effectively resolves the core‘transmission paradox’offering a promising pathway for next-generation high-performance flow batteries.展开更多
To develop an efficient filter for removing white blood cells from whole blood,hydrophilic large-pore blended membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF),polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol,with good biocom...To develop an efficient filter for removing white blood cells from whole blood,hydrophilic large-pore blended membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF),polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol,with good biocompatibility,were prepared using the process of vapor-induced phase separation at various PVDF concentrations.The results demonstrated that at a PVDF mass concentration of 14%,the membrane had increased surface roughness,significantly enhanced hydrophilicity and wettability,and a wetting time of 8 s.The surface roughness of the membrane was also reduced to 31.637 nm.Furthermore,hemolysis rate and protein adsorption tests indicated that the blended membranes possessed excellent biocompatibility.They were reduced to 2.48%and 34.44μg·cm^(−2),respectively.The pore size of the fabricated membrane was relatively large,which reached approximately 8μm respectively,satisfying the filtration requirements.Lastly,the effects of different temperatures and multi-layered filters on leukocyte removal and the retention of red blood cells and platelets from whole blood were evaluated.The results revealed that the leukocyte removal rate was highest at 4℃ and with three membrane layers,the leukocyte removal rate was highest,reaching 98.36%,while the RBC and platelet content remained nearly unchanged compared with the original blood.This study provides a new approach for blood cell separation that is expected to play a significant role in medical fields such as blood transfusion demonstrating great potential for application and innovation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52370090,52300016)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M733379,2024M753122).
文摘Raw water temperature can fluctuate significantly throughout the year,with peaks above 30℃in summer and below 15℃in winter.Traditional desalination systems(e.g.,reverse osmosis,RO)face challenges under these varying temperature conditions.Specifically,while the RO system performs well under high temperatures,its efficiency decreases sharply at lower temperatures.Membrane capacitive deionization(MCDI)is considered as an emergent and promising technology for brackish water desalination.While plenty of studies have been devoted to investigating the impacts of raw water properties(e.g.,salinity,coexisting ions,and natural organic matter)on MCDI performance,the role of water temperatures during the desalination remains under-explored.In this study,we first tested and determined the optimized MCDI operation parameters,such as the cell voltage and feedwater flow rate.Key findings showed that MCDI’s salt removal efficiency remains unaffected by feedwater temperature fluctuations.However,as feedwater temperature increases from 15℃to 40℃,the specific energy consumption for desalination slightly rises by 16.3%,and current efficiency drops by 14.1%.Compared to RO systems,the resilience of MCDI to temperature fluctuations makes it a preferable choice for brackish water treatment in areas with a large temperature difference.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(22362031 and 21805121)the Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province(2019FD137)。
文摘Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are considered as a promising renewable power source.However,the massive commercial application of PEMFCs has been greatly hindered by their high expense and less-satisfied performance mainly due to the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics even on state-of-the-art Pt catalyst.Octahedral PtNi nanoparticles(oct-PtNi NPs)with excellent ORR activity in a half-cell have been widely studied,while their performance in membrane electrode assembly(MEA)has much less reported.Herein,we investigated the MEA performance using the carbon supported oct-PtNi NPs(oct-PtNi/C)as the cathode catalyst.Under the mild acid washing condition,the surface Ni atoms of oct-PtNi/C were largely removed,and the performance of the MEA using the acid-leaching oct-PtNi/C(PNC-A)as the cathode catalyst was greatly improved.The maximum power density of the MEA reached 1.0 W·cm^(-2) with the cath-ode Pt loading of 0.2 mg·cm^(-2),which is 15%higher than that using Pt/C as the catalyst.After 30k cycles in the accelerated degradation test(ADT),the MEA using PNC-A as the catalyst showed a performance retention of 82%,higher than that of Pt/C(74%).The results reported here verify the possibility of using PNC-A as an advanced cathode catalyst in PEMFCs,thus enhancing the performance of PEMFCs while lowering the amount of expensive Pt.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0138900)the “Scientific and Technical Innovation Action Plan” Basic Research Field of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (19JC1410500)。
文摘Ion-solvaing membranes(ISMs)have received extensive attention in recent years as a key component in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices.This article provides an overview of structural composition,performance advan-tages,research progress,ion conduction mechanism and existing issues of ISMs,primarily classifying them according to the matrix structure.A detailed analysis of performance enhancement methods,key performance indicators of ISMs and performance influencing factors is also presented.The article contributes to further optimizing the design and application of ion-solvation membranes,providing theoretical support for the development of fields such as hydrogen production through electrolysis of water and electrochemical energy in the future.
