Objective:To investigate the differential effects of different rivaroxaban dosing regimens on symptom relief,fluctuations in laboratory parameters,and medication safety in patients with stable pulmonary embolism(PE).M...Objective:To investigate the differential effects of different rivaroxaban dosing regimens on symptom relief,fluctuations in laboratory parameters,and medication safety in patients with stable pulmonary embolism(PE).Methods:This study enrolled 100 patients in the maintenance phase of PE who were treated at our hospital between January 2022 and December 2023.They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table,with 50 subjects in each group.The treatment period was uniformly set at 6 months.The control group received oral rivaroxaban 10 mg once daily,while the observation group received oral rivaroxaban 5 mg once daily.The study focused on comparing the two groups regarding the degree of clinical symptom relief,coagulation function parameters(including D-dimer levels,PT,and APTT),cardiac function markers(NT-proBNP),and drug-related adverse events.All data were processed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software.Measurement data are presented as mean±standard deviation,intergroup differences were verified by t-test,categorical variables were analyzed by chi-square test,and the statistical significance level was set at P<0.05.Results:After six months of treatment intervention,there was no significant difference in the overall relief of core clinical symptoms such as dyspnea and chest pain between the two groups.Regarding laboratory indicators,post-treatment D-dimer levels,prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time,and NT-proBNP values were significantly optimized compared to baseline in both groups(P<0.05),but intergroup comparisons did not reach statistical significance.Notably,the overall incidence of bleeding events in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in the incidence rates of other adverse events between the two groups.Conclusion:In the maintenance phase treatment of pulmonary embolism,rivaroxaban 5 mg and 10 mg doses are equivalent in efficacy regarding improvement of clinical symptoms and blood indicators.However,the 5 mg dose significantly reduces the risk of bleeding,offers better safety,and is more suitable for long-term anticoagulation management in some high-risk populations.展开更多
Hepatitis E virus(HEV)represents a significant global cause of acute viral hepatitis.Annually,it is estimated to cause approximately 20.1 million infections worldwide,3.3 million of which result in symptomatic illness...Hepatitis E virus(HEV)represents a significant global cause of acute viral hepatitis.Annually,it is estimated to cause approximately 20.1 million infections worldwide,3.3 million of which result in symptomatic illness.In developing regions,genotypes HEV-1 and HEV-2 are the primary strains responsible for widespread outbreaks and epidemics of acute jaundice(icteric hepatitis),transmitted predominantly through the fecal-oral route via contaminated water and food(Devarbhavi et al.,2023).展开更多
The effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng larval-1; LD30： 3.75 ng larva-1） of chlorfluazuron on number and size of developmental spermatocytes in pupal-testis during spermatogenesis of the common cutworm, Spodo...The effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng larval-1; LD30： 3.75 ng larva-1） of chlorfluazuron on number and size of developmental spermatocytes in pupal-testis during spermatogenesis of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura （F.） are described. Chlorfluazuron was applied topically to newly-ecdysed fifth-instar larvae of S. litura under laboratory conditions. During first day of pupation, spermatids were the highest （3,430 ± 7）, however, elongated spermatocytes with mature sperm were the lowest （292 ± 16） in number in pupal-testis compared with other developing spermatocytes. During last day of pupation, elongated spermatocytes with mature sperm were the highest （3,581 ± 3）, however, spermatogonia were the lowest （86± 4） in number in pupal-testis compared with other developing spermatocytes. The number of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and elongated cysts with mature sperm were increased during pupal-developmental days in the controls. However, their numbers were significantly reduced in LD10- and even more significantly reduced in LD30-treated pupal-testis compared with controls. Moreover, eupyrene sperm bundles were not present in pupal-testis. During pupal-developmental days, spermatids were the smallest （4.1 ± 0.9 dm in μm） and secondary spermatocytes were the largest （31.0 ± 1.8 dm in μm） in size compared with other developing spermatocytes. The sizes of the same developing spermatocytes were significantly reduced in LD10-treated and more significantly reduced in LD30-treated pupal-testis of S. litura compared with controls.展开更多
Discrete Bayesian Dose-response Analysis under Dose Uncertainty.Eduard Hofer1(1.3 Constance Road,Claremont,Cape Town 7708,South Africa.)Abstract:Establishing a relationship between disease and dose requires each indiv...Discrete Bayesian Dose-response Analysis under Dose Uncertainty.Eduard Hofer1(1.3 Constance Road,Claremont,Cape Town 7708,South Africa.)Abstract:Establishing a relationship between disease and dose requires each individual in the population under investigation to be known by disease status and by the value of the dose received.展开更多
Neutron Activation Dose Assessment Based on a Human Head Phantom Post-BNCT Guanchao Wu1,2, Zuokang Lin2, Zijian Zhang1,2, Zhiyuan Lin1,2, Yinan Zhu2, Ye Dai2 and Zhimin Dai2(1.ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210...Neutron Activation Dose Assessment Based on a Human Head Phantom Post-BNCT Guanchao Wu1,2, Zuokang Lin2, Zijian Zhang1,2, Zhiyuan Lin1,2, Yinan Zhu2, Ye Dai2 and Zhimin Dai2(1.ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China;2.Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China)展开更多
Analysis Method of ^(131)I Activity in Carbon Cartridge and Internal Dose Assessment for Nuclear Medicine Workers.Shuo Wang1,Fei Tuo1,Jian-feng Zhang1,Xiao-liang Li1,Bao-lu Yang1,Qiang Zhou1,Ze-shu Li1,Shu-ying Kong1,...Analysis Method of ^(131)I Activity in Carbon Cartridge and Internal Dose Assessment for Nuclear Medicine Workers.Shuo Wang1,Fei Tuo1,Jian-feng Zhang1,Xiao-liang Li1,Bao-lu Yang1,Qiang Zhou1,Ze-shu Li1,Shu-ying Kong1,and Wei-hao Qin1(1.National Institute for Radiological Protection,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,100088,China.)展开更多
BACKGROUND Perioperative anesthesia management of obese patients presents significant challenges as traditional total body weight-based dosing fails to achieve optimal anesthetic effects due to altered pharmacokinetic...BACKGROUND Perioperative anesthesia management of obese patients presents significant challenges as traditional total body weight-based dosing fails to achieve optimal anesthetic effects due to altered pharmacokinetic characteristics including abnormal drug distribution and clearance.Rocuronium exhibits markedly different distribution patterns in obese patients,with conventional weight correction methods inadequately addressing individual muscle mass variations that critically influence drug distribution.AIM To investigate the quantitative relationship between skeletal muscle index(SMI)and rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients,establish a population pharmacokinetic model,and develop individualized dosing strategies based on muscle mass.