[Objective] The aim was to study the genetic diversities between Xiaogan water chestnut and wild chestnut with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） technology. [Method] Genetic diversities of the local cultivat...[Objective] The aim was to study the genetic diversities between Xiaogan water chestnut and wild chestnut with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） technology. [Method] Genetic diversities of the local cultivated water chestnut,wild chestnut,Lepironia articulata and Scirpus planiculmis Fr. Schmidt were analyzed by RAPD technology. [Result] Among the screened random primers 841,842,807 and 840,the polymorphism of amplification product of 841 was evident,and the obtained bands in electrophoresis were clear and showed good repeatability. Cluster analysis result showed that the affinity of cultivated water chestnut and wild water chestnut was nearer than that between Lepironia articulata and Scirpus planiculmis. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical basis for cultivating high-quality new varieties of water chestnut.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics in the Kuqa petroleum system of the Tarim Basin, this study discusses the causes and controlling factors of the phase diversities and their differen...Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics in the Kuqa petroleum system of the Tarim Basin, this study discusses the causes and controlling factors of the phase diversities and their differences in geochemical features. According to the characteristics and differences in oil and gas phase, the petroleum system can be divided into five categories： oil reservoir, wet gas reservoir, condensate gas-rich reservoir, condensate gas-poor reservoir and dry gas reservoir. The causes for the diversities in oil and gas phases include diversities of the sources of parent material, maturity of natural gas and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation of different hydrocarbon phases. On the whole, the Jurassic and Triassic terrestrial source rocks are the main sources for the hydrocarbon in the Kuqa Depression. The small differences in parent material may cause diversities in oil and gas amount, but the impact is small. The differences in oil and gas phase are mainly affected by maturity and the accumulation process, which closely relates with each other. Oil and gas at different thermal evolution stage can be captured in different accumulation process.展开更多
With Maolan Nature Reserve as an example, its forest landscape characteristics and diversity were studied by utilizing GIS. The results showed that the overall forest landscape in Maolan Nature Reserve was quite good,...With Maolan Nature Reserve as an example, its forest landscape characteristics and diversity were studied by utilizing GIS. The results showed that the overall forest landscape in Maolan Nature Reserve was quite good, but with the increasing natural interferences and human activities, shrub forests and non-woodland landscape types have been multiplied; among the 3 functional zones of the Nature Reserve, landscape fragmentation degree is low in core zone and buffer zone, but high in experimental zone.展开更多
Globalization increases mobilities and multiplies identities in Asia.Singapore,a city state with diverse Asian communities,amplifies this trend.In the 1990s,Singapore recruited large numbers of Western educated Chines...Globalization increases mobilities and multiplies identities in Asia.Singapore,a city state with diverse Asian communities,amplifies this trend.In the 1990s,Singapore recruited large numbers of Western educated Chinese scholars,who formed new diasporas across Asia and became catalyst for further cultural diversities.This multifaceted Asian phenomenon can be best exemplified in Chinese scholar-director Grant Shen’s contemporary productions of the traditional Chinese opera—The West Wing(2008,2016).This study discusses issues of mobilities,identities,and diversities through The West Wing,in which the performers are predominantly from Asian diasporas.The mobility of Grant Shen from China to Singapore via the US diversifies his cultural identity,at once rooted deeply in Chinese culture while openly embracing Western liberalism and Singaporean plurality.His theatre productions,boldly adopting pop music,employing trendy language,and recreating pro-feminist scenes,vividly attest to cultural diversities.Identity issues come to the fore when this well-received play in Singapore toured Shanghai,where it was welcomed by the young but frowned upon by others as subversive to Chinese tradition.This study views the multiplicity of Singapore as a fertile land for productions foretelling the plural future Asia.展开更多
The methods of DAPI staining epifluorescence microscopy and T-RFLP analysis were used to analyze the microbial abundance and diversity in surface seawater sampled from 12 stations inside and outside of the Jiaozhou Ba...The methods of DAPI staining epifluorescence microscopy and T-RFLP analysis were used to analyze the microbial abundance and diversity in surface seawater sampled from 12 stations inside and outside of the Jiaozhou Bay during a survey on 12 and 13 September 2004. The abundance of total microbes is in the range of 10^6～ 10^7 cells/cm^3, similar to those of most semi-enclosed bays in the temperate areas in the world. The highest microbial densities occur in the northeastern part of the Jiaozhou Bay, around the mouths of Loushan and Licun Rivers and the Hongdao aquacultural farming areas, suggesting that the degree and characteristics of pollutions, along with geographical and hydrological effects, may be important determinants affecting the abundance and distribution of bacteria in the Jiaozhou Bay. Bacterial communities inside and outside of the Jiaozhou Bay can be grouped into three classes based on T-RFLP patterns and cluster analyses. Stations at the water channel of the bay mouth and outside, such as D1, D3, D5, D6 and D7, are grouped together to stand for the outside bacterial community interacting with the environment outside of the Jiaozhou Bay. Stations of the innermost side of the Jiaozhou Bay, such as A3, A5, B2 and Y1, are grouped together to stand for the residential bacteria community. Stations C1, C3 and CA are grouped together and may stand for the transitional bacterial assemblage between the residential community and the outside community. However, there is no such a defined relationship for the case of cyanobacterial diversity, indicating the fact that cyanobacteria are more flexible and adaptable to all kinds of conditions.展开更多
Plants serve as rich repositories of diverse chemical compounds collectively referred to as specialized metabolites.These compounds are of importance for adaptive processes,including interactions with various microbes...Plants serve as rich repositories of diverse chemical compounds collectively referred to as specialized metabolites.These compounds are of importance for adaptive processes,including interactions with various microbes both beneficial and harmful.Considering microbes as bioreactors,the chemical diversity undergoes dynamic changes when root-derived specialized metabolites(RSMs)and microbes encounter each other in the rhizosphere.Recent advancements in sequencing techniques and molecular biology tools have not only accelerated the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways of RSMs but also unveiled the significance of RSMs in plant-microbe interactions.In this review,we provide a comprehensive description of the effects of RSMs on microbe assembly in the rhizosphere and the influence of corresponding microbial changes on plant health,incorporating the most up-to-date information available.Additionally,we highlight open questions that remain for a deeper understanding of and harnessing the potential of RSM-microbe interactions to enhance plant adaptation to the environment.Finally,we propose a pipeline for investigating the intricate associations between root exometabolites and the rhizomicrobiome.展开更多
