Within the prefrontal-cingulate cortex,abnormalities in coupling between neuronal networks can disturb the emotion-cognition interactions,contributing to the development of mental disorders such as depression.Despite ...Within the prefrontal-cingulate cortex,abnormalities in coupling between neuronal networks can disturb the emotion-cognition interactions,contributing to the development of mental disorders such as depression.Despite this understanding,the neural circuit mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive.In this study,we present a biophysical computational model encompassing three crucial regions,including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,subgenual anterior cingulate cortex,and ventromedial prefrontal cortex.The objective is to investigate the role of coupling relationships within the prefrontal-cingulate cortex networks in balancing emotions and cognitive processes.The numerical results confirm that coupled weights play a crucial role in the balance of emotional cognitive networks.Furthermore,our model predicts the pathogenic mechanism of depression resulting from abnormalities in the subgenual cortex,and network functionality was restored through intervention in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.This study utilizes computational modeling techniques to provide an insight explanation for the diagnosis and treatment of depression.展开更多
Based on the objective reality that audit risk responsibility has mainly been attributed to certified public accountants in the past,and audit standards have not specifically divided the entities responsible for audit...Based on the objective reality that audit risk responsibility has mainly been attributed to certified public accountants in the past,and audit standards have not specifically divided the entities responsible for audit risk responsibility,combined with the understanding of the types of audit risk elements related to audit standards,the differences in the understanding of audit risk and its relationship model application caused by the different audit cultures in China and the West have led to a bias of Chinese certified public accountants to bear inspection risks,which affects their professional enthusiasm and continues to cause accounting firms to be lazy in audit quality management.Based on this,literature research,case analysis,and logical deduction methods were used to redefine the concept of audit risk from the perspective of risk responsibility subjects.The traditional audit risk elements and their relationship models were briefly introduced,and the identification of audit risk elements and optimization of audit risk relationship models were systematically demonstrated.展开更多
The Zebiak–Cane(ZC) model, renowned as a coupled ocean-atmosphere model specifically designed to simulate and predict El Ni??o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO), is an indispensable tool for ENSO studies. However, the origi...The Zebiak–Cane(ZC) model, renowned as a coupled ocean-atmosphere model specifically designed to simulate and predict El Ni??o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO), is an indispensable tool for ENSO studies. However, the original ZC model exhibits certain biases in reproducing the ENSO–related sea surface temperature anomalies and heating anomalies, limiting its broader applicability. To improve the accuracy of ENSO simulation, we propose a modified ZC model based on Xie et al.(2015), named the MZC_XJH model, through refining the heating parameterization scheme. The performance in simulating the nonlinear SST–precipitation relationship in the MZC_XJH model is firstly elaborated. Then, we investigate the impacts of three key atmospheric parameters on ENSO simulation by conducting experiments with the MZC_XJH model. Through assessing the performance in simulating five fundamental ENSO metrics(amplitude, periodicity,seasonality, diversity, and skewness), we uncover that the sensitivities of simulated ENSO behaviors to different parameters are distinct. Moreover, we explain why a particular parameter greatly affects some simulated ENSO behaviors while others exert minor influence. We also reveal that the nonlinear effect due to the covariation of multi-parameters on ENSO simulation warrants careful consideration when tuning multi-parameters synchronously. Lastly, we present an updated version of the MZC_XJH model, in which some biases have been mitigated but some remain obvious. Although there are no universally optimal parameters that would ensure flawless performance in simulating every aspect of ENSO, this study provides a valuable reference for tuning atmospheric parameters in the MZC_XJH model, rendering the MZC_XJH model applicable to some research objectives.展开更多
Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of different dosages of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction (葛根芩连汤) on type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Fifty-four type 2 diabetic patients from low dosage group (20 cases), me...Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of different dosages of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction (葛根芩连汤) on type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Fifty-four type 2 diabetic patients from low dosage group (20 cases), medium dosage group (19 cases) and high dosage group (15 cases) were treated with different dosage of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction for 12 weeks. Fasting blood-glucose (FBG), postprandial blood sugar (PBG) and Hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc) were determined before and after treatment. Results: With the increase of dosage, the overall effective rate of glycaemic control increased, and FBG, PBG, HbAlc decreased. The overall effective rate of blood glucose control of high dosage, medium dosage and low dosage group were 80%, 47%, 30% respectively, and there were significant differences between high dosage group and low dosage group. The decrease of FBG, PBG and HbAlc of high dosage showed significant differences from low dosage too. These data was analyzed by trend χ2 test and covariance analysis. Conclusion: The result indicated that different dosage of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction has dose-effect relationship in reducing HbAlc and FBG.展开更多
Precipitation and surface temperature are two important quantities whose variations are closely related through various physical processes. In the present study, we evaluated the precipitation-surface temperature （P-...Precipitation and surface temperature are two important quantities whose variations are closely related through various physical processes. In the present study, we evaluated the precipitation-surface temperature （P-T） relationship in 17 climate models involved in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） for the IPCC Assessment Report version 5. Most models performed reasonably well at simulat- ing the large-scale features of the P-T correlation distribution. Based on the pattern correlation of the P-T correlation distribution, the models performed better in November-December-January-February-March （NDJFM） than in May-June-July-August-September （MJJAS） except for the mid-latitudes of the North- ern Hemisphere, and the performance was generally better over the land than over the ocean. Seasonal dependence was more obvious over the land than over the ocean and was more obvious over the mid- and high-latitudes than over the tropics. All of the models appear to have had difficulty capturing the P-T correlation distribution over the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere in MJJAS. The spatial variabil- ity of the P-T correlation in the models was overestimated compared to observations. This overestimation tended to be larger over the land than over the ocean and larger over the mid- and high-latitudes than over the tropics. Based on analyses of selected model ensemble simulations, the spread of the P-T correlation among the ensemble members appears to have been small. While the performance in the P-T correlation provides a general direction for future improvement of climate models, the specific reasons for the discrep- ancies between models and observations remain to be revealed with detailed and comprehensive evaluations in various aspects.展开更多
