The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of viral hepatitis B and C and co-infection with HIV among volunteer blood donors at the blood sampling and distribution depot (BSDD) in Ouahigouya. Patients and ...The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of viral hepatitis B and C and co-infection with HIV among volunteer blood donors at the blood sampling and distribution depot (BSDD) in Ouahigouya. Patients and methods: Our study population consisted of all volunteer blood donors who had donated during a 2-year period from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020. Samples were taken from patients with no contraindications and serological tests were performed using ELISA tests. HBsAg, HCV-Ac and HIV serology were tested. All samples reactive for HIV, HBV and HCV were retested for confirmation using a second enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A result was considered positive if both the first and second tests were positive. Results: In two years, the Ouahigouya BSDD recorded 9726 donations, including 7983 new donors and 1743 former donors. The average age of donors was 25.59 years, with a sex ratio of 3.4. The seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV was 7.31%, 3.10% and 2.12% respectively. HBV-HCV co-infection was found in 0.32% of cases, HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV, and HIV-HBV-HCV co-infection were found in 0.25%, 0.09% and 0.04% respectively. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of viral hepatitis B and C remains high among volunteer blood donors in Ouahigouya, although a decline in seroprevalence appears to be on the horizon.展开更多
Glycosyl imidates are among the pioneering donors for catalytic glycosylation.We report a new generation of imidates featuring the presence of a pentafluorophenyl group,introduced via substitution on imidoyl fluoride ...Glycosyl imidates are among the pioneering donors for catalytic glycosylation.We report a new generation of imidates featuring the presence of a pentafluorophenyl group,introduced via substitution on imidoyl fluoride which is easily prepared,stable and user-friendly.The resulting donors exhibit exceptional shelf stability while can be readily activated to achieve high-yielding glycosylation,encompassing comprehensively aldosyl,ketosyl and ulosonyl donors,and both O-and N-glycosylation acceptors.Notably,the reactivity gradient across different generations of imidates,coupled with the accessible imidate acceptor from selective reaction of imidoyl fluoride at the anomeric hydroxyl group,enables a fully catalytic one-pot synthesis of oligosaccharides.展开更多
Control of hyperfine interaction strength of shallow donors in Si is one of the central issues in realizing Kane quantum computers.First-principles calculations on the hyperfine Stark shift of shallow donors are chall...Control of hyperfine interaction strength of shallow donors in Si is one of the central issues in realizing Kane quantum computers.First-principles calculations on the hyperfine Stark shift of shallow donors are challenging since large supercells are needed to accommodate the delocalized donor wave functions.In this work,we investigated the hyperfine Stark shift and its strain tunability for shallow donors P and As in Si using the potential patching method based on first-principles density functional theory calculations.The good agreement between our calculations and experimental results confirms that the potential patching method is a feasible and accurate first-principles approach for studying wave-function-related properties of shallow impurities,such as the Stark shift parameter.It is further shown that the application of strain expands the range of hyperfine Stark shift and helps improve the response of shallow donor based qubit gates.The results could be useful for developing quantum computing architectures based on shallow donors in Si.展开更多
BACKGROUND The utilization of hearts from older donors has increased,particularly for older recipients.However,the impact of older donor hearts on recipients of different ages is less known.AIM To determine the impact...BACKGROUND The utilization of hearts from older donors has increased,particularly for older recipients.However,the impact of older donor hearts on recipients of different ages is less known.AIM To determine the impact of older donor hearts on post-transplant outcomes across different recipient age groups.METHODS The Organ Procurement and Transplant Network database was queried from 2006 to March 2024.Four groups were created stratifying by donor age(>55 years)and recipient age(>60 years).Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used.RESULTS One thousand fifty out of 39868 transplants(2.6%)were performed utilizing hearts from older donors.The rate of older donor hearts in younger recipients was only 1.8%,while the older donor hearts were used 4.0%in older recipients(P<0.001).Old donor/old recipient and young donor/old recipient combinations were associated with post-transplant mortality[hazard ratio(HR):1.64(95%CI:1.42-1.90)and 1.42(95%CI:1.34-1.51)],while old donor/young recipient was not.Within each recipient age group,the older recipient groups showed greater differences in 1-and 5-year survival probabilities(80.4%and 67.4%with old donors,89.2%and 76.8%with young donors)than younger recipient groups(90.3%and 77.5%with old donors,92.2%and 80.3%with young donors).CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the higher utilization of older donor hearts(aged more than 55)in older recipients.Paradoxically,the combination of older donor hearts with older recipients is associated with a higher risk of mortality.However,these organs remain valuable options across all recipient age groups in current context of organ shortage.展开更多
BACKGROUNDLiving donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is considered the gold standard fortreating end-stage kidney disease. Previous studies have highlighted the impact ofdonor and recipient demographics in influencing...BACKGROUNDLiving donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is considered the gold standard fortreating end-stage kidney disease. Previous studies have highlighted the impact ofdonor and recipient demographics in influencing post-transplant outcomes. Webelieve that patient and graft outcomes in a tertiary university hospital setting willhave no difference between pairs of standard criteria vs pairs of extended criteria(EC) donors and recipients in LDKT.AIMTo investigate the outcomes of allocating EC donation (ECD) kidneys to ECrecipients (ECR) in LDKT and compare them to standard and mixed standard andEC pair counterparts.METHODSWe collected data from adult LDKTs conducted between April 2017 and April2022. Donor-recipient pairs were grouped based on criteria as follows: (1) Group1: Standard criteria donor (SCD) to standard criteria recipient (SCR);(2) Group 2:SCD to ECR;(3) Group 3: ECD to SCR;and (4) Group 4: ECD to ECR.RESULTSA total of 149 living donor transplants were analysed over a 5-year period. Graftsurvival, patient survival, and graft function were similar across all four groups.The incidence of common postoperative complications was as follows: (1) Perioperative bleeding (5.6%);(2) Surgical site infection (6.8%);and (3) Incisional hernia (7.4%). No statistically significantdifferences were found in patient or graft outcomes amongst the four groups. Multivariate analysis showed thatgroup 4 recipients might experience inferior 5-year graft function (β = -11.8, P = 0.037) when compared with group1.CONCLUSIONIn LDKT, long-term patient and graft outcomes are comparable amongst different combinations of standard vs ECdonors and recipients. These findings show the primary potential of living donor ECD to ECR kidney transplantationwith satisfying outcomes.展开更多
