Given that dolomite is prone to strength degradation and susceptible to water-sand ingress under physicochemical actions,this study aims to investigate these phenomena,along with the sanding mechanism in the Xiaopu Tu...Given that dolomite is prone to strength degradation and susceptible to water-sand ingress under physicochemical actions,this study aims to investigate these phenomena,along with the sanding mechanism in the Xiaopu Tunnel of the Yunnan Dianzhong Water Diversion Project,using a combined experimental and modeling approach for systematic analysis.Triaxial cyclic loading-unloading tests were first conducted on dolomite samples soaked in sulfuric acid solutions of varying concentrations,with synchronous monitoring of their mechanical responses(e.g.,peak strength,deformation modulus,porosity changes).These tests,combined with observations of macroscopic morphology and mass changes during soaking,revealed a four-stage degradation pattern of dolomite in sulfuric acid:water absorption,dynamic equilibrium,dissolution,and stabilization.Key quantitative relationships established that as sulfuric acid concentration increased(from 0%to 15%),the peak strength of dolomite decreased significantly(by 7.49%to 24.99%),while porosity markedly increased(by 45%to 130%).Further post-failure analysis(fracture surface observation)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)micro-characterization uncovered the intrinsic mechanisms of acid-induced damage:the acid solution not only promoted macroscopic crack propagation and increased fracture surface roughness but also triggered severe structural deterioration at the microscale,including enlarged crystal spacing,dissolution of gel-like substances,formation of intra-crystalline pores,weakened interparticle cementation,and development of macropores.The extent of this deterioration was positively correlated with acid concentration.Based on the experimentally revealed chemo-mechanical coupling damage mechanism between acid and rock,this study established,for the first time,a multi-scale predictive model capable of quantitatively correlating acid concentration,microstructural deterioration,and degradation of macroscopic mechanical properties.The development of this model not only deepens the quantitative understanding of the dolomite sanding mechanism but also provides a crucial theoretical tool for assessing surrounding rock stability and predicting risks in similar water diversion tunnel engineering.Addressing the specific risks of water and H^(+) erosion in the Xiaopu Tunnel,the research findings directly informed the engineering reinforcement strategy:concrete lining is recommended as the primary load-bearing structure,supplemented by surrounding rock surface protection measures,to effectively mitigate the acid-induced damage process and enhance the long-term stability of the surrounding rock.展开更多
Surface pretreatment can change the surface properties of minerals,placing them in either a favorable or an unfavorable state for flotation.To solve the separation problem associated with magnesite and dolomite,surfac...Surface pretreatment can change the surface properties of minerals,placing them in either a favorable or an unfavorable state for flotation.To solve the separation problem associated with magnesite and dolomite,surface pretreatment experiments with citric acid,tartaric acid,and tannic acid(TA)on magnesite and dolomite as well as flotation experiments on pretreated samples were performed in this study.Experimental results demonstrated that when citric acid and tartaric acid are used for surface pretreatment,the separation effect of magnesite and dolomite is poor.However,when TA is used,the separation effect of magnesite and dolomite improves.SEM and BET analysis indicated that surface pretreatment with TA changes the surface morphology of the two minerals,resulting in additional concave pores on the dolomite surface,and a significant increase in pore size and specific surface area.The adsorption quantity test and contact angle measurement demonstrated that after surface pretreatment with TA,the magnesite adsorption capacity on sodium oleate(NaOL)slightly decreases and the dolomite adsorption capacity on NaOL considerably decreases.XPS detection concluded that the surface pretreatment of TA on the magnesite surface mainly relies on physical adsorption with weak adsorption ability and poor ability to act on Mg sites.The TA surface pretreatment action on the dolomite surface is mainly through chemical adsorption,and it is strongly and selectively adsorbed on the Ca site of dolomite through O.Actual ore rough selection experiments reveal that TA pretreatment successfully removes dolomite from magnesite,resulting in a high-quality magnesite concentrate characterized by a MgO grade of 45.49%and a CaO grade of 0.75%.展开更多
To investigate the effects of water and cyclic loading on dolomite’s mechanical properties during deep mining,mechanical experiments on non-pressure water absorption and cyclic loading were conducted.The findings rev...To investigate the effects of water and cyclic loading on dolomite’s mechanical properties during deep mining,mechanical experiments on non-pressure water absorption and cyclic loading were conducted.The findings reveal that the elastic modulus and Poisson ratio of dolomite fluctuate with increasing water content.The mass of water absorption is positively correlated with time and the water absorption stage can be divided into three stages:accelerated,decelerated,and stabilized stages.During this process,the number of pores in dolomite increases,while the pore diameter initially decreases and then fluctuates.Microscopic analysis shows that the proportion of mesopores first increases and then decreases,while micropores exhibit the opposite trend,and the proportion of macropores fluctuates around 0%.A model diagram of structural evolution during water absorption has been developed.Additionally,the softening process of dolomite’s water absorption strength is categorized into three stages:a relatively stable stage,an accelerated softening stage dominated by mesopore water absorption,and a decelerated softening stage characterized by micropore water absorption.A uniaxial damage constitutive model for dolomite under water influence was established based on the Weibull distribution and Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion,and experimental validation indicates its strong applicability.展开更多