An oil-in-water (O/W) solvent evaporation method was used to prepare biodegradable microspheresbased on poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA). Nifedipine, a hydrophobic drug, was chosen as a model molecule in the studyof drug e...An oil-in-water (O/W) solvent evaporation method was used to prepare biodegradable microspheresbased on poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA). Nifedipine, a hydrophobic drug, was chosen as a model molecule in the studyof drug entrapment and release. Effect of preparation conditions on the size, morphology, drug loading, and releaseprofiles of micropheres was investigated. Based on in vitro release experimental findings, a diffusion/dissolutionmodel was presented for quantitative description of the resulting release behaviors and drug release kinetics fromPLA microspheres analyzed. The mathematical models were used to predict the effect of microstructure on theresulting drug release. It provided an approach to determine the suitable structure parameters for microspheres toachieve desired drug release behaviors.展开更多
In order to investigate the basic mechanical properties and stress strain relationship model for bamboo scrimber manufactured based on a new technique,a large quantities of experiments have been carried out.Based on t...In order to investigate the basic mechanical properties and stress strain relationship model for bamboo scrimber manufactured based on a new technique,a large quantities of experiments have been carried out.Based on the analysis of the test results,the following conclusions can be drawn.Two main typical failure modes were classified for bamboo scrimber specimens both under tension parallel to grain and tension perpendicular to grain.Brittle failure happened for all tensile tests.The slope values for the elastic stages have bigger discreteness compared with those for the specimens under tensile parallel to grain.The failure modes for bamboo scrimber specimens under compression parallel to grain could be divided into four.Only one main failure mode happened both for the bending specimens and the shear specimens.With the COV values of 28.64 and 25.72 respectively,the values for the strength and elastic modulus under tensile perpendicular to grain have the largest discreteness for bamboo scrimber.From the point of CHV values,the relationship among the mechanical parameters for bamboo scrimber were proposed based on the test results.Compared with other green building materials,bamboo scrimber manufactured based on a new technique has better mechanical performance and could be used in construction area.Three stress strain relationship models which are four-linear model,quadratic function model,and cubic function model were proposed for bamboo scrimber specimens manufactured based on a new technique.The latter two models gives better prediction for stress strain relationship in elastic plastic stage.展开更多
A numerical method was used in order to establish the constitutive relationship of sands under different stress paths, Firstly, based on the numerical method modeling the constitutive law of sands, the elastoplastic c...A numerical method was used in order to establish the constitutive relationship of sands under different stress paths, Firstly, based on the numerical method modeling the constitutive law of sands, the elastoplastic constitutive relationship of sand was established for three paths： the constant proportion of principle stress path, the conventional triaxial compression （CTC） path, and the p=constant （TC） path. The yield lines of plastic volumetric strain and plastic generalized shear strain were given. Through visualization, the three dimensional surface of the stress-strain relationship in the whole stress field （p, q） obtained under the three paths was plotted. Also, by comparing the stress-strain surfaces and yield locus of the three stress paths, the differences were found to be obvious, which demonstrates that the influence of the stress paths on constitutive law was not neglected. The numerical modeling method overcame the difficulty of finding an analytical expression for plastic potential. The results simulated the experimental data with an accuracy of 90% on average, so the constitutive model established in this paper provides an effective constitutive equation for this kind of engineering, reflecting the effect of practical stress paths that occur in sands.展开更多
We discuss here the complexity of the doses of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions and herbs from different viewpoints,including the heterogeneity of drug quality,the flexibility of prescriptions,and the d...We discuss here the complexity of the doses of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions and herbs from different viewpoints,including the heterogeneity of drug quality,the flexibility of prescriptions,and the diversity of drug effects.Then,the corresponding research ideas and strategies are proposed.We can reveal the actual situation of clinical doses based on in-depth "real-world study" of the safety and effectiveness of TCM prescriptions,create an analytical method for dose-effect relationships in accordance with the features of TCM,and reveal the correlated regular nature of the effectiveness and dosage of TCM prescriptions and herbs.展开更多
Understanding the relationship between tree height （H） and diameter at breast height （D） is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its appli...Understanding the relationship between tree height （H） and diameter at breast height （D） is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its applicability for unevenly aged stands of moso bamboo forest at a regional scale. Field data were collected for 21 plots. Based on these data, we identified two strong power relationships： a corre- lation between the mean bamboo height （Hm） and the upper mean H （Hu）, and a correlation between the mean D （Din） and the upper mean D （Du）. Simulation results derived from the aUometric equation model were in good agreement with observed culms derived from the field data for the 21 stands, with a root-mean-square error and relative root-mean-square error of 1.40 m and 13.41%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the allometric equation model had a strong predictive power in the unevenly aged stands at a regional scale. In addition, the estimated average height-diameter （H-D） model for South Anhui Province was used to predict H for the same type of bamboo in Hunan Province based on the measured D, and the results were highly similar. The allometric equation model has multiple uses at the regional scale, including the evaluation of the variation in the H- D relationship among regions. The model describes the average H-D relationship without considering the effects caused by variation in site conditions, tree density and other factors.展开更多