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted,including 100 obese patients(body mass index≥30 kg/m^(2))who underwent elective radical colorectal cancer surgery at our hospital from June 2023 to January 2025.Skeletal muscle mass was measured using InBody 260 body composition analyzer and SMI was calculated to assess muscle mass,with male SMI<7.0 kg/m^(2) and female SMI<5.7 kg/m^(2)as diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.Plasma rocuronium concentrations were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry,and nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was used to establish population pharmacokinetic modeling.Stepwise regression was used to screen covariates,and dosing regimens were optimized through Monte Carlo simulation.The primary endpoint was targeted plasma concentration achievement rate,and the secondary endpoint was postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence.RESULTS Among 100 patients,35(35.0%)had sarcopenia and 65(65.0%)did not.Patients in the sarcopenia group were older(64.1±9.8 years vs 54.2±10.9 years,P<0.001)and had significantly lower SMI(6.2±0.8 kg/m^(2)vs 8.4±1.2 kg/m^(2),P<0.001).SMI showed strong positive correlation with rocuronium steady-state distribution volume(r=0.718,P<0.001)and moderate negative correlation with clearance(r=-0.502,P<0.001).A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model was successfully established,with SMI being the most important covariate affecting central compartment distribution volume(△OFV=-41.2,P<0.001).Model validation showed bootstrap successful convergence rate of 92.3%,and 92.1%of observed values fell within prediction intervals in predicted concentration versus predicted concentration.The SMI-based individualized dosing regimen improved target exposure achievement rate from 82.0%in traditional regimen to 93.5%(P=0.009),and reduced postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence from 13.0%to 3.5%(P=0.018).The sarcopenia group showed the most significant improvement in achievement rate,from 71.4%to 93.8%(P=0.017).CONCLUSION SMI shows strong correlation with rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients and is a key factor affecting drug distribution.SMI-based individualized dosing strategies can significantly improve target exposure achievement rate and reduce postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence,providing scientific evidence for precision anesthesia management in obese patients.展开更多
In this study,the dosimetric characteristics(thickness applicability,preheating time,temperature and humidity dependence,in-batch uniformity,readout reproducibility,dose linearity,self-decay,and electron energy respon...In this study,the dosimetric characteristics(thickness applicability,preheating time,temperature and humidity dependence,in-batch uniformity,readout reproducibility,dose linearity,self-decay,and electron energy response)of engineered polycarbonate films irradiated with an electron beam(0–600 kGy)were investigated using photoluminescence spectroscopy.The results show a linear relationship between photoluminescence intensity and radiation dose when the thickness of the polycarbonate film is 0.3 mm.A higher fluorescence intensity can be obtained by preheating at 60℃ for 180 min before photoluminescence spectrum analysis.As the temperature during spectral testing and the ambient humidity(during and after irradiation)increased,the photoluminescence intensity of the polycarbonate films decreased.The photoluminescence intensity deviation of the polycarbonate films produced within the same batch at 100 kGy is 2.73%.After ten times of repeated excitations and readouts,the coefficients of variation in photoluminescence intensity are less than 8.6%,and the linear correlation coefficient between photoluminescence intensity and irradiation dose is 0.965 in the dose capture range of 20–600 kGy.Within 60 days of irradiation,the photoluminescence intensity of the polycarbonate film decreased to 60%of the initial value.The response of the 0.3 mm polycarbonate films to electron beams with energies exceeding 3.5 MeV does not differ significantly.This comprehensive analysis indicates the potential of polycarbonate films as a high-radiation dose detection material.展开更多
Tropospheric ozone(O_(3))is a harmful air pollutant negatively impacting forest health,causing O_(3)-specific visible foliar injury(O_(3)VFI).Ozone monitoring in forests has usually implemented by passive samplers,alt...Tropospheric ozone(O_(3))is a harmful air pollutant negatively impacting forest health,causing O_(3)-specific visible foliar injury(O_(3)VFI).Ozone monitoring in forests has usually implemented by passive samplers,although they cannot detect the diurnal peak when a significant part of stomatal O_(3)uptake occurs.This results into uncertainties for the calculation of stomatal O_(3)uptake.This study compares the stomatal-flux-based POD1(phytotoxic ozone dose above a threshold of 1 nmol m^(-2)s^(-1))for forest trees/shrubs estimated from data collected by either passive samplers or active O_(3)monitors to evaluate O_(3)damage to plants in terms of O_(3)VFI in the Southern Alps.The study was conducted over two years(2018-2019)in a mountainous Alpine area(Valle Stura,Italy).An integrative monitoring station for active O_(3)monitoring,as well as passive O_(3)monitors,were installed in an open field area(OFD).The O_(3)VFI was investigated in woody species in the light exposed sampling Site(LESS—Betula pendula,Fagus sylvatica,Larix decidua,Populus tremula,Salix caprea,Rubus sp.and Vaccinium myrtillus)in late summer according to the international co-operative programme on assessment and monitoring of air pollution effects on forests(ICP Forests)manual.The results confirmed that Fagus sylvatica and Rubus sp.are O_(3)-sensitive species showing relatively high POD1(>20 mmol m-2),while Larix decidua is O_(3)-tolerant.We derived flux-based critical levels(CL)corresponding to the presence of O_(3)VFI(5,25,and 50%of symptomatic plants along the LESS)from flux-effect relationships for forest protection against O_(3)VFI.The results support the hypothesis that passive samplers cannot detect episodic high stomatal O₃fluxes(>1 nmol m^(-2)s^(-1)).According to the active monitoring,the CL for O_(3)VFI occurrence was estimated to be 17.1 mmol m-2 POD1 for 25%presence and 34.3 mmol m-2 POD1 for 50%presence of symptomatic plants,while passive samplers underestimated POD1 values for CL calculations by 17%on average,with underestimation increasing at higher CL thresholds.The findings demonstrate that active monitoring refines CLs towards a proper quantitative assessment of O_(3)impact,particularly in capturing peak flux events that are crucial for evaluating plant damage and emphasizes the importance of active O₃monitoring for reliable forest health assessments.展开更多
The aerosolization and diffusion of radioactive materials caused by chemical explosions represent a typical nuclear accident scenario that poses severe radioactive hazards to human health and the environment.This stud...The aerosolization and diffusion of radioactive materials caused by chemical explosions represent a typical nuclear accident scenario that poses severe radioactive hazards to human health and the environment.This study examines the diffusion of plutonium aerosol generated by a chemical explosion within a typical representative underground facility.The state of explosion products following a single-point detonation of explosives was simulated.Subsequently,a numerical simulation of plutonium aerosol diffusion using the discrete phase model(DPM)was conducted based on the outcomes of the chemical explosion simulation.The simulation results indicate that plutonium aerosols diffuse throughout underground facilities after a chemical explosion;small particle size aerosols primarily accumulate in the upper part of the room after the accident;the concentrations of plutonium aerosol in the room and tunnel are significantly higher than those in the other areas;and the temporal variations in aerosol concentration in each area were quantified.Based on the particle concentration distribution and the effective dose computation approach,the study computes the internal irradiation dose received by personnel in seven areas over various time periods post-accident.Recommendations for emergency decision-making were derived from these calculations.These findings provide important theoretical insight and practical engineering application value for understanding the diffusion of radioactive aerosol in confined spaces following chemical explosions and for evaluating personnel radiation dose.展开更多
