The electric double layer(EDL)at the electrochemical interface is crucial for ion transport,charge transfer,and surface reactions in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries(ARZBs).However,Zn anodes routinely encounter per...The electric double layer(EDL)at the electrochemical interface is crucial for ion transport,charge transfer,and surface reactions in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries(ARZBs).However,Zn anodes routinely encounter persistent dendrite growth and parasitic reactions,driven by the inhomogeneous charge distribution and water-dominated environment within the EDL.Compounding this,classical EDL theory,rooted in meanfield approximations,further fails to resolve molecular-scale interfacial dynamics under battery-operating conditions,limiting mechanistic insights.Herein,we established a multiscale theoretical calculation framework from single molecular characteristics to interfacial ion distribution,revealing the EDL’s structure and interactions between different ions and molecules,which helps us understand the parasitic processes in depth.Simulations demonstrate that water dipole and sulfate ion adsorption at the inner Helmholtz plane drives severe hydrogen evolution and by-product formation.Guided by these insights,we engineered a“water-poor and anion-expelled”EDL using 4,1’,6’-trichlorogalactosucrose(TGS)as an electrolyte additive.As a result,Zn||Zn symmetric cells with TGS exhibited stable cycling for over 4700 h under a current density of 1 mA cm^(−2),while NaV_(3)O_(8)·1.5H_(2)O-based full cells kept 90.4%of the initial specific capacity after 800 cycles at 5 A g^(−1).This work highlights the power of multiscale theoretical frameworks to unravel EDL complexities and guide high-performance ARZB design through integrated theory-experiment approaches.展开更多
To investigate the wind⁃induced vibration re⁃sponse characteristics of multispan double⁃layer cable photo⁃voltaic(PV)support structures,wind tunnel tests using an aeroelastic model were carried out to obtain the wind⁃...To investigate the wind⁃induced vibration re⁃sponse characteristics of multispan double⁃layer cable photo⁃voltaic(PV)support structures,wind tunnel tests using an aeroelastic model were carried out to obtain the wind⁃induced vibration response data of a three⁃span four⁃row double⁃layer cable PV support system.The wind⁃induced vibration characteristics with different PV module tilt angles,wind speeds,and wind direction angles were analyzed.The results showed that the double⁃layer cable large⁃span flexible PV support can effectively control the wind⁃induced vibration response and prevent the occur⁃rence of flutter under strong wind conditions.The maxi⁃mum value of the wind⁃induced vibration displacement of the flexible PV support system occurs in the windward first row.The upstream module has a significant shading effect on the downstream module,with a maximum effect of 23%.The most unfavorable wind direction angles of the structure are 0°and 180°.The change of the wind direction angle in the range of 0°to 30°has little effect on the wind vi⁃bration response.The change in the tilt angle of the PV modules has a greater impact on the wind vibration in the downwind direction and a smaller impact in the upwind di⁃rection.Special attention should be paid to the structural wind⁃resistant design of such systems in the upwind side span.展开更多
Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)is considered to be the most potential light-absorbing material to replace CuInGaSe_(2)(CIGS),but the actual photoelectric conversion efficiency of such cells is much lower than that of CIG...Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)is considered to be the most potential light-absorbing material to replace CuInGaSe_(2)(CIGS),but the actual photoelectric conversion efficiency of such cells is much lower than that of CIGS.One of the reasons is the high recombination rate of carriers at the interface.In this paper,in order to reduce the carrier recombination,a new solar cell structure with double absorber layers of Al-doped ZnO(AZO)/intrinsic(i)-ZnO/CdS/CZTS_(x1)Se_(1−x1)(CZTSSe_(1))/CZTS_(x2)Se_(1−x2)(CZTSSe_(2))/Mo was proposed,and the optimal conduction band offsets(CBOs)of CdS/CZTSSe_(1) interface and CZTSSe_(1)/CZTSSe_(2) interface were determined by changing the S ratio in CZTSSe_(1) and CZTSSe_(2),and the effect of thickness of CZTSSe_(1) on the performance of the cell was studied.The efficiencies of the optimized single and double absorber layers reached 17.97%and 23.4%,respectively.Compared with the single absorber layer structure,the proposed structure with double absorber layers has better cell performance.展开更多
Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)have emerged as a promising class of photocatalysts with remarkable properties for diverse energy and environmental-related applications.This review offers insights into recent advances ...Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)have emerged as a promising class of photocatalysts with remarkable properties for diverse energy and environmental-related applications.This review offers insights into recent advances in LDH-based photocatalysts,focusing on their synthesis methods,structural properties,and photocatalytic performance.The unique structure of LDHs,characterized by positively charged metal hydroxide layers and intercalated anions,presents opportunities for tailoring their properties to enhance photocatalytic performance.The mechanisms for pollutant degradation,water splitting,and CO_(2) reduction are discussed,along with strategies to enhance the efficacy and stability of LDH-based photocatalysts.The photocatalytic mechanisms of LDHs for various reactions,including pollutant degradation,water splitting,and CO_(2) reduction,are discussed.Additionally,strategies for enriching the efficacy and stability of LDH-based photocatalysts are explored.This review underscores the significant potential of LDHs as versatile and efficient photocatalysts for addressing current environmental and energy challenges.展开更多
The doubled haploid(DH)technique accelerates homozygosity by inducing chromosome doubling in haploid embryos derived from hybrid plants.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional rice breeding metho...The doubled haploid(DH)technique accelerates homozygosity by inducing chromosome doubling in haploid embryos derived from hybrid plants.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional rice breeding methods by shortening the breeding cycle and enabling rapid development of pure homozygous lines.Anther culture(AC)has been established as an efficient and successful method for producing DH plants via androgenesis in rice.However,despite its success in japonica rice.展开更多