The presence and introduction of new potato cultivars in Kosovo has increased the yield per unit area but reduced the cultivation of native potato population. Indigenous potato is linked to specific adaptations to loc...The presence and introduction of new potato cultivars in Kosovo has increased the yield per unit area but reduced the cultivation of native potato population. Indigenous potato is linked to specific adaptations to local fanning system and specific agro ecological conditions. This research was conducted in Prishtina region which is located in the Kosovo agro ecological region （42°38′97″ latitude and 21°08′45＂ longitude at 574 m.a.s.l ）. Plant material used in this research was 18 potato accessions with different origins. The experimental design was a randomized complete block （RCB） with three replicates, while the plot sizes were 4.20 m^2. All observation and analysis were carried out on 12 plants from each accession. All characters were measured in the field and laboratory at the normal harvest time. Morphological diversity was characterized using standard descriptors. The genetic diversity studies of the investigated potato accessions showed significant genetic variation on 17 physiological and chemical parameters, which could be largely due to that they were of different origins. The genetic diversity of potato cultivars offers a wealth of natural resources from which breeders can select the most desirable genotypes based on their favorable traits.展开更多
The oceans account for 71% of the Earth’s surface and are rich in the most advantageous and characteristic resources of marine microbes. The research on diversity is the key point for exploring and exploiting marine ...The oceans account for 71% of the Earth’s surface and are rich in the most advantageous and characteristic resources of marine microbes. The research on diversity is the key point for exploring and exploiting marine microbial resources. Giving attention to species diversity and genetic diversity of marine microbes, discovering novel metabolites with multiple functions, revealing key secondary metabolic process and the main regulation mechanisms in marine microbes, and developing a new technology of biosynthesis, are the important foundation for discovering innovative drugs and developing functional products with characteristics. The present paper has reviewed the recent advances in the four research areas of marine microbial species diversity, genetic diversity, chemical diversity and metabolic diversity in China.展开更多
Free living marine nematodes were sampled from two sandy beaches in Dalian City,in December of 2015,and April,July,and October of 2016.The spatial and seasonal variations of marine nematode species diversity(based on ...Free living marine nematodes were sampled from two sandy beaches in Dalian City,in December of 2015,and April,July,and October of 2016.The spatial and seasonal variations of marine nematode species diversity(based on species abundance dataset)and functional diversity(based on functional traits dataset:feeding types and life history strategies)were investigated to understand the environmental drivers and how they respond to specific environmental variations.Sediment granularity was revealed to be the main environmental factor causing spatial differences in nematode diversity indices between the two beaches.Species diversity indices,namely species number,Margalef index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H’),were higher in fine-grained sediments,while the functional diversity indices,including functional evenness,functional dispersion,and Rao’s quadratic entropy index(RaoQ),were higher in coarse-grained sediments.Nematode species diversity indices also fluctuated with seasonal variations of temperature,dissolved oxygen,pH,salinity,and sediment chlorophyll-a within the study beaches.However,functional diversity indices did not show significant seasonal variations and exhibited weak correlation with the studied environmental variables.Overall,the functional diversity indices were negatively correlated with the species diversity indices,suggesting an inconsistent response to environmental changes.A decrease in nematode species diversity in coarse sands,accompanied by an increase in functional diversity,can be regarded as an early warning signal of environment disturbance.If more biological traits are involved in calculating functional diversity indices,it will be helpful for the future study of the internal connections of species diversity and functional diversity.展开更多
Synthetic chemicals have been widely used in modern agriculture as fertilizer,plant growth regulators and pesticides.Although the chemical inputs improved the crop production,it is well known about their negative effe...Synthetic chemicals have been widely used in modern agriculture as fertilizer,plant growth regulators and pesticides.Although the chemical inputs improved the crop production,it is well known about their negative effects,such as environmental residues in water,soil and animals,pest resistance and resurgence and the residues in agricultural produces.The demands for safer food and more friendly environment are now more preferred by humankind in the world.Microbes have already become an alternate for chemical inputs in some aspects in agriculture.The microbes can produce very diverse volatile organic compounds(mVOCs)which play important roles in the interactions between plant and microbes,or among intraspecies or interspecies of microbes.Many mVOCs showed diverse agroactivities,such as insecticidal,bactericidal,fungicidal,herbicidal,plant growth promotion and abiotic stress-tolerance inducing activities.The agroactive mVOCs have diverse structure-types,such as alkane,alkenes,alcohols,aldehydes,ketones,carboxylic acid,esters and lactones,ethers,aromatic ring,terpenes,heterocycles,sulphur-containing VOCs.The promising agroactive properties make it possible to apply mVOCs and their producing microorganisms or synthetic mimics or agroactive mVOCs in crop protection,and so this review focuses on the chemical diversity,agroactivities,and potential application of mVOCs.展开更多
By using squarates as coordination building units,six new complexes formulated as[Mg(C_(4)O_(4))(H_(2)O)_(2)]n(1),[Pr_(2)(C_(4)O_(4))_(2)(OA)(H_(2)O)_(4)]n(2),[Eu_(2)(C_(4)O_(4))3(H_(2)O)_(8)]n(3)[Cd_(2)(C_(4)O_(4))_(...By using squarates as coordination building units,six new complexes formulated as[Mg(C_(4)O_(4))(H_(2)O)_(2)]n(1),[Pr_(2)(C_(4)O_(4))_(2)(OA)(H_(2)O)_(4)]n(2),[Eu_(2)(C_(4)O_(4))3(H_(2)O)_(8)]n(3)[Cd_(2)(C_(4)O_(4))_(2)(bpdo)(H_(2)O)_(4)]n(4),[Cd(C_(4)HO_(4))_(2)(H_(2)O)_(4)]·(MV)_(2)·(C_(4)O_(4))_(2)(5),and[Cd(C_(4)HO_(4))_(2)(H_(2)O)_(4)]·(EV)·(C_(4)HO_(4))_(2)(6),where(C_(4)O_(4))_(2)-=squarate,OA=oxalic acid,MV=methyl viologen,EV=ethyl viologen,and bpdo=4,4’-dipyrdiyl-N,N’-dioxide,have been synthesized under hydro/solvothermal conditions.They present structural dimensions from 3-D networks(1,2),2-D layers(3,4)to 0-D clusters(5,6)based on the versatile bridged modes of squarates and the introduction of second ligands.In particular,5 and 6 are the first examples incorporating squarates(electronic-rich species)with viologens(electronic-poor species)in one lattice.Consequently,they exhibit not only photocurrent responses but also reversible thermochromism,which will be beneficial for the design of multi-functional materials.展开更多