Vacuum-ultraviolet(VUV)radiation is high-energy UV radiation with a wavelength of 100-200 nm capable of decomposing/mineralizing hazardous emerging organic pollutants(EPs)in water through direct photolysis and/or by g...Vacuum-ultraviolet(VUV)radiation is high-energy UV radiation with a wavelength of 100-200 nm capable of decomposing/mineralizing hazardous emerging organic pollutants(EPs)in water through direct photolysis and/or by generating reactive free radicals(RFRs)during photolysis.However,due to the unsatisfactory photoelectric conversion rate,strong absorption by oxygen and water molecules,and other characteristics of VUV radiation,its application and development are hindered,leading to misconceptions regarding high energy consumption and insufficient free radical yield.The objectives of our assessment in this review are as follows:The illumination of the photochemical characteristics of VUV and the reactivity of aqueous solutions.Summarization of accurate UV dose and energy evaluation criteria.Comparison and analysis of the photochemical mechanisms and reaction kinetics of different types of EPs via VUV direct photolysis,as well as the interference origins of typical substrates in water for VUV decontamination.We found that quantities typically reported in VUV photochemical reactions of engineered systems are underreported in low-pressure mercury lamp(LPUV)photochemical reactions,especially a quantitative indicator of the species or energy that induces a chemical reaction.The absence of these quantities has made it difficult to assess the fundamental performance of VUV photolysis fully compared with that of UV-C.Some studies have sought to optimize VUV-advanced reduction processes(VUV-ARP)or VUV reactor treatment of these contaminants;however,an abundant evaluation of the reaction origins and processes between VUV-derived main RFRs and reactants(H_(2)O,O_(2),organic matter,inorganic ions,etc.)is essential,cause these scientific elements will provide the possibility to break the application gap for VUV in the field of EPs treating.Overall,the data compilation,analysis,and research recommendations provided in this review will form the basis for all photochemical reactions initiated by VUV radiation with water as the backing agent.展开更多
Chlorfluazuron is an insect growth regulator for controlling the major insect pests in crops. This paper describes the effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng/larva; LD30：3.75 ng/larva） of chlorfluazuron on ovari...Chlorfluazuron is an insect growth regulator for controlling the major insect pests in crops. This paper describes the effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng/larva; LD30：3.75 ng/larva） of chlorfluazuron on ovarioles during ovarian development and oogenesis of common cutworm, Spodoptera litura （F.）. It is a significant pest of cotton, tobacco and miscellaneous vegetables. The LDlo or LD3o was applied topically to the newly-ecdysed fifth-instars of S. litura under laboratory conditions. In controls, on 2nd day of adult emergence, the cell density in germarium was 1636 ± 9.17 nuclei/mm^2. It increased until 3rd day, i.e., 1829 ± 8.87 nuclei/mm^2 and decreased thereafter. In the LDloor LD-3o-treated insects, the patterns of the cell density was the same as in controls but values were significantly （P 〈 0.05） decreased in the LD10- and more in the LDa0-treated females compared with controls. In control, ovaries were normal type and had mature ova with an occasional one or two being absorbed. In LD10-treated females, ovaries had spaces in ovarioles and absorption of ova. In LD30-treated females, besides the spacing and absorption, sometimes only immature （germarium） ova were found.展开更多
This study focuses on a 60 V trench MOSFET device designed for operation in space radiation environments.By increasing the bulk region concentration and placing the etched gate trench after the P+implantation process,...This study focuses on a 60 V trench MOSFET device designed for operation in space radiation environments.By increasing the bulk region concentration and placing the etched gate trench after the P+implantation process,we successfully reduced the threshold voltage shift from 6.5 to 2.2 V under a total dose of 400 krad(Si)^(60)Co,allowing the device to operate normally.Structurally,by embedding the source metal in the active and terminal regions,the device demonstrated current degradation without experiencing single-event burnout when subjected to a drain voltage of 60 V and a linear energy transfer value of 75.4 MeV·cm^(2)∕mg from tantalum-ion incidence.TCAD simulations verified that the embedded source metal effectively suppressed parasitic transistor conduction and eliminated the base-region expansion effect,thereby lowering the maximum temperature from 8000 to 1400 K.The irradiation effects of the embedded source metal in the terminal region were also investigated,which can improve the reverse recovery and ensure that the terminal metal does not melt prematurely,thereby significantly enhancing the radiation hardness of the device.展开更多
The unique advantage of x-ray ghost imaging(XGI)is its potential in low dose radiology.One of the practical ways to reduce the radiation exposure is to reduce the measurements while remaining sufficient image quality....The unique advantage of x-ray ghost imaging(XGI)is its potential in low dose radiology.One of the practical ways to reduce the radiation exposure is to reduce the measurements while remaining sufficient image quality.Synthetic aperture x-ray ghost imaging(SAXGI)is invented to achieve megapixel XGI with limited measurements,which is expected to implement XGI simultaneously with large field of view and low radiation exposure.In this paper,we experimentally investigate the effect of measurements reduction on the spatial resolution and image quality of SAXGI with standard sample and biomedical specimen.The results with a resolution chart demonstrated that at 360 measurements,SAXGI successfully retrieved the sample image of 1960×1960 pixels with spatial resolution of 4μm.With measurement reduction,the spatial resolution deteriorates but the sparser structures are still discernable.Even with measurements reduced to 10,a spatial resolution of 10μm can still be achieved by SAXGI.A biomedical sample of a fish specimen is employed to evaluate the method and the fish image of 2000×1000 pixels with an SSIM of 0.962 is reconstructed by SAXGI with 770measurements,corresponding to an accumulative exposure reduction of more than 2 times.With the measurements reduced to 10 which corresponds to 1/160 of the accumulative radiation exposure for conventional radiology,bulky structure like the fish skeleton can still be definitely discerned and the SSIM for the reconstructed image still retained 0.9179.Results of this paper demonstrate that measurements reduction is practicable for the radiation exposure reduction of the sample,which implicates that SAXGI with limited measurements is an efficient solution for low dose radiology.展开更多