Due to people’s increasing dependence on social networks,it is essential to develop a consensus model considering not only their own factors but also the interaction between people.Both external trust relationship am...Due to people’s increasing dependence on social networks,it is essential to develop a consensus model considering not only their own factors but also the interaction between people.Both external trust relationship among experts and the internal reliability of experts are important factors in decision-making.This paper focuses on improving the scientificity and effectiveness of decision-making and presents a consensus model combining trust relationship among experts and expert reliability in social network group decision-making(SN-GDM).A concept named matching degree is proposed to measure expert reliability.Meanwhile,linguistic information is applied to manage the imprecise and vague information.Matching degree is expressed by a 2-tuple linguistic model,and experts’preferences are measured by a probabilistic linguistic term set(PLTS).Subsequently,a hybrid weight is explored to weigh experts’importance in a group.Then a consensus measure is introduced and a feedback mechanism is developed to produce some personalized recommendations with higher group consensus.Finally,a comparative example is provided to prove the scientificity and effectiveness of the proposed consensus model.展开更多
The characteristics of seismic ground motions in southern China are difficult to determine statistically due to a lack of strong ground motion data.In this study,a stochastic finite-fault ground motion model was adopt...The characteristics of seismic ground motions in southern China are difficult to determine statistically due to a lack of strong ground motion data.In this study,a stochastic finite-fault ground motion model was adopted to simulate the seismic ground motions at bedrock for southern China,based on parameters derived from small and medium earthquakes that have occurred in the region.From these,the response spectra was estimated.A set of ground motion attenuation relationships was then developed based on simulated peak ground motions and response spectral parameters through regression,which would be applicable for use in engineering practice.Through comparisons,it was demonstrated that the proposed ground motion relationships are generally consistent with those obtained from other reported ground motion attenuation models for southern China.展开更多
Breast cancer is presently one of the most common malignancies worldwide,with a higher fatality rate.In this study,a quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR)model of compound biological activity and ADMET(Ab...Breast cancer is presently one of the most common malignancies worldwide,with a higher fatality rate.In this study,a quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR)model of compound biological activity and ADMET(Absorption,Distribution,Metabolism,Excretion,Toxicity)properties prediction model were performed using estrogen receptor alpha(ERα)antagonist information collected from compound samples.We first utilized grey relation analysis(GRA)in conjunction with the random forest(RF)algorithm to identify the top 20 molecular descriptor variables that have the greatest influence on biological activity,and then we used Spearman correlation analysis to identify 16 independent variables.Second,a QSAR model of the compound were developed based on BP neural network(BPNN),genetic algorithm optimized BP neural network(GA-BPNN),and support vector regression(SVR).The BPNN,the SVR,and the logistic regression(LR)models were then used to identify and predict the ADMET properties of substances,with the prediction impacts of each model compared and assessed.The results reveal that a SVR model was used in QSAR quantitative prediction,and in the classification prediction of ADMET properties:the SVR model predicts the Caco-2 and hERG(human Ether-a-go-go Related Gene)properties,the LR model predicts the cytochrome P450 enzyme 3A4 subtype(CYP3A4)and Micronucleus(MN)properties,and the BPNN model predicts the Human Oral Bioavailability(HOB)properties.Finally,information entropy theory is used to validate the rationality of variable screening,and sensitivity analysis of the model demonstrates that the constructed model has high accuracy and stability,which can be used as a reference for screening probable active compounds and drug discovery.展开更多
Direct coal liquefaction(DCL)is an important and effective method of converting coal into high-valueadded chemicals and fuel oil.In DCL,heating the direct coal liquefaction solvent(DCLS)from low to high temperature an...Direct coal liquefaction(DCL)is an important and effective method of converting coal into high-valueadded chemicals and fuel oil.In DCL,heating the direct coal liquefaction solvent(DCLS)from low to high temperature and pre-hydrogenation of the DCLS are critical steps.Therefore,studying the dissolution of hydrogen in DCLS under liquefaction conditions gains importance.However,it is difficult to precisely determine hydrogen solubility only by experiments,especially under the actual DCL conditions.To address this issue,we developed a prediction model of hydrogen solubility in a single solvent based on the machine-learning quantitative structure–property relationship(ML-QSPR)methods.The results showed that the squared correlation coefficient R^(2)=0.92 and root mean square error RMSE=0.095,indicating the model’s good statistical performance.The external validation of the model also reveals excellent accuracy and predictive ability.Molecular polarization(a)is the main factor affecting the dissolution of hydrogen in DCLS.The hydrogen solubility in acyclic alkanes increases with increasing carbon number.Whereas in polycyclic aromatics,it decreases with increasing ring number,and in hydrogenated aromatics,it increases with hydrogenation degree.This work provides a new reference for the selection and proportioning of DCLS,i.e.,a solvent with higher hydrogen solubility can be added to provide active hydrogen for the reaction and thus reduce the hydrogen pressure.Besides,it brings important insight into the theoretical significance and practical value of the DCL.展开更多
Objective:To explore multiple relationships in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)knowledge by comparing binary and multiple relationships during knowledge organization.Methods:Characteristics of binary and multiple sem...Objective:To explore multiple relationships in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)knowledge by comparing binary and multiple relationships during knowledge organization.Methods:Characteristics of binary and multiple semantic relationships as well as their associations are described.A method to classify multiple relationships based on the involvement of time is proposed and theoretically validated using examples from the ancient TCM classic Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces.The classification includes parallel multiple relationships,restricted multiple relationships,multiple relationships that involve time,and multiple relationships that involve time restriction.Next,construction of multiple semantic relationships for TCM concepts in each classification using Protege,an ontology editing tool is described.Results:Protege is superior to a binary relationship and less than ideal with multiple relationships during the constitution of concept relationships.Conclusion:When applied in TCM,the semantic relationships constructed by Protege are superior than those constructed by correlation and/or attribute relationships,but less ideal than those constructed by the human cognitive process.展开更多
