Payment for ecosystem services is a concept of environmental protection and method of environmental management that has ＂purchasing conservation＂ as a major feature and has grown around the world since the 1990 s. I...Payment for ecosystem services is a concept of environmental protection and method of environmental management that has ＂purchasing conservation＂ as a major feature and has grown around the world since the 1990 s. It is stressed by the school of environmental economics that as a voluntary mechanism of exchange between ecological service providers and demanders, payments for ecosystem services can help to increase inputs and improve efficiency. Ecological economics holds that the ecological system and the complexity of the policy environment restrict the functional space of market mechanisms. The negative influence of the objective of giving priority to efficiency on environmental protection and social fairness cannot be neglected; therefore, the exchange mechanism is just one type of eco-compensation models. Here, we posit that payments for ecosystem services is a good tool for environmental protection and increases inputs and efficiency. Although payment for ecosystem services is confronted with challenges in application, it is playing an increasingly important role in the field of ecological services with a relatively high degree of commodification. Payments for ecosystem services can also increase the cost effectiveness of publicly managed environmental projects with the cooperation of other policy tools.展开更多
With the advancement of the new curriculum reform and the continuous deepening of quality education, various new teaching modes are growing rapidly, changing the original single teaching mode and making classroom teac...With the advancement of the new curriculum reform and the continuous deepening of quality education, various new teaching modes are growing rapidly, changing the original single teaching mode and making classroom teaching more diversified. Junior high school Chinese applies diversified teaching mode, which enables students to learn and understand Chinese problems in a more flexible way, cultivates students' interest in learning, develops students' thinking ability and enhances students' accumulation. Based on the analysis of the application of diversified teaching mode in junior high school Chinese teaching, this paper puts forward some corresponding suggestions.展开更多
基金the National Science and Technology Support Program(2013BAC03B05)Monographic study of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences"Research of Eco-Compensation Experience in Developed Countries"
文摘Payment for ecosystem services is a concept of environmental protection and method of environmental management that has ＂purchasing conservation＂ as a major feature and has grown around the world since the 1990 s. It is stressed by the school of environmental economics that as a voluntary mechanism of exchange between ecological service providers and demanders, payments for ecosystem services can help to increase inputs and improve efficiency. Ecological economics holds that the ecological system and the complexity of the policy environment restrict the functional space of market mechanisms. The negative influence of the objective of giving priority to efficiency on environmental protection and social fairness cannot be neglected; therefore, the exchange mechanism is just one type of eco-compensation models. Here, we posit that payments for ecosystem services is a good tool for environmental protection and increases inputs and efficiency. Although payment for ecosystem services is confronted with challenges in application, it is playing an increasingly important role in the field of ecological services with a relatively high degree of commodification. Payments for ecosystem services can also increase the cost effectiveness of publicly managed environmental projects with the cooperation of other policy tools.
文摘With the advancement of the new curriculum reform and the continuous deepening of quality education, various new teaching modes are growing rapidly, changing the original single teaching mode and making classroom teaching more diversified. Junior high school Chinese applies diversified teaching mode, which enables students to learn and understand Chinese problems in a more flexible way, cultivates students' interest in learning, develops students' thinking ability and enhances students' accumulation. Based on the analysis of the application of diversified teaching mode in junior high school Chinese teaching, this paper puts forward some corresponding suggestions.
