What is a real time agent,how does it remedy ongoing daily frustrations for users,and how does it improve the retrieval performance in World Wide Web?These are the main question we focus on this manuscript.In many dis...What is a real time agent,how does it remedy ongoing daily frustrations for users,and how does it improve the retrieval performance in World Wide Web?These are the main question we focus on this manuscript.In many distributed information retrieval systems,information in agents should be ranked based on a combination of multiple criteria.Linear combination of ranks has been the dominant approach due to its simplicity and effectiveness.Such a combination scheme in distributed infrastructure requires that the ranks in resources or agents are comparable to each other before combined.The main challenge is transforming the raw rank values of different criteria appropriately to make them comparable before any combination.Different ways for ranking agents make this strategy difficult.In this research,we will demonstrate how to rank Web documents based on resource-provided information how to combine several resources raking schemas in one time.The proposed system was implemented specifically in data provided by agents to create a comparable combination for different attributes.The proposed approach was tested on the queries provided by Text Retrieval Conference(TREC).Experimental results showed that our approach is effective and robust compared with offline search platforms.展开更多
Establishing the nutrient reference condition（baseline environmental condition） of lakes in an ecoregion is a critical consideration in the development of scientifically defensible aquatic nutrient criteria.Three me...Establishing the nutrient reference condition（baseline environmental condition） of lakes in an ecoregion is a critical consideration in the development of scientifically defensible aquatic nutrient criteria.Three methods were applied to determine reference conditions in the Eastern plain ecoregion lakes with respect to total phosphorus（TP）,total nitrogen（TN）,planktonic chlorophyll a（Chl-a） and Secchi depth（SD）.The reference condition value for the lakes in the Eastern plain ecoregion by the trisection method is TP of 0.029 mg/L,TN of 0.67 mg/L,Chl-a of 3.92 mg/m 3,SD of 0.85 m,and the reference condition range by the lake population distribution approach is TP of 0.014-0.043 mg/L,TN of 0.360-0.785 mg/L,Chl-a of 1.78-4.73 mg/m 3,SD of 0.68-1.21 m.Additionally,empirical models were developed for estimating the reference Chl-a concentration and SD successfully for lakes in the Eastern plain ecoregion.Overall,the data suggest that multiple methods can be used to determine reference conditions and that in Eastern plain ecoregion lakes the reference condition corresponds to a mesotrophic status.展开更多
Operational risk events have severely impacted the development of third-party payment(TPP)platforms,and have even led to a discussion on the operational risk capital charge settlement by relevant international regulat...Operational risk events have severely impacted the development of third-party payment(TPP)platforms,and have even led to a discussion on the operational risk capital charge settlement by relevant international regulators.However,prior studies have mostly focused on qualitative mechanism analysis,and have rarely examined quantitative risk assessment based on actual operational risk events.Therefore,this study attempts to assess the operational risk on TPP platforms in China by constructing a systematic framework incorporating database construction and risk modeling.First,the operational risk database that covers 202 events between Q1,2014,and Q2,2020 is constructed.Then,specific causes are clarified,and the characteristics are analyzed from both the trend and loss severity perspectives.Finally,the piecewise-defined severity distribution based-Loss Distribution Approach(PSD-LDA)with double truncation is utilized to assess the operational risk.Two main conclusions are drawn from the empirical analysis.First,legal risk and external fraud risk are the two main causes of operational risk.Second,the yearly Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall are 724.46 million yuan and 1081.98 million yuan under the 99.9%significance level,respectively.Our results are beneficial for both TPP platform operators and regulators in managing and controlling operational risk.展开更多
This paper deals with a reinforced cumulative probability distribution approach (CPDA) based method for extracting classification rules.The method includes two phases:(1) automatic generation of the membership functio...This paper deals with a reinforced cumulative probability distribution approach (CPDA) based method for extracting classification rules.The method includes two phases:(1) automatic generation of the membership function,and (2) use of the corresponding linguistic data to extract classification rules.The proposed method can determine suitable interval boundaries for any given dataset based on its own characteristics,and generate the fuzzy membership functions automatically.Experimental results show that the proposed method surpasses traditional methods in accuracy.展开更多
As power systems scale up and uncertainties deepen,traditional centralized optimization approaches impose significant computation burdens on large-scale optimization problems,introducing new challenges for power syste...As power systems scale up and uncertainties deepen,traditional centralized optimization approaches impose significant computation burdens on large-scale optimization problems,introducing new challenges for power system scheduling.To address these challenges,this study formulates a distributionally robust optimization(DRO)scheduling model that considers source-load uncertainty and is solved using a novel distributed approach that considers the distribution of tie-line endpoints.The proposed model includes a constraint related to the transmission interface,which consists of several tie-lines between two subsystems and is specifically designed to ensure technical operation security.In addition,we find that tie-line endpoints enhance the speed of distributed computation,leading to the development of a power system partitioning approach that considers the distribution of these endpoints.Further,this study proposes a distributed approach that employs an integrated algorithm of column-and-constraint generation(C&CG)and subgradient descent(IACS)to address the proposed model across multiple subsystems.A case study of two IEEE test systems and a practical provincial power system demonstrates that the proposed model effectively ensures system security.Finally,the scalability and effectiveness of the distributed approach in accelerating problem-solving are confirmed.展开更多
基金This research was developed at the University of Ottawa as part of“SAMA”search enginea.