To overcome the limitations of traditional single-crystal X-ray diffraction(SCXRD)for microcrystalline materials and the peak-overlapping issue of powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD),this study employed cryogenic continuou...To overcome the limitations of traditional single-crystal X-ray diffraction(SCXRD)for microcrystalline materials and the peak-overlapping issue of powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD),this study employed cryogenic continuous rotation electron diffraction(cryo-cRED)with a low-dose strategy to determine the crystal structure of CL30,a novel silicogermanate framework.It is confirmed that CL30 crystallizes in the C2/m space group and has layered topology composed of discontinuous zigzag chains connected by double four-membered ring(d4r)units,with fluoride anions(F^(-))occluded in the d4r units.In CL30,charge balance involves organic structure-directing agent(OSDA)cations,occluded F^(-),and terminal oxygen sites whose protonation state cannot be established from the present three dimensional(3D)ED data.F^(-)encapsulated in the d4r units contributes to charge compensation as the counter-anion to OSDA cations,rather than only balancing the framework charge.Although the refinement indices(R_(1)=0.29,wR_(2)=0.71)exceeded typical small-molecule crystallography standards,the structural model remained highly reliable,as supported by geometric restraints and validation.In electron diffraction,elevated R_(1) values are commonly attributed to the intrinsic factors of the technique,such as dynamic scattering,detector noise from scintillator-based detectors,and TEM stage instability(large spheres of confusion).This study introduces a new structural prototype to the silicogermanate family and establishes a feasible workflow for determining the structures of radiation-sensitive microcrystalline porous materials.展开更多
The pharmacokinetics of morphine sulphate was studied in 10 Chinese healthy volunteers after a single oral dose. Blood samples were collected before and after administration of controlled release tablets (CRMS, 30 mg)...The pharmacokinetics of morphine sulphate was studied in 10 Chinese healthy volunteers after a single oral dose. Blood samples were collected before and after administration of controlled release tablets (CRMS, 30 mg) and immediate release tablets (IRMS, 20 mg). The plasma concentration of morphine was determined by GC MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters of controlled release tablets and immediate release tablets were calculated∶ C max was 19.38±3.80 and 21.27±6.21 ng/ml, t max was 2.36 ±0.37 h and 0.56±0.16 h, t 1/2β was 3.53±0.87 and 3.03±0.74 h, AUC was 145.15±17.65 and 93.08±16.65 ng/ml, respectively. The steady state plasma concentration of morphine sulphate in cancer patients after multiple doses was achieved, C max of CRMS and IRMS was 27.43±0.33 ng/ml and 22.68±0.16 ng/ml, C min of CRMS and IRMS was 19.45±1.44 ng/ml and 18.14±0.49 ng/ml, respectively.展开更多
Objective:To explore the clinical effect differences of moxibustion with different doses on primary dysmenorrhea with cold congelation and blood stasis type.Methods:A total of 60 patients of primary dysmenorrhea were ...Objective:To explore the clinical effect differences of moxibustion with different doses on primary dysmenorrhea with cold congelation and blood stasis type.Methods:A total of 60 patients of primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into an intensified dose group and a conventional dose group.All of the patients were treated with moxibustion.In the intensified dose group,the treatment was given three times daily(once every morning,afternoon and at bedtime successively) and during the trial,1 case was dropped out and 29 cases were included in the statistical analysis finally.In the conventional dose group,the treatment was given once daily and 1 case was dropped out during trial and 29 cases were included in the statistical analysis.The score of visual analogue scale(VAS) at the worst painful time point,the score of dysmenorrhea symptoms and recurrence rate were observed and compared before and after treatment in the patients between the two groups.The clinical therapeutic effects were observed in the two groups too.Results:VAS difference value(D-value) and dysmenorrhea symptoms D-valuebefore and after treatment in the intensified dose group were higher than those in the conventional dose group respectively(both P<0.05).The recurrence rate was 14.29% in the intensified dose group,lower than 42.31% in the conventional dose group,with the statistical significance(P<0.05).The total clinical effective rate was 96.55%in the intensified dose group,higher than 89.66% in the conventional dose group,with the statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with the conventional dose moxibustion,moxibustion with intensified dose achieves satisfactory therapeutic effect on primary dysmenorrhea of cold congelation and blood stasis type.This therapy is low in recurrent rate and convenient in manipulation,thus it deserves to be promoted in clinical application.展开更多
The prognosis of patients with previously treated tuberculosis (TB) was suggested to be dependent on whether the initial treatment was in compliance with the established guidelines. The aim of this retrospective multi...The prognosis of patients with previously treated tuberculosis (TB) was suggested to be dependent on whether the initial treatment was in compliance with the established guidelines. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to determine the proportion of new TB patients who received standard doses of rifampicin in multiple provinces of China, and the relationship between low doses of rifampicin and frequency of rifampicin-resistance as well as treatment outcomes. A total of 713 new TB patients were treated with either once-daily dose of bulk anti-TB drugs (group I) or every other day combination blister packs of anti-TB drugs containing rifampicin (group II) at more than 30 TB treatment centers/hospitals in China. Treatment history, therapeutic doses of rifampicin, and information about patients were extracted from their medical records and analyzed, and rifampicin-resistance of isolates collected from patients following the treatment as well as treatment outcomes were compared between two treatment groups. Among 522 patients in treatment group I, 154 (29.5%) received standard and 363 (69.5%) received low doses of rifampicin;238 (45.6%) isolates were rifampicin-resistant, and 243 (46.6%) were successfully treated. Among 191 patients in treatment group II, 175 (91.6%) received standard and 15 (7.9%) received low doses of rifampicin;72 (37.7%) isolates were rifampicin-resistant, and 105 (55%) were successfully treated. When patients who received low doses of rifampicin were compared to others within the same treatment group, increased rates for rifampicin-resistance and treatment failure were observed. Results from this study showed that most new TB patients in treatment group I (69.5%) received low doses of rifampicin, and their treatment outcomes were worse than those in treatment group II, indicating that low doses of rifampicin used for the initial treatment of new TB patients were correlated to increased frequency of rifampicin-resistance and poorer treatment outcomes.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the radiation dose received by patients during hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)and transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)procedures and the related influencing factors.Methods:Data of 162...Objective:To analyze the radiation dose received by patients during hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)and transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)procedures and the related influencing factors.Methods:Data of 162 cases in the HAIC group and 230 cases in the TACE group were collected.The included covariates were Age(<45/45-59/≥60 years),BMI levels(underweight/normal weight/obesity),focus Dye of tumor(present/absent),lesion size(<5 cm/≥5 cm),superselection(present/absent),hepatic vascular variation(present/absent).The endpoints were postoperative dose-area product(DAP),exposure time and Air kerma(AK).Results:Of all included patients,the HAIC group patients were younger than those in the TACE group(P=0.028).The proportion of patients with large lesions in the HAIC group was higher than the TACE group(45.7%vs.33.9%,P=0.019).The proportion of patients who had superselection was lower in the HAIC group as compared to the TACE group(61.7%vs.82.2%,P<0.001).Generally,the HAIC group has lower DAP,exposure time and AK by 36.3%(P<0.001),38.2%(P<0.001),and 41.3%(P<0.001)than the TACE group,respectively.Linear regression analysis showed the procedure method(HAIC/TACE,P<0.001),type of DSA machine(Pheno/FD20,P<0.001),BMI levels(P<0.001),age(P=0.021),lesion size(<5 cm/≥5 cm,P=0.031)significantly correlated with low DAP.In the HAIC group,the type of DSA machine and BMI correlated with the radiation dose,while in the TACE group,the type of DSA machine,BMI,and lesion size correlated with the radiation dose.Conclusion:Compared with TACE,HAIC enables doctors and patients to receive lower radiation doses.Obese patients in both HAIC and TACE groups increase the radiation exposure in interventional doctors and patients,but large lesions only affect the radiation dose in the TACE procedure.展开更多