Wing design is a critical factor in the aerodynamic performance of flapping-wing(FW)robots.Inspired by the natural wing structures of insects,bats,and birds,we explored how bio-mimetic wing vein morphologies,combined ...Wing design is a critical factor in the aerodynamic performance of flapping-wing(FW)robots.Inspired by the natural wing structures of insects,bats,and birds,we explored how bio-mimetic wing vein morphologies,combined with a bio-inspired double wing clap-and-fling mechanism,affect thrust generation.This study focused on increasing vertical force and payload capacity.Through systematic experimentation with various vein configurations and structural designs,we developed innovative wings optimized for thrust production.Comprehensive tests were conducted to measure aerodynamic forces,power consumption,and wing kinematics across a range of flapping frequencies.Additionally,wings with different aspect ratios,a key factor in wing design,were fabricated and extensively evaluated.The study also examined the role of bio-inspired vein layouts on wing flexibility,a critical component in improving flight efficiency.Our findings demonstrate that the newly developed wing design led to a 20%increase in thrust,achieving up to 30 g-force(gf).This research sheds light on the clap-and-fling effect and establishes a promising framework for bio-inspired wing design,offering significant improvements in both performance and payload capacity for FW robots.展开更多
Time-delayed blasting is widely utilized in engineering to mitigate induced vibration hazards and enhance fragmentation.The underlying vibration reduction principle is the decrease of the charge weight per delay,while...Time-delayed blasting is widely utilized in engineering to mitigate induced vibration hazards and enhance fragmentation.The underlying vibration reduction principle is the decrease of the charge weight per delay,while the potential for further vibration reduction remains debated,largely due to unclear underlying mechanisms.In light of the popularization of electronic detonators and the representativeness of double-hole configurationsfor multiple blastholes,it is essential to investigate the vibration characteristics induced by time-delayed double blastholes.Therefore,a series of doubleborehole experimental blasts was conducted in an underground roadway to clarify the variation in vibration from single-hole to dual-hole conditions.Based on the experimental data and inherent limitations,an exact full-fieldtheoretical model was further employed to systematically analyze the effects of delay time,charge length,and borehole inclination angle on vibrations induced by various doublehole configurations.The experimental data and theoretical analysis reveal that the general scaled distance effectively predicts vibrations in delayed blasting but does not reflectvibration reduction.Increasing delay time causes fluctuatingPPVs,which stabilize slightly above single-hole PPVs as delay times exceed a certain value.The delayed blasting primarily reduces near-fieldfrequencies.Longer charge lengths in double boreholes increase PPV levels and attenuation rates within a certain length,and the vibration behavior of combined long and short charge lengths is governed by the long blasthole.Larger blasthole inclination angles enhance vibration amplitude and reduce PPV attenuation rates.Optimizing inclination angles is more critical than adjusting delay times,and parallel boreholes offer the best vibration control.展开更多
The present study investigates the flow,heat,and mass transfer analysis in the bioconvection of nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms through a semi-porous curved oscillatory channel with a magnetic fi...The present study investigates the flow,heat,and mass transfer analysis in the bioconvection of nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms through a semi-porous curved oscillatory channel with a magnetic field.These microorganisms produce density gradients by swimming,which induces macroscopic convection flows in the fluid.This procedure improves the mass and heat transfer,illustrating the interaction between biological activity and fluid dynamics.Furthermore,instead of considering traditional Fourier's and Fick's law the energy and concentration equations are developed by incorporating Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion theory.Moreover,to examine the influence of thermophoresis and Brownian diffusions in the fluid we have adopted the Buongiorno nanofluid model.Due to the oscillation of the surface of the channel,the mathematical development of the considered flow problem is obtained in the form of partial differential equations via the curvilinear coordinate system.The convergent series solution of the governing flow equations is obtained after applying the homotopy analysis method(HAM).The effects of different pertinent flow parameters on velocity,motile microorganism density distribution,concentration,pressure,temperature,and skin friction coefficient are examined and discussed in detail with the help of graphs and tables.It is observed during the current study that the density of microorganisms is enhanced for higher values of Reynolds number,Peclet number,radius of curvature variable,and Lewis number.展开更多
Soft X-ray detectors play a vital role in materials science,high-energy physics and medical imaging.Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6),a lead-free double perovskite,has gained attention for its excellent optoelectronic properties,stabi...Soft X-ray detectors play a vital role in materials science,high-energy physics and medical imaging.Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6),a lead-free double perovskite,has gained attention for its excellent optoelectronic properties,stability,and nontoxicity.However,its fast crystallization and requirement for high-temperature annealing(>250℃)often lead to inferior film quality,limiting its application in flexible devices.This study introduces an alloying strategy that significantly improves the quality of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)thin films annealed at a reduced temperature of 150℃.Devices based on the alloyed thin films exhibit an ultra-low dark current of 0.32 nA·cm^(-2)and a quantum efficiency of 725%.Furthermore,the first successful integration of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)with a thinfilm transistor backplane demonstrates its superior imaging performance,indicating that Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)is a promising material for next-generation soft X-ray sensors.展开更多
Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of double-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection in patients with acute secretory otitis media.Methods:A total of 84 patients with acute secr...Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of double-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection in patients with acute secretory otitis media.Methods:A total of 84 patients with acute secretory otitis media admitted to our hospital from June 2024 to June 2025 were selected and randomly divided into two groups by drawing lots.The control group(42 cases)was treated with the traditional single-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection method,while the observation group(42 cases)was treated with the double-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection method.The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared.Results:The overall treatment response rate,overall complication rate,time to symptom relief,and improvement in hearing threshold in the observation group were all superior to those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:For acute secretory otitis media,the treatment method of double-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection demonstrates definite efficacy,significantly reducing the incidence of complications,accelerating symptom relief,and improving hearing function,making it worthy of promotion.展开更多
In recent decades,annual urban fire incidents,including those involving ancient wooden buildings burned,transportation,and solar panels,have increased,leading to significant loss of human life and property.Addressing ...In recent decades,annual urban fire incidents,including those involving ancient wooden buildings burned,transportation,and solar panels,have increased,leading to significant loss of human life and property.Addressing this issue without altering the surface morphology or interfering with optical behavior of flammable materials poses a substantial challenge.Herein,we present a transparent,low thickness,ceramifiable nanosystem coating composed of a highly adhesive base(poly(SSS1-co-HEMA1)),nanoscale layered double hydroxide sheets as ceramic precursors,and supramolecular melamine di-borate as an accelerator.We demonstrate that this hybrid coating can transform into a porous,fire-resistant protective layer with a highly thermostable vitreous phase upon exposure to flame/heat source.A nanosystem coating of just~100μm thickness can significantly increase the limiting oxygen index of wood(Pine)to 37.3%,dramatically reduce total heat release by 78.6%,and maintain low smoke toxicity(CIT_G=0.016).Detailed molecular force analysis,combined with a comprehensive examination of the underlying flame-retardant mechanisms,underscores the effectiveness of this coating.This work offers a strategy for creating efficient,environmentally friendly coatings with fire safety applications across various industries.展开更多
Co_(3)S_(4)electrocatalysts with mixed valences of Co ions and excellent structural stability possess favorable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity,yet challenges remain in fabricating rechargeable lithiumoxygen ba...Co_(3)S_(4)electrocatalysts with mixed valences of Co ions and excellent structural stability possess favorable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity,yet challenges remain in fabricating rechargeable lithiumoxygen batteries(LOBs)due to their poor OER performance,resulting from poor electrical conductivity and overly strong intermediate adsorption.In this work,fancy double heterojunctions on 1T/2H-MoS_(2)@Co_(3)S_(4)(1T/2H-MCS)were constructed derived from the charge donation from Co to Mo ions,thus inducing the phase transformation of Mo S_(2)from 2H to 1T.The unique features of these double heterojunctions endow the1T/2H-MCS with complementary catalysis during charging and discharging processes.It is worth noting that 1T-Mo S2@Co3S4could provide fast Co-S-Mo electron transport channels to promote ORR/OER kinetics,and 2H-MoS_(2)@Co_(3)S_(4)contributed to enabling moderate egorbital occupancy when adsorbed with oxygen-containing intermediates.On the basis,the Li_(2)O_(2)nucleation route was changed to solution and surface dual pathways,improving reversible deposition and decomposition kinetics.As a result,1T/2H-MCS cathodes exhibit an improved electrocatalytic performance compared with those of Co_(3)S_(4)and Mo S2cathodes.This innovative heterostructure design provides a reliable strategy to construct efficient transition metal sulfide catalysts by improving electrical conductivity and modulating adsorption toward oxygenated intermediates for LOBs.展开更多
Background:Double blind-ending ureter(DBU)is an extremely rare congenital anomaly involving a duplicated ureter with no connection to the renal pelvis or bladder,making diagnosis difficult.Case Description:A 10-year-o...Background:Double blind-ending ureter(DBU)is an extremely rare congenital anomaly involving a duplicated ureter with no connection to the renal pelvis or bladder,making diagnosis difficult.Case Description:A 10-year-old girl presented with recurrent abdominal pain and ultrasound evidence of left hydroureteronephrosis.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction revealed a 30 cm blind-ending ureter.Robotic-assisted excision(Da Vinci Xi)was performed safely,preserving adjacent structures.Histology confirmed a nonfunctional ureteral remnant.Conclusions:DBU is a rare duplication variant.Advanced imaging and robotic surgery are essential for accurate diagnosis and effective,minimally invasive treatment.展开更多
Abiotic oxygen formation predates photosynthesis,sustaining early chemical evolution,yet its elementary mechanisms remain contested.Here,we show the production pathways for molecular oxygen from doubly ionized carbon ...Abiotic oxygen formation predates photosynthesis,sustaining early chemical evolution,yet its elementary mechanisms remain contested.Here,we show the production pathways for molecular oxygen from doubly ionized carbon dioxide upon electron-impact.Through fragment ions and electron coincidence momentum imaging,we unambiguously determine the ionization mechanism by measuring the projectile energy loss in association with the C^(+) +O_(2)^(+) channel.Further potential energy and trajectory calculations enable us to elucidate the dynamical details of this fragmentation process,in which a bond rearrangement pathway is found to proceed via the structural deformation to a triangular intermediate.Moreover,we demonstrate a further roaming pathway for the formation of O_(2)^(+) from CO_(2)^(+) 2,in which a frustrated C-O bond cleavage leaves the O atom without sufficient energy to escape.The O atom then wanders around varied configuration spaces of the flat potential energy regions and forms a C-O-O_(2)^(+) intermediate prior to the final products C^(+) +O_(2)^(+).Considering the large quantities of free electrons in interstellar space,the processes revealed here are expected to be significant and should be incorporated into atmospheric evolution models.展开更多