Solvothermal reactions of cyclotriphosphazene-functionalized hexacarboxylate derivatives bearing different substituents(methoxy,chloro,bromo and methyl)with Ho(NO_(_(3)))_(_(3))·6H_(2)O gave rise to four new thre...Solvothermal reactions of cyclotriphosphazene-functionalized hexacarboxylate derivatives bearing different substituents(methoxy,chloro,bromo and methyl)with Ho(NO_(_(3)))_(_(3))·6H_(2)O gave rise to four new three-dimensional lanthanide metal–organic frameworks(Ln-MOFs).Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that they all feature rod-shaped Ho-carboxylate chains as inorganic secondary building units but display substituent-driven structural diversities instead of the isoreticular structures.展开更多
The synthesis of nonclassical polyhedra is at the forefront of supramolecular research because of their unique anisotropic interior cavities.However,due to the difficulty in controlling the topology of Ln supramolecul...The synthesis of nonclassical polyhedra is at the forefront of supramolecular research because of their unique anisotropic interior cavities.However,due to the difficulty in controlling the topology of Ln supramolecular systems,the preparation of nonclassical lanthanide organic polyhedrals(LOPs)remains a challenge.Herein,we explore the ionic radius-dependent self-assembly of LOPs using a rectangular tetratropic ligand L.Owing to the rectangular geometry of the ligand panels(rather than square),its assembly with lanthanide ions located in the middle of the Ln series afforded an irregular tetragonal antiprismatic Ln_(8)L_(4)(Ln=Sm^(3+),Eu^(3+),Tb^(3+),Dy^(3+)and Ho^(3+))with two faces unoccupied with L ligands.Interestingly,this tetragonal antiprism possessed an oblate internal cavity that binds to four THF molecules in the solidstate structure.With an increase in radius,the larger La^(3+)and Nd^(3+)ions produced Ln_(4)L_(2) with a distinct sandwich square architecture.In contrast,the smaller Er^(3+)and Lu^(3+)ions gave rise to a mixture of both Ln_(8)L_(4) and Ln_(6)L_(3).On adding excess Ln^(3+)ions,a structural transformation from Ln_(8)L_(4) to Ln_(6)L_(3) occurred.Structural comparisons of La_(4)L_(2) and Sm_(8)L_(4) revealed that the differences in architecture within these systems were governed by both the ionic radii of the lanthanides and conformational flexibility of the ligands.Photophysical investigations revealed that the ligand L exhibited a sensitizing ability toward Sm^(3+),Tb^(3+)and Dy^(3+)ions,displaying their characteristic luminescence emission,with a new record-setting luminescent quantum yield of 92.74%observed for Tb_(8)L_(4).This work provides new insights into the effect of lanthanide size on the resulting assemblies and opens new avenues to develop nonclassical LOPs.展开更多
Conservationists have long debated whether fragmented habitats are best conserved by protecting a single large patch(SL)or several small patches(SS),i.e.,the SLOSS debate.Although this SLOSS debate has provided import...Conservationists have long debated whether fragmented habitats are best conserved by protecting a single large patch(SL)or several small patches(SS),i.e.,the SLOSS debate.Although this SLOSS debate has provided important insights into biodiversity conservation,research has predominantly focused on only one dimension of diversity(i.e.,taxonomic),failing to consider how phylogenetic and functional diversity might inform conservation strategies.In this study,we determined whether grasslands in the agro-pastoral ecotone of the Tabu River Basin,Inner Mongolia should be conserved by protecting a single large patch or several small patches.For this purpose,we quantified the relationships between three dimensions of biodiversity(taxonomic,phylogenetic,and functional diversity)and grassland patch area.We found species richness and the standardized effect size of phylogenetic diversity increased with patch area,whereas the standardized effect size of functional diversity decreased.Taxonomic measures of diversity indicated that the best strategy for conserving Tabu River Basin grasslands is to protect several small habitat patches;in contrast,phylogenetic and functional measures of diversity indicated that conserving a single large habitat patch was best.Our study emphasizes the necessity of considering multiple dimensions of diversity when designing conservation strategies for fragmented landscapes to achieve comprehensive biodiversity conservation.展开更多
Understanding spatial patterns of plant species diversity and the factors(e.g.,climate and human)that drive these patterns is essential for biodiversity conservation.We used data from 1700.1-ha forest plots in the She...Understanding spatial patterns of plant species diversity and the factors(e.g.,climate and human)that drive these patterns is essential for biodiversity conservation.We used data from 1700.1-ha forest plots in the Shettihalli tropical forest landscape of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot,India,to analyse tree community composition and the drivers of α-diversity(Shannon)andβ-diversity(LCBD).Compositional patterns were visualized using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling(NMDS),and hybrid feature selection with structural equation modeling(SEM)was employed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of environmental variables on diversity.NMDS identified four distinct forest types in the Shettihalli landscape:semi-evergreen,dry deciduous,moist deciduous,and plantation forests,each with distinct plant composition.Shannon diversity and ecological uniqueness was significantly higher in semi-evergreen forest than in deciduous forest plots.The SEMs explained about 79%and 39–45%of the variation in α-diversity andβ-diversity.Our analysis indicated that current diversity patterns result from multiple processes,with structure,disturbance,and edaphic parameters exerting the strongest direct and indirect effects onα-diversity.β-diversity,in contrast,was largely influenced by climate,topography,stand structure,and edaphic factors.Overall,our findings indicate that various factors(e.g.,climate,topography,and human disturbance)interact to shape tree diversity patterns in tropical forests.These findings will help develop unique conservation and management strategies for distinct forest types in tropical forest ecosystems.展开更多
Mountain ecosystems offer natural gradients for exploring biodiversity patterns;however,the elevational patterns of plant species and phylogenetic diversity in the eastern Pamir Plateau remain poorly understood.As a b...Mountain ecosystems offer natural gradients for exploring biodiversity patterns;however,the elevational patterns of plant species and phylogenetic diversity in the eastern Pamir Plateau remain poorly understood.As a biogeographical junction of the Central Asian mountain ranges,the eastern Pamir Plateau in China is geographically connected to the main part of the Pamir Plateau in Tajikistan,resulting in significant climatic and topographical heterogeneity and unique regional vegetation communities.In this study,we established 5 elevational transects and 91 plots (1500–4870 m) in the eastern Pamir Plateau to investigate the patterns and environmental drivers of plant diversity at both regional and local spatial scales.We examined diversity patterns and community composition using regression models and community structure analysis and quantified the relative importance of environmental factors using a random forest model.The results showed a distinct differentiation along elevation