Global brain ischemia and neurological deficit are consequences of cardiac arrest that lead to high mortality.Despite advancements in resuscitation science,our limited understanding of the cellular and molecular mecha...Global brain ischemia and neurological deficit are consequences of cardiac arrest that lead to high mortality.Despite advancements in resuscitation science,our limited understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying post-cardiac arrest brain injury have hindered the development of effective neuroprotective strategies.Previous studies primarily focused on neuronal death,potentially overlooking the contributions of non-neuronal cells and intercellular communication to the pathophysiology of cardiac arrest-induced brain injury.To address these gaps,we hypothesized that single-cell transcriptomic analysis could uncover previously unidentified cellular subpopulations,altered cell communication networks,and novel molecular mechanisms involved in post-cardiac arrest brain injury.In this study,we performed a single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the hippocampus from pigs with ventricular fibrillation-induced cardiac arrest at 6 and 24 hours following the return of spontaneous circulation,and from sham control pigs.Sequencing results revealed changes in the proportions of different cell types,suggesting post-arrest disruption in the blood-brain barrier and infiltration of neutrophils.These results were validated through western blotting,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and immunofluorescence staining.We also identified and validated a unique subcluster of activated microglia with high expression of S100A8,which increased over time following cardiac arrest.This subcluster simultaneously exhibited significant M1/M2 polarization and expressed key functional genes related to chemokines and interleukins.Additionally,we revealed the post-cardiac arrest dysfunction of oligodendrocytes and the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into oligodendrocytes.Cell communication analysis identified enhanced post-cardiac arrest communication between neutrophils and microglia that was mediated by neutrophil-derived resistin,driving pro-inflammatory microglial polarization.Our findings provide a comprehensive single-cell map of the post-cardiac arrest hippocampus,offering potential novel targets for neuroprotection and repair following cardiac arrest.展开更多
Ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury induces region-specific neuronal vulnerability within the hippocampus,with the cornu ammonis 1(CA1)subfield particularly prone to delayed neuronal death.While intrinsic neuronal factors...Ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury induces region-specific neuronal vulnerability within the hippocampus,with the cornu ammonis 1(CA1)subfield particularly prone to delayed neuronal death.While intrinsic neuronal factors have been implicated,emerging evidence highlights the decisive contribution of astrocyte endfeet(AEF)—specialized perivascular structures that regulate ion and water homeostasis,glutamate clearance,and blood–brain barrier(BBB)stability.This review synthesizes structural and molecular alterations of AEF across the CA1-CA3 subfields following I/R and their correlation with neuronal fate.In CA1,AEF undergo early-onset swelling and detachment from the vascular basal lamina due to dysfunction of critical proteins such as aquaporin-4(AQP4)and Kir4.1.These changes impair glutamate uptake,metabolic support,and potassium buffering,contributing to neuronal hyperexcitability and degeneration.In contrast,AEF in CA3 preserves polarity and functional coupling of AQP4 and Kir4.1,conferring regional resilience.At the signaling level,AEF disruption activates mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)pathways,promotes reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation,and induces inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)-mediated inflammation,amplifying neurotoxicity.Furthermore,subfield-specific astrocytic transcriptional profiles modulate inflammatory responses and gliovascular interactions.By reframing AEF not as passive scaffolds but as active regulators of neuronal survival,this review provides novel insight into the astrocyte-dependent mechanisms of hippocampal vulnerability.Therapeutic strategies that preserve AEF structure and function may offer targeted protection against delayed neuronal death in ischemic brain injury.展开更多
