Peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading provides a promising solution for integrating distributed microgrids(MGs).However,most existing research works on P2P energy trading among MGs ignore the influence of the dynamic networ...Peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading provides a promising solution for integrating distributed microgrids(MGs).However,most existing research works on P2P energy trading among MGs ignore the influence of the dynamic network usage fees imposed by the distribution system operator(DSO).Therefore,a method of P2P energy trading among MGs based on the optimal dynamic network usage fees is proposed in this paper to balance the benefits of DSO.The interaction between DSO and MG is formulated as a Stackelberg game,in which the existence and uniqueness of optimal dynamic network usage fees are proven.Additionally,the optimal dynamic network usage fees are obtained by transforming the bi-level problem into single-level mixed-integer quadratic programming using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions.Furthermore,the underlying relationship among optimal dynamic network usage fees,electrical distance,and power flow is revealed,and the mechanism of the optimal dynamic network usage fee can further enhance P2P energy trading among MGs.Finally,simulation results on an enhanced IEEE 33-bus system demonstrate that the proposed mechanism achieves a 17.08%reduction in operation costs for MG while increasing DSO revenue by 15.36%.展开更多
It is to be expected that the number of electric vehicles will be growing in the near future. This trend comes together with the development of smaller decentralized generation units, like PV （photo voltaic）. Togeth...It is to be expected that the number of electric vehicles will be growing in the near future. This trend comes together with the development of smaller decentralized generation units, like PV （photo voltaic）. Together with the change on demand side that comes with the global ＂electrification＂, this can lead to serious grid congestion in low voltage grids and massive grid investments in solving this congestion. Smart charging can partly solve this issue, but with using a connected EV （electric vehicle） as a small distribution unit, combined with bi-directional charging or V2G （vehicle-to-grid） technology, these investments can be reduced to a minimum. In Lombok, Utrecht, the Netherlands, an innovative pilot was initiated with smart solar charging stations, shared electric vehicles and AC （alternating current） V2G technology. This unique combination proves that EVs are an opportunity for the grid rather than a threat. A unique partnership with OEM Renault was established to develop an AC V2G vehicle product line and work on open standardized communication between the EV, the charging station and the grid.展开更多
Emissions from the internal combustion engine(ICE) vehicles are one of the primary cause of air pollution and climate change. In recent years, electric vehicles(EVs) are becoming a more sensible alternative to these I...Emissions from the internal combustion engine(ICE) vehicles are one of the primary cause of air pollution and climate change. In recent years, electric vehicles(EVs) are becoming a more sensible alternative to these ICE vehicles. With the recent breakthroughs in battery technology and large-scale production, EVs are becoming cheaper. In the near future,mass deployment of EVs will put severe stress on the existing electrical power system(EPS). Optimal scheduling of EVs can reduce the stress on the existing network while accommodating large-scale integration of EVs. The integration of these EVs can provide several economic benefits to different players in the energy market. In this paper, recent works related to the integration of EV with EPS are classified based on their relevance to different players in the electricity market. This classification refers to four players: generation company(GENCO), distribution system operator(DSO), EV aggregator, and end user. Further classification is done based on scheduling or charging strategies used for the grid integration of EVs. This paper provides a comprehensive review of technical challenges in the grid integration of EVs along with their solution based on optimal scheduling and controlled charging strategies.展开更多
The exchange of information between transmission system operators(TSOs)and distribution system operators(DSOs)is a common practice.However,the evolution of the regulatory frameworks in Europe has increased the need fo...The exchange of information between transmission system operators(TSOs)and distribution system operators(DSOs)is a common practice.However,the evolution of the regulatory frameworks in Europe has increased the need for enhancing TSO-DSO data exchange and interoperability.This paper provides an overview of the TSO-DSO data exchanges and demonstrates the best practices using International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC)common information model(CIM),including the implementation of IEC common grid model exchange standard(CGMES),and discussion of the corresponding advantages,disadvantages,and challenges.Furthermore,this paper evaluates and reports the activities already carried out within European projects,with particular focus on TSO-DSO interoperability.Finally,this paper concludes the need for TSOs and DSOs to rely on standard-based solutions when performing TSO-DSO data exchange,which enables the efficient operation and development of the future power systems.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52107199)the International Corporation Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.21190780300).