gradients,with overall plant diversity,herbaceous plant diversity,and phylogenetic diversity index increasing with elevation,whereas woody plant diversity declined.The phylogenetic structure indices (including net relatedness index and nearest taxon index) exhibited heterogeneous elevational responses,indicating that community assembly was jointly driven by environmental filtering and niche differentiation.Soil nutrients,water availability,and temperature were the primary environmental drivers,with soil factors predominantly influencing herbaceous plant diversity,while climatic variables dominated woody plant diversity.These findings demonstrate that plant diversity along elevational gradients of the eastern Pamir Plateau exhibits the characteristic patterns of a unique arid mountain ecosystem,where enhanced soil fertility and moderate moisture at higher elevations partly offset energy limitations,thereby maintaining plant diversity through functional convergence of closely related lineages.This pattern of biodiversity maintenance contrasts with the divergence-driven community assembly processes commonly observed in humid mountain systems.Overall,this study contributes to a better understanding of biodiversity maintenance in the eastern Pamir Plateau.Given its geographical continuity with the Pamir Plateau in Tajikistan,our findings can provide a basis for alpine conservation efforts across arid Central Asia.展开更多
Dear Editor,Understanding patterns of species diversity is a primary research focus in macroecology,with its distribution patterns having been described and theoretically validated on a global scale(Peters et al.,2016...Dear Editor,Understanding patterns of species diversity is a primary research focus in macroecology,with its distribution patterns having been described and theoretically validated on a global scale(Peters et al.,2016;Sonne et al.,2025).Numerous studies have found that species richness of different taxa tends to decrease with increasing elevation and is modulated by latitudinal gradients(Peters et al.,2016;Dolson et al.,2024).This principle provides a crucial scientific basis for regional conservation planning.However,it still exhibits significant variations across different mountain ranges and taxa.展开更多
Despite Morocco's reliance on sunflower as an oilseed crop,little is known about its agronomic performance when sown in autumn or early winter.This knowledge gap is critical,as spring-sown varieties have shown dec...Despite Morocco's reliance on sunflower as an oilseed crop,little is known about its agronomic performance when sown in autumn or early winter.This knowledge gap is critical,as spring-sown varieties have shown declining performance in recent years under intensifying climate stress.Therefore,targeted breeding strategies could discover genotypes suitable for autumn or early winter sowing,with cold tolerance as a key selection criterion.Currently,‘Ichraq'is the only autumn-planted sunflower variety officially registered in Morocco,although efforts to release additional tolerant varieties are underway.This study evaluated 31 genotypes(MGB1to MGB31)selected from various environments under autumn planting conditions and conserved in the Moroccan Gene Bank.These genotypes were planted in early winter at a mountainous site known for its pronounced winter cold.Eighteen Morphological,physiological and agronomic parameters including initial vigor,leaf area,seed yield,oil content etc.,were assessed using both univariate and multivariate statistical approaches.Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences across most traits,indicating substantial genetic variation.Notably,seed oil content ranged from 23.28%(MGB26)to 43.88%(MGB5),and seed yield from1400 kg/ha(MGB7)to 5400 kg/ha(MGB8).Principal component analysis(PCA)identified that the first principal component,accounting for over 24%of the total phenotypic variance,exhibits a strong positive loading of yield-related traits and chlorophyll content,while displaying a pronounced negative loading for oil content variables.This opposing gradient indicates a clear trade-off between vegetative productivity and oil accumulation across the evaluated genotypes.Hierarchical cluster analysis resolved the germplasm into two principal clusters with high within-group similarity,each further partitioned into relatively homogeneous subgroups.Notably,several genotypes outperformed the control variety Ichraq,underscoring their potential for autumn or early winter cultivation.Nonetheless,essential multi-environment trials remain to validate their phenotypic stability and to ascertain their value as genetic resources for sunflower breeding programs in Morocco and other Mediterranean agro-ecosystems.展开更多
Subtropical evergreen sub-montane forests in Punjab,Pakistan,are vital for carbon sequestration and play an essential role in supporting local communities.While the global importance of tree species diversity in enhan...Subtropical evergreen sub-montane forests in Punjab,Pakistan,are vital for carbon sequestration and play an essential role in supporting local communities.While the global importance of tree species diversity in enhancing aboveground carbon(AGC)storage is well established,there remains limited empirical evidence from Pakistan’s forest ecosystems.This study investigated how taxonomic and functional diversity,alongside topographical variables,influence AGC across four districts in Punjab.Taxonomic metrics such as the Importance Value Index(IVI)and genus richness were computed,along with functional diversity indices including functional richness(FRic),functional dispersion(FDis),functional divergence(FDiv),and functional evenness(FEve).AGC was estimated using species-specific allometric equations,and linear mixed-effects models were applied to identify the most influential predictors.Acacia modesta and A.nilotica emerged as the dominant species in the studied sites.While species richness and biomass increased with elevation,Shannon diversity showed a negative relationship with elevation.AGC values ranged from 100 to 350 Mg ha⁻¹across the study sites.Among diversity metrics,FRic(0.042)and FDis(0.342)were significantly associated with higher AGC,whereas taxonomic diversity measures showed weaker correlations.Although elevation was a strong predictor of diversity patterns,it did not have a significant direct effect on carbon storage.These findings underscore the importance of incorporating functional trait diversity and topographic variability into forest management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration,strengthen ecosystem resilience and support sustainable rural livelihoods.展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2005ABA084)Major Projects of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (04Z002)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the genetic diversities between Xiaogan water chestnut and wild chestnut with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） technology. [Method] Genetic diversities of the local cultivated water chestnut,wild chestnut,Lepironia articulata and Scirpus planiculmis Fr. Schmidt were analyzed by RAPD technology. [Result] Among the screened random primers 841,842,807 and 840,the polymorphism of amplification product of 841 was evident,and the obtained bands in electrophoresis were clear and showed good repeatability. Cluster analysis result showed that the affinity of cultivated water chestnut and wild water chestnut was nearer than that between Lepironia articulata and Scirpus planiculmis. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical basis for cultivating high-quality new varieties of water chestnut.