EHL-2 is a compact,high-field spherical tokamak designed to explore the potential of an advanced p-11B nuclear fusion reactor.Due to its high plasma current and thermal energy,it is crucial to mitigate the impact asso...EHL-2 is a compact,high-field spherical tokamak designed to explore the potential of an advanced p-11B nuclear fusion reactor.Due to its high plasma current and thermal energy,it is crucial to mitigate the impact associated with disruptions to ensure the safe operation of EHL-2.This paper evaluates the performance requirements of the disruption prediction system on EHL-2,with a particular focus on applying generalizable knowledge transfer from existing devices to future ones.Furthermore,the key characteristics of disruption mitigation strategies are analyzed,and their overall mitigation performance on EHL-2 is assessed.This insight provides valuable guidance for optimizing the engineering design of EHL-2 and identifying its optimal operational regime.展开更多
BACKGROUND L-arginine(L-Arg)is one of the most widely used amino acids in dietary and pharmacological products.However,the evidence on its usefulness and dose limitations,especially in diabetics is still controversial...BACKGROUND L-arginine(L-Arg)is one of the most widely used amino acids in dietary and pharmacological products.However,the evidence on its usefulness and dose limitations,especially in diabetics is still controversial.AIM To investigate the effects of chronic administration of different doses of L-Arg on the cardiac muscle of type 2 diabetic rats.METHODS Of 96 male rats were divided into 8 groups as follows(n=12):Control,0.5 g/kg L-Arg,1 g/kg L-Arg,1.5 g/kg L-Arg,diabetic,diabetic+0.5 g/kg L-Arg,diabetic+1 g/kg L-Arg,and diabetic+1.5 g/kg L-Arg;whereas L-Arg was orally administered for 3 months to all treated groups.RESULTS L-Arg produced a moderate upregulation of blood glucose levels to normal rats,but when given to diabetics a significant upregulation was observed,associated with increased nitric oxide,inflammatory cytokines,and malonaldehyde levels in diabetic rats treated with 1 g/kg L-Arg and 1.5 g/kg L-Arg.A substantial decrease in the antioxidant capacity,superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione peroxidase,reduced glutathione concentrations,and Nrf-2 tissue depletion were observed at 1 g/kg and 1.5 g/kg L-Arg diabetic treated groups,associated with myocardial injury,fibrosis,α-smooth muscle actin upregulation,and disruption of desmin cardiac myofilaments,and these effects were not noticeable at normal treated groups.On the other hand,L-Arg could significantly improve the lipid profile of diabetic rats and decrease their body weights.CONCLUSION L-Arg dose of 1 g/kg or more can exacerbates the diabetes injurious effects on the myocardium,while 0.5 g/kg dose can improve the lipid profile and decrease the body weight.展开更多
Efficient siRNA delivery is highly desirable for disease treatment.However,the application of conventional nanoparticles is limited by the inability to escape from endo-lysosomes.Herein,we report a strategy using smal...Efficient siRNA delivery is highly desirable for disease treatment.However,the application of conventional nanoparticles is limited by the inability to escape from endo-lysosomes.Herein,we report a strategy using small-molecule drugs to enhance siRNA endo-lysosomal release,addressing this challenge.We encapsulated gentamicin(GM)into the marketed Onpattro■ formulation to establish LNP-siRNA/GM nanoparticles that promote siRNA endo-lysosomal escape through endosomal disruption,mechanistically exhibiting unique functionality and synergistic effects of LNP-siRNA/GM to improve cancer therapy.Besides,GM induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)and phospholipids accumulation in endolysosomes,as well as the physical characteristics of lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)were preserved.We also revealed that GM causes endo-lysosomal swelling and disrupts the endosomal membrane to enable siRNA release,as confirmed by Galectin 3 recruitment and acridine orange release.This approach achieved∼81%mRNA-EGFR silencing,which is more than LNP-siEGFR(∼56.23%)by enhancing siRNA endo-lysosomal escape efficiency.Meanwhile,LNP-siEGFR/GM exhibited significant biological activities in HepG2 cells,driven by the synergistic effects of siEGFR and GM with the VEGF and CXCL12 downregulation of,and ROS and phospholipids upregulation.Furthermore,tumor growth was notably suppressed after intravenous injection of LNP-siEGFR/GM in tumor-bearing nude mice.The combination of EGFR-siRNA and GM could also greatly inhibit angiogenesis,be antiproliferative,and induce tumor cells apoptosis.Therefore,this GM and siRNA co-delivery system would provide an efficient strategy for siRNA endosomal escape,significantly improving knockdown in various LNPs based siRNA delivery systems and efficiently enhancing cancer therapy.展开更多