Clinical translation of tissue-engineered advanced therapeutic medicinal products is hindered by a lack of patient-dependent and independent in-process biological quality controls that are reflective of in vivo outcom...Clinical translation of tissue-engineered advanced therapeutic medicinal products is hindered by a lack of patient-dependent and independent in-process biological quality controls that are reflective of in vivo outcomes.Recent insights into the mechanism of native bone repair highlight a robust path dependence.Organoid-based bottom-up developmental engineering mimics this pathdependence to design personalized living implants scaffold-free,with in-build outcome predictability.Yet,adequate(noninvasive)quality metrics of engineered tissues are lacking.Moreover,insufficient insight into the role of donor variability and biological sex as influencing factors for the mechanism toward bone repair hinders the implementation of such protocols for personalized bone implants.Here,male and female bone-forming organoids were compared to non-bone-forming organoids regarding their extracellular matrix composition,transcriptome,and secreted proteome signatures to directly link in vivo outcomes to quality metrics.As a result,donor variability in bone-forming callus organoids pointed towards two distinct pathways to bone,through either a hypertrophic cartilage or a fibrocartilaginous template.The followed pathway was determined early,as a biological sexdependent activation of distinct progenitor populations.Independent of donor or biological sex,a cartilage-to-bone transition was driven by a common panel of secreted factors that played a role in extracellular matrix remodeling,mineralization,and attraction of vasculature.Hence,the secreted proteome is a source of noninvasive biomarkers that report on biological potency and could be the missing link toward data-driven decision-making in organoid-based bone tissue engineering.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although the availability of related living donors(LDs)provides a better chance for receiving kidney transplantation(KT),the evaluation protocols for LD selection remain a safeguard for the LD’s safety.The...BACKGROUND Although the availability of related living donors(LDs)provides a better chance for receiving kidney transplantation(KT),the evaluation protocols for LD selection remain a safeguard for the LD’s safety.These protocols are variable from one center to another,resulting in variable rates of decline of the potential LDs(PLDs).The decline of willing PLDs may occur at any stage of evaluation,starting from the initial contact and counseling to the day of operation.AIM To identify the causes of the decline of PLDs,the predictors of PLD candidacy,and the effect on achieving LDKT.METHODS A retrospective study was performed on the willing PLDs who attended our outpatient clinic for kidney donation to their related potential recipients between October 2015 and December 2022.The variables influencing their candidacy rate and the fate of their potential recipients were studied.Two groups of PLDs were compared:Candidate PLDs after a completed evaluation vs non-candidate PLDs with a complete or incomplete evaluation.A multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the factors contributing to the achievement of PLD candidacy.RESULTS Of 321 willing PLDs,257 PLDs(80.1%)accessed the evaluation to variable extents for 212 potential recipients,with a mean age(range)of 40.5±10.4(18-65)years,including 169 females(65.8%).The remaining 64 PLDs(19.9%)did not access the evaluation.Only 58 PLDs(18.1%)succeeded in donating,but 199 PDLs(62.0%)were declined;exclusion occurred in 144 PLDs(56.0%)for immunological causes(37.5%),medical causes(54.9%),combined causes(9.7%),and financial causes(2.1%).Regression and release occurred in 55 PLDs(17.1%).The potential recipients with candidate PLDs were not significantly different from those with non-candidate PLDs,except in age(P=0.041),rates of completed evaluation,and exclusion of PLDs(P<0.001).There were no factors that independently influenced the rate of PLD candidacy.Most patients who failed to have KT after the decline of their PLDs remained on hemodialysis for 6 mo to 6 years.CONCLUSION The rate of decline of willing related PLDs was high due to medical or immunological contraindications,release,or regression of PLDs.It reduced the chances of high percentages of potential recipients in LDKT.展开更多
BACKGROUND The shortage of liver grafts and subsequent waitlist mortality led us to expand the donor pool using liver grafts from older donors.AIM To determine the incidence,outcomes,and risk factors for biliary compl...BACKGROUND The shortage of liver grafts and subsequent waitlist mortality led us to expand the donor pool using liver grafts from older donors.AIM To determine the incidence,outcomes,and risk factors for biliary complications(BC)in liver transplantation(LT)using liver grafts from donors aged>70 years.METHODS Between January 1994 and December 31,2019,297 LTs were performed using donors older than 70 years.After excluding 47 LT for several reasons,we divided 250 LTs into two groups,namely post-LT BC(n=21)and without BC(n=229).This retrospective case-control study compared both groups.RESULTS Choledocho-choledochostomy without T-tube was the most frequent technique(76.2%in the BC group vs 92.6%in the non-BC group).Twenty-one patients(8.4%)developed BC(13 anastomotic strictures,7 biliary leakages,and 1 nonanastomotic biliary stricture).Nine patients underwent percutaneous balloon dilation and nine required a Rouxen-Y hepaticojejunostomy because of dilation failure.The incidence of post-LT complications(graft dysfunction,rejection,renal failure,and non-BC reoperations)was similar in both groups.There were no significant differences in the patient and graft survival between the groups.Moreover,only three deaths were attributed to BC.While female donors were protective factors for BC,donor cardiac arrest was a risk factor.CONCLUSION The incidence of BC was relatively low on using liver grafts>70 years.It could be managed in most cases by percutaneous dilation or Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy,without significant differences in the patient or graft survival between the groups.展开更多
INIRODUCIIONA newly discovered DNA virus,transfusiontransmitted virus (TTV),was reported as a cause ofpost-transfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology inJapan.In order to investigate TTV prevalence insouthern China,a st...INIRODUCIIONA newly discovered DNA virus,transfusiontransmitted virus (TTV),was reported as a cause ofpost-transfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology inJapan.In order to investigate TTV prevalence insouthern China,a study was carried out amongblood donors,patients with liver diseases andhemodialysis to determine the epidemiologicalcharateristics.展开更多
Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for end stage liver disease, but availability of liver grafts is still the main limitation to its wider use. Extended criteria donors(ECD) are considered not ideal for ...Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for end stage liver disease, but availability of liver grafts is still the main limitation to its wider use. Extended criteria donors(ECD) are considered not ideal for several reasons but their use has dramatically grown in the last decades in order to augment the donor liver pool. Due to improvement in surgical and medical strategies, results using grafts from these donors have become acceptable in terms of survival and complications; nevertheless a big debate still exists regarding their selection, discharge criteria and allocation policies. Many studies analyzed the use of these grafts from many points of view producing different or contradictory results so that accepted guidelines do not exist and the use of these grafts is still related to non-standardized policies changing from center to center. The aim of this review is to analyze every step of the donationtransplantation process emphasizing all those strategies, both clinical and experimental, that can optimize results using ECD.展开更多