基金supported by the Joint Research Program for Ecological Conservation and High Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin(No.2022-YRUC-01-0203).
文摘Urine consists of approximately 95%water,3.5%organic matter,and 1.5%inorganic salts.Membrane distillation(MD)offers a potential approach for urine resource utilization.To some extent,it reduces the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus resources.However,MD is also accompanied by problems such as high membrane cost,membrane fouling and membrane wetting.In light of these issues,this study employs polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)as the separation layer and polypropylene(PP)as the support layer to make a distillation membrane.The feasibility and efficiency of the PTFE-PP membrane in intercepting and recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from source-separated urine were investigated.Results obtained through 14 days of continuous operation demonstrated that the recovery rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 95%and 99%,respectively.The dissolved organic carbon recovery rate was 95%,and urea as well as the macromolecular organic matter in dissolved organic matter were significantly intercepted.The phosphorus content in the permeate was 0.022 mg/L,which met theⅡclass standard of China’s surface water and the basic water use standard of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.This finding reduces the pressure on sewage treatment plants.PTFE-PP distillation membrane has important potential in recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from urine and alleviating global water shortage.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA1201304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52503082)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2024M750402)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (GZC20230419)Shanghai Anticancer Association EYAS PROJECT (SACA-CY23C05)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2232023D-03, 2232024Y-01)
文摘Diabetic wounds present challenges in clinical management due to persistent inflammation caused by excessive exudate infiltration.Inspired by the gradient wettability of cactus thorn,this study has devised a biomimetic Janus nanofiber membrane as a water diode,which endows with gradient wettability and gradient pore size,offering sustainable unidirectional self-drainage and antibacterial properties for enhanced diabetic wound healing.The Janus membrane is fabricated by depositing a hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile/chlorin e6 layer with smaller pore sizes onto a hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone)with larger pore sizes,thereby generating a vertical gradient in both wettability and pore structure.The incorporation of chlorin e6 in the upper layer enables the utilization of external light energy to generate heat for evaporation and produce reactive oxygen species,achieving a high sterilization efficiency of 99%.Meanwhile,the gradient structure of the Janus membrane facilitates continuous antigravity exudate drainage at a rate of 0.95 g cm^(−2) h^(−1).This dual functionality of effective exudate drainage and sterilization significantly reduces inflammatory factors,allows the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 proliferative phenotype,enhances angiogenesis,and accelerates wound healing.Therefore,this study provides a groundbreaking bioinspired strategy for the development of advanced wound dressings tailored for diabetic wound regeneration.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22308085)Science and Technology Plan Project of Shijiazhuang(Nos.241130547A and241791337A)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2020208083)。
文摘Membrane distillation(MD)is an advanced membrane separation process that employs hydrophobic microporous membranes to sepa rate non-volatile solutes from the feed solution,driven by vapor pressure gradients generated through thermal difference.This technology offers strong desalination capabilities and efficiently harnesses low-grade thermal energy sources,including geothermal and waste heat,making it a cost-effective solution for freshwater scarcity.Nevertheless,hydrophobic membranes are prone to contamination by surfactants,inorganic salts,and other substances in feed solutions.To address this,low-surface-energy composite nano-inorganic materials composed of carbon nanotubes and silica were modified and synthesized via organosilicon chemistry.A superhydrophobic surface exhibiting