Vascular disrupting agents(VDAs)can destroy tumor vasculature and lead to tumor ischemia and hypoxia,resulting in tumor necrosis.However,VDAs are easy to induce the upregulation of genes that are associated with cance...Vascular disrupting agents(VDAs)can destroy tumor vasculature and lead to tumor ischemia and hypoxia,resulting in tumor necrosis.However,VDAs are easy to induce the upregulation of genes that are associated with cancer cell drug resistance and angiogenesis in tumor cells.Hypoxia-activated chemotherapy will be an ideal supplement to VDAs therapy since it can help to fully utilize the ischemia and hypoxia induced by VDAs to realize a synergistic antitumor therapeutic outcome.Here,we design a liposome whose surface is modified with a tumor-homing peptide Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala(CREKA,which can specifically target tumor vessels and stroma)and whose aqueous cavity and lipid bilayer are loaded by a hypoxia-activatable drug banoxantrone dihydrochloride(AQ4N)and a VDA combretastatin A4(CA4),respectively.CA4 can selectively target vascular endothelial cells and destroy the tumor blood vessels,which will cause the rapid inhibition of blood flow in tumor and enhance the hypoxia in the tumor region.As a consequence,AQ4N can exert its boosted cytotoxicity under the enhanced hypoxic environment.The as-prepared liposome with a uniform particle size exhibits good stability and high cancer cell killing efficacy in vitro.In addition,in vivo experiments confirm the excellent tumortargeting/accumulation,tumor vasculature-damaging,and tumor inhibition effects of the liposome.This work develops a liposomal which can achieve safe and effective tumor suppression without external stimulus excitation by only single injection,and is expected to benefit the future development of effective antitumor liposomal drugs.展开更多
Airport disruptions often pose challenges in assigning aircraft to gates,resulting in infeasible planned schedules.In particular,a large number of transfer passengers miss their connections in the context of disruptio...Airport disruptions often pose challenges in assigning aircraft to gates,resulting in infeasible planned schedules.In particular,a large number of transfer passengers miss their connections in the context of disruptions,which cause huge economic losses to airlines and serious passengers’dissatisfaction.This paper proposes a set-partitioning-based model to optimize Aircraft-Gate Reassignment with Transfer Passenger Connections(AGRP-TPC),which incorporates flexible gate-swap and aircraft-delay operations to mitigate the overall impact of disruptions.To efficiently solve the model,we introduce the concepts of additive-transfer and nonstop-transfer to handle passenger connections,and develop a Hierarchical Column-and-Row Generation(HCRG)approach guided by airport terminal space attribute.The column generation and row generation procedures solve iteratively until no new variables and constraints are generated.In addition,a follow-on strategy and a diving heuristic are designed to efficiently obtain high-quality solutions.We evaluate the proposed approach using various instances from a major Chinese international airport.Computational results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the comparison algorithms and produces good solutions within the time limit.Detailed results indicate that our approach effectively reduces overall losses in aircraft-gate reassignment following disruptions,and it can serve as an auxiliary decision-making tool for airport operators and airlines.展开更多
As a prominent mode of variability in the tropical stratosphere on the interannual timescale,the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation(QBO)can significantly influence global atmospheric circulation and weather patterns.This stud...As a prominent mode of variability in the tropical stratosphere on the interannual timescale,the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation(QBO)can significantly influence global atmospheric circulation and weather patterns.This study explores the dynamic processes of QBO disruptions using the integrated climate model of the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)by nudging the tropical zonal winds toward observations.A comparative analysis with ERA5 reanalysis data shows that the nudged runs accurately replicate the general characteristics of the QBO,including the alternating QBO wind regimes and QBO disruption events.The evolution of the QBO winds is diagnosed using empirical orthogonal function and root-mean-square difference analyses,and the rarity of the disruption events is confirmed in the CMA model.Different aspects of the QBO disruptions and the relevant dynamics are present in the model.Firstly,the momentum budget analysis