基金supported by the Tarim Oil Field Research InstituteNational Natural Science Foundation (sanctified number:40602016)National Key Basic Research and Development Projects (Itemnumber:113404GJ0003)
文摘Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics in the Kuqa petroleum system of the Tarim Basin, this study discusses the causes and controlling factors of the phase diversities and their differences in geochemical features. According to the characteristics and differences in oil and gas phase, the petroleum system can be divided into five categories： oil reservoir, wet gas reservoir, condensate gas-rich reservoir, condensate gas-poor reservoir and dry gas reservoir. The causes for the diversities in oil and gas phases include diversities of the sources of parent material, maturity of natural gas and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation of different hydrocarbon phases. On the whole, the Jurassic and Triassic terrestrial source rocks are the main sources for the hydrocarbon in the Kuqa Depression. The small differences in parent material may cause diversities in oil and gas amount, but the impact is small. The differences in oil and gas phase are mainly affected by maturity and the accumulation process, which closely relates with each other. Oil and gas at different thermal evolution stage can be captured in different accumulation process.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation(40971160)Project of Guizhou Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2007-2049)+2 种基金Guizhou Provincial High-grade Talents Project(TZJF-2008-40)Supporting Project for Guizhou Provincial Outstanding Young S&T Talents in 2009Key Project of Guizhou Normal University Students'Tasks~~
文摘With Maolan Nature Reserve as an example, its forest landscape characteristics and diversity were studied by utilizing GIS. The results showed that the overall forest landscape in Maolan Nature Reserve was quite good, but with the increasing natural interferences and human activities, shrub forests and non-woodland landscape types have been multiplied; among the 3 functional zones of the Nature Reserve, landscape fragmentation degree is low in core zone and buffer zone, but high in experimental zone.
文摘Globalization increases mobilities and multiplies identities in Asia.Singapore,a city state with diverse Asian communities,amplifies this trend.In the 1990s,Singapore recruited large numbers of Western educated Chinese scholars,who formed new diasporas across Asia and became catalyst for further cultural diversities.This multifaceted Asian phenomenon can be best exemplified in Chinese scholar-director Grant Shen’s contemporary productions of the traditional Chinese opera—The West Wing(2008,2016).This study discusses issues of mobilities,identities,and diversities through The West Wing,in which the performers are predominantly from Asian diasporas.The mobility of Grant Shen from China to Singapore via the US diversifies his cultural identity,at once rooted deeply in Chinese culture while openly embracing Western liberalism and Singaporean plurality.His theatre productions,boldly adopting pop music,employing trendy language,and recreating pro-feminist scenes,vividly attest to cultural diversities.Identity issues come to the fore when this well-received play in Singapore toured Shanghai,where it was welcomed by the young but frowned upon by others as subversive to Chinese tradition.This study views the multiplicity of Singapore as a fertile land for productions foretelling the plural future Asia.
基金financially supported by the Pilot Projects of Knowledge Innovation Project,Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract Nos KZCX3-SW-214,KZCX3-SW-223 and KZCX3-SW-233the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 40476058 and 40576069.
文摘The methods of DAPI staining epifluorescence microscopy and T-RFLP analysis were used to analyze the microbial abundance and diversity in surface seawater sampled from 12 stations inside and outside of the Jiaozhou Bay during a survey on 12 and 13 September 2004. The abundance of total microbes is in the range of 10^6～ 10^7 cells/cm^3, similar to those of most semi-enclosed bays in the temperate areas in the world. The highest microbial densities occur in the northeastern part of the Jiaozhou Bay, around the mouths of Loushan and Licun Rivers and the Hongdao aquacultural farming areas, suggesting that the degree and characteristics of pollutions, along with geographical and hydrological effects, may be important determinants affecting the abundance and distribution of bacteria in the Jiaozhou Bay. Bacterial communities inside and outside of the Jiaozhou Bay can be grouped into three classes based on T-RFLP patterns and cluster analyses. Stations at the water channel of the bay mouth and outside, such as D1, D3, D5, D6 and D7, are grouped together to stand for the outside bacterial community interacting with the environment outside of the Jiaozhou Bay. Stations of the innermost side of the Jiaozhou Bay, such as A3, A5, B2 and Y1, are grouped together to stand for the residential bacteria community. Stations C1, C3 and CA are grouped together and may stand for the transitional bacterial assemblage between the residential community and the outside community. However, there is no such a defined relationship for the case of cyanobacterial diversity, indicating the fact that cyanobacteria are more flexible and adaptable to all kinds of conditions.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0900603 to G.W.and 2022YFF1001800 to Y.B.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.32000232)to X.W.the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics of China(SKLPG2016A-13)to G.W.