The widespread dolomite of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin(China)serves as one of the most important oil and gas reservoir rocks of the basin.Well WT1,as an exploration well,is recently drilled in t...The widespread dolomite of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin(China)serves as one of the most important oil and gas reservoir rocks of the basin.Well WT1,as an exploration well,is recently drilled in the Kaijiang County,northeastern Sichuan Basin(SW China),and it drills through the Dengying Formation dolomite at the depth interval of 7500–7580 m.In this study,samples are systematically collected from the cores of that interval,followed by new analyses of carbon-oxygen isotope,major elements,trace elements,rare earth elements(REEs)and EP-MA.The Dengying Formation dolomites of Well WT1 haveδ13C values of 0.37‰to 2.91‰andδ18O values of-5.72‰to-2.73‰,indicating that the dolomitization fluid is derived from contemporary seawater in the near-surface environment,rather than the burial environment.Based on the REE patterns of EPMA-based in-situ data,we recognized the seawater-sourced components,the mixedsourced components and the terrigenous-sourced components,indicating the marine origin of the dolomite with detrital contamination and diagenetic alteration.Moreover,high Al,Th,and Zr contents indicate significant detrital contamination derived from clay and quartz minerals,and high Sr/Ba and Sr/Cu ratios imply a relatively dry depositional environment with extremely high seawater salinity,intensive evaporation,and strong influences of terrigenous sediment.展开更多
Lacustrine dolomite is paid increasing attention to uncover the diagenetic water condition of paleo-lake and“dolomite problem”.Here,a dolomite nodule from the Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin was analyzed...Lacustrine dolomite is paid increasing attention to uncover the diagenetic water condition of paleo-lake and“dolomite problem”.Here,a dolomite nodule from the Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin was analyzed to explore the salinity,alkalinity,and redox conditions of the diagenetic water.Multiple proxies,including bulk boron(B)content,B isotope composition(δ^(11)B_(bul)),boron to gallium weight ratio(B/Ga)and carbonate oxygen isotope composition(δ^(18)O_(carb)),were used to determine the diagenetic water to be brackish-fresh.Through numerical simulation,we calculated the B contents,δ^(11)B values and B/Ga in detritus(e.g.,clay,quartz and feldspar)and dolomite as two endmembers,confirming the intense interference of clay minerals onδ^(11)B_(bul).By using the fittedδ^(11)B of dolomite endmember(20.6‰),we calculated the p H value of the diagenetic water to be 8.2.The negativeδ^(11)B value of detritus endmember(-12.9‰)might be related to the terrestrial weathering.The indicative nature of strontium to barium weight ratio(Sr/Ba)was discussed to deny its applicability as a proxy of salinity in carbonate system.High Sr/Ba ratio in this dolomite nodule indicates a sulfate-poor water condition,consistent with the iron-manganese(Fe-Mn)reduction environments reflected by the Mn/Fe molar ratio.The positive carbonate carbon isotopes(δ^(13)C_(carb),4.5‰-9.4‰)indicate that methanogenesis dominated the formation of dolomite,coinciding with the weak sulfate reduction reaction in sulfate-poor water.The growth of dolomite nodule might be related to the microbial activities of methanogen and iron reducing bacteria,which had not only maintained the salinity,p H,and redox status of the diagenetic water,but also led to a ferricmethane transition zone(FMTZ).This research depicts a scenario about the diagenetic water environment of lacustrine dolomite formed in brackish-fresh water,which is different from that occurred in sulfate-rich condition.展开更多
The efficient recovery of fluorite is paid more and more attention with the increasing application especially in strategic emerging industries.In this study,acrylic acid-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid copo...The efficient recovery of fluorite is paid more and more attention with the increasing application especially in strategic emerging industries.In this study,acrylic acid-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid copolymer(AAAMPS)was first used as the depressant in fluorite flotation,and its effect on the flotation separation of fluorite and dolomite in sodium oleate(NaOL)system was investigated.The depression mechanism was analyzed by contact angle measurement,zeta potential test,FTIR and XPS analyses.The micro-flotation test results showed that dolomite can be inhibited in fluorite flotation system in the addition of 2 mg/L AA-AMPS and 20 mg/L NaOL at pH 10.The CaF_(2) grade increased from 49.85%in the artificial mixed mineral to 89.60%in the fluorite concentrate.The depression mechanism indicated that AA-AMPS could adsorb strongly on dolomite surface by the chelation with Ca and Mg active sites.Moreover,the further adsorption of NaOL on dolomite surface was prevented by the AA-AMPS adsorption,but that on fluorite surface was little affected,thereby increasing the difference in the hydrophobicity and floatability of the two minerals.展开更多