In this study, the activity concentrations of ^(226)Ra,^(232)Th,^(222)Rn, and ^(40)K, emanation fractions(P),equilibrium equivalent concentration(EEC), and mass exhalation rates(E_m) of radon released from building ma...In this study, the activity concentrations of ^(226)Ra,^(232)Th,^(222)Rn, and ^(40)K, emanation fractions(P),equilibrium equivalent concentration(EEC), and mass exhalation rates(E_m) of radon released from building materials used in Malaysia were studied using gamma-ray spectrometer with HPGe detector. Radiological parameters[activity concentration index(ACI), indoor air-absorbed dose rate(D_(in)), annual effective dose(AED_(in)) from external and internal(E_(Rn)), soft tissues(H_(ST)) and lung(H_L), and effective dose equivalent(H_(eff))] were estimated to evaluate radiological hazards due to the use of these building materials: sand, cement, gravel, bricks, tiles, fly ash, white cement, and ceramic raw materials. The measured P, EEC,and E_m vary from 10 to 30%, 0.9 to 22 Bq m^(-3), and 33 to 674 mBq h^(-1) kg^(-1), respectively, while the calculated ACI and AED_(in) vary from 0.1 ± 0.01 to 2.1 ± 0.1 and 0.1 ± 0.01 to 2.4 ± 0.6 mSv y^(-1), respectively. On the other hand, the internal annual effective dose ranges from 0.1 to 1.4 mSv y^(-1). The estimated radiological risk parameters were below the recommended maximum values, and radiological hazards associated with building materials under investigation are therefore negligible.展开更多
文摘Objective:To investigate the differential effects of different rivaroxaban dosing regimens on symptom relief,fluctuations in laboratory parameters,and medication safety in patients with stable pulmonary embolism(PE).Methods:This study enrolled 100 patients in the maintenance phase of PE who were treated at our hospital between January 2022 and December 2023.They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table,with 50 subjects in each group.The treatment period was uniformly set at 6 months.The control group received oral rivaroxaban 10 mg once daily,while the observation group received oral rivaroxaban 5 mg once daily.The study focused on comparing the two groups regarding the degree of clinical symptom relief,coagulation function parameters(including D-dimer levels,PT,and APTT),cardiac function markers(NT-proBNP),and drug-related adverse events.All data were processed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software.Measurement data are presented as mean±standard deviation,intergroup differences were verified by t-test,categorical variables were analyzed by chi-square test,and the statistical significance level was set at P<0.05.Results:After six months of treatment intervention,there was no significant difference in the overall relief of core clinical symptoms such as dyspnea and chest pain between the two groups.Regarding laboratory indicators,post-treatment D-dimer levels,prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time,and NT-proBNP values were significantly optimized compared to baseline in both groups(P<0.05),but intergroup comparisons did not reach statistical significance.Notably,the overall incidence of bleeding events in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in the incidence rates of other adverse events between the two groups.Conclusion:In the maintenance phase treatment of pulmonary embolism,rivaroxaban 5 mg and 10 mg doses are equivalent in efficacy regarding improvement of clinical symptoms and blood indicators.However,the 5 mg dose significantly reduces the risk of bleeding,offers better safety,and is more suitable for long-term anticoagulation management in some high-risk populations.
文摘Hepatitis E virus(HEV)represents a significant global cause of acute viral hepatitis.Annually,it is estimated to cause approximately 20.1 million infections worldwide,3.3 million of which result in symptomatic illness.In developing regions,genotypes HEV-1 and HEV-2 are the primary strains responsible for widespread outbreaks and epidemics of acute jaundice(icteric hepatitis),transmitted predominantly through the fecal-oral route via contaminated water and food(Devarbhavi et al.,2023).
文摘The effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng larval-1; LD30： 3.75 ng larva-1） of chlorfluazuron on number and size of developmental spermatocytes in pupal-testis during spermatogenesis of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura （F.） are described. Chlorfluazuron was applied topically to newly-ecdysed fifth-instar larvae of S. litura under laboratory conditions. During first day of pupation, spermatids were the highest （3,430 ± 7）, however, elongated spermatocytes with mature sperm were the lowest （292 ± 16） in number in pupal-testis compared with other developing spermatocytes. During last day of pupation, elongated spermatocytes with mature sperm were the highest （3,581 ± 3）, however, spermatogonia were the lowest （86± 4） in number in pupal-testis compared with other developing spermatocytes. The number of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and elongated cysts with mature sperm were increased during pupal-developmental days in the controls. However, their numbers were significantly reduced in LD10- and even more significantly reduced in LD30-treated pupal-testis compared with controls. Moreover, eupyrene sperm bundles were not present in pupal-testis. During pupal-developmental days, spermatids were the smallest （4.1 ± 0.9 dm in μm） and secondary spermatocytes were the largest （31.0 ± 1.8 dm in μm） in size compared with other developing spermatocytes. The sizes of the same developing spermatocytes were significantly reduced in LD10-treated and more significantly reduced in LD30-treated pupal-testis of S. litura compared with controls.
文摘Discrete Bayesian Dose-response Analysis under Dose Uncertainty.Eduard Hofer1(1.3 Constance Road,Claremont,Cape Town 7708,South Africa.)Abstract:Establishing a relationship between disease and dose requires each individual in the population under investigation to be known by disease status and by the value of the dose received.
文摘Neutron Activation Dose Assessment Based on a Human Head Phantom Post-BNCT Guanchao Wu1,2, Zuokang Lin2, Zijian Zhang1,2, Zhiyuan Lin1,2, Yinan Zhu2, Ye Dai2 and Zhimin Dai2(1.ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China;2.Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China)
文摘Analysis Method of ^(131)I Activity in Carbon Cartridge and Internal Dose Assessment for Nuclear Medicine Workers.Shuo Wang1,Fei Tuo1,Jian-feng Zhang1,Xiao-liang Li1,Bao-lu Yang1,Qiang Zhou1,Ze-shu Li1,Shu-ying Kong1,and Wei-hao Qin1(1.National Institute for Radiological Protection,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,100088,China.)