Reducing the highly toxic Cr(Ⅵ)to safe levels is a critical challenge in water treatment,essential for protecting both ecosystems and human health.In this study,we present a facile in situ polymerization approach to ...Reducing the highly toxic Cr(Ⅵ)to safe levels is a critical challenge in water treatment,essential for protecting both ecosystems and human health.In this study,we present a facile in situ polymerization approach to prepare polypyrrole-coated layered double hydroxide composites(PPy/NiFe LDHs).Compared with other LDHs and polypyrrole-based materials,the synthesized PPy/LDHs exhibit excellent adsorption performance under mildly acidic conditions,achieving a maximum Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption capacity of440.4 mg/g at pH 5.Notably,PPy/LDH effectively reduces Cr(Ⅵ)concentration from 10 mg/L to 0.028 mg/L,well below the maximum permissible level of 0.05 mg/L for drinking water.Additionally,PPy/LDH demonstrates durable stability;at pH 5,nickel and iron ions are not detected after adsorption,and trivalent chromium remains fixed on the material without re-release into the solution following reduction.The adsorption behavior and mechanistic analysis indicate that a combination of adsorption and reduction drives Cr(Ⅵ)removal by PPy/LDHs.This work offers an innovative approach to effectively remove the low concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ)from water,showing significant potential for efficient Cr(Ⅵ)remediation.展开更多
Recent advances in two-dimensional layered systems have greatly enriched electronic transport studies, particularly in inter-layer Coulomb drag research. Here, systematic transport measurements were conducted in graph...Recent advances in two-dimensional layered systems have greatly enriched electronic transport studies, particularly in inter-layer Coulomb drag research. Here, systematic transport measurements were conducted in graphene-based electronic double-layer structures, revealing giant yet reproducible drag fluctuations at cryogenic temperatures. These fluctuations' characteristics, including amplitude and peak/valley spacing, are mainly determined by the drag layer's carrier dynamics rather than the drive layer's, resulting in violation of the Onsager reciprocity relation. Notably, the drag fluctuations remain observable up to 35 K, far exceeding universal conductance fluctuations within individual layers. This suggests enhanced phase coherence in inter-layer drag compared to single-layer transport, as further confirmed by quantitative analysis of auto-correlation fields of fluctuations under magnetic fields. Our findings provide new insights into quantum interference effects and their interplay with Coulomb interactions in solids. The observations of significant drag fluctuations could potentially help address chaotic signals between nearby components in nanoscale devices.展开更多
The poor oxidation stability of ether-based solvents has long been a major challenge limiting their practical application.To enhance the oxidative stability of ether-based electrolytes,the physicochemical properties o...The poor oxidation stability of ether-based solvents has long been a major challenge limiting their practical application.To enhance the oxidative stability of ether-based electrolytes,the physicochemical properties of various glycol dimethyl ethers are screened,and diglyme(G2)is selected as the sole solvent for the electrolyte.Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI),a highly dissociative salt,is used as the primary salt;while lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))and lithium difluorophosphate(LiDFP),which have small ionic sizes and strong binding energies,are added as secondary salts.The resulting electrolyte can modulate the electric double layer structure by NO_(3)^(-) and DFP^(-) on the cathode side,leading to an increased Liþconcentration that is originally repelled by the cathode.Additionally,the oxidation stability of the electrolyte is improved and the formed electrode-electrolyte interphase is more uniform and stable,thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of the cells.As a result,cells assembled with a total of 1 M ternary lithium salts in G2 solvent can operate at high voltage of 4.4 V.The LijjNCM811 cells maintain 80.2%capacity retention after 270 cycles at room temperature,with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.5%,and exhibit 88.4%capacity retention after 200 cycles at -30℃.展开更多
Rationally design the morphology and structure of electroactive nanomaterials is an effective approach to enhance the performance of aqueous batteries.Herein,we co-engineered the hollow architecture and interlayer spa...Rationally design the morphology and structure of electroactive nanomaterials is an effective approach to enhance the performance of aqueous batteries.Herein,we co-engineered the hollow architecture and interlayer spacing of layered double hydroxides(LDH)to achieve high electrochemical activity.The hierarchical hollow LDH was prepared from bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIF)by a facile cation exchange strategy.Zn and Cu elements were selected as the second metals incorporated in Co-ZIF.The characteristics of the corresponding derivatives were studied.Besides,the transformation mechanism of CoZn-ZIF into nanosheet-assembled hollow Co Zn Ni LDH(denoted as CoZnNi-OH)was systematically investigated.Importantly,the interlayer spacing of CoZnNi-OH expands due to Zn^(2+)incorporation.The prepared CoZnNi-OH offers large surface area,exposed active sites,and rapid mass transfer/diffusion rate,which lead to a significant enhancement in the specific capacitance,rate performance,and cycle stability of CoZnNi-OH electrode.In addition,the aqueous alkaline CoZnNi-OH//Zn showed a maximum energy density/power density of 0.924 m Wh/cm^(2),8.479 m W/cm^(2).This work not only raises an insightful strategy for regulating the morphology and interlayer spacing of LDH,but also provides a reference of designing hollow nickel-based nanomaterials for aqueous batteries.展开更多