The Yingshan Formation of the Lower-Middle Ordovician in the Tarim Basin(NW China)was mainly deposited in a shallow platform,which was intensely bioturbated with burrows filled with both dolomites and calcites.This st...The Yingshan Formation of the Lower-Middle Ordovician in the Tarim Basin(NW China)was mainly deposited in a shallow platform,which was intensely bioturbated with burrows filled with both dolomites and calcites.This study aims to figure out the controls on the dolomitization of burrow infills and the effects on petroleum reservoir quality based on petrographic examination,fluid inclusion microthermometry,and isotopic(C-O-Sr)geochemical analyses.The differentiation of burrow-associated carbonates(dolomites and calcites)was likely controlled by the interactions of sea-level oscillations of variable orders and depositional environments.The burrow-associated dolomites(BADs)were precipitated in a relatively restricted(i.e.,lagoon)depositional environment during the lowstand of long-term sea level.In contrast,the burrow-associated calcites(BACs)were formed in a water circulation-improved lagoonal environment during the transgression of long-term sea level.Isotopic geochemical data indicate that the BADs in the Yingshan Formation were formed from slightly saline(i.e.,mesosaline to penesaline)seawater,whereas the BACs were precipitated from nearly normal seawater.In addition to the anoxic condition,the presence of marine-sourced organic matter and sulfate-reducing bacteria,and a sufficient supply of dolomitizing fluids enriched in magnesium ions(Mg^(2+))and their Mg^(2+)concentration may have played a critical role in the formation of BADs.In the more permeable and disturbed burrow sediments as a result of burrowing,penetrating fluids with higher salinities and higher Mg^(2+)concentration relative to seawater favored dolomite precipitation.The fluids with seawater-like Mg^(2+)concentration,however,would lead to calcite precipitation.The progressive dolomitization of these burrowed sediments could have propagated the dolomitizing fronts and extended into ambient limestones,leading to the development of extensive dolomites.This dolomitization process can improve the petrophysical properties(porosity and permeability)and the potential as hydrocarbon reservoirs during the emplacement of hydrocarbons from underlying source rocks of the Cambrian to Lower Ordovician.展开更多
Disintegrated dolomite slope and tunnel disasters occur frequently due to poor water stability of disintegrated dolomite,primarily in a form of seepage failure.For engineering purposes,it is critical to determine the ...Disintegrated dolomite slope and tunnel disasters occur frequently due to poor water stability of disintegrated dolomite,primarily in a form of seepage failure.For engineering purposes,it is critical to determine the seepage properties of disintegrated dolomite within the strata.However,conventional experimental methods are time-consuming and expensive and may not be effective in investigating seepage characteristics due to the heterogeneity of disintegrated dolomite.In this study,pore network model(PNM)was established by the computerized tomography(CT)scanning technology to characterize the pores.Meanwhile,the seepage and coefficient of permeability under different inlet stress conditions based on the accurate pore model were realized by linking the commercial image processing software Avizo with the commercial multi-physics modeling package Comsol.The results show that the porosities of severely and completely disintegrated dolomites are 29.17% and 45.37%,respectively.The grade of pore development increases with disintegration grade,which facilitates seepage failure.Severely and completely disintegrated dolomites have the coefficients of permeability of 9.67×10^(-7) m/s and 1.61×10^(-6) m/s,respectively.Under conventional conditions,severely and completely disintegrated dolomites undergo seepage failure above a pressure difference of 6×10^(3) Pa and 5×10^(3) Pa,respectively.These results are consistent with both in situ water pressure tests in the borehole and laboratory tests with the constant-head method,demonstrating that CT scanning is an effective method for observing fractures and pores in disintegrated dolomite for seepage evaluation.展开更多
The 10000-m ultradeep dolomite reservoir holds significant potential as a successor field for future oil and gas exploration in China's marine craton basin.However,major challenges such as the genesis of dolomite,...The 10000-m ultradeep dolomite reservoir holds significant potential as a successor field for future oil and gas exploration in China's marine craton basin.However,major challenges such as the genesis of dolomite,the formation time of high-quality reservoirs,and the preservation mechanism of reservoirs have always limited exploration decision-making.This research systematically elaborates on the genesis and reservoir-forming mechanisms of Sinian-Cambrian dolomite,discussing the ancient marine environment where microorganisms and dolomite develop,which controls the formation of large-scale Precambrian-Cambrian dolomite.The periodic changes inMg isotopes and sedimentary cycles show that the thick-layered dolomite is the result of different dolomitization processes superimposed on a spatiotemporal scale.Lattice defects and dolomite embryos can promote dolomitization.By simulating the dissolution of typical calcite and dolomite crystal faces in different solution systems and calculating their molecular weights,the essence of heterogeneous dissolution and pore formation on typical calcite and dolomite crystal faces was revealed,and the mechanism of dolomitization was also demonstrated.The properties of calcite and dolomite(104)/(110)grain boundaries and their dissolution mechanism in carbonate solution were revealed,showing the limiting factors of the dolomitization process and the preservation mechanism of deep buried dolomite reservoirs.The in situ laser U-Pb isotope dating technique has demonstrated the timing of dolomitization and pore formation in ancient carbonate rocks.This research also proposed that dolomitization occurred during the quasi-contemporaneous or shallow-burial periods within 50Ma after deposition and pores formed during the quasi-contemporaneous to the early diagenetic periods.And it was clear that the quasi-contemporaneous dolomitization was the key period for reservoir formation.The systematic characterization of the spatial distribution of the deepest dolomite reservoirs in multiple sets of the Sinian and the Cambrian in the Chinese craton basins provides an important basis for the distribution prediction of large-scale dolomite reservoirs.It clarifies the targets for oil and gas exploration at depths over 10000 m.The research on dolomite in this study will greatly promote China's ultradeep oil and gas exploration and lead the Chinese petroleum industry into a new era of 10000-m deep oil exploration.展开更多