文摘BACKGROUND Perioperative anesthesia management of obese patients presents significant challenges as traditional total body weight-based dosing fails to achieve optimal anesthetic effects due to altered pharmacokinetic characteristics including abnormal drug distribution and clearance.Rocuronium exhibits markedly different distribution patterns in obese patients,with conventional weight correction methods inadequately addressing individual muscle mass variations that critically influence drug distribution.AIM To investigate the quantitative relationship between skeletal muscle index(SMI)and rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients,establish a population pharmacokinetic model,and develop individualized dosing strategies based on muscle mass.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted,including 100 obese patients(body mass index≥30 kg/m^(2))who underwent elective radical colorectal cancer surgery at our hospital from June 2023 to January 2025.Skeletal muscle mass was measured using InBody 260 body composition analyzer and SMI was calculated to assess muscle mass,with male SMI<7.0 kg/m^(2) and female SMI<5.7 kg/m^(2)as diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.Plasma rocuronium concentrations were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry,and nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was used to establish population pharmacokinetic modeling.Stepwise regression was used to screen covariates,and dosing regimens were optimized through Monte Carlo simulation.The primary endpoint was targeted plasma concentration achievement rate,and the secondary endpoint was postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence.RESULTS Among 100 patients,35(35.0%)had sarcopenia and 65(65.0%)did not.Patients in the sarcopenia group were older(64.1±9.8 years vs 54.2±10.9 years,P<0.001)and had significantly lower SMI(6.2±0.8 kg/m^(2)vs 8.4±1.2 kg/m^(2),P<0.001).SMI showed strong positive correlation with rocuronium steady-state distribution volume(r=0.718,P<0.001)and moderate negative correlation with clearance(r=-0.502,P<0.001).A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model was successfully established,with SMI being the most important covariate affecting central compartment distribution volume(△OFV=-41.2,P<0.001).Model validation showed bootstrap successful convergence rate of 92.3%,and 92.1%of observed values fell within prediction intervals in predicted concentration versus predicted concentration.The SMI-based individualized dosing regimen improved target exposure achievement rate from 82.0%in traditional regimen to 93.5%(P=0.009),and reduced postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence from 13.0%to 3.5%(P=0.018).The sarcopenia group showed the most significant improvement in achievement rate,from 71.4%to 93.8%(P=0.017).CONCLUSION SMI shows strong correlation with rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients and is a key factor affecting drug distribution.SMI-based individualized dosing strategies can significantly improve target exposure achievement rate and reduce postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence,providing scientific evidence for precision anesthesia management in obese patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12305385)Key Projects of Scientific Research of the Hunan Provincial Department of Education(22A0310)the Research Startup Project of University of South China(220XQD025).
文摘In this study,the dosimetric characteristics(thickness applicability,preheating time,temperature and humidity dependence,in-batch uniformity,readout reproducibility,dose linearity,self-decay,and electron energy response)of engineered polycarbonate films irradiated with an electron beam(0–600 kGy)were investigated using photoluminescence spectroscopy.The results show a linear relationship between photoluminescence intensity and radiation dose when the thickness of the polycarbonate film is 0.3 mm.A higher fluorescence intensity can be obtained by preheating at 60℃ for 180 min before photoluminescence spectrum analysis.As the temperature during spectral testing and the ambient humidity(during and after irradiation)increased,the photoluminescence intensity of the polycarbonate films decreased.The photoluminescence intensity deviation of the polycarbonate films produced within the same batch at 100 kGy is 2.73%.After ten times of repeated excitations and readouts,the coefficients of variation in photoluminescence intensity are less than 8.6%,and the linear correlation coefficient between photoluminescence intensity and irradiation dose is 0.965 in the dose capture range of 20–600 kGy.Within 60 days of irradiation,the photoluminescence intensity of the polycarbonate film decreased to 60%of the initial value.The response of the 0.3 mm polycarbonate films to electron beams with energies exceeding 3.5 MeV does not differ significantly.This comprehensive analysis indicates the potential of polycarbonate films as a high-radiation dose detection material.
基金supported by the INTERREG ALCOTRA project MITIMPACT,PNRR for Mission 4(Component 2,Notice 3264/2021,IR0000032)-ITINERIS-Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructure System CUP B53C22002150006Project funded under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan(NRRP),Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4-Call for tender No.3138 of December 16,2021,rectified by Decree n.3175 of December 18,2021 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU,Award Number:Project code CN_00000033,Concession Decree No.1034 of June 17,2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research,CUP,H43C22000530001 Project title“National Biodiversity Future Center-NBFC”(Spoke 3 and 5)AP and IP were supported by the FOR-CLIMSOC Programme,Project ID PN23090101,financed by the Ministry of Research,Innovation,and Digitization in Romania.
文摘Tropospheric ozone(O_(3))is a harmful air pollutant negatively impacting forest health,causing O_(3)-specific visible foliar injury(O_(3)VFI).Ozone monitoring in forests has usually implemented by passive samplers,although they cannot detect the diurnal peak when a significant part of stomatal O_(3)uptake occurs.This results into uncertainties for the calculation of stomatal O_(3)uptake.This study compares the stomatal-flux-based POD1(phytotoxic ozone dose above a threshold of 1 nmol m^(-2)s^(-1))for forest trees/shrubs estimated from data collected by either passive samplers or active O_(3)monitors to evaluate O_(3)damage to plants in terms of O_(3)VFI in the Southern Alps.The study was conducted over two years(2018-2019)in a mountainous Alpine area(Valle Stura,Italy).An integrative monitoring station for active O_(3)monitoring,as well as passive O_(3)monitors,were installed in an open field area(OFD).The O_(3)VFI was investigated in woody species in the light exposed sampling Site(LESS—Betula pendula,Fagus sylvatica,Larix decidua,Populus tremula,Salix caprea,Rubus sp.and Vaccinium myrtillus)in late summer according to the international co-operative programme on assessment and monitoring of air pollution effects on forests(ICP Forests)manual.The results confirmed that Fagus sylvatica and Rubus sp.are O_(3)-sensitive species showing relatively high POD1(>20 mmol m-2),while Larix decidua is O_(3)-tolerant.We derived flux-based critical levels(CL)corresponding to the presence of O_(3)VFI(5,25,and 50%of symptomatic plants along the LESS)from flux-effect relationships for forest protection against O_(3)VFI.The results support the hypothesis that passive samplers cannot detect episodic high stomatal O₃fluxes(>1 nmol m^(-2)s^(-1)).According to the active monitoring,the CL for O_(3)VFI occurrence was estimated to be 17.1 mmol m-2 POD1 for 25%presence and 34.3 mmol m-2 POD1 for 50%presence of symptomatic plants,while passive samplers underestimated POD1 values for CL calculations by 17%on average,with underestimation increasing at higher CL thresholds.The findings demonstrate that active monitoring refines CLs towards a proper quantitative assessment of O_(3)impact,particularly in capturing peak flux events that are crucial for evaluating plant damage and emphasizes the importance of active O₃monitoring for reliable forest health assessments.
文摘The aerosolization and diffusion of radioactive materials caused by chemical explosions represent a typical nuclear accident scenario that poses severe radioactive hazards to human health and the environment.This study examines the diffusion of plutonium aerosol generated by a chemical explosion within a typical representative underground facility.The state of explosion products following a single-point detonation of explosives was simulated.Subsequently,a numerical simulation of plutonium aerosol diffusion using the discrete phase model(DPM)was conducted based on the outcomes of the chemical explosion simulation.The simulation results indicate that plutonium aerosols diffuse throughout underground facilities after a chemical explosion;small particle size aerosols primarily accumulate in the upper part of the room after the accident;the concentrations of plutonium aerosol in the room and tunnel are significantly higher than those in the other areas;and the temporal variations in aerosol concentration in each area were quantified.Based on the particle concentration distribution and the effective dose computation approach,the study computes the internal irradiation dose received by personnel in seven areas over various time periods post-accident.Recommendations for emergency decision-making were derived from these calculations.These findings provide important theoretical insight and practical engineering application value for understanding the diffusion of radioactive aerosol in confined spaces following chemical explosions and for evaluating personnel radiation dose.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3210100).