In the present review,we addressed the synthesis and applications of the magnetic layered double hydroxide nanocomposites in different scientific areas including catalysis,environmental remediation,and biological func...In the present review,we addressed the synthesis and applications of the magnetic layered double hydroxide nanocomposites in different scientific areas including catalysis,environmental remediation,and biological functions.First,we appraised the varied approaches for the synthesis of layered double hydroxides(LDHs),containing co-precipitation,hydrothermal,sol–gel,ion-exchange,urea hydrolysis,and reconstruction methods.Afterward,we concentrated on the utility of the magnetic LDH-based composites and evaluated their catalytic effectiveness in 4-nitrophenol reduction,coupling reactions,preparation of polycyclic aromatic compounds,and oxidation reactions.Next,the applicability of magnetic LDHs was assessed in the removal of water pollutants and dyes.Ultimately,we discussed the efficiency of magnetic LDH nanocomposites for biological applications like drug delivery.Investigating the obtained results of the reviewed reports demonstrated the auspicious performance of these compounds in all of the above-mentioned fields.Overall,the magnetic LDH-based composites manifested a satisfactory outlook in various scientific areas due to their stability,remarkable flexibility,relatively proper surface area,appropriate adsorption capacity,as well as propitious retrievability and reusability character.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52471240)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ23B030003)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2024-00075)support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC,UK)RiR grant-RIR18221018-1EU COST CA23155。
文摘The electric double layer(EDL)at the electrochemical interface is crucial for ion transport,charge transfer,and surface reactions in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries(ARZBs).However,Zn anodes routinely encounter persistent dendrite growth and parasitic reactions,driven by the inhomogeneous charge distribution and water-dominated environment within the EDL.Compounding this,classical EDL theory,rooted in meanfield approximations,further fails to resolve molecular-scale interfacial dynamics under battery-operating conditions,limiting mechanistic insights.Herein,we established a multiscale theoretical calculation framework from single molecular characteristics to interfacial ion distribution,revealing the EDL’s structure and interactions between different ions and molecules,which helps us understand the parasitic processes in depth.Simulations demonstrate that water dipole and sulfate ion adsorption at the inner Helmholtz plane drives severe hydrogen evolution and by-product formation.Guided by these insights,we engineered a“water-poor and anion-expelled”EDL using 4,1’,6’-trichlorogalactosucrose(TGS)as an electrolyte additive.As a result,Zn||Zn symmetric cells with TGS exhibited stable cycling for over 4700 h under a current density of 1 mA cm^(−2),while NaV_(3)O_(8)·1.5H_(2)O-based full cells kept 90.4%of the initial specific capacity after 800 cycles at 5 A g^(−1).This work highlights the power of multiscale theoretical frameworks to unravel EDL complexities and guide high-performance ARZB design through integrated theory-experiment approaches.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52338011).
文摘To investigate the wind⁃induced vibration re⁃sponse characteristics of multispan double⁃layer cable photo⁃voltaic(PV)support structures,wind tunnel tests using an aeroelastic model were carried out to obtain the wind⁃induced vibration response data of a three⁃span four⁃row double⁃layer cable PV support system.The wind⁃induced vibration characteristics with different PV module tilt angles,wind speeds,and wind direction angles were analyzed.The results showed that the double⁃layer cable large⁃span flexible PV support can effectively control the wind⁃induced vibration response and prevent the occur⁃rence of flutter under strong wind conditions.The maxi⁃mum value of the wind⁃induced vibration displacement of the flexible PV support system occurs in the windward first row.The upstream module has a significant shading effect on the downstream module,with a maximum effect of 23%.The most unfavorable wind direction angles of the structure are 0°and 180°.The change of the wind direction angle in the range of 0°to 30°has little effect on the wind vi⁃bration response.The change in the tilt angle of the PV modules has a greater impact on the wind vibration in the downwind direction and a smaller impact in the upwind di⁃rection.Special attention should be paid to the structural wind⁃resistant design of such systems in the upwind side span.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Development Program(No.70304901).
文摘Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)is considered to be the most potential light-absorbing material to replace CuInGaSe_(2)(CIGS),but the actual photoelectric conversion efficiency of such cells is much lower than that of CIGS.One of the reasons is the high recombination rate of carriers at the interface.In this paper,in order to reduce the carrier recombination,a new solar cell structure with double absorber layers of Al-doped ZnO(AZO)/intrinsic(i)-ZnO/CdS/CZTS_(x1)Se_(1−x1)(CZTSSe_(1))/CZTS_(x2)Se_(1−x2)(CZTSSe_(2))/Mo was proposed,and the optimal conduction band offsets(CBOs)of CdS/CZTSSe_(1) interface and CZTSSe_(1)/CZTSSe_(2) interface were determined by changing the S ratio in CZTSSe_(1) and CZTSSe_(2),and the effect of thickness of CZTSSe_(1) on the performance of the cell was studied.The efficiencies of the optimized single and double absorber layers reached 17.97%and 23.4%,respectively.Compared with the single absorber layer structure,the proposed structure with double absorber layers has better cell performance.
基金supported by Karpagam Academy of Higher Education,India(No.KAHE/R-Acad/A1/Seed Money/024/2981)。
文摘Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)have emerged as a promising class of photocatalysts with remarkable properties for diverse energy and environmental-related applications.This review offers insights into recent advances in LDH-based photocatalysts,focusing on their synthesis methods,structural properties,and photocatalytic performance.The unique structure of LDHs,characterized by positively charged metal hydroxide layers and intercalated anions,presents opportunities for tailoring their properties to enhance photocatalytic performance.The mechanisms for pollutant degradation,water splitting,and CO_(2) reduction are discussed,along with strategies to enhance the efficacy and stability of LDH-based photocatalysts.The photocatalytic mechanisms of LDHs for various reactions,including pollutant degradation,water splitting,and CO_(2) reduction,are discussed.Additionally,strategies for enriching the efficacy and stability of LDH-based photocatalysts are explored.This review underscores the significant potential of LDHs as versatile and efficient photocatalysts for addressing current environmental and energy challenges.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,China(Grant No.KFB22045)the General Program of Natural Science Foundation Fujian,China(Grant No.2023J01460).
