Diversification Strategy, or called Multi-operatio ns Strategy, means the strategy taken by enterprises engaging two or more kinds of material or labor products for different economic uses in the same time. It is H.Ig...Diversification Strategy, or called Multi-operatio ns Strategy, means the strategy taken by enterprises engaging two or more kinds of material or labor products for different economic uses in the same time. It is H.Igor Ansoff who was a great economics master famous with his Product-mark et Strategy theory announced in the 1950’s. Coming out of practice of some others, we may draw a conclusion that it looks li ke each of enterprise expansions reduces operating-risk. But in fact, the enter prise probably gains more troubles and enlarges overall-risk if it takes a dive rsified expansion neither concerned with its former vocations nor familiar w ith the new trade it carries on at all. Basic principles of diversification strategy Diversification Strategy leads an enterprise into new trades that it has nev er encountered before. But in the new domain, it will be much stranger in pr oduction, marketing, technology, information and management, and the risk comes to a higher degree. A stable, sturdy and superior major-business is the fundame ntal prerequisite for an enterprise’s existence and development, and also the ba sic premise of taking Diversification Strategy. But major-business with great superiority to others should not be considere d as an assurance of profits in new diversified expansion. It is also one of the most important things to analyze circumstances of the trade we newly encountere d and make a decision among different developing choices. To Diversification Str ategy, the decision means a lot. Fundamental forms of diversification strategy It is with great meaning to choose a proper form of diversification strategy and make choice among entering different developing fields. An enterprise should ch oose developing directions according to its management and strategy objectiv es fit for its resident environments. According to the different diversification levels, we may divide all enterprises taking diversification strategy into four groups: 1) Simple Business Corporation; 2) Major Business Corporation; 3) R elated- diversified Corporation; 4) Non-related diversified Corporation. After gaining knowledge about the basic conditions and forms, analysis about the advantages and disadvantages is quite important to handle the scale of diversif ication strategy. Ⅰ Advantages in Diversification: 1) Fewer risks in operating an enterprise; 2) Trying new profitable fields and keeping a continuous development; 3) Making a good use of original intangible assets and sharing resources altoget her; 4) Easier to achieve the purpose of expand and finally monopolize the market. Ⅱ Disadvantages in Diversification: The operating-risk may be reduced through taking diversification strategy and m ake diversified investment, but the enterprise will encounter new risks with ent ering new trades. Those risks include: 1) Financial risk; 2) Risks in organization and administration; 3) Risk of assets’ decentralization; 4) Risk of unsymmetrical information. Diversification strategy is a two-edge blade. The result that whether it benefi ts or does harm to the enterprise always depends on whether the enterprise takes proper developing directions according to its environments or not.展开更多
With the intensified competition in the capital market,the continuous development of internet finance,and the gradual loosening of market regulation,the profit pressure on securities firms relying on traditional busin...With the intensified competition in the capital market,the continuous development of internet finance,and the gradual loosening of market regulation,the profit pressure on securities firms relying on traditional business is increasing.In order to seek new profit growth points,many securities firms have ventured into business diversification,but with varying results.From the perspective of enterprise operational sustainability,econometric methods are used to explore the relationship between the diversification and business performance of securities firms in China,putting forward diversification strategies suitable for these firms.展开更多
The strategy of diversification has become an important approach to enterprise development. A success- ful diversification strategy depends mainly on the correct business choice.Before choosing a new business,we must ...The strategy of diversification has become an important approach to enterprise development. A success- ful diversification strategy depends mainly on the correct business choice.Before choosing a new business,we must identify the core competencies of the enterprise and research the attraction and critical success factors of the target business.Then we should make sure whether the core competencies match the critical success factors or not. The new business should be useful for cultivating sustainable competitive advantage.展开更多
Based on the earlier work, this paper re-examines the relationship between diversification and corporate performance and finds a statistically significant U-shape relationship in the Chinese market. The result is test...Based on the earlier work, this paper re-examines the relationship between diversification and corporate performance and finds a statistically significant U-shape relationship in the Chinese market. The result is tested and confirmed for robustness by controlling for the firm size, age and indusu＇y effects. The findings do not support the notion that diversification is a return-reducing strategy and the understanding in the western economic and financial literature about diversification performance may not be automatically applicable to the case of China.展开更多