Objective:To calculate the focus absorption dose of 153Sm-EDTMP with the Monte Carlo(MC)EGS4 method for treatment of bone metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma or breast cancer,and investigate the relationship betw...Objective:To calculate the focus absorption dose of 153Sm-EDTMP with the Monte Carlo(MC)EGS4 method for treatment of bone metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma or breast cancer,and investigate the relationship between the focus absorption dose and painkilling effect of 153Sm-EDTMP.Methods:Four patients with multiple bone metastases from nasopharyngeal or breast carcinoma and suffered from grade IV bone pain were treated with radionuclide internal irradiation of 153Sm-EDTMP.The absorption dose and dose distribution of bone metastases and other targeted organs were calculated with MC EGS4 program based on the time-order SPECT/CT scanning and the measurement of the radioactivity in the urine accumulation.The release of bone pain and the improvement of life quality were observed.Results:Bone pain of the patients was significantly alleviated to grade II for 3–4 weeks after internal 153Sm-EDTMP irradiation.The 3-dimensional absorption dose distribution image of bone metastases and targeted organs showed that the dose distribution in bone metastases was not asymmetrical.After injection of 0.65×37 MBq/kg 153Sm-EDTMP,the highest absorption dose in bone lesions was about 4.9–5.9 Gy,and the dose in the lesion margin was about 2.0 Gy.Using the highest dose as reference dose point,the relative absorption dose values of bone marrow,vertebra and sex organ near lesions were 0.48–1.1 Gy,0.51–0.85 Gy,and 0.01–0.14 Gy,respectively.Conclusion:The absorption dose of bone metastases is significantly lower than treatment dose of 30 Gy after single irradiation of 153Sm-EDTMP.The painkilling effect is limited and in accordance with clinical observation.展开更多
On the outskirts of the metropolitan areas in Japan, the rapid development of urban areas and the improvement in transportation networks have brought various land use problems in their wake, including urban diffusion ...On the outskirts of the metropolitan areas in Japan, the rapid development of urban areas and the improvement in transportation networks have brought various land use problems in their wake, including urban diffusion and the phenomenon of urban sprawl. There is a strong need for accurate predictions of land-use change and future urbanization, as well as investigation of the appropriateness of present land use controls and the land use controls that will be required in the future. This study took as its object the outskirts of the Keihanshin (Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe) Metropolitan Area, the second largest conurbation in Japan after the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, and used the digital maps and spatial analysis offered by GIS. It aimed to: 1) describe the characteristics of land use controls, land use and urbanization;2) develop an urbanization prediction model that considers the neighboring relationship of neighboring areas on a 100 m mesh unit;3) apply this model to the study area and verify its validity regarding the conditions of present land use;4) compare urbanization prediction results by this model with the present land use controls;and 5) make predictions for future urbanization and propose remedial measures for future land use controls.展开更多
Clarifying the relationship between stress sensitivities of permeability and porosity is of great significance in guiding underground resource mining.More and more studies focus on how to construct stress sensitivity ...Clarifying the relationship between stress sensitivities of permeability and porosity is of great significance in guiding underground resource mining.More and more studies focus on how to construct stress sensitivity models to describe the relationship and obtain a comprehensive stress sensitivity of porous rock.However,the limitations of elastic deformation calculation and incompleteness of considered tortuosity sensitivity lead to the fact that the existing stress sensitivity models are still unsatisfactory in terms of accuracy and generalization.Therefore,a more accurate and generic stress sensitivity model considering elastic-structural deformation of capillary cross-section and tortuosity sensitivity is proposed in this paper.The elastic deformation is derived from the fractal scaling model and Hooke's law.Considering the effects of elastic-structural deformation on tortuosity sensitivity,an empirical formula is proposed,and the conditions for its applicability are clarified.The predictive performance of the proposed model for the permeability-porosity relationships is validated in several sets of publicly available experimental data.These experimental data are from different rocks under different pressure cycles.The mean and standard deviation of relative errors of predicted stress sensitivity with respect to experimental data are 2.63%and 1.91%.Compared with other models,the proposed model has higher accuracy and better predictive generalization performance.It is also found that the porosity sensitivity exponent a,which can describe permeability-porosity relationships,is 2 when only elastic deformation is considered.a decreases from 2 when structural deformation is also considered.In addition,a may be greater than 3 due to the increase in tortuosity sensitivity when tortuosity sensitivity is considered even if the rock is not fractured.展开更多
Computed Tomography(CT)is a commonly used technology in Printed Circuit Boards(PCB)non-destructive testing,and element segmentation of CT images is a key subsequent step.With the development of deep learning,researche...Computed Tomography(CT)is a commonly used technology in Printed Circuit Boards(PCB)non-destructive testing,and element segmentation of CT images is a key subsequent step.With the development of deep learning,researchers began to exploit the“pre-training and fine-tuning”training process for multi-element segmentation,reducing the time spent on manual annotation.However,the existing element segmentation model only focuses on the overall accuracy at the pixel level,ignoring whether the element connectivity relationship can be correctly identified.To this end,this paper proposes a PCB CT image element segmentation model optimizing the semantic perception of connectivity relationship(OSPC-seg).The overall training process adopts a“pre-training and fine-tuning”training process.A loss function that optimizes the semantic perception of circuit connectivity relationship(OSPC Loss)is designed from the aspect of alleviating the class imbalance problem and improving the correct connectivity rate.Also,the correct connectivity rate index(CCR)is proposed to evaluate the model’s connectivity relationship recognition capabilities.Experiments show that mIoU and CCR of OSPC-seg on our datasets are 90.1%and 97.0%,improved by 1.5%and 1.6%respectively compared with the baseline model.From visualization results,it can be seen that the segmentation performance of connection positions is significantly improved,which also demonstrates the effectiveness of OSPC-seg.展开更多
Through analyzing 7 Ib-type samples of synthetic single diamonds by their DTA and TG in air, we ascertained the extrapolated onset temperature on the curves of DTA as the characteristic temperature of their thermal st...Through analyzing 7 Ib-type samples of synthetic single diamonds by their DTA and TG in air, we ascertained the extrapolated onset temperature on the curves of DTA as the characteristic temperature of their thermal stabilities. Based on the grey system theory, we analyzed 4 factors influential in the thermal stability by the grey relationship analysis, a quantitative method, and derived the grey relationship sequence, that is, the rank of the influence extent of 4 factors on the thermal stability. Furthermore, we established the grey forecasting model, namely GM(1,5), for predicting the thermal stability of single diamonds with their intrinsic properties, which was then examined by a deviation-probability examination. The results illustrate that it is reasonable to take the Extrapolated Onset Temperature in DTA as the characteristic temperature for thermal stability (TS) of Ib-type synthetic single diamonds. The nitrogen content and grain shape regularity of diamonds are dominating factors. Likewise, grain size and compressive strength are minor factors. In addition, GM(1,5) can be used to predict the thermal stability of Ib-type synthetic single diamonds available. The precision rank of GM(1,5) is ‘GOOD’.展开更多
基金supported by the Major Research Instrument Development Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82327810)the Foundation of the President of Hebei University(XZJJ202202)the Hebei Province“333 talent project”(A202101058).