Screening tests for blood donations are based upon sensitivity, cost-effectiveness and their suitability for high-throughput testing. Enzyme immunoassay (EIAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies were the initial s...Screening tests for blood donations are based upon sensitivity, cost-effectiveness and their suitability for high-throughput testing. Enzyme immunoassay (EIAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies were the initial screening tests introduced. The ”first generation“ antibody EIAs detected seroconversion after unduly long infectious window period. Improved HCV antibody assays still had an infectious window period around 66 d. HCV core antigen EIAs shortened the window period considerably, but high costs did not lead to widespread acceptance. A fourth-generation HCV antigen and antibody assay (combination EIA) is more convenient as two infectious markers of HCV are detected in the same assay. Molecular testing for HCV-RNA utilizing nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) is the most sensitive assay and shortens the window period to only 4 d. Implementation of NAT in many developed countries around the world has resulted in dramatic reductions in transfusion transmissible HCV and relative risk is now < 1 per million donations. However, HCV serology still continues to be retained as some donations are serology positive but NAT negative. In resource constrained countries HCV screening is highly variable, depending upon infrastructure, trained manpower and financial resource. Rapid tests which do not require instrumentation and are simple to perform are used in many small and remotely located blood centres. The sensitivity as compared to EIAs is less and wherever feasible HCV antibody EIAs are most frequently used screening assays. Efforts have been made to implement combined antigen-antibody assays and even NAT in some of these countries.展开更多
AIM: To determine the frequencies of HGV and TTV infections in blood donors in Hangzhou. METHODS: RT-nested PCR for HGV RNA detection and semi-nested PCR for TTV DNA detection in the sera from 203 blood donors, and nu...AIM: To determine the frequencies of HGV and TTV infections in blood donors in Hangzhou. METHODS: RT-nested PCR for HGV RNA detection and semi-nested PCR for TTV DNA detection in the sera from 203 blood donors, and nucleotide sequence analysis were performed. RESULTS: Thirty-two (15.8%) and 30 (14.8%) of the 203 serum samples were positive for HGV RNA and TTV DNA, respectively. And 5 (2.5%) of the 203 serum samples were detectable for both HGV RNA and TTV DNA. Homology of the nucleotide sequences of HGV RT-nested PCR products and TTV semi-nested PCR products from 3 serum samples compared with the reported HGV and TTV sequences was 89.36%, 87.94%, 88.65% and 63.51%, 65.77% and 67.12%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The infection rates of HGV and/or TTV in blood donors are relatively high, and to establish HGV and TTV examinations to screen blood donors is needed for transfusion security. The genomic heterogeneity of TTV or HGV is present in the isolates from different areas.展开更多
AIM:To study the seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in healthy blood donors negative for HBsAg and to evaluate whether anti-HBc detection could be adopted in India as a screening assay f...AIM:To study the seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in healthy blood donors negative for HBsAg and to evaluate whether anti-HBc detection could be adopted in India as a screening assay for HBV in addition to HBsAg. METHODS: A total of 1700 serum samples collected from HBsAg-negative healthy blood donors were tested for the presence of anti-HBc antibody (IgM + IgG). All samples reactive for anti-HBc antibody were then investigated for presence of anti-HBs and for liver function tests (LFTs). One hundred serum samples reactive for anti-HBc were tested for HBV DNA by PCR method. RESULTS: Out of 1700 samples tested, 142 (8.4%) blood samples were found to be reactive for anti-HBc. It was signif icantly lower in voluntary (6.9%) as compared to replacement donors (10.4%, P = 0.011). Seventy- two (50.7%) anti-HBc reactive samples were also reactive for anti-HBs with levels > 10 mIU/mL and 70 (49.3%) samples were non-reactive for anti-HBs, these units were labeled as anti-HBc-only. These 142 anti-HBc reactive units were also tested for liver function test. HBV DNA was detected in only 1 of 100 samples tested. CONCLUSION: Keeping in view that 8%-18% of donor population in India is anti-HBc reactive, inclusion of anti- HBc testing will lead to high discard rate. Anti-HBs as proposed previously does not seem to predict clearance of the virus. Cost effectiveness of introducing universalanti-HBc screening and discarding large number of blood units versus considering ID NAT (Individual donor nuclic acid testing) needs to be assessed.展开更多
Objective China began providing antiretroviral therapy to people living with HIV/AIDS （PLWHA） in 2003. This study was to investigate the living conditions, including quality of life and happiness, and need for palli...Objective China began providing antiretroviral therapy to people living with HIV/AIDS （PLWHA） in 2003. This study was to investigate the living conditions, including quality of life and happiness, and need for palliative care of end-of-life PLWHA in rural Henan. Methods One hundred end-of-life AIDS patients were selected from Weishi, Zhenping and Tanghe counties in Henan, using convenience sampling. The World Health Organization Quality of Life for HIV （WHOQOL-HIV） BREF Chinese Version was used to measure the quality of life and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness （MUNSH） was employed to measure subjective welfare. Qualitative interviews and focus group discussions were undertaken to learn about the palliative care provided and the specific needs of the end-of-life patients. Results Patients’ overall quality of life was moderate （12.62±1.97）. Highest scores were in the spirituality/religion/personal beliefs, higher than the average scores in the Chinese population （P0.01）, while psychological （13.58±2.06） and environment （12.50±3.28） domain scores were similar to the latter （P0.05）. Both independence （12.15±2.15） and physiological （14.04±3.16） domain scores were lower than the average of the people living with HIV/AIDS in other studies （P0.01）; however, all were in the moderate range. The average MUNSH score was 21.00±6.20, which was also moderate. The in-depth interviews indicated that the Henan Provincial Government’s policy of treatment and care had a beneficial impact on end-of-life AIDS patients, although the care components could be improved. Conclusions Living conditions of the end-of-life AIDS patients were moderate, and the HIV/AIDS palliative care model used was beneficial to them. Care could be improved by assisting the family unit as a whole.展开更多
AIM: The healthy ranges for serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels are less well studied. The aim of this study was to define the upper limit of normal (ULN) for serum ALT levels, and to assess factors associated ...AIM: The healthy ranges for serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels are less well studied. The aim of this study was to define the upper limit of normal (ULN) for serum ALT levels, and to assess factors associated with serum ALT activity in apparently healthy blood donors. METHODS: A total of 1 939 blood donors were included.ALT measurements were performed for all cases using the same laboratory method. Healthy ranges for ALT levels werecomputed from the population at the lowest risk for liver disease. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate associations between clinical factors and ALT levels.RESULTS: Serum ALT activity was independently associated with body mass index (BMI) and male gender, but not associated with age. Association of ALT with BMI was more prominent in males than in females. Upper limit of normal for non-overweight women (BMI of less than 25) was 34 U/L,and for non-overweight men was 40 U/L.CONCLUSION: Serum ALT is strongly associated with sex and BMI. The normal range of ALT should be defined for male and female separately.展开更多
