We explore the impact of distributional fairness degree and entanglement degree on the cooperation between different players by investigating a modified prisoner＇s dilemma game. We not only introduce a new concept of...We explore the impact of distributional fairness degree and entanglement degree on the cooperation between different players by investigating a modified prisoner＇s dilemma game. We not only introduce a new concept of distributional fairness degree, but also obtain the cooperation conditions for overcoming dilemma in terms of fairness and entanglement inequalities. It is demonstrated that distributional fairness can be of fundamental importance to promote cooperation with the help of quantum entanglement.展开更多
Income gaps in China kept widening over the past four decades of economic transition. First, this paper describes the change in income gaps before and after reform and opening-up in 1978 and found that income gaps had...Income gaps in China kept widening over the past four decades of economic transition. First, this paper describes the change in income gaps before and after reform and opening-up in 1978 and found that income gaps had been expanding between urban and rural areas, within cities and within the countryside. However, this did not lead to income polarization since low-income groups only had a slower income growth compared with highincome groups. The number of poor people continuously reduced thanks to rapid economic growth. Over the past decade, the widening of income gaps has been initially curbed. Accordingly, we explained the impact of economic transition on income distribution from the perspectives of market-based distribution, ownership structure, opening-up and internal income distribution. Lastly, this paper provides an in-depth analysis on urban-rural income gaps, excessive compensation in monopolistic sectors and income inequalities arising from corruption. To address these problems, it is important to enhance tax regulation, increase transfer payments to poor people, improve social security, equalize public services, enhance poverty relief and develop a fairer income distribution system.展开更多
Cross-silo federated learning(FL),which benefits from relatively abundant data and rich computing power,is drawing increasing focus due to the significant transformations that foundation models(FMs)are instigating in ...Cross-silo federated learning(FL),which benefits from relatively abundant data and rich computing power,is drawing increasing focus due to the significant transformations that foundation models(FMs)are instigating in the artificial intelligence field.The intensified data heterogeneity issue of this area,unlike that in cross-device FL,is caused mainly by substantial data volumes and distribution shifts across clients,which requires algorithms to comprehensively consider the personalization and generalization balance.In this paper,we aim to address the objective of generalized and personalized federated learning(GPFL)by enhancing the global model’s cross-domain generalization capabilities and simultaneously improving the personalization performance of local training clients.By investigating the fairness of performance distribution within the federation system,we explore a new connection between generalization gap and aggregation weights established in previous studies,culminating in the fairness-guided federated training for generalization and personalization(FFT-GP)approach.FFT-GP integrates a fairness-aware aggregation(FAA)approach to minimize the generalization gap variance among training clients and a meta-learning strategy that aligns local training with the global model’s feature distribution,thereby balancing generalization and personalization.Our extensive experimental results demonstrate FFT-GP’s superior efficacy compared to existing models,showcasing its potential to enhance FL systems across a variety of practical scenarios.展开更多
After the snow disaster in south China and the massive earthquake in Sichuan Province in the first half of 2008, the nation showed its support by donating almost 100 billion yuan ($14.3billion). This has prompted a ch...After the snow disaster in south China and the massive earthquake in Sichuan Province in the first half of 2008, the nation showed its support by donating almost 100 billion yuan ($14.3billion). This has prompted a chorus of展开更多
Although the relationship between pay level and pay satisfaction has been verified as one of the most robust relationships in the literature of pay satisfaction, scholars have not yet reached an agreement regarding it...Although the relationship between pay level and pay satisfaction has been verified as one of the most robust relationships in the literature of pay satisfaction, scholars have not yet reached an agreement regarding its underlying mechanisms. The present paper aims to investigate the link between absolute pay level and pay level satisfaction by introducing both distributive and procedural fairness perceptions as mediators in accordance with fairness heuristic perspective. A sample of 298 employees from various types of organizations completed a survey, and a series of models were compared to evaluate if the hypothesized theoretical model fits our data. We also constructed bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals to test the hypothesized mediation effects. The suggested theoretical model is supported, and future research directions are discussed.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61673389,61273202 and 61134008
文摘We explore the impact of distributional fairness degree and entanglement degree on the cooperation between different players by investigating a modified prisoner＇s dilemma game. We not only introduce a new concept of distributional fairness degree, but also obtain the cooperation conditions for overcoming dilemma in terms of fairness and entanglement inequalities. It is demonstrated that distributional fairness can be of fundamental importance to promote cooperation with the help of quantum entanglement.
文摘Income gaps in China kept widening over the past four decades of economic transition. First, this paper describes the change in income gaps before and after reform and opening-up in 1978 and found that income gaps had been expanding between urban and rural areas, within cities and within the countryside. However, this did not lead to income polarization since low-income groups only had a slower income growth compared with highincome groups. The number of poor people continuously reduced thanks to rapid economic growth. Over the past decade, the widening of income gaps has been initially curbed. Accordingly, we explained the impact of economic transition on income distribution from the perspectives of market-based distribution, ownership structure, opening-up and internal income distribution. Lastly, this paper provides an in-depth analysis on urban-rural income gaps, excessive compensation in monopolistic sectors and income inequalities arising from corruption. To address these problems, it is important to enhance tax regulation, increase transfer payments to poor people, improve social security, equalize public services, enhance poverty relief and develop a fairer income distribution system.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022ZD0160702)the STCSM(Nos.22511106101,18DZ2270700,and 21DZ1100-100)+1 种基金the 111 Plan(No.BP0719010)the State Key Laboratory of UHD Video and Audio Production and Presentation。
文摘Cross-silo federated learning(FL),which benefits from relatively abundant data and rich computing power,is drawing increasing focus due to the significant transformations that foundation models(FMs)are instigating in the artificial intelligence field.The intensified data heterogeneity issue of this area,unlike that in cross-device FL,is caused mainly by substantial data volumes and distribution shifts across clients,which requires algorithms to comprehensively consider the personalization and generalization balance.In this paper,we aim to address the objective of generalized and personalized federated learning(GPFL)by enhancing the global model’s cross-domain generalization capabilities and simultaneously improving the personalization performance of local training clients.By investigating the fairness of performance distribution within the federation system,we explore a new connection between generalization gap and aggregation weights established in previous studies,culminating in the fairness-guided federated training for generalization and personalization(FFT-GP)approach.FFT-GP integrates a fairness-aware aggregation(FAA)approach to minimize the generalization gap variance among training clients and a meta-learning strategy that aligns local training with the global model’s feature distribution,thereby balancing generalization and personalization.Our extensive experimental results demonstrate FFT-GP’s superior efficacy compared to existing models,showcasing its potential to enhance FL systems across a variety of practical scenarios.
文摘After the snow disaster in south China and the massive earthquake in Sichuan Province in the first half of 2008, the nation showed its support by donating almost 100 billion yuan ($14.3billion). This has prompted a chorus of
文摘Although the relationship between pay level and pay satisfaction has been verified as one of the most robust relationships in the literature of pay satisfaction, scholars have not yet reached an agreement regarding its underlying mechanisms. The present paper aims to investigate the link between absolute pay level and pay level satisfaction by introducing both distributive and procedural fairness perceptions as mediators in accordance with fairness heuristic perspective. A sample of 298 employees from various types of organizations completed a survey, and a series of models were compared to evaluate if the hypothesized theoretical model fits our data. We also constructed bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals to test the hypothesized mediation effects. The suggested theoretical model is supported, and future research directions are discussed.