a water contact angle of157.96°was successfully fabricated using above nano-materials on poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)membrane surface with micro-nano structures via a one-step spray-coating method.Compared to unmodified PVDF membra ne,the superhydrophobic membrane demonstrated superior resistance to common scaling agents such as CaCl_(2),Mg(OH)_(2),CaCO_(3),and CaSO_(4),while maintaining stable permeate flux(13.4 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1))during MD tests.Additionally,the modified membra ne exhibited enhanced wetting resistance when treating feed solutions containing sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),significantly extending the operational lifespan of the membrane.Due to its outstanding performance,this superhydrophobic membrane is expected to promote the practical application of MD technology in the treatment of complex wa stewater and efficient seawater desalination.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52430001,52470091,52200108) for the financial support。
文摘Nanofiltration(NF) technology,with its capacity for nanoscale filtration and controllable selectivity,holds significant promise in diverse applications.However,the current upper bound of permeance and selectivity of NF membranes is intrinsically constrained by the morphology and structure of the polyamide(PA) selective layer.This issue arises because NF membranes typically exhibit relatively smooth nodular structures,which theoretically impede efficient water transport.In this study,we enhanced the formation of nanobubbles by synergistically regulating with surfactant and low temperatures,resulting in the fabrication of PA NF membranes with a crumpled morphology.We observed that lower temperatures promote enhanced gas solubility in the aqueous phase,facilitating increased nanobubble formation through the foaming effect of surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(SDBS).Consequently,this resulted in the creation of PA NF membranes with more crumpled structures and superior performance,with pure water permeance reaching 36.25 ± 0.42 L m^(-2)h^(-1)bar^(-1),representing an improvement of 14.47 L m^(-2)h^(-1)bar^(-1)compared to the control group.Additionally,it maintains a high Na_(2)SO_(4) rejection rate of97.00 % ± 0.58 %.The PA NF membranes produced by eliminating nanobubbles and free interfaces exhibited a smooth structure,whereas introducing nanobubbles(through Na HCO_(3) addition,N_(2) pressurization,and ultrasonication) resulted in the formation of crumpled membranes.This emphasized that the large amount of nanobubbles generated by SDBS and low temperature in the interfacial process played a critical role in shaping crumpled PA NF membranes and enhancing membrane performance.This approach has the potential to provide valuable insights into customizing the structural design of TFC PA NF membranes,contributing to further advancements in this field.
基金Special Research Assistant Program,China(2024000020)the Science and Technology Department of Qinghai Province,China(2024-ZJ-918)the“Kunlun Talents”Program of Qinghai(2024000075)。
文摘Abstract:Graphene-Based separation membranes hold promise for water treatment.However,their practical deployment in high-salinity brines remains challenging due to structural instability.Herein,a defect-free Na^(+)-Cu^(2+)/GO-PEI nanocomposite membrane was fabricated via a pH-controlled cross-linking polymerization strategy.Polyethyleneimine(PEI)serves as a critical interfacial stabilizer,enhancing the connection between the Na^(+)-GO and Cu^(2+)-GO layers through amide bond formation with GO nanosheets while facilitating Cu^(2+)chelation.The Na^(+)/GO layer modifies the pore structure of the polyether sulfone(PES)substrate,synergistically optimizing the membrane’s microstructure.Performances evaluation revealed that the as-prepared membrane achieved exceptional separation efficiency(>98%)for tributyl phosphate,sulfonated kerosene,and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate in high-salinity brine,accompanied by a high flux of 160~224 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1).Notably,it exhibited robust chemical stability in corrosive environment and maintained mechanical durability after 500 folding cycles coupled with consistent separation performances over 10 recycles.This study presents a novel multi-component modification approach for constructing high-performance GObased membrane,promising practical applications in organic pollutant removal from high salt solution.