文摘Plants serve as rich repositories of diverse chemical compounds collectively referred to as specialized metabolites.These compounds are of importance for adaptive processes,including interactions with various microbes both beneficial and harmful.Considering microbes as bioreactors,the chemical diversity undergoes dynamic changes when root-derived specialized metabolites(RSMs)and microbes encounter each other in the rhizosphere.Recent advancements in sequencing techniques and molecular biology tools have not only accelerated the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways of RSMs but also unveiled the significance of RSMs in plant-microbe interactions.In this review,we provide a comprehensive description of the effects of RSMs on microbe assembly in the rhizosphere and the influence of corresponding microbial changes on plant health,incorporating the most up-to-date information available.Additionally,we highlight open questions that remain for a deeper understanding of and harnessing the potential of RSM-microbe interactions to enhance plant adaptation to the environment.Finally,we propose a pipeline for investigating the intricate associations between root exometabolites and the rhizomicrobiome.
文摘The presence and introduction of new potato cultivars in Kosovo has increased the yield per unit area but reduced the cultivation of native potato population. Indigenous potato is linked to specific adaptations to local fanning system and specific agro ecological conditions. This research was conducted in Prishtina region which is located in the Kosovo agro ecological region （42°38′97″ latitude and 21°08′45＂ longitude at 574 m.a.s.l ）. Plant material used in this research was 18 potato accessions with different origins. The experimental design was a randomized complete block （RCB） with three replicates, while the plot sizes were 4.20 m^2. All observation and analysis were carried out on 12 plants from each accession. All characters were measured in the field and laboratory at the normal harvest time. Morphological diversity was characterized using standard descriptors. The genetic diversity studies of the investigated potato accessions showed significant genetic variation on 17 physiological and chemical parameters, which could be largely due to that they were of different origins. The genetic diversity of potato cultivars offers a wealth of natural resources from which breeders can select the most desirable genotypes based on their favorable traits.
文摘The oceans account for 71% of the Earth’s surface and are rich in the most advantageous and characteristic resources of marine microbes. The research on diversity is the key point for exploring and exploiting marine microbial resources. Giving attention to species diversity and genetic diversity of marine microbes, discovering novel metabolites with multiple functions, revealing key secondary metabolic process and the main regulation mechanisms in marine microbes, and developing a new technology of biosynthesis, are the important foundation for discovering innovative drugs and developing functional products with characteristics. The present paper has reviewed the recent advances in the four research areas of marine microbial species diversity, genetic diversity, chemical diversity and metabolic diversity in China.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41976100,41576153).
文摘Free living marine nematodes were sampled from two sandy beaches in Dalian City,in December of 2015,and April,July,and October of 2016.The spatial and seasonal variations of marine nematode species diversity(based on species abundance dataset)and functional diversity(based on functional traits dataset:feeding types and life history strategies)were investigated to understand the environmental drivers and how they respond to specific environmental variations.Sediment granularity was revealed to be the main environmental factor causing spatial differences in nematode diversity indices between the two beaches.Species diversity indices,namely species number,Margalef index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H’),were higher in fine-grained sediments,while the functional diversity indices,including functional evenness,functional dispersion,and Rao’s quadratic entropy index(RaoQ),were higher in coarse-grained sediments.Nematode species diversity indices also fluctuated with seasonal variations of temperature,dissolved oxygen,pH,salinity,and sediment chlorophyll-a within the study beaches.However,functional diversity indices did not show significant seasonal variations and exhibited weak correlation with the studied environmental variables.Overall,the functional diversity indices were negatively correlated with the species diversity indices,suggesting an inconsistent response to environmental changes.A decrease in nematode species diversity in coarse sands,accompanied by an increase in functional diversity,can be regarded as an early warning signal of environment disturbance.If more biological traits are involved in calculating functional diversity indices,it will be helpful for the future study of the internal connections of species diversity and functional diversity.
基金the Foundation of Hubei Hongshan Labororaty(No.2021hskf016)Hubei Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center(2021-620-000-001-027)for financial support for this research.
文摘Synthetic chemicals have been widely used in modern agriculture as fertilizer,plant growth regulators and pesticides.Although the chemical inputs improved the crop production,it is well known about their negative effects,such as environmental residues in water,soil and animals,pest resistance and resurgence and the residues in agricultural produces.The demands for safer food and more friendly environment are now more preferred by humankind in the world.Microbes have already become an alternate for chemical inputs in some aspects in agriculture.The microbes can produce very diverse volatile organic compounds(mVOCs)which play important roles in the interactions between plant and microbes,or among intraspecies or interspecies of microbes.Many mVOCs showed diverse agroactivities,such as insecticidal,bactericidal,fungicidal,herbicidal,plant growth promotion and abiotic stress-tolerance inducing activities.The agroactive mVOCs have diverse structure-types,such as alkane,alkenes,alcohols,aldehydes,ketones,carboxylic acid,esters and lactones,ethers,aromatic ring,terpenes,heterocycles,sulphur-containing VOCs.The promising agroactive properties make it possible to apply mVOCs and their producing microorganisms or synthetic mimics or agroactive mVOCs in crop protection,and so this review focuses on the chemical diversity,agroactivities,and potential application of mVOCs.
基金support for this research by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.:21271043,21771038)the Qishan Scholars Program of Fuzhou University(No.:XQS-1403).
文摘By using squarates as coordination building units,six new complexes formulated as[Mg(C_(4)O_(4))(H_(2)O)_(2)]n(1),[Pr_(2)(C_(4)O_(4))_(2)(OA)(H_(2)O)_(4)]n(2),[Eu_(2)(C_(4)O_(4))3(H_(2)O)_(8)]n(3)[Cd_(2)(C_(4)O_(4))_(2)(bpdo)(H_(2)O)_(4)]n(4),[Cd(C_(4)HO_(4))_(2)(H_(2)O)_(4)]·(MV)_(2)·(C_(4)O_(4))_(2)(5),and[Cd(C_(4)HO_(4))_(2)(H_(2)O)_(4)]·(EV)·(C_(4)HO_(4))_(2)(6),where(C_(4)O_(4))_(2)-=squarate,OA=oxalic acid,MV=methyl viologen,EV=ethyl viologen,and bpdo=4,4’-dipyrdiyl-N,N’-dioxide,have been synthesized under hydro/solvothermal conditions.They present structural dimensions from 3-D networks(1,2),2-D layers(3,4)to 0-D clusters(5,6)based on the versatile bridged modes of squarates and the introduction of second ligands.In particular,5 and 6 are the first examples incorporating squarates(electronic-rich species)with viologens(electronic-poor species)in one lattice.Consequently,they exhibit not only photocurrent responses but also reversible thermochromism,which will be beneficial for the design of multi-functional materials.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21771162)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang province,China(LR16B010001)the Qianjiang talents project in Zhejiang province(ZC304015017)for financial supports.