In this study,wide bandgap(WBG)two-dimensional(2D)copolymer donors(DZ1,DZ2,and DZ3)based on benzodithiophene(BDT)on alkoxyphenyl conjugated side chains without and with different amounts of chlorine atoms and difluoro...In this study,wide bandgap(WBG)two-dimensional(2D)copolymer donors(DZ1,DZ2,and DZ3)based on benzodithiophene(BDT)on alkoxyphenyl conjugated side chains without and with different amounts of chlorine atoms and difluorobenzotriazole(FBTZ)are designed and synthesized successfully for efficient non-fullerene polymer solar cells(PSCs).Three polymer donors DZ1,DZ2,and DZ3 display similar absorption spectra at 300-700 nm range with optional band-gap(Egopt)of 1.84,1.92,and 1.97 eV,respectively.Compared with reported DZ1 without chlorine substitution,it is found that introducing chlorine atoms into the meta-position of the alkoxyphenyl group affords polymer possessing a deeper the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)energy level,which can increase open circuit voltage(Voc)of PSCs,as well as improve hole mobility.Non-fullerene bulk heterojunction PSCs based on DZ2:MelC demonstrate a relatively high power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.22%with a Voc of 0.88 V,a short-circuit current density(Jsc)of 17.62 mA/cm^2,and a fill factor(FF)of 68%,compared with PSCs based on DZ1:MelC(a PCE of 8.26%)and DZ3:MelC(a PCE of 6.28%).The results imply that adjusting chlorine atom amount on alkoxyphenyl side chains based on BDT polymer donors is a promising approach of synthesizing electron-rich building block for high performance of PSCs.展开更多
AIM:To determine the prevalences of TTV and HGV infections among blood donors and patients with chronic liver disease in Korea,to investigate the association of TTV and HGV infections with blood transfusion,and to ass...AIM:To determine the prevalences of TTV and HGV infections among blood donors and patients with chronic liver disease in Korea,to investigate the association of TTV and HGV infections with blood transfusion,and to assess the correlation between TTV and HGV viremia and hepatic damage. METHODS:A total of 391 serum samples were examined in this study.Samples were obtained from healthy blood donors(n=110),hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)-positive donors(n=112),anti-hepatitis C virus(anti-HCV)-positive donors(n=69),patients with type B chronic liver disease (n=81),and patients with type C chronic liver disease(n=19). Trv DNA was detected using the hemi-nested PCR.HGV RNA was tested using RT-PCR.A history of blood transfusion and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were also determined. RESULTS:TTV DNA was detected in 8.2%of healthy blood donors,16.1%of HBsAg-positive donors,20.3%of anti- HCV-positive donors,21.0%of patients with type B chronic liver disease,and 21.1%of patients with type C chronic liver disease.HGV RNA was detected in 1.8%of healthy blood donors,1.8%of HBsAg-positive donors,17.4%of anti-HCV-positive donors,13.6%of patients with type B chronic liver disease,and 10.5%of patients with type C chronic liver disease.The prevalence of TTV and HGV infections in HBV- or HCV-positive donors and patients was significantly higher than in healthy blood donors(P<0.05), except for the detection rate of HGV in HBsAg-positive donors which was the same as for healthy donors.There was a history of transfusion in 66.7%of TTV DNA-positive patients and 76.9%of HGV RNA-positive patients(P<0.05).No significant increase in serum ALT and AST was detected in the TTV or HGV-positive donors and patients. CONCLUSION:TTV and HGV infections are more frequently found in donors and patients infected with HBV or HCV than in healthy blood donors.However,there is no significant association between TTV or HGV infections and liver injury.展开更多
The universality of improved CO2 fixing upon the addition of mixed electron donors（MEDs）composed of Na2 S,NO2-,and S2O32-to non-photosynthetic microbial communities（NPMCs）obtained from 12 locations in four oceans ...The universality of improved CO2 fixing upon the addition of mixed electron donors（MEDs）composed of Na2 S,NO2-,and S2O32-to non-photosynthetic microbial communities（NPMCs）obtained from 12 locations in four oceans of the world was validated. The CO2 fixing efficiencies of NPMCs were universally enhanced by MED compared with those obtained using H2 alone as electron donor,with average increase of about 276%. An increase in microbial inoculation concentration could increase the net amount of CO2 fixing to853.34 mg/L in the presence of MED. NO2-and S2O32-may play the roles of both electron acceptor and electron donor under aerobic conditions,which may improve the energy utilization efficiency of NPMC and enhance the CO2 fixation efficiency. The sequence determination of 16 S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid（rDNA） from 150 bacteria of NPMC showed that more than 50% of the bacteria were symbiotic and there were many heterotrophic bacteria such as Vibrio natriegens. These results indicate that NPMC acts as a symbiotic CO2 fixing system. The interaction between autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria may be a crucial factor supporting ladder utilization and recycling of energy/carbon source.展开更多
AIM To increase the number of available grafts.METHODS This is a single-center comparative analysis performed between April 1986 and May 2016. Two hundred and twelve liver transplantation(LT) were performed with dono...AIM To increase the number of available grafts.METHODS This is a single-center comparative analysis performed between April 1986 and May 2016. Two hundred and twelve liver transplantation(LT) were performed with donors ≥ 70 years old(study group). Then, we selected the first cases that were performed with donors < 70 years old immediately after the ones that were performed with donors ≥ 70 years old(control group).RESULTS Graft and patient survivals were similar between both groups without increasing the risk of complications, especially primary non-function, vascular complications and biliary complications. We identified 5 risk factors as independent predictors of graft survival: recipient hepatitis C virus(HCV)-positivity [hazard ratio(HR) = 2.35; 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.55-3.56; P = 0.00]; recipient age(HR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02-1.06; P = 0.00); donor age X model for end-stage liver disease(D-MELD)(HR = 1.00; 95%CI: 1.00-1.00; P = 0.00); donor value of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(HR = 1.00; 95%CI: 1.00-1.00; P = 0.00); and donor value of serum sodium(HR = 0.96; 95%CI: 0.94-0.99; P = 0.00). After combining D-MELD and recipient age we obtained a new scoring system that we called DR-MELD(donor age X recipient age X MELD). Graft survival significantly decreased in patients with a DR-MELD score ≥ 75000, especially in HCV patients(77% vs 63% at 5 years in HCV-negative patients, P = 0.00; and 61% vs 25% at 5 years in HCV-positive patients; P = 0.00). CONCLUSION A DR-MELD ≥ 75000 must be avoided in order to obtain the best results in LT with donors ≥ 70 years old.展开更多
AIM: To define the normal range of liver stiffness(LS) values using transient elastography in living-related liver transplantation candidate donors with normal liver histology. METHODS: LS was measured using Fibroscan...AIM: To define the normal range of liver stiffness(LS) values using transient elastography in living-related liver transplantation candidate donors with normal liver histology. METHODS: LS was measured using Fibroscan in 50(16 women, 34 men) healthy potential donors(mean age 28.4 ± 5.9 years) who were being evaluated for liver donation for their relatives at the National Liver Institute, Menoufeya University, Egypt. All potential donors had normal liver tests and were negative for hepatitis B or C virus infection. Abdominal ultrasounds showed normal findings. None of the subjects had diabetes, hypertension, renal impairment, heart disease, or body mass index > 30 kg/m2. All subjects had normal liver histology upon liver biopsy. They all donated the right lobe of their liver with successful outcomes.RESULTS: The mean LS was 4.3 ± 1.2 k Pa(range: 1.8-7.1 k Pa). The 5th and 95 th percentiles of normal LS were 2.6 k Pa and 6.8 k Pa, respectively, with a median of 4 k Pa; the interquartile range was 0.6 ± 0.4. LS measurements were not significantly different between men and women(4.4 ± 1.1 k Pa vs 3.9 ± 1.3 k Pa) and did not correlate with age. However, stiffness values were significantly lower in subjects with a body mass index < 26 kg/m2 compared to those with an index ≥ 26 kg/m2(4.0 ± 1.1 k Pa vs 4.6 ± 1.2 k Pa; P <0.05). There were no differences in hospital stay or postoperative bilirubin, albumin,alanine and aspartate transaminases, or creatinine levels(at discharge) between donors with livers stiffness ≤ 4 k Pa and those with stiffness > 4 k Pa. CONCLUSION: Healthy donors with normal liver histology have a median LS of 4 k Pa. Stiffness values are elevated relative to increase in body mass index.展开更多