文摘Bacterial outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)are spherical nanostructures that originate from Gram-negative bacteria.They are gaining attention as powerful tools in cancer diagnostics and therapy due to their unique biological properties.These vesicles,which range from 50 to 250 nm in size,carry molecular components from their parent bacteria,allowing them to play important roles in bacterial defense and microbial ecosystems.Their lipid bilayer structure facilitates targeted drug delivery,while their natural immunogenic properties hold promise for cancer immunotherapy by helping overcome immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment.Moreover,OMVs have potential as biomarkers in liquid biopsies,particularly for cancers associated with bacteria,such as gastric and colorectal cancers.Their ability to interact with the intratumoral microbiota further indicates their relevance in tumor pathogenesis.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental biology of OMVs and their emerging applications in cancer therapy.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52272100)the Fund of Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory(Grant No.WDZC20215250507)the Fund of National Key Laboratory of Nuclear Reactor Technology of Nuclear Power Institute of China(KGSW-0324-0301-08)。
文摘The demand for sensors capable of operating in extreme environment of the fields,such as aerospace vehicles,aeroengines and fire protection,is rapidly increasing.However,developing flexible ceramic fibrous pressure sensors that combine high temperature stability with robust mechanical properties remains a significant challenge.Herein,through precise multi-scale process control,high-strength(2.1 MPa)TiC-SiC flexible fibrous membrane is successfully fabricated.The membrane exhibits exceptional thermal resistance(2000℃)and long–term thermal stability(1800℃ for 5 h)in the inert atmosphere.Meanwhile,the TiC-SiC fibrous membrane shows excellent oxidation resistance and still achieves strength of 1.8 MPa after being oxidized at 1200℃ for 1 h in air.Remarkably,TiC-SiC fibrous membrane withstands a load of approximately 1400 times its own weight and the ablation of butane flame(~1300℃)for at least 1 h without breaking.Notably,after heat treatment at 1800℃ for 5 h in an argon atmosphere,the TiC-SiC fibrous membrane even sustains pressure–sensing performance for up to 300 cycles.The membrane exhibits stable resistivity up to 900℃ and shows sensing stability under butane flame.The results of this work provide an effective and feasible solution to fill the research gap of flexible fibrous sensors for extreme environments.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52273059 and 52473219)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(Grant Nos.22JCYBJC01030 and 23JCYBJC00650)provided by Yantai Tayho Advanced Materials Group Co.,Ltd.
文摘Alkaline water electrolysis(AWE)represents a promising approach for green hydrogen production,yet the development of high-performance separators with gas impermeability,high ion conductivity,and stability under alkaline operating conditions has proven challenging.To address this challenge,we develop a pre-concentration regulated phase separation strategy for scalable fabrication of asymmetric hierarchical porous membranes(AHPMs)for AWE.The resulting AHPMs demonstrate a hierarchical structure composed of an ultrathin dense skin layer and highly interconnected porous support.Benefitting from the structural advantages,the AHPMs exhibit outstanding characteristics,including a high bubble point pressure up to 12.4 bar,extremely low area resistance of 0.03Ωcm^(2) in 30 wt%KOH at 80℃,and excellent hydrophilicity and long-term alkaline stability.When applied in AWE with commercial catalysts,the AHPMs achieved an impressive current density of 1.9 A cm^(-2) at 2.0 V in 30 wt%KOH and the anodic hydrogen contents(AHCs)below 0.5 vol.%at a low current density of 0.1 A cm^(-2),differential pressure of 2 bar,and temperature of 80℃.Moreover,AHPMs demonstrate exceptional stability over 2,400 h of continuous operation and maintain superior performance in a 1 Nm^(3) h^(-1) industrialscale electrolyzer stack.This work advances the development of efficient separators for highperformance AWE systems,contributing to the advancement of hydrogen technologies in sustainable energy applications.
基金Funded in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB4006302)。
文摘We successfully incorporated phenyl groups into a small-molecule quaternary ammonium cross-linker and synthesized cross-linked polybenzimidazole membranes via a one-step cross-linking process.Compared with conventional quaternary ammonium-crosslinked benzimidazole membranes,the introduction of phenyl groups significantly increases the free volume within the membrane.After phosphoric acid doping,the benzimidazole membrane with larger free volume retains more phosphoric acid compared to conventional quaternary ammonium-crosslinked membranes,forming an extensive hydrogen-bonding network that effectively enhances its anhydrous proton conductivity.The anhydrous proton conductivity reaches 91 mS·cm^(-1)at 160℃,substantially higher than that of conventional quaternary ammonium-crosslinked membranes with the same mass fraction.Benefiting from the improved conductivity,the membrane electrode assembly exhibits reduced ohmic polarization,achieving a peak power density of 792 mW·cm^(-2)at 160℃.
基金supported by the Science Fund of NPU-Duke China Seeds Program(Grant No.119003067)the CAST-BISEE Fund(Grant No.MC010175)+1 种基金the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12372233)the“111”project of China(Grant No.B17037).
