De nos jours,des quatre coins du monde,des personnes de différents pays peuvent admirer les mêmes films,suivre la même mode et recevoir les mêmes chanes de télévision.De grandes marques...De nos jours,des quatre coins du monde,des personnes de différents pays peuvent admirer les mêmes films,suivre la même mode et recevoir les mêmes chanes de télévision.De grandes marques de pays comme les Etats-Unis ou le Japon conquièrent les marchés aux détriments des produits展开更多
Mesdames et messieurs,bonjour ! Pour commencer,je vous invite à faire un voyage imaginaire en Chine antique. Vous allez créer une image selon ce que je vous décris ici :il y a 1000 ans,une troupe de ma...Mesdames et messieurs,bonjour ! Pour commencer,je vous invite à faire un voyage imaginaire en Chine antique. Vous allez créer une image selon ce que je vous décris ici :il y a 1000 ans,une troupe de marchands arabes,accompagnés de leurs chameaux,traversait la Route de la Soie qui les amenait de l'ouest de la Chine jusqu'en Europe. Ces Arabes ne savaient certainement pas qu'ils feraient figure de précurseurs de la mondialisation - un phénomène majeur à l'aube du 3e millénaire de l'humanité.展开更多
Depuis une dizaine d'années,on a beaucoup discuté de la mondialisation. Après un siècle de développement,elle est entrée dans tous les domaines de notre vie,au fur et à mesure de...Depuis une dizaine d'années,on a beaucoup discuté de la mondialisation. Après un siècle de développement,elle est entrée dans tous les domaines de notre vie,au fur et à mesure des progrès techniques et scientifiques.展开更多
Plant germplasm resources is the material foundation and key point for agricultural production, crop breeding and bioengineering. China is one of the centers for the origin of the cultivated plants worldwide, as well ...Plant germplasm resources is the material foundation and key point for agricultural production, crop breeding and bioengineering. China is one of the centers for the origin of the cultivated plants worldwide, as well as one of the countries with most abundant plant resources and the highest biodiversity. Strengthening research in the conservation and utilization of plant germplasm resources is of significant value and importance. In this study, the present status of conservation, utilization, and existing problems of plant germplasm resources in China and around the world were reviewed; further, through analyzing measures taken by global countries for plant germplasm resources protection, countermeasures for plant germplasm resources conservation in China were also presented from three aspects, namely, collection and conservation, information network construction and national legislation and policies.展开更多
Mixed or chloride salty ions dominate in saline soils, and exert wide-ranging adversely affect on soil biological processes and soil functions. The objectives of this study were to（1） explore the impacts of mixed（0...Mixed or chloride salty ions dominate in saline soils, and exert wide-ranging adversely affect on soil biological processes and soil functions. The objectives of this study were to（1） explore the impacts of mixed（0, 3, 6, 10, 20 and 40 g Cl–/SO42–salt/kg dry soil） and chloride（0, 1.5, 3, 5, 8 and 15 g Cl– salt/kg dry soil） salts on soil enzyme activities, soil physiological functional（Biolog） profiles and microbial community structure by using soil enzymatic, Biolog-Eco microplates as well as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DEEG） methods, and（2） determine the threshold concentration of soil electronic conductivity（EC1：5） on maintaining the functional and structural diversity of soil microbial community. The addition of either Cl– or mixed Cl–/SO42–salt obviously increased soil EC, but adversely affected soil biological activities including