This paper discusses the characteristics and formation mechanism of thin dolomite reservoirs in the lower submember of the second member of the Permian Maokou Formation(lower Mao 2 Member)in the Wusheng-Tongnan area o...This paper discusses the characteristics and formation mechanism of thin dolomite reservoirs in the lower submember of the second member of the Permian Maokou Formation(lower Mao 2 Member)in the Wusheng-Tongnan area of the Sichuan Basin,SW China,through comprehensive analysis of geological,geophysical and geochemical data.The reservoir rocks of the lower Mao 2 Member are dominated by porphyritic vuggy dolomite and calcareous dolomite or dolomitic limestone,which have typical karst characteristics of early diagenetic stage.The dolomites at the edge of the karst system and in the fillings have dissolved estuaries,and the dolomite breccia has micrite envelope and rim cement at the edge,indicating that dolomitization is earlier than the early diagenetic karstification.The shoal facies laminated dolomite is primarily formed by the seepage reflux dolomitization of moderate-salinity seawater.The key factors of reservoir formation are the bioclastic shoal deposition superimposed with seepgae reflux dolomitization and the karstification of early diagenetic stage,which are locally reformed by fractures and hydrothermal processes.The development of dolomite vuggy reservoir is closely related to the upward-shallowing sequence,and mainly occurs in the late highstand of the fourth-order cycle.Moreover,the size of dolomite is closely related to formation thickness,and it is concentrated in the formation thickness conversion area,followed by the thinner area.According to the understanding of insufficient accommodation space in the geomorphic highland and the migration of granular shoal to geomorphic lowland in the late highstand of the third-order cycle,it is proposed that the large-scale shoal-controlled dolomite reservoirs are distributed along structural highs and slopes,and the reservoir-forming model with shoal,dolomitization and karstification jointly controlled by the microgeomorphy and sea-level fluctuation in the sedimentary period is established.On this basis,the paleogeomorphology in the lower Mao 2 Member is restored using well-seismic data,and the reservoir distribution is predicted.The prediction results have been verified by the latest results of exploration wells and tests,which provide an important reference for the prediction of thin dolomite reservoirs under similar geological setting.展开更多
The process of aluminothermic reduction of a mixture of calcined dolomite and calcined magnesite had been developed. The mechanism of the process was studied by SEM and EDS. The reduction process was divided into thre...The process of aluminothermic reduction of a mixture of calcined dolomite and calcined magnesite had been developed. The mechanism of the process was studied by SEM and EDS. The reduction process was divided into three stages:0≤ηt/ηf≤0.43±0.06, 0.43±0.06≤ηt/ηf≤0.9±0.02 and 0.9±0.02≤ηt/ηf<1, whereηt andηf are the reduction ratio at time t and the final reduction ratio obtained in the experiment at temperature T, respectively. The first stage included the direct reaction between calcined dolomite or calcined magnesite and Al with 12CaO·7Al2O3 and MgO·Al2O3 as products. The reaction rate depended on the chemical reaction. The CA phase was mainly produced in the second stage and the overall reaction rate was determined by both the diffusion of Ca2+ with molten Al and the chemical reaction. The CA2 phase was mainly produced in the third stage and the reaction process was controlled by the diffusion of Ca2+.展开更多
The vacuum aluminothermic reduction of the mixture of calcined magnesite and calcined dolomite was studied. An isothermal reduction method satisfying the vacuum aluminothermic reduction was proposed. The experiments w...The vacuum aluminothermic reduction of the mixture of calcined magnesite and calcined dolomite was studied. An isothermal reduction method satisfying the vacuum aluminothermic reduction was proposed. The experiments were carried out at 4 Pa. The results indicate that the reduction rate is increased with increasing temperature, content of aluminum and pellet forming pressure. The XRD patterns of pellets at different reduction stages confirm that the reduction process can be roughly classified into three stages：the formation of MgAl2O4, and Ca12Al14O33 phases;the phase transformation from MgAl2O4 and C12A7 to CaAl2O4;the formation of CaAl4O7 phase. The experimental data were divided into three parts according to the kinetic models. The apparent activation energies of the three parts were determined to be 98.2, 133.0 and 223.3 kJ/mol, respectively.展开更多
基金funded by Ordos Science and Technology Plan (Grant No. TD20240003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52174096, 52304110)+1 种基金Ordos Science and Technology Bureau (Grant No. IMRI23005)Ordos Science and Technology Plan (Grant No. YF20240021)