文摘Within the prefrontal-cingulate cortex,abnormalities in coupling between neuronal networks can disturb the emotion-cognition interactions,contributing to the development of mental disorders such as depression.Despite this understanding,the neural circuit mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive.In this study,we present a biophysical computational model encompassing three crucial regions,including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,subgenual anterior cingulate cortex,and ventromedial prefrontal cortex.The objective is to investigate the role of coupling relationships within the prefrontal-cingulate cortex networks in balancing emotions and cognitive processes.The numerical results confirm that coupled weights play a crucial role in the balance of emotional cognitive networks.Furthermore,our model predicts the pathogenic mechanism of depression resulting from abnormalities in the subgenual cortex,and network functionality was restored through intervention in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.This study utilizes computational modeling techniques to provide an insight explanation for the diagnosis and treatment of depression.
基金Key Project of Fujian Provincial University Application Technology Engineering Center for E-commerce,“Research on Improving the Risk Relationship Model of Localized Audit Risk Factors in the Digital Economy Background”(Project number:DZSW24-3).
文摘Based on the objective reality that audit risk responsibility has mainly been attributed to certified public accountants in the past,and audit standards have not specifically divided the entities responsible for audit risk responsibility,combined with the understanding of the types of audit risk elements related to audit standards,the differences in the understanding of audit risk and its relationship model application caused by the different audit cultures in China and the West have led to a bias of Chinese certified public accountants to bear inspection risks,which affects their professional enthusiasm and continues to cause accounting firms to be lazy in audit quality management.Based on this,literature research,case analysis,and logical deduction methods were used to redefine the concept of audit risk from the perspective of risk responsibility subjects.The traditional audit risk elements and their relationship models were briefly introduced,and the identification of audit risk elements and optimization of audit risk relationship models were systematically demonstrated.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFF0802004)the Excellent Youth Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20230061)+1 种基金the Joint Open Project of KLME&CIC-FEMD (Grant No.KLME202501)Jiangsu Innovation Research Group (Grant No.JSSCTD 202346)。
文摘The Zebiak–Cane(ZC) model, renowned as a coupled ocean-atmosphere model specifically designed to simulate and predict El Ni??o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO), is an indispensable tool for ENSO studies. However, the original ZC model exhibits certain biases in reproducing the ENSO–related sea surface temperature anomalies and heating anomalies, limiting its broader applicability. To improve the accuracy of ENSO simulation, we propose a modified ZC model based on Xie et al.(2015), named the MZC_XJH model, through refining the heating parameterization scheme. The performance in simulating the nonlinear SST–precipitation relationship in the MZC_XJH model is firstly elaborated. Then, we investigate the impacts of three key atmospheric parameters on ENSO simulation by conducting experiments with the MZC_XJH model. Through assessing the performance in simulating five fundamental ENSO metrics(amplitude, periodicity,seasonality, diversity, and skewness), we uncover that the sensitivities of simulated ENSO behaviors to different parameters are distinct. Moreover, we explain why a particular parameter greatly affects some simulated ENSO behaviors while others exert minor influence. We also reveal that the nonlinear effect due to the covariation of multi-parameters on ENSO simulation warrants careful consideration when tuning multi-parameters synchronously. Lastly, we present an updated version of the MZC_XJH model, in which some biases have been mitigated but some remain obvious. Although there are no universally optimal parameters that would ensure flawless performance in simulating every aspect of ENSO, this study provides a valuable reference for tuning atmospheric parameters in the MZC_XJH model, rendering the MZC_XJH model applicable to some research objectives.
基金supported by a grant from the National Basic Research Program (973 Program, No.2010CB530601)
文摘Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of different dosages of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction (葛根芩连汤) on type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Fifty-four type 2 diabetic patients from low dosage group (20 cases), medium dosage group (19 cases) and high dosage group (15 cases) were treated with different dosage of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction for 12 weeks. Fasting blood-glucose (FBG), postprandial blood sugar (PBG) and Hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc) were determined before and after treatment. Results: With the increase of dosage, the overall effective rate of glycaemic control increased, and FBG, PBG, HbAlc decreased. The overall effective rate of blood glucose control of high dosage, medium dosage and low dosage group were 80%, 47%, 30% respectively, and there were significant differences between high dosage group and low dosage group. The decrease of FBG, PBG and HbAlc of high dosage showed significant differences from low dosage too. These data was analyzed by trend χ2 test and covariance analysis. Conclusion: The result indicated that different dosage of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction has dose-effect relationship in reducing HbAlc and FBG.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2009CB421404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41175076)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.11lgjc10)the support of a Direct Grant of the Chinese University of Hong Kong(Grant No.2021105)a Hong Kong Research Grants Council Project(CUHK No.403612)
文摘Precipitation and surface temperature are two important quantities whose variations are closely related through various physical processes. In the present study, we evaluated the precipitation-surface temperature （P-T） relationship in 17 climate models involved in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） for the IPCC Assessment Report version 5. Most models performed reasonably well at simulat- ing the large-scale features of the P-T correlation distribution. Based on the pattern correlation of the P-T correlation distribution, the models performed better in November-December-January-February-March （NDJFM） than in May-June-July-August-September （MJJAS） except for the mid-latitudes of the North- ern Hemisphere, and the performance was generally better over the land than over the ocean. Seasonal dependence was more obvious over the land than over the ocean and was more obvious over the mid- and high-latitudes than over the tropics. All of the models appear to have had difficulty capturing the P-T correlation distribution over the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere in MJJAS. The spatial variabil- ity of the P-T correlation in the models was overestimated compared to observations. This overestimation tended to be larger over the land than over the ocean and larger over the mid- and high-latitudes than over the tropics. Based on analyses of selected model ensemble simulations, the spread of the P-T correlation among the ensemble members appears to have been small. While the performance in the P-T correlation provides a general direction for future improvement of climate models, the specific reasons for the discrep- ancies between models and observations remain to be revealed with detailed and comprehensive evaluations in various aspects.