soil invertase activity, soil microbial biomass carbon（MBC） and substrate-induced respiration（SIR）. Cl– salt showed a greater deleterious influence than mixed Cl–/SO42–salt on soil enzymes and MBC, e.g., the higher soil MBC consistently appeared with Cl–/SO42–instead of Cl– treated soil. Meanwhile, we found that SIR was more reliable than soil basal respiration（SBR） on explaining the changes of soil biological activity responsive to salt disturbance. In addition, microbial community structures of the soil bacteria, fungi, and Bacillus were obviously affected by both salt types and soil EC levels, and its diversity increased with increasing of mixed Cl–/SO42–salt rates, and then sharply declined down after it reached critical point. Moreover, the diversity of fungal community was more sensitive to the mixed salt addition than other groups. The response of soil physiological profiles（Biolog） followed a dose-response pattern with Cl–（R2=0.83） or mixed Cl–/SO42–（R2=0.89） salt. The critical threshold concentrations of salts for soil physiological function were 0.45 d S/m for Cl– and 1.26 d S/m for Cl–/SO42–, and those for soil microbial community structural diversity were 0.70 d S/m for Cl– and 1.75 d S/m for Cl–/SO42–.展开更多
为了解湖北省恩施市巴东地区豆瓣酱中微生物的多样性,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,分析豆瓣酱中细菌16 S rRNA及真菌18 S rRNAV4区基因序列,进而比较豆瓣酱微生物的群落结构组成及多样性差异。结果3个样品共获得117644条有效序列,...为了解湖北省恩施市巴东地区豆瓣酱中微生物的多样性,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,分析豆瓣酱中细菌16 S rRNA及真菌18 S rRNAV4区基因序列,进而比较豆瓣酱微生物的群落结构组成及多样性差异。结果3个样品共获得117644条有效序列,867个OTUs数目。多样性分析表明,豆瓣酱中具有高度的微生物群落多样性。微生物群落组成分析表明,样品中子囊菌门(Ascomycota,95.84%)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria,47.13%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,32.37%)、放线菌(Actinobacteria,12.87%)为优势菌门,所占比例都超过了10.0%。在豆瓣酱样品中分别鉴定出311个细菌属和16个真菌属,优势细菌和真菌属平均相对含量分别为8.09%和24.74%,细菌及真菌多样性在属的水平上差异显著(p<0.05)。研究结果加深了对豆瓣酱微生物群落组成和多样性的认识,以期为巴东地区豆瓣酱中微生物菌种资源的发掘与保护提供理论依据。展开更多
【目的】分析中川208四个器官(根、茎、叶、花)的细菌群落多样性与物种组成,为利用中川208内生细菌资源提供科学依据。【方法】以中川208的根、茎、叶、花为研究对象,采用高通量测序与生物信息学分析方法,解析中川208不同器官内生细菌...【目的】分析中川208四个器官(根、茎、叶、花)的细菌群落多样性与物种组成,为利用中川208内生细菌资源提供科学依据。【方法】以中川208的根、茎、叶、花为研究对象,采用高通量测序与生物信息学分析方法,解析中川208不同器官内生细菌的群落结构与物种组成,探讨植物养分特征对优势细菌菌群的调控作用。【结果】(1)从中川208四种样品中共获得5460条特征序列(amplicon sequence variants:ASVs),归属于19门、72纲、161目、285科和389属。(2)各样本的细菌群落多样性为根>茎≥花>叶。Beta多样性和聚类分析表明,中川208的根和叶内生细菌群落组成较相似,与花和茎有明显区别。(3)物种组成上,根、茎、叶内以变形菌门和放线菌门相对丰度最高,花中以厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度最高。LEfSe分析结果表明,中川208不同器官中的细菌群落构成在属水平上存在显著差异性,特别是细菌属不动杆菌、短波单胞菌、异根瘤菌、芽孢杆菌、金黄杆菌、肠杆菌、另枝菌、毛螺菌、普拉梭菌、瘤胃球菌和Rosenbergiella的相对丰度在茎、叶、花内差异显著。(4)冗余分析表明,烟株总N(R2=0.730, P <0.001)、总糖(R2=0.883, P <0.001)和Mg(R2=0.907, P <0.01)含量与各器官中的优势细菌群落分布密切相关。【结论】中川208内生细菌群落多样性自根依次向花、茎、叶呈递减趋势,且不同器官中的内生细菌群落在物种组成上具有明显差异性。中川208植物器官中存在多种显著富集的细菌菌群,值得进一步研究与开发利用。展开更多
文摘De nos jours,des quatre coins du monde,des personnes de différents pays peuvent admirer les mêmes films,suivre la même mode et recevoir les mêmes chanes de télévision.De grandes marques de pays comme les Etats-Unis ou le Japon conquièrent les marchés aux détriments des produits
文摘Mesdames et messieurs,bonjour ! Pour commencer,je vous invite à faire un voyage imaginaire en Chine antique. Vous allez créer une image selon ce que je vous décris ici :il y a 1000 ans,une troupe de marchands arabes,accompagnés de leurs chameaux,traversait la Route de la Soie qui les amenait de l'ouest de la Chine jusqu'en Europe. Ces Arabes ne savaient certainement pas qu'ils feraient figure de précurseurs de la mondialisation - un phénomène majeur à l'aube du 3e millénaire de l'humanité.
文摘Depuis une dizaine d'années,on a beaucoup discuté de la mondialisation. Après un siècle de développement,elle est entrée dans tous les domaines de notre vie,au fur et à mesure des progrès techniques et scientifiques.