文摘Peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading provides a promising solution for integrating distributed microgrids(MGs).However,most existing research works on P2P energy trading among MGs ignore the influence of the dynamic network usage fees imposed by the distribution system operator(DSO).Therefore,a method of P2P energy trading among MGs based on the optimal dynamic network usage fees is proposed in this paper to balance the benefits of DSO.The interaction between DSO and MG is formulated as a Stackelberg game,in which the existence and uniqueness of optimal dynamic network usage fees are proven.Additionally,the optimal dynamic network usage fees are obtained by transforming the bi-level problem into single-level mixed-integer quadratic programming using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions.Furthermore,the underlying relationship among optimal dynamic network usage fees,electrical distance,and power flow is revealed,and the mechanism of the optimal dynamic network usage fee can further enhance P2P energy trading among MGs.Finally,simulation results on an enhanced IEEE 33-bus system demonstrate that the proposed mechanism achieves a 17.08%reduction in operation costs for MG while increasing DSO revenue by 15.36%.
文摘It is to be expected that the number of electric vehicles will be growing in the near future. This trend comes together with the development of smaller decentralized generation units, like PV （photo voltaic）. Together with the change on demand side that comes with the global ＂electrification＂, this can lead to serious grid congestion in low voltage grids and massive grid investments in solving this congestion. Smart charging can partly solve this issue, but with using a connected EV （electric vehicle） as a small distribution unit, combined with bi-directional charging or V2G （vehicle-to-grid） technology, these investments can be reduced to a minimum. In Lombok, Utrecht, the Netherlands, an innovative pilot was initiated with smart solar charging stations, shared electric vehicles and AC （alternating current） V2G technology. This unique combination proves that EVs are an opportunity for the grid rather than a threat. A unique partnership with OEM Renault was established to develop an AC V2G vehicle product line and work on open standardized communication between the EV, the charging station and the grid.
文摘Emissions from the internal combustion engine(ICE) vehicles are one of the primary cause of air pollution and climate change. In recent years, electric vehicles(EVs) are becoming a more sensible alternative to these ICE vehicles. With the recent breakthroughs in battery technology and large-scale production, EVs are becoming cheaper. In the near future,mass deployment of EVs will put severe stress on the existing electrical power system(EPS). Optimal scheduling of EVs can reduce the stress on the existing network while accommodating large-scale integration of EVs. The integration of these EVs can provide several economic benefits to different players in the energy market. In this paper, recent works related to the integration of EV with EPS are classified based on their relevance to different players in the electricity market. This classification refers to four players: generation company(GENCO), distribution system operator(DSO), EV aggregator, and end user. Further classification is done based on scheduling or charging strategies used for the grid integration of EVs. This paper provides a comprehensive review of technical challenges in the grid integration of EVs along with their solution based on optimal scheduling and controlled charging strategies.
基金the OneNet,TDX-ASSIST,EU-SysFlex,and INTER-RFACE projects funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme(especially under Grants No.957739,No.774500,No.773505,and No.824330).
文摘The exchange of information between transmission system operators(TSOs)and distribution system operators(DSOs)is a common practice.However,the evolution of the regulatory frameworks in Europe has increased the need for enhancing TSO-DSO data exchange and interoperability.This paper provides an overview of the TSO-DSO data exchanges and demonstrates the best practices using International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC)common information model(CIM),including the implementation of IEC common grid model exchange standard(CGMES),and discussion of the corresponding advantages,disadvantages,and challenges.Furthermore,this paper evaluates and reports the activities already carried out within European projects,with particular focus on TSO-DSO interoperability.Finally,this paper concludes the need for TSOs and DSOs to rely on standard-based solutions when performing TSO-DSO data exchange,which enables the efficient operation and development of the future power systems.