文摘An oil-in-water (O/W) solvent evaporation method was used to prepare biodegradable microspheresbased on poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA). Nifedipine, a hydrophobic drug, was chosen as a model molecule in the studyof drug entrapment and release. Effect of preparation conditions on the size, morphology, drug loading, and releaseprofiles of micropheres was investigated. Based on in vitro release experimental findings, a diffusion/dissolutionmodel was presented for quantitative description of the resulting release behaviors and drug release kinetics fromPLA microspheres analyzed. The mathematical models were used to predict the effect of microstructure on theresulting drug release. It provided an approach to determine the suitable structure parameters for microspheres toachieve desired drug release behaviors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51878354)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiang-su Province(No.BK20181402)+1 种基金Six Peak High-level Talents Project of Jiangsu Provincea Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘In order to investigate the basic mechanical properties and stress strain relationship model for bamboo scrimber manufactured based on a new technique,a large quantities of experiments have been carried out.Based on the analysis of the test results,the following conclusions can be drawn.Two main typical failure modes were classified for bamboo scrimber specimens both under tension parallel to grain and tension perpendicular to grain.Brittle failure happened for all tensile tests.The slope values for the elastic stages have bigger discreteness compared with those for the specimens under tensile parallel to grain.The failure modes for bamboo scrimber specimens under compression parallel to grain could be divided into four.Only one main failure mode happened both for the bending specimens and the shear specimens.With the COV values of 28.64 and 25.72 respectively,the values for the strength and elastic modulus under tensile perpendicular to grain have the largest discreteness for bamboo scrimber.From the point of CHV values,the relationship among the mechanical parameters for bamboo scrimber were proposed based on the test results.Compared with other green building materials,bamboo scrimber manufactured based on a new technique has better mechanical performance and could be used in construction area.Three stress strain relationship models which are four-linear model,quadratic function model,and cubic function model were proposed for bamboo scrimber specimens manufactured based on a new technique.The latter two models gives better prediction for stress strain relationship in elastic plastic stage.
文摘A numerical method was used in order to establish the constitutive relationship of sands under different stress paths, Firstly, based on the numerical method modeling the constitutive law of sands, the elastoplastic constitutive relationship of sand was established for three paths： the constant proportion of principle stress path, the conventional triaxial compression （CTC） path, and the p=constant （TC） path. The yield lines of plastic volumetric strain and plastic generalized shear strain were given. Through visualization, the three dimensional surface of the stress-strain relationship in the whole stress field （p, q） obtained under the three paths was plotted. Also, by comparing the stress-strain surfaces and yield locus of the three stress paths, the differences were found to be obvious, which demonstrates that the influence of the stress paths on constitutive law was not neglected. The numerical modeling method overcame the difficulty of finding an analytical expression for plastic potential. The results simulated the experimental data with an accuracy of 90% on average, so the constitutive model established in this paper provides an effective constitutive equation for this kind of engineering, reflecting the effect of practical stress paths that occur in sands.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Special Project of TCM Profession (200907001E)Science and Technology Special Major Project for "Significant New Drugs Formulation"(2009ZX09301-005)
文摘We discuss here the complexity of the doses of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions and herbs from different viewpoints,including the heterogeneity of drug quality,the flexibility of prescriptions,and the diversity of drug effects.Then,the corresponding research ideas and strategies are proposed.We can reveal the actual situation of clinical doses based on in-depth "real-world study" of the safety and effectiveness of TCM prescriptions,create an analytical method for dose-effect relationships in accordance with the features of TCM,and reveal the correlated regular nature of the effectiveness and dosage of TCM prescriptions and herbs.
基金financially supported by the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan(1632014003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101148 and 31300177)
文摘Understanding the relationship between tree height （H） and diameter at breast height （D） is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its applicability for unevenly aged stands of moso bamboo forest at a regional scale. Field data were collected for 21 plots. Based on these data, we identified two strong power relationships： a corre- lation between the mean bamboo height （Hm） and the upper mean H （Hu）, and a correlation between the mean D （Din） and the upper mean D （Du）. Simulation results derived from the aUometric equation model were in good agreement with observed culms derived from the field data for the 21 stands, with a root-mean-square error and relative root-mean-square error of 1.40 m and 13.41%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the allometric equation model had a strong predictive power in the unevenly aged stands at a regional scale. In addition, the estimated average height-diameter （H-D） model for South Anhui Province was used to predict H for the same type of bamboo in Hunan Province based on the measured D, and the results were highly similar. The allometric equation model has multiple uses at the regional scale, including the evaluation of the variation in the H- D relationship among regions. The model describes the average H-D relationship without considering the effects caused by variation in site conditions, tree density and other factors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71871121).