Children are the future of the motherland. In the process of education and teaching reform, children should be able to be placed in the social environment of ecological development, so as to be able to better implemen...Children are the future of the motherland. In the process of education and teaching reform, children should be able to be placed in the social environment of ecological development, so as to be able to better implement the educational content and educational strategies for children to understand and protect the ecological environment. Kindergarten education and teaching activities are based on children's actual needs and physical and mental development characteristics, and carry out educational innovation. While continuously stimulating children's awareness of independent learning, kindergarten education and teaching activities can also imperceptibly construct ecological environment and practical activities, so that diversified and refined educational strategies can be applied to ecological education. In kindergarten education, suitable ecological education concepts should be created for children, so that children can form personalized development advantages, correctly treat ecological concepts, obtain effective progress and improve thinking ability under the condition of sustainable development of education while combining children's environmental cognitive characteristics and ecological awareness.展开更多
This study examines the link between stocks and decentralized finance(DeFi)in terms of returns and volatility.Major G7 exchange-traded funds(ETFs)and various highly traded DeFi assets are considered to ensure the robu...This study examines the link between stocks and decentralized finance(DeFi)in terms of returns and volatility.Major G7 exchange-traded funds(ETFs)and various highly traded DeFi assets are considered to ensure the robustness of the empirical experiment.Specifically,this study applies the vector autoregression generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity(VAR-GARCH)model to examine the information transmission of these two markets on a two-way basis and the dynamic conditional correlation(DCC)-GARCH model to assess the bivariate correlation structure between each DeFi and ETF pair.The volatility spillover analysis proves a contagion effect occurred between different geographic markets,and even between markets of different natures and typologies,during the most turbulent moments of the COVID-19 crisis and the war in the Ukraine.Our results also reveal a weak positive correlation between most DeFi and ETF pairs and positive hedge ratios that approach unity during turbulent times.In addition,DeFi assets,except for the Bazaar(BZR)Protocol,can offer diversification gains when included in financial investment portfolios.These results are particularly relevant for portfolio managers and policy-makers when designing investment strategies,especially during periods of financial crisis.展开更多
文摘Diversification Strategy, or called Multi-operatio ns Strategy, means the strategy taken by enterprises engaging two or more kinds of material or labor products for different economic uses in the same time. It is H.Igor Ansoff who was a great economics master famous with his Product-mark et Strategy theory announced in the 1950’s. Coming out of practice of some others, we may draw a conclusion that it looks li ke each of enterprise expansions reduces operating-risk. But in fact, the enter prise probably gains more troubles and enlarges overall-risk if it takes a dive rsified expansion neither concerned with its former vocations nor familiar w ith the new trade it carries on at all. Basic principles of diversification strategy Diversification Strategy leads an enterprise into new trades that it has nev er encountered before. But in the new domain, it will be much stranger in pr oduction, marketing, technology, information and management, and the risk comes to a higher degree. A stable, sturdy and superior major-business is the fundame ntal prerequisite for an enterprise’s existence and development, and also the ba sic premise of taking Diversification Strategy. But major-business with great superiority to others should not be considere d as an assurance of profits in new diversified expansion. It is also one of the most important things to analyze circumstances of the trade we newly encountere d and make a decision among different developing choices. To Diversification Str ategy, the decision means a lot. Fundamental forms of diversification strategy It is with great meaning to choose a proper form of diversification strategy and make choice among entering different developing fields. An enterprise should ch oose developing directions according to its management and strategy objectiv es fit for its resident environments. According to the different diversification levels, we may divide all enterprises taking diversification strategy into four groups: 1) Simple Business Corporation; 2) Major Business Corporation; 3) R elated- diversified Corporation; 4) Non-related diversified Corporation. After gaining knowledge about the basic conditions and forms, analysis about the advantages and disadvantages is quite important to handle the scale of diversif ication strategy. Ⅰ Advantages in Diversification: 1) Fewer risks in operating an enterprise; 2) Trying new profitable fields and keeping a continuous development; 3) Making a good use of original intangible assets and sharing resources altoget her; 4) Easier to achieve the purpose of expand and finally monopolize the market. Ⅱ Disadvantages in Diversification: The operating-risk may be reduced through taking diversification strategy and m ake diversified investment, but the enterprise will encounter new risks with ent ering new trades. Those risks include: 1) Financial risk; 2) Risks in organization and administration; 3) Risk of assets’ decentralization; 4) Risk of unsymmetrical information. Diversification strategy is a two-edge blade. The result that whether it benefi ts or does harm to the enterprise always depends on whether the enterprise takes proper developing directions according to its environments or not.