基金Supported by the Beijing Nova Program(2008B37)the Major Research Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology(D131100000413001)+2 种基金National Key Technologies R&D Program(2012BAK26B03)the Special Fund for Construction of Scientific and Technological Innovation Ability of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciencesthe Special Research Fund for the Youth of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(QNJJ201211)~~
文摘Plant germplasm resources is the material foundation and key point for agricultural production, crop breeding and bioengineering. China is one of the centers for the origin of the cultivated plants worldwide, as well as one of the countries with most abundant plant resources and the highest biodiversity. Strengthening research in the conservation and utilization of plant germplasm resources is of significant value and importance. In this study, the present status of conservation, utilization, and existing problems of plant germplasm resources in China and around the world were reviewed; further, through analyzing measures taken by global countries for plant germplasm resources protection, countermeasures for plant germplasm resources conservation in China were also presented from three aspects, namely, collection and conservation, information network construction and national legislation and policies.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program(2016YFC0501404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41461064)
文摘Mixed or chloride salty ions dominate in saline soils, and exert wide-ranging adversely affect on soil biological processes and soil functions. The objectives of this study were to（1） explore the impacts of mixed（0, 3, 6, 10, 20 and 40 g Cl–/SO42–salt/kg dry soil） and chloride（0, 1.5, 3, 5, 8 and 15 g Cl– salt/kg dry soil） salts on soil enzyme activities, soil physiological functional（Biolog） profiles and microbial community structure by using soil enzymatic, Biolog-Eco microplates as well as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DEEG） methods, and（2） determine the threshold concentration of soil electronic conductivity（EC1：5） on maintaining the functional and structural diversity of soil microbial community. The addition of either Cl– or mixed Cl–/SO42–salt obviously increased soil EC, but adversely affected soil biological activities including soil invertase activity, soil microbial biomass carbon（MBC） and substrate-induced respiration（SIR）. Cl– salt showed a greater deleterious influence than mixed Cl–/SO42–salt on soil enzymes and MBC, e.g., the higher soil MBC consistently appeared with Cl–/SO42–instead of Cl– treated soil. Meanwhile, we found that SIR was more reliable than soil basal respiration（SBR） on explaining the changes of soil biological activity responsive to salt disturbance. In addition, microbial community structures of the soil bacteria, fungi, and Bacillus were obviously affected by both salt types and soil EC levels, and its diversity increased with increasing of mixed Cl–/SO42–salt rates, and then sharply declined down after it reached critical point. Moreover, the diversity of fungal community was more sensitive to the mixed salt addition than other groups. The response of soil physiological profiles（Biolog） followed a dose-response pattern with Cl–（R2=0.83） or mixed Cl–/SO42–（R2=0.89） salt. The critical threshold concentrations of salts for soil physiological function were 0.45 d S/m for Cl– and 1.26 d S/m for Cl–/SO42–, and those for soil microbial community structural diversity were 0.70 d S/m for Cl– and 1.75 d S/m for Cl–/SO42–.
文摘为了解湖北省恩施市巴东地区豆瓣酱中微生物的多样性,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,分析豆瓣酱中细菌16 S rRNA及真菌18 S rRNAV4区基因序列,进而比较豆瓣酱微生物的群落结构组成及多样性差异。结果3个样品共获得117644条有效序列,867个OTUs数目。多样性分析表明,豆瓣酱中具有高度的微生物群落多样性。微生物群落组成分析表明,样品中子囊菌门(Ascomycota,95.84%)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria,47.13%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,32.37%)、放线菌(Actinobacteria,12.87%)为优势菌门,所占比例都超过了10.0%。在豆瓣酱样品中分别鉴定出311个细菌属和16个真菌属,优势细菌和真菌属平均相对含量分别为8.09%和24.74%,细菌及真菌多样性在属的水平上差异显著(p<0.05)。研究结果加深了对豆瓣酱微生物群落组成和多样性的认识,以期为巴东地区豆瓣酱中微生物菌种资源的发掘与保护提供理论依据。
文摘【目的】分析中川208四个器官(根、茎、叶、花)的细菌群落多样性与物种组成,为利用中川208内生细菌资源提供科学依据。【方法】以中川208的根、茎、叶、花为研究对象,采用高通量测序与生物信息学分析方法,解析中川208不同器官内生细菌的群落结构与物种组成,探讨植物养分特征对优势细菌菌群的调控作用。【结果】(1)从中川208四种样品中共获得5460条特征序列(amplicon sequence variants:ASVs),归属于19门、72纲、161目、285科和389属。(2)各样本的细菌群落多样性为根>茎≥花>叶。Beta多样性和聚类分析表明,中川208的根和叶内生细菌群落组成较相似,与花和茎有明显区别。(3)物种组成上,根、茎、叶内以变形菌门和放线菌门相对丰度最高,花中以厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度最高。LEfSe分析结果表明,中川208不同器官中的细菌群落构成在属水平上存在显著差异性,特别是细菌属不动杆菌、短波单胞菌、异根瘤菌、芽孢杆菌、金黄杆菌、肠杆菌、另枝菌、毛螺菌、普拉梭菌、瘤胃球菌和Rosenbergiella的相对丰度在茎、叶、花内差异显著。(4)冗余分析表明,烟株总N(R2=0.730, P <0.001)、总糖(R2=0.883, P <0.001)和Mg(R2=0.907, P <0.01)含量与各器官中的优势细菌群落分布密切相关。【结论】中川208内生细菌群落多样性自根依次向花、茎、叶呈递减趋势,且不同器官中的内生细菌群落在物种组成上具有明显差异性。中川208植物器官中存在多种显著富集的细菌菌群,值得进一步研究与开发利用。