文摘Due to people’s increasing dependence on social networks,it is essential to develop a consensus model considering not only their own factors but also the interaction between people.Both external trust relationship among experts and the internal reliability of experts are important factors in decision-making.This paper focuses on improving the scientificity and effectiveness of decision-making and presents a consensus model combining trust relationship among experts and expert reliability in social network group decision-making(SN-GDM).A concept named matching degree is proposed to measure expert reliability.Meanwhile,linguistic information is applied to manage the imprecise and vague information.Matching degree is expressed by a 2-tuple linguistic model,and experts’preferences are measured by a probabilistic linguistic term set(PLTS).Subsequently,a hybrid weight is explored to weigh experts’importance in a group.Then a consensus measure is introduced and a feedback mechanism is developed to produce some personalized recommendations with higher group consensus.Finally,a comparative example is provided to prove the scientificity and effectiveness of the proposed consensus model.
基金Hong Kong Polytechnic University Under Grant No.1.30.56.A226
文摘The characteristics of seismic ground motions in southern China are difficult to determine statistically due to a lack of strong ground motion data.In this study,a stochastic finite-fault ground motion model was adopted to simulate the seismic ground motions at bedrock for southern China,based on parameters derived from small and medium earthquakes that have occurred in the region.From these,the response spectra was estimated.A set of ground motion attenuation relationships was then developed based on simulated peak ground motions and response spectral parameters through regression,which would be applicable for use in engineering practice.Through comparisons,it was demonstrated that the proposed ground motion relationships are generally consistent with those obtained from other reported ground motion attenuation models for southern China.
基金Supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX23_0082)
文摘Breast cancer is presently one of the most common malignancies worldwide,with a higher fatality rate.In this study,a quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR)model of compound biological activity and ADMET(Absorption,Distribution,Metabolism,Excretion,Toxicity)properties prediction model were performed using estrogen receptor alpha(ERα)antagonist information collected from compound samples.We first utilized grey relation analysis(GRA)in conjunction with the random forest(RF)algorithm to identify the top 20 molecular descriptor variables that have the greatest influence on biological activity,and then we used Spearman correlation analysis to identify 16 independent variables.Second,a QSAR model of the compound were developed based on BP neural network(BPNN),genetic algorithm optimized BP neural network(GA-BPNN),and support vector regression(SVR).The BPNN,the SVR,and the logistic regression(LR)models were then used to identify and predict the ADMET properties of substances,with the prediction impacts of each model compared and assessed.The results reveal that a SVR model was used in QSAR quantitative prediction,and in the classification prediction of ADMET properties:the SVR model predicts the Caco-2 and hERG(human Ether-a-go-go Related Gene)properties,the LR model predicts the cytochrome P450 enzyme 3A4 subtype(CYP3A4)and Micronucleus(MN)properties,and the BPNN model predicts the Human Oral Bioavailability(HOB)properties.Finally,information entropy theory is used to validate the rationality of variable screening,and sensitivity analysis of the model demonstrates that the constructed model has high accuracy and stability,which can be used as a reference for screening probable active compounds and drug discovery.
基金the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4101302-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178243)the science and technology innovation project of China Shenhua Coal to Liquid and Chemical Company Limited(MZYHG-22-02).
文摘Direct coal liquefaction(DCL)is an important and effective method of converting coal into high-valueadded chemicals and fuel oil.In DCL,heating the direct coal liquefaction solvent(DCLS)from low to high temperature and pre-hydrogenation of the DCLS are critical steps.Therefore,studying the dissolution of hydrogen in DCLS under liquefaction conditions gains importance.However,it is difficult to precisely determine hydrogen solubility only by experiments,especially under the actual DCL conditions.To address this issue,we developed a prediction model of hydrogen solubility in a single solvent based on the machine-learning quantitative structure–property relationship(ML-QSPR)methods.The results showed that the squared correlation coefficient R^(2)=0.92 and root mean square error RMSE=0.095,indicating the model’s good statistical performance.The external validation of the model also reveals excellent accuracy and predictive ability.Molecular polarization(a)is the main factor affecting the dissolution of hydrogen in DCLS.The hydrogen solubility in acyclic alkanes increases with increasing carbon number.Whereas in polycyclic aromatics,it decreases with increasing ring number,and in hydrogenated aromatics,it increases with hydrogenation degree.This work provides a new reference for the selection and proportioning of DCLS,i.e.,a solvent with higher hydrogen solubility can be added to provide active hydrogen for the reaction and thus reduce the hydrogen pressure.Besides,it brings important insight into the theoretical significance and practical value of the DCL.
文摘Objective:To explore multiple relationships in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)knowledge by comparing binary and multiple relationships during knowledge organization.Methods:Characteristics of binary and multiple semantic relationships as well as their associations are described.A method to classify multiple relationships based on the involvement of time is proposed and theoretically validated using examples from the ancient TCM classic Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces.The classification includes parallel multiple relationships,restricted multiple relationships,multiple relationships that involve time,and multiple relationships that involve time restriction.Next,construction of multiple semantic relationships for TCM concepts in each classification using Protege,an ontology editing tool is described.Results:Protege is superior to a binary relationship and less than ideal with multiple relationships during the constitution of concept relationships.Conclusion:When applied in TCM,the semantic relationships constructed by Protege are superior than those constructed by correlation and/or attribute relationships,but less ideal than those constructed by the human cognitive process.
基金grants from the Key Sci-Tech Research Foundationof Guangzhou City(No.2002XZ-J200131)Natural Science Foundationof Guangdong Province(No.031563)National Natural ScienceFoundation(No.10675175).