文摘The doubled haploid(DH)technique accelerates homozygosity by inducing chromosome doubling in haploid embryos derived from hybrid plants.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional rice breeding methods by shortening the breeding cycle and enabling rapid development of pure homozygous lines.Anther culture(AC)has been established as an efficient and successful method for producing DH plants via androgenesis in rice.However,despite its success in japonica rice.
基金Nguyen Tat Thanh University,Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam for supporting this study。
文摘Wing design is a critical factor in the aerodynamic performance of flapping-wing(FW)robots.Inspired by the natural wing structures of insects,bats,and birds,we explored how bio-mimetic wing vein morphologies,combined with a bio-inspired double wing clap-and-fling mechanism,affect thrust generation.This study focused on increasing vertical force and payload capacity.Through systematic experimentation with various vein configurations and structural designs,we developed innovative wings optimized for thrust production.Comprehensive tests were conducted to measure aerodynamic forces,power consumption,and wing kinematics across a range of flapping frequencies.Additionally,wings with different aspect ratios,a key factor in wing design,were fabricated and extensively evaluated.The study also examined the role of bio-inspired vein layouts on wing flexibility,a critical component in improving flight efficiency.Our findings demonstrate that the newly developed wing design led to a 20%increase in thrust,achieving up to 30 g-force(gf).This research sheds light on the clap-and-fling effect and establishes a promising framework for bio-inspired wing design,offering significant improvements in both performance and payload capacity for FW robots.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42407267 and 52374152)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20220975).
文摘Time-delayed blasting is widely utilized in engineering to mitigate induced vibration hazards and enhance fragmentation.The underlying vibration reduction principle is the decrease of the charge weight per delay,while the potential for further vibration reduction remains debated,largely due to unclear underlying mechanisms.In light of the popularization of electronic detonators and the representativeness of double-hole configurationsfor multiple blastholes,it is essential to investigate the vibration characteristics induced by time-delayed double blastholes.Therefore,a series of doubleborehole experimental blasts was conducted in an underground roadway to clarify the variation in vibration from single-hole to dual-hole conditions.Based on the experimental data and inherent limitations,an exact full-fieldtheoretical model was further employed to systematically analyze the effects of delay time,charge length,and borehole inclination angle on vibrations induced by various doublehole configurations.The experimental data and theoretical analysis reveal that the general scaled distance effectively predicts vibrations in delayed blasting but does not reflectvibration reduction.Increasing delay time causes fluctuatingPPVs,which stabilize slightly above single-hole PPVs as delay times exceed a certain value.The delayed blasting primarily reduces near-fieldfrequencies.Longer charge lengths in double boreholes increase PPV levels and attenuation rates within a certain length,and the vibration behavior of combined long and short charge lengths is governed by the long blasthole.Larger blasthole inclination angles enhance vibration amplitude and reduce PPV attenuation rates.Optimizing inclination angles is more critical than adjusting delay times,and parallel boreholes offer the best vibration control.
文摘The present study investigates the flow,heat,and mass transfer analysis in the bioconvection of nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms through a semi-porous curved oscillatory channel with a magnetic field.These microorganisms produce density gradients by swimming,which induces macroscopic convection flows in the fluid.This procedure improves the mass and heat transfer,illustrating the interaction between biological activity and fluid dynamics.Furthermore,instead of considering traditional Fourier's and Fick's law the energy and concentration equations are developed by incorporating Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion theory.Moreover,to examine the influence of thermophoresis and Brownian diffusions in the fluid we have adopted the Buongiorno nanofluid model.Due to the oscillation of the surface of the channel,the mathematical development of the considered flow problem is obtained in the form of partial differential equations via the curvilinear coordinate system.The convergent series solution of the governing flow equations is obtained after applying the homotopy analysis method(HAM).The effects of different pertinent flow parameters on velocity,motile microorganism density distribution,concentration,pressure,temperature,and skin friction coefficient are examined and discussed in detail with the help of graphs and tables.It is observed during the current study that the density of microorganisms is enhanced for higher values of Reynolds number,Peclet number,radius of curvature variable,and Lewis number.
基金supported by the NSFC under Grant No.62474169the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2024YFB3212200the funding from USTC under Grant Nos.WK2100000025,KY2190000003,and KY2190000006。
文摘Soft X-ray detectors play a vital role in materials science,high-energy physics and medical imaging.Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6),a lead-free double perovskite,has gained attention for its excellent optoelectronic properties,stability,and nontoxicity.However,its fast crystallization and requirement for high-temperature annealing(>250℃)often lead to inferior film quality,limiting its application in flexible devices.This study introduces an alloying strategy that significantly improves the quality of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)thin films annealed at a reduced temperature of 150℃.Devices based on the alloyed thin films exhibit an ultra-low dark current of 0.32 nA·cm^(-2)and a quantum efficiency of 725%.Furthermore,the first successful integration of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)with a thinfilm transistor backplane demonstrates its superior imaging performance,indicating that Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)is a promising material for next-generation soft X-ray sensors.