文摘With the intensified competition in the capital market,the continuous development of internet finance,and the gradual loosening of market regulation,the profit pressure on securities firms relying on traditional business is increasing.In order to seek new profit growth points,many securities firms have ventured into business diversification,but with varying results.From the perspective of enterprise operational sustainability,econometric methods are used to explore the relationship between the diversification and business performance of securities firms in China,putting forward diversification strategies suitable for these firms.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation ofChina,grantNO.79870031
文摘The strategy of diversification has become an important approach to enterprise development. A success- ful diversification strategy depends mainly on the correct business choice.Before choosing a new business,we must identify the core competencies of the enterprise and research the attraction and critical success factors of the target business.Then we should make sure whether the core competencies match the critical success factors or not. The new business should be useful for cultivating sustainable competitive advantage.
文摘Based on the earlier work, this paper re-examines the relationship between diversification and corporate performance and finds a statistically significant U-shape relationship in the Chinese market. The result is tested and confirmed for robustness by controlling for the firm size, age and indusu＇y effects. The findings do not support the notion that diversification is a return-reducing strategy and the understanding in the western economic and financial literature about diversification performance may not be automatically applicable to the case of China.
文摘Children are the future of the motherland. In the process of education and teaching reform, children should be able to be placed in the social environment of ecological development, so as to be able to better implement the educational content and educational strategies for children to understand and protect the ecological environment. Kindergarten education and teaching activities are based on children's actual needs and physical and mental development characteristics, and carry out educational innovation. While continuously stimulating children's awareness of independent learning, kindergarten education and teaching activities can also imperceptibly construct ecological environment and practical activities, so that diversified and refined educational strategies can be applied to ecological education. In kindergarten education, suitable ecological education concepts should be created for children, so that children can form personalized development advantages, correctly treat ecological concepts, obtain effective progress and improve thinking ability under the condition of sustainable development of education while combining children's environmental cognitive characteristics and ecological awareness.
基金supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion(PID2021-128829NB-100)funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033+1 种基金by"ERDF A way of making Europe'as wellas the Junta de Comunidades de Castlla-La Mancha(SBPLY/21/180501/000086)the Universidad de Castlla-La Mancha(2022-GRIN-34491),both of which were co-financed with ERDF funds.
文摘This study examines the link between stocks and decentralized finance(DeFi)in terms of returns and volatility.Major G7 exchange-traded funds(ETFs)and various highly traded DeFi assets are considered to ensure the robustness of the empirical experiment.Specifically,this study applies the vector autoregression generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity(VAR-GARCH)model to examine the information transmission of these two markets on a two-way basis and the dynamic conditional correlation(DCC)-GARCH model to assess the bivariate correlation structure between each DeFi and ETF pair.The volatility spillover analysis proves a contagion effect occurred between different geographic markets,and even between markets of different natures and typologies,during the most turbulent moments of the COVID-19 crisis and the war in the Ukraine.Our results also reveal a weak positive correlation between most DeFi and ETF pairs and positive hedge ratios that approach unity during turbulent times.In addition,DeFi assets,except for the Bazaar(BZR)Protocol,can offer diversification gains when included in financial investment portfolios.These results are particularly relevant for portfolio managers and policy-makers when designing investment strategies,especially during periods of financial crisis.