文摘Given that dolomite is prone to strength degradation and susceptible to water-sand ingress under physicochemical actions,this study aims to investigate these phenomena,along with the sanding mechanism in the Xiaopu Tunnel of the Yunnan Dianzhong Water Diversion Project,using a combined experimental and modeling approach for systematic analysis.Triaxial cyclic loading-unloading tests were first conducted on dolomite samples soaked in sulfuric acid solutions of varying concentrations,with synchronous monitoring of their mechanical responses(e.g.,peak strength,deformation modulus,porosity changes).These tests,combined with observations of macroscopic morphology and mass changes during soaking,revealed a four-stage degradation pattern of dolomite in sulfuric acid:water absorption,dynamic equilibrium,dissolution,and stabilization.Key quantitative relationships established that as sulfuric acid concentration increased(from 0%to 15%),the peak strength of dolomite decreased significantly(by 7.49%to 24.99%),while porosity markedly increased(by 45%to 130%).Further post-failure analysis(fracture surface observation)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)micro-characterization uncovered the intrinsic mechanisms of acid-induced damage:the acid solution not only promoted macroscopic crack propagation and increased fracture surface roughness but also triggered severe structural deterioration at the microscale,including enlarged crystal spacing,dissolution of gel-like substances,formation of intra-crystalline pores,weakened interparticle cementation,and development of macropores.The extent of this deterioration was positively correlated with acid concentration.Based on the experimentally revealed chemo-mechanical coupling damage mechanism between acid and rock,this study established,for the first time,a multi-scale predictive model capable of quantitatively correlating acid concentration,microstructural deterioration,and degradation of macroscopic mechanical properties.The development of this model not only deepens the quantitative understanding of the dolomite sanding mechanism but also provides a crucial theoretical tool for assessing surrounding rock stability and predicting risks in similar water diversion tunnel engineering.Addressing the specific risks of water and H^(+) erosion in the Xiaopu Tunnel,the research findings directly informed the engineering reinforcement strategy:concrete lining is recommended as the primary load-bearing structure,supplemented by surrounding rock surface protection measures,to effectively mitigate the acid-induced damage process and enhance the long-term stability of the surrounding rock.
基金Project(BGRIMM-KJSKL-2024-07) supported by the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing,ChinaProjects(52374259,52174239) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Surface pretreatment can change the surface properties of minerals,placing them in either a favorable or an unfavorable state for flotation.To solve the separation problem associated with magnesite and dolomite,surface pretreatment experiments with citric acid,tartaric acid,and tannic acid(TA)on magnesite and dolomite as well as flotation experiments on pretreated samples were performed in this study.Experimental results demonstrated that when citric acid and tartaric acid are used for surface pretreatment,the separation effect of magnesite and dolomite is poor.However,when TA is used,the separation effect of magnesite and dolomite improves.SEM and BET analysis indicated that surface pretreatment with TA changes the surface morphology of the two minerals,resulting in additional concave pores on the dolomite surface,and a significant increase in pore size and specific surface area.The adsorption quantity test and contact angle measurement demonstrated that after surface pretreatment with TA,the magnesite adsorption capacity on sodium oleate(NaOL)slightly decreases and the dolomite adsorption capacity on NaOL considerably decreases.XPS detection concluded that the surface pretreatment of TA on the magnesite surface mainly relies on physical adsorption with weak adsorption ability and poor ability to act on Mg sites.The TA surface pretreatment action on the dolomite surface is mainly through chemical adsorption,and it is strongly and selectively adsorbed on the Ca site of dolomite through O.Actual ore rough selection experiments reveal that TA pretreatment successfully removes dolomite from magnesite,resulting in a high-quality magnesite concentrate characterized by a MgO grade of 45.49%and a CaO grade of 0.75%.
基金Project(IMRI23005)supported by Ordos Science and Technology Bureau,ChinaProjects(52174096,52304110)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘To investigate the effects of water and cyclic loading on dolomite’s mechanical properties during deep mining,mechanical experiments on non-pressure water absorption and cyclic loading were conducted.The findings reveal that the elastic modulus and Poisson ratio of dolomite fluctuate with increasing water content.The mass of water absorption is positively correlated with time and the water absorption stage can be divided into three stages:accelerated,decelerated,and stabilized stages.During this process,the number of pores in dolomite increases,while the pore diameter initially decreases and then fluctuates.Microscopic analysis shows that the proportion of mesopores first increases and then decreases,while micropores exhibit the opposite trend,and the proportion of macropores fluctuates around 0%.A model diagram of structural evolution during water absorption has been developed.Additionally,the softening process of dolomite’s water absorption strength is categorized into three stages:a relatively stable stage,an accelerated softening stage dominated by mesopore water absorption,and a decelerated softening stage characterized by micropore water absorption.A uniaxial damage constitutive model for dolomite under water influence was established based on the Weibull distribution and Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion,and experimental validation indicates its strong applicability.