文摘Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of double-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection in patients with acute secretory otitis media.Methods:A total of 84 patients with acute secretory otitis media admitted to our hospital from June 2024 to June 2025 were selected and randomly divided into two groups by drawing lots.The control group(42 cases)was treated with the traditional single-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection method,while the observation group(42 cases)was treated with the double-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection method.The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared.Results:The overall treatment response rate,overall complication rate,time to symptom relief,and improvement in hearing threshold in the observation group were all superior to those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:For acute secretory otitis media,the treatment method of double-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection demonstrates definite efficacy,significantly reducing the incidence of complications,accelerating symptom relief,and improving hearing function,making it worthy of promotion.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(524B2168,U22A20149,52173081,and 52273275)。
文摘In recent decades,annual urban fire incidents,including those involving ancient wooden buildings burned,transportation,and solar panels,have increased,leading to significant loss of human life and property.Addressing this issue without altering the surface morphology or interfering with optical behavior of flammable materials poses a substantial challenge.Herein,we present a transparent,low thickness,ceramifiable nanosystem coating composed of a highly adhesive base(poly(SSS1-co-HEMA1)),nanoscale layered double hydroxide sheets as ceramic precursors,and supramolecular melamine di-borate as an accelerator.We demonstrate that this hybrid coating can transform into a porous,fire-resistant protective layer with a highly thermostable vitreous phase upon exposure to flame/heat source.A nanosystem coating of just~100μm thickness can significantly increase the limiting oxygen index of wood(Pine)to 37.3%,dramatically reduce total heat release by 78.6%,and maintain low smoke toxicity(CIT_G=0.016).Detailed molecular force analysis,combined with a comprehensive examination of the underlying flame-retardant mechanisms,underscores the effectiveness of this coating.This work offers a strategy for creating efficient,environmentally friendly coatings with fire safety applications across various industries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20311,U24A2040,52171141,52272117)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022JQ19)+3 种基金the Key Technology Research Project of Shandong Province(2023CXGC010202)the Taishan Industrial Experts Program(TSCX202306142)the Core Facility Sharing Platform of Shandong Universitythe Foundation of Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education),Nankai University。
文摘Co_(3)S_(4)electrocatalysts with mixed valences of Co ions and excellent structural stability possess favorable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity,yet challenges remain in fabricating rechargeable lithiumoxygen batteries(LOBs)due to their poor OER performance,resulting from poor electrical conductivity and overly strong intermediate adsorption.In this work,fancy double heterojunctions on 1T/2H-MoS_(2)@Co_(3)S_(4)(1T/2H-MCS)were constructed derived from the charge donation from Co to Mo ions,thus inducing the phase transformation of Mo S_(2)from 2H to 1T.The unique features of these double heterojunctions endow the1T/2H-MCS with complementary catalysis during charging and discharging processes.It is worth noting that 1T-Mo S2@Co3S4could provide fast Co-S-Mo electron transport channels to promote ORR/OER kinetics,and 2H-MoS_(2)@Co_(3)S_(4)contributed to enabling moderate egorbital occupancy when adsorbed with oxygen-containing intermediates.On the basis,the Li_(2)O_(2)nucleation route was changed to solution and surface dual pathways,improving reversible deposition and decomposition kinetics.As a result,1T/2H-MCS cathodes exhibit an improved electrocatalytic performance compared with those of Co_(3)S_(4)and Mo S2cathodes.This innovative heterostructure design provides a reliable strategy to construct efficient transition metal sulfide catalysts by improving electrical conductivity and modulating adsorption toward oxygenated intermediates for LOBs.
文摘Background:Double blind-ending ureter(DBU)is an extremely rare congenital anomaly involving a duplicated ureter with no connection to the renal pelvis or bladder,making diagnosis difficult.Case Description:A 10-year-old girl presented with recurrent abdominal pain and ultrasound evidence of left hydroureteronephrosis.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction revealed a 30 cm blind-ending ureter.Robotic-assisted excision(Da Vinci Xi)was performed safely,preserving adjacent structures.Histology confirmed a nonfunctional ureteral remnant.Conclusions:DBU is a rare duplication variant.Advanced imaging and robotic surgery are essential for accurate diagnosis and effective,minimally invasive treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12325406,92261201,12404305,and W2512072)the Shaanxi Province Natural Science Fundamental Research Project (Grant Nos.2023JC-XJ-03 and23JSQ013)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos.BX20240286 and 2024M7625)。
文摘Abiotic oxygen formation predates photosynthesis,sustaining early chemical evolution,yet its elementary mechanisms remain contested.Here,we show the production pathways for molecular oxygen from doubly ionized carbon dioxide upon electron-impact.Through fragment ions and electron coincidence momentum imaging,we unambiguously determine the ionization mechanism by measuring the projectile energy loss in association with the C^(+) +O_(2)^(+) channel.Further potential energy and trajectory calculations enable us to elucidate the dynamical details of this fragmentation process,in which a bond rearrangement pathway is found to proceed via the structural deformation to a triangular intermediate.Moreover,we demonstrate a further roaming pathway for the formation of O_(2)^(+) from CO_(2)^(+) 2,in which a frustrated C-O bond cleavage leaves the O atom without sufficient energy to escape.The O atom then wanders around varied configuration spaces of the flat potential energy regions and forms a C-O-O_(2)^(+) intermediate prior to the final products C^(+) +O_(2)^(+).Considering the large quantities of free electrons in interstellar space,the processes revealed here are expected to be significant and should be incorporated into atmospheric evolution models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52370070,and 52070047)。