文摘What is a real time agent,how does it remedy ongoing daily frustrations for users,and how does it improve the retrieval performance in World Wide Web?These are the main question we focus on this manuscript.In many distributed information retrieval systems,information in agents should be ranked based on a combination of multiple criteria.Linear combination of ranks has been the dominant approach due to its simplicity and effectiveness.Such a combination scheme in distributed infrastructure requires that the ranks in resources or agents are comparable to each other before combined.The main challenge is transforming the raw rank values of different criteria appropriately to make them comparable before any combination.Different ways for ranking agents make this strategy difficult.In this research,we will demonstrate how to rank Web documents based on resource-provided information how to combine several resources raking schemas in one time.The proposed system was implemented specifically in data provided by agents to create a comparable combination for different attributes.The proposed approach was tested on the queries provided by Text Retrieval Conference(TREC).Experimental results showed that our approach is effective and robust compared with offline search platforms.
基金supported by the Mega-projects of Science Research for Water Environment Improvement(No. 2009ZX07106-0012012ZX07101-002)+1 种基金he National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40901248)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China(No. 2008CB418206)
文摘Establishing the nutrient reference condition（baseline environmental condition） of lakes in an ecoregion is a critical consideration in the development of scientifically defensible aquatic nutrient criteria.Three methods were applied to determine reference conditions in the Eastern plain ecoregion lakes with respect to total phosphorus（TP）,total nitrogen（TN）,planktonic chlorophyll a（Chl-a） and Secchi depth（SD）.The reference condition value for the lakes in the Eastern plain ecoregion by the trisection method is TP of 0.029 mg/L,TN of 0.67 mg/L,Chl-a of 3.92 mg/m 3,SD of 0.85 m,and the reference condition range by the lake population distribution approach is TP of 0.014-0.043 mg/L,TN of 0.360-0.785 mg/L,Chl-a of 1.78-4.73 mg/m 3,SD of 0.68-1.21 m.Additionally,empirical models were developed for estimating the reference Chl-a concentration and SD successfully for lakes in the Eastern plain ecoregion.Overall,the data suggest that multiple methods can be used to determine reference conditions and that in Eastern plain ecoregion lakes the reference condition corresponds to a mesotrophic status.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71425002,72101166)the Capital University of Economics and Business for the Fundamental Research Funds for Universities affiliated to Beijing(XRZ2021066).
文摘Operational risk events have severely impacted the development of third-party payment(TPP)platforms,and have even led to a discussion on the operational risk capital charge settlement by relevant international regulators.However,prior studies have mostly focused on qualitative mechanism analysis,and have rarely examined quantitative risk assessment based on actual operational risk events.Therefore,this study attempts to assess the operational risk on TPP platforms in China by constructing a systematic framework incorporating database construction and risk modeling.First,the operational risk database that covers 202 events between Q1,2014,and Q2,2020 is constructed.Then,specific causes are clarified,and the characteristics are analyzed from both the trend and loss severity perspectives.Finally,the piecewise-defined severity distribution based-Loss Distribution Approach(PSD-LDA)with double truncation is utilized to assess the operational risk.Two main conclusions are drawn from the empirical analysis.First,legal risk and external fraud risk are the two main causes of operational risk.Second,the yearly Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall are 724.46 million yuan and 1081.98 million yuan under the 99.9%significance level,respectively.Our results are beneficial for both TPP platform operators and regulators in managing and controlling operational risk.
文摘This paper deals with a reinforced cumulative probability distribution approach (CPDA) based method for extracting classification rules.The method includes two phases:(1) automatic generation of the membership function,and (2) use of the corresponding linguistic data to extract classification rules.The proposed method can determine suitable interval boundaries for any given dataset based on its own characteristics,and generate the fuzzy membership functions automatically.Experimental results show that the proposed method surpasses traditional methods in accuracy.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB2403400)。
文摘As power systems scale up and uncertainties deepen,traditional centralized optimization approaches impose significant computation burdens on large-scale optimization problems,introducing new challenges for power system scheduling.To address these challenges,this study formulates a distributionally robust optimization(DRO)scheduling model that considers source-load uncertainty and is solved using a novel distributed approach that considers the distribution of tie-line endpoints.The proposed model includes a constraint related to the transmission interface,which consists of several tie-lines between two subsystems and is specifically designed to ensure technical operation security.In addition,we find that tie-line endpoints enhance the speed of distributed computation,leading to the development of a power system partitioning approach that considers the distribution of these endpoints.Further,this study proposes a distributed approach that employs an integrated algorithm of column-and-constraint generation(C&CG)and subgradient descent(IACS)to address the proposed model across multiple subsystems.A case study of two IEEE test systems and a practical provincial power system demonstrates that the proposed model effectively ensures system security.Finally,the scalability and effectiveness of the distributed approach in accelerating problem-solving are confirmed.
