Social distancing among people is vital in minimizing spread of COVID-19 within community and can be effective in flattening the outbreak. This research work focuses on developing a close contact proximity detection s...Social distancing among people is vital in minimizing spread of COVID-19 within community and can be effective in flattening the outbreak. This research work focuses on developing a close contact proximity detection system among smartphone users, particularly of COVID-19 patient, using Bluetooth signal to identify and analyze close contact proximity and social distancing from other anonymous smartphone users in their surroundings. Covering a physical space of six feet, a mandatory safety measure in shopping centers, schools, and other crowded areas, is a social solution advocated by World Health Organization (WHO) officials in this COVID-19. Everyone is concerned about their safety in the COVID-19 environment, so we came up with the concept of producing this new equipment. Most of the time, our attention is drawn to those in front of us and to our sides, but we are unable to keep track of those behind us. The major goal of this project is to keep individuals at a safe distance from one another. PIR sensor is used in this proposed work. Why did the World Health Organization (WHO) put 6 feet as a social distancing? When someone coughs or sneezes, small droplets are spread from the cough or sneeze. If you are in close proximity, you can breathe in those droplets, which may contain the COVID-19 virus, according to the World Health Organization. Vanderbilt University infectious disease expert Dr. William Schaffner said the “6 feet distance” rule comes from studies of respiratory physiology. Schaffner explains that even “without a cough or sneeze, the exhaled air mixes with the surrounding air within a distance of 3 to 6 feet, which is known as the breathing zone.” Schaffner continues: “If you are standing 3 to 6 feet away from me, you may inhale droplets that spread through coughing or sneezing. Of course, if I am infected with the virus, these droplets will contain the virus.”展开更多
目的:探讨强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)胸腹部折叠畸形的CT影像学分型及评估方法。方法:回顾性分析2017年7月~2024年1月31例行胸腰椎CT检查的AS胸腰椎后凸畸形患者资料,男28例,女3例,平均年龄45.0±8.9岁。在胸腰椎CT...目的:探讨强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)胸腹部折叠畸形的CT影像学分型及评估方法。方法:回顾性分析2017年7月~2024年1月31例行胸腰椎CT检查的AS胸腰椎后凸畸形患者资料,男28例,女3例,平均年龄45.0±8.9岁。在胸腰椎CT正中矢状面上测量胸腹折叠角(thoracoabdominal folded angle,TAFA)及剑突-耻骨联合距离(the distances between xiphoid process and superior edge of the pubis,XP),同时在脊柱全长侧位片上测量全脊椎后凸Cobb角(global kyphosis,GK)、胸椎后凸Cobb角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、腰椎前凸Cobb角(lumbar lordosis,LL)及矢状面躯干偏移(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)。根据CT矢状面腰椎生理曲度对腹腔容积变化的影响创新性提出AS胸腹部折叠畸形的CT影像学分型,腰椎存在生理前凸时为Ⅰ型,腰椎生理曲度变直时为Ⅱ型,腰椎后凸畸形时为Ⅲ型。根据TAFA将Ⅲ型患者分为两个亚型,TAFA>90°为A亚型,TAFA≤90°为B亚型。由5名经过培训的脊柱外科医师先后对患者的临床资料进行独立评估与分型(间隔10d),采用Kendall′s W检验分析多组观察结果的一致性。采用单因素方差分析检验比较各型间上述测量参数的差异性。结果:31例患者中,胸腹部折叠畸形Ⅰ型5例、Ⅱ型8例、ⅢA型12例、ⅢB型6例。观察者间分型Kendall′s W一致性系数为0.954(P<0.001)。患者平均GK、TK、LL、SVA、TAFA及XP分别为83.7°±29.9°、48.7°±21.3°、-13.9°±25.3°、22.8±14.9cm、128.1°±50.5°及16.8±8.9cm;各组TAFA、XP测量数值间Kendall′s W一致性系数分别为0.946(P<0.001)和0.979(P<0.001);各分型间TAFA及XP两两比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论:CT影像学分型可以客观评价AS胸腹部折叠畸形情况,剑突-耻骨联合距离及胸腹折叠角是评估AS胸腹部折叠畸形的重要指标。展开更多