文摘Reducing the highly toxic Cr(Ⅵ)to safe levels is a critical challenge in water treatment,essential for protecting both ecosystems and human health.In this study,we present a facile in situ polymerization approach to prepare polypyrrole-coated layered double hydroxide composites(PPy/NiFe LDHs).Compared with other LDHs and polypyrrole-based materials,the synthesized PPy/LDHs exhibit excellent adsorption performance under mildly acidic conditions,achieving a maximum Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption capacity of440.4 mg/g at pH 5.Notably,PPy/LDH effectively reduces Cr(Ⅵ)concentration from 10 mg/L to 0.028 mg/L,well below the maximum permissible level of 0.05 mg/L for drinking water.Additionally,PPy/LDH demonstrates durable stability;at pH 5,nickel and iron ions are not detected after adsorption,and trivalent chromium remains fixed on the material without re-release into the solution following reduction.The adsorption behavior and mechanistic analysis indicate that a combination of adsorption and reduction drives Cr(Ⅵ)removal by PPy/LDHs.This work offers an innovative approach to effectively remove the low concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ)from water,showing significant potential for efficient Cr(Ⅵ)remediation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12474051 and 92165201)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (Grant No.YSBR-046)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2023YFA1406300)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos.2308085J11 and2308085QA14)。
文摘Recent advances in two-dimensional layered systems have greatly enriched electronic transport studies, particularly in inter-layer Coulomb drag research. Here, systematic transport measurements were conducted in graphene-based electronic double-layer structures, revealing giant yet reproducible drag fluctuations at cryogenic temperatures. These fluctuations' characteristics, including amplitude and peak/valley spacing, are mainly determined by the drag layer's carrier dynamics rather than the drive layer's, resulting in violation of the Onsager reciprocity relation. Notably, the drag fluctuations remain observable up to 35 K, far exceeding universal conductance fluctuations within individual layers. This suggests enhanced phase coherence in inter-layer drag compared to single-layer transport, as further confirmed by quantitative analysis of auto-correlation fields of fluctuations under magnetic fields. Our findings provide new insights into quantum interference effects and their interplay with Coulomb interactions in solids. The observations of significant drag fluctuations could potentially help address chaotic signals between nearby components in nanoscale devices.
文摘The poor oxidation stability of ether-based solvents has long been a major challenge limiting their practical application.To enhance the oxidative stability of ether-based electrolytes,the physicochemical properties of various glycol dimethyl ethers are screened,and diglyme(G2)is selected as the sole solvent for the electrolyte.Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI),a highly dissociative salt,is used as the primary salt;while lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))and lithium difluorophosphate(LiDFP),which have small ionic sizes and strong binding energies,are added as secondary salts.The resulting electrolyte can modulate the electric double layer structure by NO_(3)^(-) and DFP^(-) on the cathode side,leading to an increased Liþconcentration that is originally repelled by the cathode.Additionally,the oxidation stability of the electrolyte is improved and the formed electrode-electrolyte interphase is more uniform and stable,thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of the cells.As a result,cells assembled with a total of 1 M ternary lithium salts in G2 solvent can operate at high voltage of 4.4 V.The LijjNCM811 cells maintain 80.2%capacity retention after 270 cycles at room temperature,with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.5%,and exhibit 88.4%capacity retention after 200 cycles at -30℃.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52371240,U1904215)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20200044)Changjiang scholars’program of the Ministry of Education(No.Q2018270)。
文摘Rationally design the morphology and structure of electroactive nanomaterials is an effective approach to enhance the performance of aqueous batteries.Herein,we co-engineered the hollow architecture and interlayer spacing of layered double hydroxides(LDH)to achieve high electrochemical activity.The hierarchical hollow LDH was prepared from bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIF)by a facile cation exchange strategy.Zn and Cu elements were selected as the second metals incorporated in Co-ZIF.The characteristics of the corresponding derivatives were studied.Besides,the transformation mechanism of CoZn-ZIF into nanosheet-assembled hollow Co Zn Ni LDH(denoted as CoZnNi-OH)was systematically investigated.Importantly,the interlayer spacing of CoZnNi-OH expands due to Zn^(2+)incorporation.The prepared CoZnNi-OH offers large surface area,exposed active sites,and rapid mass transfer/diffusion rate,which lead to a significant enhancement in the specific capacitance,rate performance,and cycle stability of CoZnNi-OH electrode.In addition,the aqueous alkaline CoZnNi-OH//Zn showed a maximum energy density/power density of 0.924 m Wh/cm^(2),8.479 m W/cm^(2).This work not only raises an insightful strategy for regulating the morphology and interlayer spacing of LDH,but also provides a reference of designing hollow nickel-based nanomaterials for aqueous batteries.
基金Süleyman Demirel University postdoctoral research program(DOSAP-2022-8664)the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye(TUBITAK)for 2221-Visiting Scientists Fellowships financial support with project number 1059B212200167.
文摘In the present review,we addressed the synthesis and applications of the magnetic layered double hydroxide nanocomposites in different scientific areas including catalysis,environmental remediation,and biological functions.First,we appraised the varied approaches for the synthesis of layered double hydroxides(LDHs),containing co-precipitation,hydrothermal,sol–gel,ion-exchange,urea hydrolysis,and reconstruction methods.Afterward,we concentrated on the utility of the magnetic LDH-based composites and evaluated their catalytic effectiveness in 4-nitrophenol reduction,coupling reactions,preparation of polycyclic aromatic compounds,and oxidation reactions.Next,the applicability of magnetic LDHs was assessed in the removal of water pollutants and dyes.Ultimately,we discussed the efficiency of magnetic LDH nanocomposites for biological applications like drug delivery.Investigating the obtained results of the reviewed reports demonstrated the auspicious performance of these compounds in all of the above-mentioned fields.Overall,the magnetic LDH-based composites manifested a satisfactory outlook in various scientific areas due to their stability,remarkable flexibility,relatively proper surface area,appropriate adsorption capacity,as well as propitious retrievability and reusability character.