基金financially supported by the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Nos.2462018YJRC030 and 2462020YXZZ020)the China Sponsorship Council(No.202306440071)。
文摘The widespread dolomite of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin(China)serves as one of the most important oil and gas reservoir rocks of the basin.Well WT1,as an exploration well,is recently drilled in the Kaijiang County,northeastern Sichuan Basin(SW China),and it drills through the Dengying Formation dolomite at the depth interval of 7500–7580 m.In this study,samples are systematically collected from the cores of that interval,followed by new analyses of carbon-oxygen isotope,major elements,trace elements,rare earth elements(REEs)and EP-MA.The Dengying Formation dolomites of Well WT1 haveδ13C values of 0.37‰to 2.91‰andδ18O values of-5.72‰to-2.73‰,indicating that the dolomitization fluid is derived from contemporary seawater in the near-surface environment,rather than the burial environment.Based on the REE patterns of EPMA-based in-situ data,we recognized the seawater-sourced components,the mixedsourced components and the terrigenous-sourced components,indicating the marine origin of the dolomite with detrital contamination and diagenetic alteration.Moreover,high Al,Th,and Zr contents indicate significant detrital contamination derived from clay and quartz minerals,and high Sr/Ba and Sr/Cu ratios imply a relatively dry depositional environment with extremely high seawater salinity,intensive evaporation,and strong influences of terrigenous sediment.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42372162,U22B6004)the Scientific Research and Technology Development Program of CNPC(Nos.2021DJ0102,2021DJ1808)。
文摘Lacustrine dolomite is paid increasing attention to uncover the diagenetic water condition of paleo-lake and“dolomite problem”.Here,a dolomite nodule from the Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin was analyzed to explore the salinity,alkalinity,and redox conditions of the diagenetic water.Multiple proxies,including bulk boron(B)content,B isotope composition(δ^(11)B_(bul)),boron to gallium weight ratio(B/Ga)and carbonate oxygen isotope composition(δ^(18)O_(carb)),were used to determine the diagenetic water to be brackish-fresh.Through numerical simulation,we calculated the B contents,δ^(11)B values and B/Ga in detritus(e.g.,clay,quartz and feldspar)and dolomite as two endmembers,confirming the intense interference of clay minerals onδ^(11)B_(bul).By using the fittedδ^(11)B of dolomite endmember(20.6‰),we calculated the p H value of the diagenetic water to be 8.2.The negativeδ^(11)B value of detritus endmember(-12.9‰)might be related to the terrestrial weathering.The indicative nature of strontium to barium weight ratio(Sr/Ba)was discussed to deny its applicability as a proxy of salinity in carbonate system.High Sr/Ba ratio in this dolomite nodule indicates a sulfate-poor water condition,consistent with the iron-manganese(Fe-Mn)reduction environments reflected by the Mn/Fe molar ratio.The positive carbonate carbon isotopes(δ^(13)C_(carb),4.5‰-9.4‰)indicate that methanogenesis dominated the formation of dolomite,coinciding with the weak sulfate reduction reaction in sulfate-poor water.The growth of dolomite nodule might be related to the microbial activities of methanogen and iron reducing bacteria,which had not only maintained the salinity,p H,and redox status of the diagenetic water,but also led to a ferricmethane transition zone(FMTZ).This research depicts a scenario about the diagenetic water environment of lacustrine dolomite formed in brackish-fresh water,which is different from that occurred in sulfate-rich condition.
基金Project(52004333)supported by the National Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2021CB1002)supported by Hunan International Joint Research Center for Efficient and Clean Utilization of Critical Metal Mineral Resources,China。
文摘The efficient recovery of fluorite is paid more and more attention with the increasing application especially in strategic emerging industries.In this study,acrylic acid-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid copolymer(AAAMPS)was first used as the depressant in fluorite flotation,and its effect on the flotation separation of fluorite and dolomite in sodium oleate(NaOL)system was investigated.The depression mechanism was analyzed by contact angle measurement,zeta potential test,FTIR and XPS analyses.The micro-flotation test results showed that dolomite can be inhibited in fluorite flotation system in the addition of 2 mg/L AA-AMPS and 20 mg/L NaOL at pH 10.The CaF_(2) grade increased from 49.85%in the artificial mixed mineral to 89.60%in the fluorite concentrate.The depression mechanism indicated that AA-AMPS could adsorb strongly on dolomite surface by the chelation with Ca and Mg active sites.Moreover,the further adsorption of NaOL on dolomite surface was prevented by the AA-AMPS adsorption,but that on fluorite surface was little affected,thereby increasing the difference in the hydrophobicity and floatability of the two minerals.