highlights the crucial roles of extratropical Rossby waves and non-orographic gravity waves in the transition from westerly to easterly winds during a disruption.Secondly,Kelvin waves and non-orographic gravity waves explain much of the transition from easterly to westerly winds near 40 hPa.Thirdly,the positive tendency from enhanced vertical advection further accelerates westerly momentum development via secondary meridional circulation.These findings underscore the importance of nudging techniques in understanding QBO dynamics,which provides valuable insights for future climate model improvements toward better forecasting QBO-related climate variability.Notably,due to model limitations,no QBO disruptions were simulated in the free-run experiments.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to improve the quality of the duck blood tofu by ultrasonic technology. [Method] Ultrasonic technology was used to break the blood cell membrane. The optimal ultrasonic condition was determined...[Objective] The aim was to improve the quality of the duck blood tofu by ultrasonic technology. [Method] Ultrasonic technology was used to break the blood cell membrane. The optimal ultrasonic condition was determined by single factor de- sign, and the differences in sensory quality and nutritional value between the duck blood tofu treated with and without ultrasonication were studied. [Result] The optimal ultrasonic power was 400 W and the optimal ultrasonic time was 6 min. Under these conditions, the content of duck blood haemoglobin increased by 43.46%, the content of iron increased by 10.85%, and the breakage rate was 100%. The a＊ value of the duck blood tofu increased significantly under ultrasonic treatment. Both internal micro-structure and texture parameters proved that the ultrasonic contributed to the formation of gel structure. After treatment by artificial gastric juice and artifi- cial intestinal juice, the total amino acids in the digestive juice were 9.25% higher than that of the duck blood tofu without ultrasonic treatment. [Conclusion] The duck blood tofu under ultrasonic treatment would be beneficial to human body absorption, and the nutrition value would be higher as well.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China,Nos.82325031(to FX),82030059(to YC),82102290(to YG),U23A20485(to YC)Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project,No.2023ZD0505504(to FX),2023ZD0505500(to YC)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,No.2022ZLGX03(to YC).
文摘Global brain ischemia and neurological deficit are consequences of cardiac arrest that lead to high mortality.Despite advancements in resuscitation science,our limited understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying post-cardiac arrest brain injury have hindered the development of effective neuroprotective strategies.Previous studies primarily focused on neuronal death,potentially overlooking the contributions of non-neuronal cells and intercellular communication to the pathophysiology of cardiac arrest-induced brain injury.To address these gaps,we hypothesized that single-cell transcriptomic analysis could uncover previously unidentified cellular subpopulations,altered cell communication networks,and novel molecular mechanisms involved in post-cardiac arrest brain injury.In this study,we performed a single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the hippocampus from pigs with ventricular fibrillation-induced cardiac arrest at 6 and 24 hours following the return of spontaneous circulation,and from sham control pigs.Sequencing results revealed changes in the proportions of different cell types,suggesting post-arrest disruption in the blood-brain barrier and infiltration of neutrophils.These results were validated through western blotting,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and immunofluorescence staining.We also identified and validated a unique subcluster of activated microglia with high expression of S100A8,which increased over time following cardiac arrest.This subcluster simultaneously exhibited significant M1/M2 polarization and expressed key functional genes related to chemokines and interleukins.Additionally,we revealed the post-cardiac arrest dysfunction of oligodendrocytes and the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into oligodendrocytes.Cell communication analysis identified enhanced post-cardiac arrest communication between neutrophils and microglia that was mediated by neutrophil-derived resistin,driving pro-inflammatory microglial polarization.Our findings provide a comprehensive single-cell map of the post-cardiac arrest hippocampus,offering potential novel targets for neuroprotection and repair following cardiac arrest.