文摘Solvothermal reactions of cyclotriphosphazene-functionalized hexacarboxylate derivatives bearing different substituents(methoxy,chloro,bromo and methyl)with Ho(NO_(_(3)))_(_(3))·6H_(2)O gave rise to four new three-dimensional lanthanide metal–organic frameworks(Ln-MOFs).Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that they all feature rod-shaped Ho-carboxylate chains as inorganic secondary building units but display substituent-driven structural diversities instead of the isoreticular structures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22171264)the Science Foundation of the Fujian Province(No.2022J01507)the Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CXZX-2022-GH01).
文摘The synthesis of nonclassical polyhedra is at the forefront of supramolecular research because of their unique anisotropic interior cavities.However,due to the difficulty in controlling the topology of Ln supramolecular systems,the preparation of nonclassical lanthanide organic polyhedrals(LOPs)remains a challenge.Herein,we explore the ionic radius-dependent self-assembly of LOPs using a rectangular tetratropic ligand L.Owing to the rectangular geometry of the ligand panels(rather than square),its assembly with lanthanide ions located in the middle of the Ln series afforded an irregular tetragonal antiprismatic Ln_(8)L_(4)(Ln=Sm^(3+),Eu^(3+),Tb^(3+),Dy^(3+)and Ho^(3+))with two faces unoccupied with L ligands.Interestingly,this tetragonal antiprism possessed an oblate internal cavity that binds to four THF molecules in the solidstate structure.With an increase in radius,the larger La^(3+)and Nd^(3+)ions produced Ln_(4)L_(2) with a distinct sandwich square architecture.In contrast,the smaller Er^(3+)and Lu^(3+)ions gave rise to a mixture of both Ln_(8)L_(4) and Ln_(6)L_(3).On adding excess Ln^(3+)ions,a structural transformation from Ln_(8)L_(4) to Ln_(6)L_(3) occurred.Structural comparisons of La_(4)L_(2) and Sm_(8)L_(4) revealed that the differences in architecture within these systems were governed by both the ionic radii of the lanthanides and conformational flexibility of the ligands.Photophysical investigations revealed that the ligand L exhibited a sensitizing ability toward Sm^(3+),Tb^(3+)and Dy^(3+)ions,displaying their characteristic luminescence emission,with a new record-setting luminescent quantum yield of 92.74%observed for Tb_(8)L_(4).This work provides new insights into the effect of lanthanide size on the resulting assemblies and opens new avenues to develop nonclassical LOPs.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Key Project(2023ZD24)the Erdos City Major Science and Technology Special Project(ZD20232305)+3 种基金the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Plan Project(2025KYPT0012)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Plan Project(2022ZD007)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Education Department Project(NMGIRT2409)the Inner Mongolia First-Class Disciplines Scientific Research Special Project(YLXKZX-ND-047).
文摘Conservationists have long debated whether fragmented habitats are best conserved by protecting a single large patch(SL)or several small patches(SS),i.e.,the SLOSS debate.Although this SLOSS debate has provided important insights into biodiversity conservation,research has predominantly focused on only one dimension of diversity(i.e.,taxonomic),failing to consider how phylogenetic and functional diversity might inform conservation strategies.In this study,we determined whether grasslands in the agro-pastoral ecotone of the Tabu River Basin,Inner Mongolia should be conserved by protecting a single large patch or several small patches.For this purpose,we quantified the relationships between three dimensions of biodiversity(taxonomic,phylogenetic,and functional diversity)and grassland patch area.We found species richness and the standardized effect size of phylogenetic diversity increased with patch area,whereas the standardized effect size of functional diversity decreased.Taxonomic measures of diversity indicated that the best strategy for conserving Tabu River Basin grasslands is to protect several small habitat patches;in contrast,phylogenetic and functional measures of diversity indicated that conserving a single large habitat patch was best.Our study emphasizes the necessity of considering multiple dimensions of diversity when designing conservation strategies for fragmented landscapes to achieve comprehensive biodiversity conservation.