基金supported by Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(No.ZK[2021]ordinary 199)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42262019,92062221)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0603103)。
文摘The Yingshan Formation of the Lower-Middle Ordovician in the Tarim Basin(NW China)was mainly deposited in a shallow platform,which was intensely bioturbated with burrows filled with both dolomites and calcites.This study aims to figure out the controls on the dolomitization of burrow infills and the effects on petroleum reservoir quality based on petrographic examination,fluid inclusion microthermometry,and isotopic(C-O-Sr)geochemical analyses.The differentiation of burrow-associated carbonates(dolomites and calcites)was likely controlled by the interactions of sea-level oscillations of variable orders and depositional environments.The burrow-associated dolomites(BADs)were precipitated in a relatively restricted(i.e.,lagoon)depositional environment during the lowstand of long-term sea level.In contrast,the burrow-associated calcites(BACs)were formed in a water circulation-improved lagoonal environment during the transgression of long-term sea level.Isotopic geochemical data indicate that the BADs in the Yingshan Formation were formed from slightly saline(i.e.,mesosaline to penesaline)seawater,whereas the BACs were precipitated from nearly normal seawater.In addition to the anoxic condition,the presence of marine-sourced organic matter and sulfate-reducing bacteria,and a sufficient supply of dolomitizing fluids enriched in magnesium ions(Mg^(2+))and their Mg^(2+)concentration may have played a critical role in the formation of BADs.In the more permeable and disturbed burrow sediments as a result of burrowing,penetrating fluids with higher salinities and higher Mg^(2+)concentration relative to seawater favored dolomite precipitation.The fluids with seawater-like Mg^(2+)concentration,however,would lead to calcite precipitation.The progressive dolomitization of these burrowed sediments could have propagated the dolomitizing fronts and extended into ambient limestones,leading to the development of extensive dolomites.This dolomitization process can improve the petrophysical properties(porosity and permeability)and the potential as hydrocarbon reservoirs during the emplacement of hydrocarbons from underlying source rocks of the Cambrian to Lower Ordovician.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42162026)the Basic Research Program in Yunnan Province,China(Grant No.202401AT070328)the Young Talents Project of“Xingdian Talent Support Program"in Yunnan Province,China(Grant No.YNWR-QNBJ-2020-019).
文摘Disintegrated dolomite slope and tunnel disasters occur frequently due to poor water stability of disintegrated dolomite,primarily in a form of seepage failure.For engineering purposes,it is critical to determine the seepage properties of disintegrated dolomite within the strata.However,conventional experimental methods are time-consuming and expensive and may not be effective in investigating seepage characteristics due to the heterogeneity of disintegrated dolomite.In this study,pore network model(PNM)was established by the computerized tomography(CT)scanning technology to characterize the pores.Meanwhile,the seepage and coefficient of permeability under different inlet stress conditions based on the accurate pore model were realized by linking the commercial image processing software Avizo with the commercial multi-physics modeling package Comsol.The results show that the porosities of severely and completely disintegrated dolomites are 29.17% and 45.37%,respectively.The grade of pore development increases with disintegration grade,which facilitates seepage failure.Severely and completely disintegrated dolomites have the coefficients of permeability of 9.67×10^(-7) m/s and 1.61×10^(-6) m/s,respectively.Under conventional conditions,severely and completely disintegrated dolomites undergo seepage failure above a pressure difference of 6×10^(3) Pa and 5×10^(3) Pa,respectively.These results are consistent with both in situ water pressure tests in the borehole and laboratory tests with the constant-head method,demonstrating that CT scanning is an effective method for observing fractures and pores in disintegrated dolomite for seepage evaluation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:42230812。
文摘The 10000-m ultradeep dolomite reservoir holds significant potential as a successor field for future oil and gas exploration in China's marine craton basin.However,major challenges such as the genesis of dolomite,the formation time of high-quality reservoirs,and the preservation mechanism of reservoirs have always limited exploration decision-making.This research systematically elaborates on the genesis and reservoir-forming mechanisms of Sinian-Cambrian dolomite,discussing the ancient marine environment where microorganisms and dolomite develop,which controls the formation of large-scale Precambrian-Cambrian dolomite.The periodic changes inMg isotopes and sedimentary cycles show that the thick-layered dolomite is the result of different dolomitization processes superimposed on a spatiotemporal scale.Lattice defects and dolomite embryos can promote dolomitization.By simulating the dissolution of typical calcite and dolomite crystal faces in different solution systems and calculating their molecular weights,the essence of heterogeneous dissolution and pore formation on typical calcite and dolomite crystal faces was revealed,and the mechanism of dolomitization was also demonstrated.The properties of calcite and dolomite(104)/(110)grain boundaries and their dissolution mechanism in carbonate solution were revealed,showing the limiting factors of the dolomitization process and the preservation mechanism of deep buried dolomite reservoirs.The in situ laser U-Pb isotope dating technique has demonstrated the timing of dolomitization and pore formation in ancient carbonate rocks.This research also proposed that dolomitization occurred during the quasi-contemporaneous or shallow-burial periods within 50Ma after deposition and pores formed during the quasi-contemporaneous to the early diagenetic periods.And it was clear that the quasi-contemporaneous dolomitization was the key period for reservoir formation.The systematic characterization of the spatial distribution of the deepest dolomite reservoirs in multiple sets of the Sinian and the Cambrian in the Chinese craton basins provides an important basis for the distribution prediction of large-scale dolomite reservoirs.It clarifies the targets for oil and gas exploration at depths over 10000 m.The research on dolomite in this study will greatly promote China's ultradeep oil and gas exploration and lead the Chinese petroleum industry into a new era of 10000-m deep oil exploration.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42172166)National Natural Science Foundation and CNPC Joint Fund Project(U23B20154)CNPC-Southwest Petroleum University Science and Technology Cooperation Project(2020CX010000).