文摘The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of viral hepatitis B and C and co-infection with HIV among volunteer blood donors at the blood sampling and distribution depot (BSDD) in Ouahigouya. Patients and methods: Our study population consisted of all volunteer blood donors who had donated during a 2-year period from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020. Samples were taken from patients with no contraindications and serological tests were performed using ELISA tests. HBsAg, HCV-Ac and HIV serology were tested. All samples reactive for HIV, HBV and HCV were retested for confirmation using a second enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A result was considered positive if both the first and second tests were positive. Results: In two years, the Ouahigouya BSDD recorded 9726 donations, including 7983 new donors and 1743 former donors. The average age of donors was 25.59 years, with a sex ratio of 3.4. The seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV was 7.31%, 3.10% and 2.12% respectively. HBV-HCV co-infection was found in 0.32% of cases, HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV, and HIV-HBV-HCV co-infection were found in 0.25%, 0.09% and 0.04% respectively. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of viral hepatitis B and C remains high among volunteer blood donors in Ouahigouya, although a decline in seroprevalence appears to be on the horizon.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21672147)Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine for financial support。
文摘Glycosyl imidates are among the pioneering donors for catalytic glycosylation.We report a new generation of imidates featuring the presence of a pentafluorophenyl group,introduced via substitution on imidoyl fluoride which is easily prepared,stable and user-friendly.The resulting donors exhibit exceptional shelf stability while can be readily activated to achieve high-yielding glycosylation,encompassing comprehensively aldosyl,ketosyl and ulosonyl donors,and both O-and N-glycosylation acceptors.Notably,the reactivity gradient across different generations of imidates,coupled with the accessible imidate acceptor from selective reaction of imidoyl fluoride at the anomeric hydroxyl group,enables a fully catalytic one-pot synthesis of oligosaccharides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant Nos.12393831 and 12088101).
文摘Control of hyperfine interaction strength of shallow donors in Si is one of the central issues in realizing Kane quantum computers.First-principles calculations on the hyperfine Stark shift of shallow donors are challenging since large supercells are needed to accommodate the delocalized donor wave functions.In this work,we investigated the hyperfine Stark shift and its strain tunability for shallow donors P and As in Si using the potential patching method based on first-principles density functional theory calculations.The good agreement between our calculations and experimental results confirms that the potential patching method is a feasible and accurate first-principles approach for studying wave-function-related properties of shallow impurities,such as the Stark shift parameter.It is further shown that the application of strain expands the range of hyperfine Stark shift and helps improve the response of shallow donor based qubit gates.The results could be useful for developing quantum computing architectures based on shallow donors in Si.
基金Supported by The Jewel and Frank Benson Family Endowment.
文摘BACKGROUND The utilization of hearts from older donors has increased,particularly for older recipients.However,the impact of older donor hearts on recipients of different ages is less known.AIM To determine the impact of older donor hearts on post-transplant outcomes across different recipient age groups.METHODS The Organ Procurement and Transplant Network database was queried from 2006 to March 2024.Four groups were created stratifying by donor age(>55 years)and recipient age(>60 years).Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used.RESULTS One thousand fifty out of 39868 transplants(2.6%)were performed utilizing hearts from older donors.The rate of older donor hearts in younger recipients was only 1.8%,while the older donor hearts were used 4.0%in older recipients(P<0.001).Old donor/old recipient and young donor/old recipient combinations were associated with post-transplant mortality[hazard ratio(HR):1.64(95%CI:1.42-1.90)and 1.42(95%CI:1.34-1.51)],while old donor/young recipient was not.Within each recipient age group,the older recipient groups showed greater differences in 1-and 5-year survival probabilities(80.4%and 67.4%with old donors,89.2%and 76.8%with young donors)than younger recipient groups(90.3%and 77.5%with old donors,92.2%and 80.3%with young donors).CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the higher utilization of older donor hearts(aged more than 55)in older recipients.Paradoxically,the combination of older donor hearts with older recipients is associated with a higher risk of mortality.However,these organs remain valuable options across all recipient age groups in current context of organ shortage.
文摘BACKGROUNDLiving donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is considered the gold standard fortreating end-stage kidney disease. Previous studies have highlighted the impact ofdonor and recipient demographics in influencing post-transplant outcomes. Webelieve that patient and graft outcomes in a tertiary university hospital setting willhave no difference between pairs of standard criteria vs pairs of extended criteria(EC) donors and recipients in LDKT.AIMTo investigate the outcomes of allocating EC donation (ECD) kidneys to ECrecipients (ECR) in LDKT and compare them to standard and mixed standard andEC pair counterparts.METHODSWe collected data from adult LDKTs conducted between April 2017 and April2022. Donor-recipient pairs were grouped based on criteria as follows: (1) Group1: Standard criteria donor (SCD) to standard criteria recipient (SCR);(2) Group 2:SCD to ECR;(3) Group 3: ECD to SCR;and (4) Group 4: ECD to ECR.RESULTSA total of 149 living donor transplants were analysed over a 5-year period. Graftsurvival, patient survival, and graft function were similar across all four groups.The incidence of common postoperative complications was as follows: (1) Perioperative bleeding (5.6%);(2) Surgical site infection (6.8%);and (3) Incisional hernia (7.4%). No statistically significantdifferences were found in patient or graft outcomes amongst the four groups. Multivariate analysis showed thatgroup 4 recipients might experience inferior 5-year graft function (β = -11.8, P = 0.037) when compared with group1.CONCLUSIONIn LDKT, long-term patient and graft outcomes are comparable amongst different combinations of standard vs ECdonors and recipients. These findings show the primary potential of living donor ECD to ECR kidney transplantationwith satisfying outcomes.
基金financed by the Hercules Foundation(project AKUL/13/47)funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 874837+2 种基金supported by the Flemish Government(department of Economy,Science and Innovation)through the Regenerative Medicine Crossing Borders(http://www.regmedxb.com)initiativeImages were recorded on a Zeiss LSM 780-SP Mai Tai HP DS(Cell and Tissue Imaging Cluster(CIC),Supported by Hercules AKUL/11/37 and FWO G.0929.15 to Pieter Vanden Berghe,University of Leuvensupported by Interne Fondsen KU Leuven/Internal Funds KU Leuven grant numbers C24M/22/058.