基金supported by the Department of Biotechnology,Ministry of Science and Technology,Govt.India,under grant No.BT/Coord.Ⅱ/10/02/2016/22.03.2018the Indian Council of Social Science Research,New Delhi,India,for providing a short-term doctoral fellowship(RFD/Short-Term/2022-23/ENV/ST/66)。
文摘Understanding spatial patterns of plant species diversity and the factors(e.g.,climate and human)that drive these patterns is essential for biodiversity conservation.We used data from 1700.1-ha forest plots in the Shettihalli tropical forest landscape of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot,India,to analyse tree community composition and the drivers of α-diversity(Shannon)andβ-diversity(LCBD).Compositional patterns were visualized using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling(NMDS),and hybrid feature selection with structural equation modeling(SEM)was employed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of environmental variables on diversity.NMDS identified four distinct forest types in the Shettihalli landscape:semi-evergreen,dry deciduous,moist deciduous,and plantation forests,each with distinct plant composition.Shannon diversity and ecological uniqueness was significantly higher in semi-evergreen forest than in deciduous forest plots.The SEMs explained about 79%and 39–45%of the variation in α-diversity andβ-diversity.Our analysis indicated that current diversity patterns result from multiple processes,with structure,disturbance,and edaphic parameters exerting the strongest direct and indirect effects onα-diversity.β-diversity,in contrast,was largely influenced by climate,topography,stand structure,and edaphic factors.Overall,our findings indicate that various factors(e.g.,climate,topography,and human disturbance)interact to shape tree diversity patterns in tropical forests.These findings will help develop unique conservation and management strategies for distinct forest types in tropical forest ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFE0214200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42201072)。
文摘Mountain ecosystems offer natural gradients for exploring biodiversity patterns;however,the elevational patterns of plant species and phylogenetic diversity in the eastern Pamir Plateau remain poorly understood.As a biogeographical junction of the Central Asian mountain ranges,the eastern Pamir Plateau in China is geographically connected to the main part of the Pamir Plateau in Tajikistan,resulting in significant climatic and topographical heterogeneity and unique regional vegetation communities.In this study,we established 5 elevational transects and 91 plots (1500–4870 m) in the eastern Pamir Plateau to investigate the patterns and environmental drivers of plant diversity at both regional and local spatial scales.We examined diversity patterns and community composition using regression models and community structure analysis and quantified the relative importance of environmental factors using a random forest model.The results showed a distinct differentiation along elevation gradients,with overall plant diversity,herbaceous plant diversity,and phylogenetic diversity index increasing with elevation,whereas woody plant diversity declined.The phylogenetic structure indices (including net relatedness index and nearest taxon index) exhibited heterogeneous elevational responses,indicating that community assembly was jointly driven by environmental filtering and niche differentiation.Soil nutrients,water availability,and temperature were the primary environmental drivers,with soil factors predominantly influencing herbaceous plant diversity,while climatic variables dominated woody plant diversity.These findings demonstrate that plant diversity along elevational gradients of the eastern Pamir Plateau exhibits the characteristic patterns of a unique arid mountain ecosystem,where enhanced soil fertility and moderate moisture at higher elevations partly offset energy limitations,thereby maintaining plant diversity through functional convergence of closely related lineages.This pattern of biodiversity maintenance contrasts with the divergence-driven community assembly processes commonly observed in humid mountain systems.Overall,this study contributes to a better understanding of biodiversity maintenance in the eastern Pamir Plateau.Given its geographical continuity with the Pamir Plateau in Tajikistan,our findings can provide a basis for alpine conservation efforts across arid Central Asia.
基金supported by the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(Grant Nos.ZK[2022]540 and[2023]099)the Survey of Amphibian and Reptile Resources in Leigongshan Nature Reserve and Literature Publishing Services(P5226002023000019).
文摘Dear Editor,Understanding patterns of species diversity is a primary research focus in macroecology,with its distribution patterns having been described and theoretically validated on a global scale(Peters et al.,2016;Sonne et al.,2025).Numerous studies have found that species richness of different taxa tends to decrease with increasing elevation and is modulated by latitudinal gradients(Peters et al.,2016;Dolson et al.,2024).This principle provides a crucial scientific basis for regional conservation planning.However,it still exhibits significant variations across different mountain ranges and taxa.
文摘Despite Morocco's reliance on sunflower as an oilseed crop,little is known about its agronomic performance when sown in autumn or early winter.This knowledge gap is critical,as spring-sown varieties have shown declining performance in recent years under intensifying climate stress.Therefore,targeted breeding strategies could discover genotypes suitable for autumn or early winter sowing,with cold tolerance as a key selection criterion.Currently,‘Ichraq'is the only autumn-planted sunflower variety officially registered in Morocco,although efforts to release additional tolerant varieties are underway.This study evaluated 31 genotypes(MGB1to MGB31)selected from various environments under autumn planting conditions and conserved in the Moroccan Gene Bank.These genotypes were planted in early winter at a mountainous site known for its pronounced winter cold.Eighteen Morphological,physiological and agronomic parameters including initial vigor,leaf area,seed yield,oil content etc.,were assessed using both univariate and multivariate statistical approaches.Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences across most traits,indicating substantial genetic variation.Notably,seed oil content ranged from 23.28%(MGB26)to 43.88%(MGB5),and seed yield from1400 kg/ha(MGB7)to 5400 kg/ha(MGB8).Principal component analysis(PCA)identified that the first principal component,accounting for over 24%of the total phenotypic variance,exhibits a strong positive loading of yield-related traits and chlorophyll content,while displaying a pronounced negative loading for oil content variables.This opposing gradient indicates a clear trade-off between vegetative productivity and oil accumulation across the evaluated genotypes.Hierarchical cluster analysis resolved the germplasm into two principal clusters with high within-group similarity,each further partitioned into relatively homogeneous subgroups.Notably,several genotypes outperformed the control variety Ichraq,underscoring their potential for autumn or early winter cultivation.Nonetheless,essential multi-environment trials remain to validate their phenotypic stability and to ascertain their value as genetic resources for sunflower breeding programs in Morocco and other Mediterranean agro-ecosystems.
文摘Subtropical evergreen sub-montane forests in Punjab,Pakistan,are vital for carbon sequestration and play an essential role in supporting local communities.While the global importance of tree species diversity in enhancing aboveground carbon(AGC)storage is well established,there remains limited empirical evidence from Pakistan’s forest ecosystems.This study investigated how taxonomic and functional diversity,alongside topographical variables,influence AGC across four districts in Punjab.Taxonomic metrics such as the Importance Value Index(IVI)and genus richness were computed,along with functional diversity indices including functional richness(FRic),functional dispersion(FDis),functional divergence(FDiv),and functional evenness(FEve).AGC was estimated using species-specific allometric equations,and linear mixed-effects models were applied to identify the most influential predictors.Acacia modesta and A.nilotica emerged as the dominant species in the studied sites.While species richness and biomass increased with elevation,Shannon diversity showed a negative relationship with elevation.AGC values ranged from 100 to 350 Mg ha⁻¹across the study sites.Among diversity metrics,FRic(0.042)and FDis(0.342)were significantly associated with higher AGC,whereas taxonomic diversity measures showed weaker correlations.Although elevation was a strong predictor of diversity patterns,it did not have a significant direct effect on carbon storage.These findings underscore the importance of incorporating functional trait diversity and topographic variability into forest management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration,strengthen ecosystem resilience and support sustainable rural livelihoods.