文摘This paper discusses the characteristics and formation mechanism of thin dolomite reservoirs in the lower submember of the second member of the Permian Maokou Formation(lower Mao 2 Member)in the Wusheng-Tongnan area of the Sichuan Basin,SW China,through comprehensive analysis of geological,geophysical and geochemical data.The reservoir rocks of the lower Mao 2 Member are dominated by porphyritic vuggy dolomite and calcareous dolomite or dolomitic limestone,which have typical karst characteristics of early diagenetic stage.The dolomites at the edge of the karst system and in the fillings have dissolved estuaries,and the dolomite breccia has micrite envelope and rim cement at the edge,indicating that dolomitization is earlier than the early diagenetic karstification.The shoal facies laminated dolomite is primarily formed by the seepage reflux dolomitization of moderate-salinity seawater.The key factors of reservoir formation are the bioclastic shoal deposition superimposed with seepgae reflux dolomitization and the karstification of early diagenetic stage,which are locally reformed by fractures and hydrothermal processes.The development of dolomite vuggy reservoir is closely related to the upward-shallowing sequence,and mainly occurs in the late highstand of the fourth-order cycle.Moreover,the size of dolomite is closely related to formation thickness,and it is concentrated in the formation thickness conversion area,followed by the thinner area.According to the understanding of insufficient accommodation space in the geomorphic highland and the migration of granular shoal to geomorphic lowland in the late highstand of the third-order cycle,it is proposed that the large-scale shoal-controlled dolomite reservoirs are distributed along structural highs and slopes,and the reservoir-forming model with shoal,dolomitization and karstification jointly controlled by the microgeomorphy and sea-level fluctuation in the sedimentary period is established.On this basis,the paleogeomorphology in the lower Mao 2 Member is restored using well-seismic data,and the reservoir distribution is predicted.The prediction results have been verified by the latest results of exploration wells and tests,which provide an important reference for the prediction of thin dolomite reservoirs under similar geological setting.
基金Project(MYF2011-34)supported by High-tech R&D Projects of Liaoning Province Magnesia Materials Industry,ChinaProject(2011221002)supported by Industrial Research Projects of Liaoning Province,ChinaProject(N100302009)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘The process of aluminothermic reduction of a mixture of calcined dolomite and calcined magnesite had been developed. The mechanism of the process was studied by SEM and EDS. The reduction process was divided into three stages:0≤ηt/ηf≤0.43±0.06, 0.43±0.06≤ηt/ηf≤0.9±0.02 and 0.9±0.02≤ηt/ηf<1, whereηt andηf are the reduction ratio at time t and the final reduction ratio obtained in the experiment at temperature T, respectively. The first stage included the direct reaction between calcined dolomite or calcined magnesite and Al with 12CaO·7Al2O3 and MgO·Al2O3 as products. The reaction rate depended on the chemical reaction. The CA phase was mainly produced in the second stage and the overall reaction rate was determined by both the diffusion of Ca2+ with molten Al and the chemical reaction. The CA2 phase was mainly produced in the third stage and the reaction process was controlled by the diffusion of Ca2+.
基金Project(MYF2011-34)supported by High-tech R&D Plan of Liaoning Province,ChinaProject(2011221002)supported by Industrial Research Projects of Liaoning Province,ChinaProject(N100302009)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘The vacuum aluminothermic reduction of the mixture of calcined magnesite and calcined dolomite was studied. An isothermal reduction method satisfying the vacuum aluminothermic reduction was proposed. The experiments were carried out at 4 Pa. The results indicate that the reduction rate is increased with increasing temperature, content of aluminum and pellet forming pressure. The XRD patterns of pellets at different reduction stages confirm that the reduction process can be roughly classified into three stages：the formation of MgAl2O4, and Ca12Al14O33 phases;the phase transformation from MgAl2O4 and C12A7 to CaAl2O4;the formation of CaAl4O7 phase. The experimental data were divided into three parts according to the kinetic models. The apparent activation energies of the three parts were determined to be 98.2, 133.0 and 223.3 kJ/mol, respectively.
文摘分蘖是水稻最重要的农艺性状之一,其决定水稻的最终产量。多蘖矮杆突变体htd7(t)是粳稻品种‘日本晴’经350 Gy的60Co-γ射线辐射处理后产生的突变体。为了克隆HTD7(t)基因,将htd7(t)与‘9311’配制正反杂交组合进行遗传分析发现,htd7(t)多蘖矮杆性状是受1对隐性核基因控制。利用SSR分子标记将HTD7(t)初步定位在第11染色体分子标记RM21与RM254之间,遗传距离分别为5.6 c M和3.2 c M。利用已经公布的水稻基因组数据,在该基因附近新发展了13对In Del标记,对HTD7(t)进行精细定位。根据定位结果构建覆盖HTD7(t)基因的BAC重叠群,最终将HTD7(t)定位在In Del11-3和In Del11-5之间的64.8 kb的物理距离内。