文摘Objective:To calculate the focus absorption dose of 153Sm-EDTMP with the Monte Carlo(MC)EGS4 method for treatment of bone metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma or breast cancer,and investigate the relationship between the focus absorption dose and painkilling effect of 153Sm-EDTMP.Methods:Four patients with multiple bone metastases from nasopharyngeal or breast carcinoma and suffered from grade IV bone pain were treated with radionuclide internal irradiation of 153Sm-EDTMP.The absorption dose and dose distribution of bone metastases and other targeted organs were calculated with MC EGS4 program based on the time-order SPECT/CT scanning and the measurement of the radioactivity in the urine accumulation.The release of bone pain and the improvement of life quality were observed.Results:Bone pain of the patients was significantly alleviated to grade II for 3–4 weeks after internal 153Sm-EDTMP irradiation.The 3-dimensional absorption dose distribution image of bone metastases and targeted organs showed that the dose distribution in bone metastases was not asymmetrical.After injection of 0.65×37 MBq/kg 153Sm-EDTMP,the highest absorption dose in bone lesions was about 4.9–5.9 Gy,and the dose in the lesion margin was about 2.0 Gy.Using the highest dose as reference dose point,the relative absorption dose values of bone marrow,vertebra and sex organ near lesions were 0.48–1.1 Gy,0.51–0.85 Gy,and 0.01–0.14 Gy,respectively.Conclusion:The absorption dose of bone metastases is significantly lower than treatment dose of 30 Gy after single irradiation of 153Sm-EDTMP.The painkilling effect is limited and in accordance with clinical observation.
文摘On the outskirts of the metropolitan areas in Japan, the rapid development of urban areas and the improvement in transportation networks have brought various land use problems in their wake, including urban diffusion and the phenomenon of urban sprawl. There is a strong need for accurate predictions of land-use change and future urbanization, as well as investigation of the appropriateness of present land use controls and the land use controls that will be required in the future. This study took as its object the outskirts of the Keihanshin (Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe) Metropolitan Area, the second largest conurbation in Japan after the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, and used the digital maps and spatial analysis offered by GIS. It aimed to: 1) describe the characteristics of land use controls, land use and urbanization;2) develop an urbanization prediction model that considers the neighboring relationship of neighboring areas on a 100 m mesh unit;3) apply this model to the study area and verify its validity regarding the conditions of present land use;4) compare urbanization prediction results by this model with the present land use controls;and 5) make predictions for future urbanization and propose remedial measures for future land use controls.
基金funding support from the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1637206)Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant No.20YF1417200).
文摘Clarifying the relationship between stress sensitivities of permeability and porosity is of great significance in guiding underground resource mining.More and more studies focus on how to construct stress sensitivity models to describe the relationship and obtain a comprehensive stress sensitivity of porous rock.However,the limitations of elastic deformation calculation and incompleteness of considered tortuosity sensitivity lead to the fact that the existing stress sensitivity models are still unsatisfactory in terms of accuracy and generalization.Therefore,a more accurate and generic stress sensitivity model considering elastic-structural deformation of capillary cross-section and tortuosity sensitivity is proposed in this paper.The elastic deformation is derived from the fractal scaling model and Hooke's law.Considering the effects of elastic-structural deformation on tortuosity sensitivity,an empirical formula is proposed,and the conditions for its applicability are clarified.The predictive performance of the proposed model for the permeability-porosity relationships is validated in several sets of publicly available experimental data.These experimental data are from different rocks under different pressure cycles.The mean and standard deviation of relative errors of predicted stress sensitivity with respect to experimental data are 2.63%and 1.91%.Compared with other models,the proposed model has higher accuracy and better predictive generalization performance.It is also found that the porosity sensitivity exponent a,which can describe permeability-porosity relationships,is 2 when only elastic deformation is considered.a decreases from 2 when structural deformation is also considered.In addition,a may be greater than 3 due to the increase in tortuosity sensitivity when tortuosity sensitivity is considered even if the rock is not fractured.
文摘Computed Tomography(CT)is a commonly used technology in Printed Circuit Boards(PCB)non-destructive testing,and element segmentation of CT images is a key subsequent step.With the development of deep learning,researchers began to exploit the“pre-training and fine-tuning”training process for multi-element segmentation,reducing the time spent on manual annotation.However,the existing element segmentation model only focuses on the overall accuracy at the pixel level,ignoring whether the element connectivity relationship can be correctly identified.To this end,this paper proposes a PCB CT image element segmentation model optimizing the semantic perception of connectivity relationship(OSPC-seg).The overall training process adopts a“pre-training and fine-tuning”training process.A loss function that optimizes the semantic perception of circuit connectivity relationship(OSPC Loss)is designed from the aspect of alleviating the class imbalance problem and improving the correct connectivity rate.Also,the correct connectivity rate index(CCR)is proposed to evaluate the model’s connectivity relationship recognition capabilities.Experiments show that mIoU and CCR of OSPC-seg on our datasets are 90.1%and 97.0%,improved by 1.5%and 1.6%respectively compared with the baseline model.From visualization results,it can be seen that the segmentation performance of connection positions is significantly improved,which also demonstrates the effectiveness of OSPC-seg.
文摘Through analyzing 7 Ib-type samples of synthetic single diamonds by their DTA and TG in air, we ascertained the extrapolated onset temperature on the curves of DTA as the characteristic temperature of their thermal stabilities. Based on the grey system theory, we analyzed 4 factors influential in the thermal stability by the grey relationship analysis, a quantitative method, and derived the grey relationship sequence, that is, the rank of the influence extent of 4 factors on the thermal stability. Furthermore, we established the grey forecasting model, namely GM(1,5), for predicting the thermal stability of single diamonds with their intrinsic properties, which was then examined by a deviation-probability examination. The results illustrate that it is reasonable to take the Extrapolated Onset Temperature in DTA as the characteristic temperature for thermal stability (TS) of Ib-type synthetic single diamonds. The nitrogen content and grain shape regularity of diamonds are dominating factors. Likewise, grain size and compressive strength are minor factors. In addition, GM(1,5) can be used to predict the thermal stability of Ib-type synthetic single diamonds available. The precision rank of GM(1,5) is ‘GOOD’.