文摘Clinical translation of tissue-engineered advanced therapeutic medicinal products is hindered by a lack of patient-dependent and independent in-process biological quality controls that are reflective of in vivo outcomes.Recent insights into the mechanism of native bone repair highlight a robust path dependence.Organoid-based bottom-up developmental engineering mimics this pathdependence to design personalized living implants scaffold-free,with in-build outcome predictability.Yet,adequate(noninvasive)quality metrics of engineered tissues are lacking.Moreover,insufficient insight into the role of donor variability and biological sex as influencing factors for the mechanism toward bone repair hinders the implementation of such protocols for personalized bone implants.Here,male and female bone-forming organoids were compared to non-bone-forming organoids regarding their extracellular matrix composition,transcriptome,and secreted proteome signatures to directly link in vivo outcomes to quality metrics.As a result,donor variability in bone-forming callus organoids pointed towards two distinct pathways to bone,through either a hypertrophic cartilage or a fibrocartilaginous template.The followed pathway was determined early,as a biological sexdependent activation of distinct progenitor populations.Independent of donor or biological sex,a cartilage-to-bone transition was driven by a common panel of secreted factors that played a role in extracellular matrix remodeling,mineralization,and attraction of vasculature.Hence,the secreted proteome is a source of noninvasive biomarkers that report on biological potency and could be the missing link toward data-driven decision-making in organoid-based bone tissue engineering.
文摘BACKGROUND Although the availability of related living donors(LDs)provides a better chance for receiving kidney transplantation(KT),the evaluation protocols for LD selection remain a safeguard for the LD’s safety.These protocols are variable from one center to another,resulting in variable rates of decline of the potential LDs(PLDs).The decline of willing PLDs may occur at any stage of evaluation,starting from the initial contact and counseling to the day of operation.AIM To identify the causes of the decline of PLDs,the predictors of PLD candidacy,and the effect on achieving LDKT.METHODS A retrospective study was performed on the willing PLDs who attended our outpatient clinic for kidney donation to their related potential recipients between October 2015 and December 2022.The variables influencing their candidacy rate and the fate of their potential recipients were studied.Two groups of PLDs were compared:Candidate PLDs after a completed evaluation vs non-candidate PLDs with a complete or incomplete evaluation.A multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the factors contributing to the achievement of PLD candidacy.RESULTS Of 321 willing PLDs,257 PLDs(80.1%)accessed the evaluation to variable extents for 212 potential recipients,with a mean age(range)of 40.5±10.4(18-65)years,including 169 females(65.8%).The remaining 64 PLDs(19.9%)did not access the evaluation.Only 58 PLDs(18.1%)succeeded in donating,but 199 PDLs(62.0%)were declined;exclusion occurred in 144 PLDs(56.0%)for immunological causes(37.5%),medical causes(54.9%),combined causes(9.7%),and financial causes(2.1%).Regression and release occurred in 55 PLDs(17.1%).The potential recipients with candidate PLDs were not significantly different from those with non-candidate PLDs,except in age(P=0.041),rates of completed evaluation,and exclusion of PLDs(P<0.001).There were no factors that independently influenced the rate of PLD candidacy.Most patients who failed to have KT after the decline of their PLDs remained on hemodialysis for 6 mo to 6 years.CONCLUSION The rate of decline of willing related PLDs was high due to medical or immunological contraindications,release,or regression of PLDs.It reduced the chances of high percentages of potential recipients in LDKT.
文摘BACKGROUND The shortage of liver grafts and subsequent waitlist mortality led us to expand the donor pool using liver grafts from older donors.AIM To determine the incidence,outcomes,and risk factors for biliary complications(BC)in liver transplantation(LT)using liver grafts from donors aged>70 years.METHODS Between January 1994 and December 31,2019,297 LTs were performed using donors older than 70 years.After excluding 47 LT for several reasons,we divided 250 LTs into two groups,namely post-LT BC(n=21)and without BC(n=229).This retrospective case-control study compared both groups.RESULTS Choledocho-choledochostomy without T-tube was the most frequent technique(76.2%in the BC group vs 92.6%in the non-BC group).Twenty-one patients(8.4%)developed BC(13 anastomotic strictures,7 biliary leakages,and 1 nonanastomotic biliary stricture).Nine patients underwent percutaneous balloon dilation and nine required a Rouxen-Y hepaticojejunostomy because of dilation failure.The incidence of post-LT complications(graft dysfunction,rejection,renal failure,and non-BC reoperations)was similar in both groups.There were no significant differences in the patient and graft survival between the groups.Moreover,only three deaths were attributed to BC.While female donors were protective factors for BC,donor cardiac arrest was a risk factor.CONCLUSION The incidence of BC was relatively low on using liver grafts>70 years.It could be managed in most cases by percutaneous dilation or Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy,without significant differences in the patient or graft survival between the groups.
文摘INIRODUCIIONA newly discovered DNA virus,transfusiontransmitted virus (TTV),was reported as a cause ofpost-transfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology inJapan.In order to investigate TTV prevalence insouthern China,a study was carried out amongblood donors,patients with liver diseases andhemodialysis to determine the epidemiologicalcharateristics.
文摘Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for end stage liver disease, but availability of liver grafts is still the main limitation to its wider use. Extended criteria donors(ECD) are considered not ideal for several reasons but their use has dramatically grown in the last decades in order to augment the donor liver pool. Due to improvement in surgical and medical strategies, results using grafts from these donors have become acceptable in terms of survival and complications; nevertheless a big debate still exists regarding their selection, discharge criteria and allocation policies. Many studies analyzed the use of these grafts from many points of view producing different or contradictory results so that accepted guidelines do not exist and the use of these grafts is still related to non-standardized policies changing from center to center. The aim of this review is to analyze every step of the donationtransplantation process emphasizing all those strategies, both clinical and experimental, that can optimize results using ECD.
文摘Screening tests for blood donations are based upon sensitivity, cost-effectiveness and their suitability for high-throughput testing. Enzyme immunoassay (EIAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies were the initial screening tests introduced. The ”first generation“ antibody EIAs detected seroconversion after unduly long infectious window period. Improved HCV antibody assays still had an infectious window period around 66 d. HCV core antigen EIAs shortened the window period considerably, but high costs did not lead to widespread acceptance. A fourth-generation HCV antigen and antibody assay (combination EIA) is more convenient as two infectious markers of HCV are detected in the same assay. Molecular testing for HCV-RNA utilizing nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) is the most sensitive assay and shortens the window period to only 4 d. Implementation of NAT in many developed countries around the world has resulted in dramatic reductions in transfusion transmissible HCV and relative risk is now < 1 per million donations. However, HCV serology still continues to be retained as some donations are serology positive but NAT negative. In resource constrained countries HCV screening is highly variable, depending upon infrastructure, trained manpower and financial resource. Rapid tests which do not require instrumentation and are simple to perform are used in many small and remotely located blood centres. The sensitivity as compared to EIAs is less and wherever feasible HCV antibody EIAs are most frequently used screening assays. Efforts have been made to implement combined antigen-antibody assays and even NAT in some of these countries.