文摘This study explores the nonlinear resonance of a rotating solar sail membrane exposed to time-varying solar thermal and solar radiation pressure.The sail membrane is modeled using a cantilever membrane,applying the von Kármán theory for membrane large deflection.The membrane’s nonlinear equation is derived by employing the Lagrange equation while accounting for excitations from solar thermal and radiation pressure.The equation is solved via the Rayleigh-Ritz method.The bifurcation diagram of membrane motion is applied to reveal membrane resonance responses under different solar sail rotating frequencies.The displacement time history,phase portrait,Poincarémap,frequency spectrum,and the largest Lyapunov exponent are used to study nonlinear vibrations that occur near resonance regions.The results indicate that time-varying thermal loading excites membrane motions with multiple natural frequencies by the parametric resonance mechanics,leading to the onset of membrane chaotic motion.The membrane’s primary resonance is stimulated in harmonic oscillation by the time-varying radiation pressure.The divergence instability caused by thermal excitation is also illustrated by comparing the membrane’s vibration amplitude with and without thermal excitation.The membrane’s nonlinear vibration characteristics vary significantly with solar illumination angles,the membrane’s thermal expansion coefficients,and structural damping.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22378066,22108040)Collaboration&Innovation Platform Project of National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone(Fuzhou,Xiamen&Quanzhou)(Project No:3502ZCQXT2023004).
文摘The extraction of uranium from seawater via membrane adsorption is a promising strategy for ensuring a long-term supply of uranium and the sustainability of nuclear energy.However,this approach has been hindered by the longstanding challenge of identifying sustainable membrane materials.In response,we propose a prototypal hybridization strategy to design a novel series of aminated conjugated microporous polymer(CMPN)@collagen fiber membrane(COLM).These sustainable and low-cost membrane materials allow a rapid and high-affinity kinetic to capture 90%of the uranium in just 30 min from 50 ppm with a high selectivity of Kd>105 mL·g^(−1).They also afford a robustly reusable adsorption capacity as high as 345 mg·g^(−1)that could harvest 1.61 mg·g^(−1)of uranium in a short 7-day real marine engineering in Fujian Province,even though suffered from very low uranium concentration of 3.29μg·L^(−1)and tough influence of salts such as 10.77 g·L^(−1)of Na^(+),1.75μg·L^(−1)of VO_(3)^(−)etc.in the rough seas.The structural evidence from both experimental and theoretical studies confirmed the formation of favorable chelating motifs from the amino group on CMPN-COLM,and the intensification by the synergistic effect from the size-sieving action of CMPN and the capillary inflow effect of COLM.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation Project(23-13-00328)。
文摘Clean energy devices have the potential to change the world and avoid future energy crises.The development of new energyefficient technologies helps reduce our dependence on limited fossil fuel resources.Hydrogen energy is the key to achieving clean energy transition goals.Proton exchange membrane fuel cells play a critical role.Research and development of new hightech proton exchange membranes(PEMs)provide new horizons for the development of hydrogen energy.The use of carbon nanomaterials to improve PEM efficiency is one of the modern trends.The modification of modern membranes with fullerenes and their derivatives is an innovative strategy for increasing proton conductivity.This paper discusses the key principles of proton transport in PEMs modified with individual fullerenols,sulfofullerenes,carboxylated fullerenes,phosphofullerenes,and cianohydrofullerenes.The introduction of fullerene nanoparticles into polymer PEM induces an improvement in key properties.Summary information covers existing research on the use of fullerenes as nanoscale modifiers of proton-conducting materials.This review will help researchers to surpass the achieved results in the field of modern proton-conducting materials and stimulate the development of hydrogen energy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22479097)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(Grant Nos.23ZR1433000)the National High-Level Talent Program for Young Scholars,the Start-up Fund(F.S.)from Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China.We also acknowledge the SJTU Instrument Analysis Centre for the measurements.
文摘Two-dimensional nanofluidic membranes have garnered considerable interest due to their potential for cost-effective osmotic energy harvesting.One promising approach to enhancing ion conductivity and selectivity is the incorporation of vip additives.However,the traditional host-vip configuration can undermine the structural integrity of nanochannels owing to the inconsistent size and shape of these additives.Drawing inspiration from the intricate design of biological protein channels,which utilize small amino acid molecules as vips,we have addressed this issue by incorporating glycine,a common amino acid,into a vermiculite membrane using a simple vacuum-assisted infiltration method.The resulting vermiculite-glycine membrane demonstrates 1.8 times greater ionic conductivity and twice the power density compared to pure vermiculite membranes.Analysis based on glycine content,coupled with spectroscopic examination,reveals that ion conductivity is linked to the distribution of glycine molecules across three specific sites within the membrane.This suggests that glycine molecules—whether confined in voids,adsorbed onto nanochannel surfaces,or intercalated within multilayered vermiculite nanoparticles—enhance nanofluidic ion transport by modulating surface and space charge density,as well as strengthening hydrogen bonding,electrostatic interactions,and steric effects.This work reveals the specific interactions between amino acids and vermiculite,offering a novel path for advancing nanofluidic composite membranes and highlighting critical considerations for the proposed strategy.