文摘Vacuum-ultraviolet(VUV)radiation is high-energy UV radiation with a wavelength of 100-200 nm capable of decomposing/mineralizing hazardous emerging organic pollutants(EPs)in water through direct photolysis and/or by generating reactive free radicals(RFRs)during photolysis.However,due to the unsatisfactory photoelectric conversion rate,strong absorption by oxygen and water molecules,and other characteristics of VUV radiation,its application and development are hindered,leading to misconceptions regarding high energy consumption and insufficient free radical yield.The objectives of our assessment in this review are as follows:The illumination of the photochemical characteristics of VUV and the reactivity of aqueous solutions.Summarization of accurate UV dose and energy evaluation criteria.Comparison and analysis of the photochemical mechanisms and reaction kinetics of different types of EPs via VUV direct photolysis,as well as the interference origins of typical substrates in water for VUV decontamination.We found that quantities typically reported in VUV photochemical reactions of engineered systems are underreported in low-pressure mercury lamp(LPUV)photochemical reactions,especially a quantitative indicator of the species or energy that induces a chemical reaction.The absence of these quantities has made it difficult to assess the fundamental performance of VUV photolysis fully compared with that of UV-C.Some studies have sought to optimize VUV-advanced reduction processes(VUV-ARP)or VUV reactor treatment of these contaminants;however,an abundant evaluation of the reaction origins and processes between VUV-derived main RFRs and reactants(H_(2)O,O_(2),organic matter,inorganic ions,etc.)is essential,cause these scientific elements will provide the possibility to break the application gap for VUV in the field of EPs treating.Overall,the data compilation,analysis,and research recommendations provided in this review will form the basis for all photochemical reactions initiated by VUV radiation with water as the backing agent.
文摘Chlorfluazuron is an insect growth regulator for controlling the major insect pests in crops. This paper describes the effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng/larva; LD30：3.75 ng/larva） of chlorfluazuron on ovarioles during ovarian development and oogenesis of common cutworm, Spodoptera litura （F.）. It is a significant pest of cotton, tobacco and miscellaneous vegetables. The LDlo or LD3o was applied topically to the newly-ecdysed fifth-instars of S. litura under laboratory conditions. In controls, on 2nd day of adult emergence, the cell density in germarium was 1636 ± 9.17 nuclei/mm^2. It increased until 3rd day, i.e., 1829 ± 8.87 nuclei/mm^2 and decreased thereafter. In the LDloor LD-3o-treated insects, the patterns of the cell density was the same as in controls but values were significantly （P 〈 0.05） decreased in the LD10- and more in the LDa0-treated females compared with controls. In control, ovaries were normal type and had mature ova with an occasional one or two being absorbed. In LD10-treated females, ovaries had spaces in ovarioles and absorption of ova. In LD30-treated females, besides the spacing and absorption, sometimes only immature （germarium） ova were found.
基金supported in part by National R&D Program for Major Research Instruments of China(No.62027814)。
文摘This study focuses on a 60 V trench MOSFET device designed for operation in space radiation environments.By increasing the bulk region concentration and placing the etched gate trench after the P+implantation process,we successfully reduced the threshold voltage shift from 6.5 to 2.2 V under a total dose of 400 krad(Si)^(60)Co,allowing the device to operate normally.Structurally,by embedding the source metal in the active and terminal regions,the device demonstrated current degradation without experiencing single-event burnout when subjected to a drain voltage of 60 V and a linear energy transfer value of 75.4 MeV·cm^(2)∕mg from tantalum-ion incidence.TCAD simulations verified that the embedded source metal effectively suppressed parasitic transistor conduction and eliminated the base-region expansion effect,thereby lowering the maximum temperature from 8000 to 1400 K.The irradiation effects of the embedded source metal in the terminal region were also investigated,which can improve the reverse recovery and ensure that the terminal metal does not melt prematurely,thereby significantly enhancing the radiation hardness of the device.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1603601,2021YFF0601203,and 2021YFA1600703)。
文摘The unique advantage of x-ray ghost imaging(XGI)is its potential in low dose radiology.One of the practical ways to reduce the radiation exposure is to reduce the measurements while remaining sufficient image quality.Synthetic aperture x-ray ghost imaging(SAXGI)is invented to achieve megapixel XGI with limited measurements,which is expected to implement XGI simultaneously with large field of view and low radiation exposure.In this paper,we experimentally investigate the effect of measurements reduction on the spatial resolution and image quality of SAXGI with standard sample and biomedical specimen.The results with a resolution chart demonstrated that at 360 measurements,SAXGI successfully retrieved the sample image of 1960×1960 pixels with spatial resolution of 4μm.With measurement reduction,the spatial resolution deteriorates but the sparser structures are still discernable.Even with measurements reduced to 10,a spatial resolution of 10μm can still be achieved by SAXGI.A biomedical sample of a fish specimen is employed to evaluate the method and the fish image of 2000×1000 pixels with an SSIM of 0.962 is reconstructed by SAXGI with 770measurements,corresponding to an accumulative exposure reduction of more than 2 times.With the measurements reduced to 10 which corresponds to 1/160 of the accumulative radiation exposure for conventional radiology,bulky structure like the fish skeleton can still be definitely discerned and the SSIM for the reconstructed image still retained 0.9179.Results of this paper demonstrate that measurements reduction is practicable for the radiation exposure reduction of the sample,which implicates that SAXGI with limited measurements is an efficient solution for low dose radiology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12374021)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.1252031)。
文摘To overcome the limitations of traditional single-crystal X-ray diffraction(SCXRD)for microcrystalline materials and the peak-overlapping issue of powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD),this study employed cryogenic continuous rotation electron diffraction(cryo-cRED)with a low-dose strategy to determine the crystal structure of CL30,a novel silicogermanate framework.It is confirmed that CL30 crystallizes in the C2/m space group and has layered topology composed of discontinuous zigzag chains connected by double four-membered ring(d4r)units,with fluoride anions(F^(-))occluded in the d4r units.In CL30,charge balance involves organic structure-directing agent(OSDA)cations,occluded F^(-),and terminal oxygen sites whose protonation state cannot be established from the present three dimensional(3D)ED data.F^(-)encapsulated in the d4r units contributes to charge compensation as the counter-anion to OSDA cations,rather than only balancing the framework charge.Although the refinement indices(R_(1)=0.29,wR_(2)=0.71)exceeded typical small-molecule crystallography standards,the structural model remained highly reliable,as supported by geometric restraints and validation.In electron diffraction,elevated R_(1) values are commonly attributed to the intrinsic factors of the technique,such as dynamic scattering,detector noise from scintillator-based detectors,and TEM stage instability(large spheres of confusion).This study introduces a new structural prototype to the silicogermanate family and establishes a feasible workflow for determining the structures of radiation-sensitive microcrystalline porous materials.