文摘AIM: To determine the frequencies of HGV and TTV infections in blood donors in Hangzhou. METHODS: RT-nested PCR for HGV RNA detection and semi-nested PCR for TTV DNA detection in the sera from 203 blood donors, and nucleotide sequence analysis were performed. RESULTS: Thirty-two (15.8%) and 30 (14.8%) of the 203 serum samples were positive for HGV RNA and TTV DNA, respectively. And 5 (2.5%) of the 203 serum samples were detectable for both HGV RNA and TTV DNA. Homology of the nucleotide sequences of HGV RT-nested PCR products and TTV semi-nested PCR products from 3 serum samples compared with the reported HGV and TTV sequences was 89.36%, 87.94%, 88.65% and 63.51%, 65.77% and 67.12%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The infection rates of HGV and/or TTV in blood donors are relatively high, and to establish HGV and TTV examinations to screen blood donors is needed for transfusion security. The genomic heterogeneity of TTV or HGV is present in the isolates from different areas.
文摘AIM:To study the seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in healthy blood donors negative for HBsAg and to evaluate whether anti-HBc detection could be adopted in India as a screening assay for HBV in addition to HBsAg. METHODS: A total of 1700 serum samples collected from HBsAg-negative healthy blood donors were tested for the presence of anti-HBc antibody (IgM + IgG). All samples reactive for anti-HBc antibody were then investigated for presence of anti-HBs and for liver function tests (LFTs). One hundred serum samples reactive for anti-HBc were tested for HBV DNA by PCR method. RESULTS: Out of 1700 samples tested, 142 (8.4%) blood samples were found to be reactive for anti-HBc. It was signif icantly lower in voluntary (6.9%) as compared to replacement donors (10.4%, P = 0.011). Seventy- two (50.7%) anti-HBc reactive samples were also reactive for anti-HBs with levels > 10 mIU/mL and 70 (49.3%) samples were non-reactive for anti-HBs, these units were labeled as anti-HBc-only. These 142 anti-HBc reactive units were also tested for liver function test. HBV DNA was detected in only 1 of 100 samples tested. CONCLUSION: Keeping in view that 8%-18% of donor population in India is anti-HBc reactive, inclusion of anti- HBc testing will lead to high discard rate. Anti-HBs as proposed previously does not seem to predict clearance of the virus. Cost effectiveness of introducing universalanti-HBc screening and discarding large number of blood units versus considering ID NAT (Individual donor nuclic acid testing) needs to be assessed.
基金supported by the China Global Fund Round 3 and the China Multidisciplinary AIDS Prevention Training Program with NIH Research Grant #U2R TW06918-01funded by the Fogarty International Centre,the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute of Mental Health (China ICOHRTA, with Principal Investigator being Zun-You WU)
文摘Objective China began providing antiretroviral therapy to people living with HIV/AIDS （PLWHA） in 2003. This study was to investigate the living conditions, including quality of life and happiness, and need for palliative care of end-of-life PLWHA in rural Henan. Methods One hundred end-of-life AIDS patients were selected from Weishi, Zhenping and Tanghe counties in Henan, using convenience sampling. The World Health Organization Quality of Life for HIV （WHOQOL-HIV） BREF Chinese Version was used to measure the quality of life and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness （MUNSH） was employed to measure subjective welfare. Qualitative interviews and focus group discussions were undertaken to learn about the palliative care provided and the specific needs of the end-of-life patients. Results Patients’ overall quality of life was moderate （12.62±1.97）. Highest scores were in the spirituality/religion/personal beliefs, higher than the average scores in the Chinese population （P0.01）, while psychological （13.58±2.06） and environment （12.50±3.28） domain scores were similar to the latter （P0.05）. Both independence （12.15±2.15） and physiological （14.04±3.16） domain scores were lower than the average of the people living with HIV/AIDS in other studies （P0.01）; however, all were in the moderate range. The average MUNSH score was 21.00±6.20, which was also moderate. The in-depth interviews indicated that the Henan Provincial Government’s policy of treatment and care had a beneficial impact on end-of-life AIDS patients, although the care components could be improved. Conclusions Living conditions of the end-of-life AIDS patients were moderate, and the HIV/AIDS palliative care model used was beneficial to them. Care could be improved by assisting the family unit as a whole.
文摘AIM: The healthy ranges for serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels are less well studied. The aim of this study was to define the upper limit of normal (ULN) for serum ALT levels, and to assess factors associated with serum ALT activity in apparently healthy blood donors. METHODS: A total of 1 939 blood donors were included.ALT measurements were performed for all cases using the same laboratory method. Healthy ranges for ALT levels werecomputed from the population at the lowest risk for liver disease. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate associations between clinical factors and ALT levels.RESULTS: Serum ALT activity was independently associated with body mass index (BMI) and male gender, but not associated with age. Association of ALT with BMI was more prominent in males than in females. Upper limit of normal for non-overweight women (BMI of less than 25) was 34 U/L,and for non-overweight men was 40 U/L.CONCLUSION: Serum ALT is strongly associated with sex and BMI. The normal range of ALT should be defined for male and female separately.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51763017,21602150,51425304,51863012,21861025,51833004)the Shen Zhen Technology and Innovation Commission(Nos.JCYJ20170413173814007,JCYJ20170818113905024)+4 种基金the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(Research Impact Fund R6021-18,Nos.16305915,16322416,606012,16303917)Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission for the support through projects ITC-CNERC14SC01 and ITS/471/18,the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP)(No.2018R1A2A1A05077194)Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center(WMCNo.2016R1A5A1009926)funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant by the Korean Government(MSIT)the Research Project Funded by Ulsan City(No.1.200042)of UNIST(Ulsan National Institute of Science&Technology).
文摘In this study,wide bandgap(WBG)two-dimensional(2D)copolymer donors(DZ1,DZ2,and DZ3)based on benzodithiophene(BDT)on alkoxyphenyl conjugated side chains without and with different amounts of chlorine atoms and difluorobenzotriazole(FBTZ)are designed and synthesized successfully for efficient non-fullerene polymer solar cells(PSCs).Three polymer donors DZ1,DZ2,and DZ3 display similar absorption spectra at 300-700 nm range with optional band-gap(Egopt)of 1.84,1.92,and 1.97 eV,respectively.Compared with reported DZ1 without chlorine substitution,it is found that introducing chlorine atoms into the meta-position of the alkoxyphenyl group affords polymer possessing a deeper the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)energy level,which can increase open circuit voltage(Voc)of PSCs,as well as improve hole mobility.Non-fullerene bulk heterojunction PSCs based on DZ2:MelC demonstrate a relatively high power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.22%with a Voc of 0.88 V,a short-circuit current density(Jsc)of 17.62 mA/cm^2,and a fill factor(FF)of 68%,compared with PSCs based on DZ1:MelC(a PCE of 8.26%)and DZ3:MelC(a PCE of 6.28%).The results imply that adjusting chlorine atom amount on alkoxyphenyl side chains based on BDT polymer donors is a promising approach of synthesizing electron-rich building block for high performance of PSCs.