文摘Social distancing among people is vital in minimizing spread of COVID-19 within community and can be effective in flattening the outbreak. This research work focuses on developing a close contact proximity detection system among smartphone users, particularly of COVID-19 patient, using Bluetooth signal to identify and analyze close contact proximity and social distancing from other anonymous smartphone users in their surroundings. Covering a physical space of six feet, a mandatory safety measure in shopping centers, schools, and other crowded areas, is a social solution advocated by World Health Organization (WHO) officials in this COVID-19. Everyone is concerned about their safety in the COVID-19 environment, so we came up with the concept of producing this new equipment. Most of the time, our attention is drawn to those in front of us and to our sides, but we are unable to keep track of those behind us. The major goal of this project is to keep individuals at a safe distance from one another. PIR sensor is used in this proposed work. Why did the World Health Organization (WHO) put 6 feet as a social distancing? When someone coughs or sneezes, small droplets are spread from the cough or sneeze. If you are in close proximity, you can breathe in those droplets, which may contain the COVID-19 virus, according to the World Health Organization. Vanderbilt University infectious disease expert Dr. William Schaffner said the “6 feet distance” rule comes from studies of respiratory physiology. Schaffner explains that even “without a cough or sneeze, the exhaled air mixes with the surrounding air within a distance of 3 to 6 feet, which is known as the breathing zone.” Schaffner continues: “If you are standing 3 to 6 feet away from me, you may inhale droplets that spread through coughing or sneezing. Of course, if I am infected with the virus, these droplets will contain the virus.”
文摘目的:探讨强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)胸腹部折叠畸形的CT影像学分型及评估方法。方法:回顾性分析2017年7月~2024年1月31例行胸腰椎CT检查的AS胸腰椎后凸畸形患者资料,男28例,女3例,平均年龄45.0±8.9岁。在胸腰椎CT正中矢状面上测量胸腹折叠角(thoracoabdominal folded angle,TAFA)及剑突-耻骨联合距离(the distances between xiphoid process and superior edge of the pubis,XP),同时在脊柱全长侧位片上测量全脊椎后凸Cobb角(global kyphosis,GK)、胸椎后凸Cobb角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、腰椎前凸Cobb角(lumbar lordosis,LL)及矢状面躯干偏移(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)。根据CT矢状面腰椎生理曲度对腹腔容积变化的影响创新性提出AS胸腹部折叠畸形的CT影像学分型,腰椎存在生理前凸时为Ⅰ型,腰椎生理曲度变直时为Ⅱ型,腰椎后凸畸形时为Ⅲ型。根据TAFA将Ⅲ型患者分为两个亚型,TAFA>90°为A亚型,TAFA≤90°为B亚型。由5名经过培训的脊柱外科医师先后对患者的临床资料进行独立评估与分型(间隔10d),采用Kendall′s W检验分析多组观察结果的一致性。采用单因素方差分析检验比较各型间上述测量参数的差异性。结果:31例患者中,胸腹部折叠畸形Ⅰ型5例、Ⅱ型8例、ⅢA型12例、ⅢB型6例。观察者间分型Kendall′s W一致性系数为0.954(P<0.001)。患者平均GK、TK、LL、SVA、TAFA及XP分别为83.7°±29.9°、48.7°±21.3°、-13.9°±25.3°、22.8±14.9cm、128.1°±50.5°及16.8±8.9cm;各组TAFA、XP测量数值间Kendall′s W一致性系数分别为0.946(P<0.001)和0.979(P<0.001);各分型间TAFA及XP两两比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论:CT影像学分型可以客观评价AS胸腹部折叠畸形情况,剑突-耻骨联合距离及胸腹折叠角是评估AS胸腹部折叠畸形的重要指标。