文摘The pharmacokinetics of morphine sulphate was studied in 10 Chinese healthy volunteers after a single oral dose. Blood samples were collected before and after administration of controlled release tablets (CRMS, 30 mg) and immediate release tablets (IRMS, 20 mg). The plasma concentration of morphine was determined by GC MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters of controlled release tablets and immediate release tablets were calculated∶ C max was 19.38±3.80 and 21.27±6.21 ng/ml, t max was 2.36 ±0.37 h and 0.56±0.16 h, t 1/2β was 3.53±0.87 and 3.03±0.74 h, AUC was 145.15±17.65 and 93.08±16.65 ng/ml, respectively. The steady state plasma concentration of morphine sulphate in cancer patients after multiple doses was achieved, C max of CRMS and IRMS was 27.43±0.33 ng/ml and 22.68±0.16 ng/ml, C min of CRMS and IRMS was 19.45±1.44 ng/ml and 18.14±0.49 ng/ml, respectively.
文摘Objective:To explore the clinical effect differences of moxibustion with different doses on primary dysmenorrhea with cold congelation and blood stasis type.Methods:A total of 60 patients of primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into an intensified dose group and a conventional dose group.All of the patients were treated with moxibustion.In the intensified dose group,the treatment was given three times daily(once every morning,afternoon and at bedtime successively) and during the trial,1 case was dropped out and 29 cases were included in the statistical analysis finally.In the conventional dose group,the treatment was given once daily and 1 case was dropped out during trial and 29 cases were included in the statistical analysis.The score of visual analogue scale(VAS) at the worst painful time point,the score of dysmenorrhea symptoms and recurrence rate were observed and compared before and after treatment in the patients between the two groups.The clinical therapeutic effects were observed in the two groups too.Results:VAS difference value(D-value) and dysmenorrhea symptoms D-valuebefore and after treatment in the intensified dose group were higher than those in the conventional dose group respectively(both P<0.05).The recurrence rate was 14.29% in the intensified dose group,lower than 42.31% in the conventional dose group,with the statistical significance(P<0.05).The total clinical effective rate was 96.55%in the intensified dose group,higher than 89.66% in the conventional dose group,with the statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with the conventional dose moxibustion,moxibustion with intensified dose achieves satisfactory therapeutic effect on primary dysmenorrhea of cold congelation and blood stasis type.This therapy is low in recurrent rate and convenient in manipulation,thus it deserves to be promoted in clinical application.
文摘The prognosis of patients with previously treated tuberculosis (TB) was suggested to be dependent on whether the initial treatment was in compliance with the established guidelines. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to determine the proportion of new TB patients who received standard doses of rifampicin in multiple provinces of China, and the relationship between low doses of rifampicin and frequency of rifampicin-resistance as well as treatment outcomes. A total of 713 new TB patients were treated with either once-daily dose of bulk anti-TB drugs (group I) or every other day combination blister packs of anti-TB drugs containing rifampicin (group II) at more than 30 TB treatment centers/hospitals in China. Treatment history, therapeutic doses of rifampicin, and information about patients were extracted from their medical records and analyzed, and rifampicin-resistance of isolates collected from patients following the treatment as well as treatment outcomes were compared between two treatment groups. Among 522 patients in treatment group I, 154 (29.5%) received standard and 363 (69.5%) received low doses of rifampicin;238 (45.6%) isolates were rifampicin-resistant, and 243 (46.6%) were successfully treated. Among 191 patients in treatment group II, 175 (91.6%) received standard and 15 (7.9%) received low doses of rifampicin;72 (37.7%) isolates were rifampicin-resistant, and 105 (55%) were successfully treated. When patients who received low doses of rifampicin were compared to others within the same treatment group, increased rates for rifampicin-resistance and treatment failure were observed. Results from this study showed that most new TB patients in treatment group I (69.5%) received low doses of rifampicin, and their treatment outcomes were worse than those in treatment group II, indicating that low doses of rifampicin used for the initial treatment of new TB patients were correlated to increased frequency of rifampicin-resistance and poorer treatment outcomes.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81801804)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the radiation dose received by patients during hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)and transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)procedures and the related influencing factors.Methods:Data of 162 cases in the HAIC group and 230 cases in the TACE group were collected.The included covariates were Age(<45/45-59/≥60 years),BMI levels(underweight/normal weight/obesity),focus Dye of tumor(present/absent),lesion size(<5 cm/≥5 cm),superselection(present/absent),hepatic vascular variation(present/absent).The endpoints were postoperative dose-area product(DAP),exposure time and Air kerma(AK).Results:Of all included patients,the HAIC group patients were younger than those in the TACE group(P=0.028).The proportion of patients with large lesions in the HAIC group was higher than the TACE group(45.7%vs.33.9%,P=0.019).The proportion of patients who had superselection was lower in the HAIC group as compared to the TACE group(61.7%vs.82.2%,P<0.001).Generally,the HAIC group has lower DAP,exposure time and AK by 36.3%(P<0.001),38.2%(P<0.001),and 41.3%(P<0.001)than the TACE group,respectively.Linear regression analysis showed the procedure method(HAIC/TACE,P<0.001),type of DSA machine(Pheno/FD20,P<0.001),BMI levels(P<0.001),age(P=0.021),lesion size(<5 cm/≥5 cm,P=0.031)significantly correlated with low DAP.In the HAIC group,the type of DSA machine and BMI correlated with the radiation dose,while in the TACE group,the type of DSA machine,BMI,and lesion size correlated with the radiation dose.Conclusion:Compared with TACE,HAIC enables doctors and patients to receive lower radiation doses.Obese patients in both HAIC and TACE groups increase the radiation exposure in interventional doctors and patients,but large lesions only affect the radiation dose in the TACE procedure.
基金supported by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and Lynas Advanced Material Plant under Grant Numbers GGPM-2017-084 and ST-2017-012,respectively
文摘In this study, the activity concentrations of ^(226)Ra,^(232)Th,^(222)Rn, and ^(40)K, emanation fractions(P),equilibrium equivalent concentration(EEC), and mass exhalation rates(E_m) of radon released from building materials used in Malaysia were studied using gamma-ray spectrometer with HPGe detector. Radiological parameters[activity concentration index(ACI), indoor air-absorbed dose rate(D_(in)), annual effective dose(AED_(in)) from external and internal(E_(Rn)), soft tissues(H_(ST)) and lung(H_L), and effective dose equivalent(H_(eff))] were estimated to evaluate radiological hazards due to the use of these building materials: sand, cement, gravel, bricks, tiles, fly ash, white cement, and ceramic raw materials. The measured P, EEC,and E_m vary from 10 to 30%, 0.9 to 22 Bq m^(-3), and 33 to 674 mBq h^(-1) kg^(-1), respectively, while the calculated ACI and AED_(in) vary from 0.1 ± 0.01 to 2.1 ± 0.1 and 0.1 ± 0.01 to 2.4 ± 0.6 mSv y^(-1), respectively. On the other hand, the internal annual effective dose ranges from 0.1 to 1.4 mSv y^(-1). The estimated radiological risk parameters were below the recommended maximum values, and radiological hazards associated with building materials under investigation are therefore negligible.