文摘AIM:To determine the prevalences of TTV and HGV infections among blood donors and patients with chronic liver disease in Korea,to investigate the association of TTV and HGV infections with blood transfusion,and to assess the correlation between TTV and HGV viremia and hepatic damage. METHODS:A total of 391 serum samples were examined in this study.Samples were obtained from healthy blood donors(n=110),hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)-positive donors(n=112),anti-hepatitis C virus(anti-HCV)-positive donors(n=69),patients with type B chronic liver disease (n=81),and patients with type C chronic liver disease(n=19). Trv DNA was detected using the hemi-nested PCR.HGV RNA was tested using RT-PCR.A history of blood transfusion and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were also determined. RESULTS:TTV DNA was detected in 8.2%of healthy blood donors,16.1%of HBsAg-positive donors,20.3%of anti- HCV-positive donors,21.0%of patients with type B chronic liver disease,and 21.1%of patients with type C chronic liver disease.HGV RNA was detected in 1.8%of healthy blood donors,1.8%of HBsAg-positive donors,17.4%of anti-HCV-positive donors,13.6%of patients with type B chronic liver disease,and 10.5%of patients with type C chronic liver disease.The prevalence of TTV and HGV infections in HBV- or HCV-positive donors and patients was significantly higher than in healthy blood donors(P<0.05), except for the detection rate of HGV in HBsAg-positive donors which was the same as for healthy donors.There was a history of transfusion in 66.7%of TTV DNA-positive patients and 76.9%of HGV RNA-positive patients(P<0.05).No significant increase in serum ALT and AST was detected in the TTV or HGV-positive donors and patients. CONCLUSION:TTV and HGV infections are more frequently found in donors and patients infected with HBV or HCV than in healthy blood donors.However,there is no significant association between TTV or HGV infections and liver injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21177093,21307093)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2012AA050101)+3 种基金the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No.20130072110025)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos.2013M531220,121656)the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation (No.PCRRY12002)the Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality
文摘The universality of improved CO2 fixing upon the addition of mixed electron donors（MEDs）composed of Na2 S,NO2-,and S2O32-to non-photosynthetic microbial communities（NPMCs）obtained from 12 locations in four oceans of the world was validated. The CO2 fixing efficiencies of NPMCs were universally enhanced by MED compared with those obtained using H2 alone as electron donor,with average increase of about 276%. An increase in microbial inoculation concentration could increase the net amount of CO2 fixing to853.34 mg/L in the presence of MED. NO2-and S2O32-may play the roles of both electron acceptor and electron donor under aerobic conditions,which may improve the energy utilization efficiency of NPMC and enhance the CO2 fixation efficiency. The sequence determination of 16 S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid（rDNA） from 150 bacteria of NPMC showed that more than 50% of the bacteria were symbiotic and there were many heterotrophic bacteria such as Vibrio natriegens. These results indicate that NPMC acts as a symbiotic CO2 fixing system. The interaction between autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria may be a crucial factor supporting ladder utilization and recycling of energy/carbon source.
文摘AIM To increase the number of available grafts.METHODS This is a single-center comparative analysis performed between April 1986 and May 2016. Two hundred and twelve liver transplantation(LT) were performed with donors ≥ 70 years old(study group). Then, we selected the first cases that were performed with donors < 70 years old immediately after the ones that were performed with donors ≥ 70 years old(control group).RESULTS Graft and patient survivals were similar between both groups without increasing the risk of complications, especially primary non-function, vascular complications and biliary complications. We identified 5 risk factors as independent predictors of graft survival: recipient hepatitis C virus(HCV)-positivity [hazard ratio(HR) = 2.35; 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.55-3.56; P = 0.00]; recipient age(HR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02-1.06; P = 0.00); donor age X model for end-stage liver disease(D-MELD)(HR = 1.00; 95%CI: 1.00-1.00; P = 0.00); donor value of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(HR = 1.00; 95%CI: 1.00-1.00; P = 0.00); and donor value of serum sodium(HR = 0.96; 95%CI: 0.94-0.99; P = 0.00). After combining D-MELD and recipient age we obtained a new scoring system that we called DR-MELD(donor age X recipient age X MELD). Graft survival significantly decreased in patients with a DR-MELD score ≥ 75000, especially in HCV patients(77% vs 63% at 5 years in HCV-negative patients, P = 0.00; and 61% vs 25% at 5 years in HCV-positive patients; P = 0.00). CONCLUSION A DR-MELD ≥ 75000 must be avoided in order to obtain the best results in LT with donors ≥ 70 years old.
文摘AIM: To define the normal range of liver stiffness(LS) values using transient elastography in living-related liver transplantation candidate donors with normal liver histology. METHODS: LS was measured using Fibroscan in 50(16 women, 34 men) healthy potential donors(mean age 28.4 ± 5.9 years) who were being evaluated for liver donation for their relatives at the National Liver Institute, Menoufeya University, Egypt. All potential donors had normal liver tests and were negative for hepatitis B or C virus infection. Abdominal ultrasounds showed normal findings. None of the subjects had diabetes, hypertension, renal impairment, heart disease, or body mass index > 30 kg/m2. All subjects had normal liver histology upon liver biopsy. They all donated the right lobe of their liver with successful outcomes.RESULTS: The mean LS was 4.3 ± 1.2 k Pa(range: 1.8-7.1 k Pa). The 5th and 95 th percentiles of normal LS were 2.6 k Pa and 6.8 k Pa, respectively, with a median of 4 k Pa; the interquartile range was 0.6 ± 0.4. LS measurements were not significantly different between men and women(4.4 ± 1.1 k Pa vs 3.9 ± 1.3 k Pa) and did not correlate with age. However, stiffness values were significantly lower in subjects with a body mass index < 26 kg/m2 compared to those with an index ≥ 26 kg/m2(4.0 ± 1.1 k Pa vs 4.6 ± 1.2 k Pa; P <0.05). There were no differences in hospital stay or postoperative bilirubin, albumin,alanine and aspartate transaminases, or creatinine levels(at discharge) between donors with livers stiffness ≤ 4 k Pa and those with stiffness > 4 k Pa. CONCLUSION: Healthy donors with normal liver histology have a median LS of 4 k Pa. Stiffness values are elevated relative to increase in body mass index.