文摘Covalent organic framework ionomers enable synergistic efficient transport of protons and oxygen in medium-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),as clean and efficient energy technologies,are constrained in their performance enhancement by the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics at the cathode,anode CO poisoning(e.g.,from methanol crossover)and intricate water management dilemmas[1].
文摘This paper summarizes the nursing experience of a child with acute fulminant myocarditis.Key nursing measures include establishing a multidisciplinary team to jointly formulate diagnosis and treatment plans;implementing refined volume management,anticoagulation management,and ventilator management during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation;providing personalized nutritional support for the child;and strengthening the prevention and management of complications.After active treatment and nursing care,the child recovered well and was successfully transferred out of the intensive care unit.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant Nos:2025-BSLH-247,2025-BSLH-246)Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Foundation(Grant Nos:LJ212410148012,LJ242510148002)+1 种基金Inner Mongolia’s Key R&D and Achievement Industrialization Program(Grant No:2025YFHH0017)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos:2025MD774148,2025M770082).
文摘The intractable trade-off between proton conductivity and vanadium ion selectivity,known as the‘transmission paradox’is a critical bottleneck hindering the commercialization of vanadium flow batteries(VFBs).Inspired by the multi-stage,synergistic filtration mechanism of the mammalian glomerular filtration barrier,a novel,biomimetic hierarchical composite membrane has been fabricated via a precise layer-by-layer strategy on a polyethylene(PE)substrate.This membrane integrates a polydopamine(PDA)adhesion layer,a sulfonated Zr-MOF ion-sieving layer,and a synergistic polybenzimidazole(PBI)matrix.Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the formation of a critical bifunctional acid-base interface(-SO_(3)^(−)…H^(+)N-)between the MOF and PBI,which densifies the structure and optimizes ion pathways.The resulting composite membrane exhibits excellent mechanical robustness,superior chemical stability,and exceptional dimensional stability.Most significantly,this architecture successfully decouples the performance trade-off,demonstrating both high proton conductivity(11.11 mS·cm^(-1))and remarkably suppressed vanadium ion permeability(2.4×10^(−8) cm^(2)·min^(-1)).This combination yields an outstanding ion selectivity of 46.29×10^(4) S·min·cm^(-3).When tested in a VFB single cell,the membrane enabled a high energy efficiency of 81.6%at 200 mA·cm^(-2),an ultra-long self-discharge time of 2700 min,and excellent long-term cycling stability.This biomimetic design strategy effectively resolves the core‘transmission paradox’offering a promising pathway for next-generation high-performance flow batteries.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC0862903)Supported by Jiangsu Future Membrane Technology Innovation Center(BM2021804)National Foreign Expert Program(H20240294).
文摘To develop an efficient filter for removing white blood cells from whole blood,hydrophilic large-pore blended membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF),polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol,with good biocompatibility,were prepared using the process of vapor-induced phase separation at various PVDF concentrations.The results demonstrated that at a PVDF mass concentration of 14%,the membrane had increased surface roughness,significantly enhanced hydrophilicity and wettability,and a wetting time of 8 s.The surface roughness of the membrane was also reduced to 31.637 nm.Furthermore,hemolysis rate and protein adsorption tests indicated that the blended membranes possessed excellent biocompatibility.They were reduced to 2.48%and 34.44μg·cm^(−2),respectively.The pore size of the fabricated membrane was relatively large,which reached approximately 8μm respectively,satisfying the filtration requirements.Lastly,the effects of different temperatures and multi-layered filters on leukocyte removal and the retention of red blood cells and platelets from whole blood were evaluated.The results revealed that the leukocyte removal rate was highest at 4℃ and with three membrane layers,the leukocyte removal rate was highest,reaching 98.36%,while the RBC and platelet content remained nearly unchanged compared with the original blood.This study provides a new approach for blood cell separation that is expected to play a significant role in medical fields such as blood transfusion demonstrating great potential for application and innovation.