文摘Ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury induces region-specific neuronal vulnerability within the hippocampus,with the cornu ammonis 1(CA1)subfield particularly prone to delayed neuronal death.While intrinsic neuronal factors have been implicated,emerging evidence highlights the decisive contribution of astrocyte endfeet(AEF)—specialized perivascular structures that regulate ion and water homeostasis,glutamate clearance,and blood–brain barrier(BBB)stability.This review synthesizes structural and molecular alterations of AEF across the CA1-CA3 subfields following I/R and their correlation with neuronal fate.In CA1,AEF undergo early-onset swelling and detachment from the vascular basal lamina due to dysfunction of critical proteins such as aquaporin-4(AQP4)and Kir4.1.These changes impair glutamate uptake,metabolic support,and potassium buffering,contributing to neuronal hyperexcitability and degeneration.In contrast,AEF in CA3 preserves polarity and functional coupling of AQP4 and Kir4.1,conferring regional resilience.At the signaling level,AEF disruption activates mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)pathways,promotes reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation,and induces inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)-mediated inflammation,amplifying neurotoxicity.Furthermore,subfield-specific astrocytic transcriptional profiles modulate inflammatory responses and gliovascular interactions.By reframing AEF not as passive scaffolds but as active regulators of neuronal survival,this review provides novel insight into the astrocyte-dependent mechanisms of hippocampal vulnerability.Therapeutic strategies that preserve AEF structure and function may offer targeted protection against delayed neuronal death in ischemic brain injury.
基金supported by the ENN Group,the ENN Energy Research Institute and National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12205122).
文摘EHL-2 is a compact,high-field spherical tokamak designed to explore the potential of an advanced p-11B nuclear fusion reactor.Due to its high plasma current and thermal energy,it is crucial to mitigate the impact associated with disruptions to ensure the safe operation of EHL-2.This paper evaluates the performance requirements of the disruption prediction system on EHL-2,with a particular focus on applying generalizable knowledge transfer from existing devices to future ones.Furthermore,the key characteristics of disruption mitigation strategies are analyzed,and their overall mitigation performance on EHL-2 is assessed.This insight provides valuable guidance for optimizing the engineering design of EHL-2 and identifying its optimal operational regime.
基金The Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia, No. IF2/PSAU/2022/03/23339.
文摘BACKGROUND L-arginine(L-Arg)is one of the most widely used amino acids in dietary and pharmacological products.However,the evidence on its usefulness and dose limitations,especially in diabetics is still controversial.AIM To investigate the effects of chronic administration of different doses of L-Arg on the cardiac muscle of type 2 diabetic rats.METHODS Of 96 male rats were divided into 8 groups as follows(n=12):Control,0.5 g/kg L-Arg,1 g/kg L-Arg,1.5 g/kg L-Arg,diabetic,diabetic+0.5 g/kg L-Arg,diabetic+1 g/kg L-Arg,and diabetic+1.5 g/kg L-Arg;whereas L-Arg was orally administered for 3 months to all treated groups.RESULTS L-Arg produced a moderate upregulation of blood glucose levels to normal rats,but when given to diabetics a significant upregulation was observed,associated with increased nitric oxide,inflammatory cytokines,and malonaldehyde levels in diabetic rats treated with 1 g/kg L-Arg and 1.5 g/kg L-Arg.A substantial decrease in the antioxidant capacity,superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione peroxidase,reduced glutathione concentrations,and Nrf-2 tissue depletion were observed at 1 g/kg and 1.5 g/kg L-Arg diabetic treated groups,associated with myocardial injury,fibrosis,α-smooth muscle actin upregulation,and disruption of desmin cardiac myofilaments,and these effects were not noticeable at normal treated groups.On the other hand,L-Arg could significantly improve the lipid profile of diabetic rats and decrease their body weights.CONCLUSION L-Arg dose of 1 g/kg or more can exacerbates the diabetes injurious effects on the myocardium,while 0.5 g/kg dose can improve the lipid profile and decrease the body weight.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81502688)Cooperation Research Funding of Capital Medical University(2020KJ000514)+1 种基金Cooperation Research Funding of Capital Medical University(2023KJ000814)R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM202210025024).
文摘Efficient siRNA delivery is highly desirable for disease treatment.However,the application of conventional nanoparticles is limited by the inability to escape from endo-lysosomes.Herein,we report a strategy using small-molecule drugs to enhance siRNA endo-lysosomal release,addressing this challenge.We encapsulated gentamicin(GM)into the marketed Onpattro■ formulation to establish LNP-siRNA/GM nanoparticles that promote siRNA endo-lysosomal escape through endosomal disruption,mechanistically exhibiting unique functionality and synergistic effects of LNP-siRNA/GM to improve cancer therapy.Besides,GM induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)and phospholipids accumulation in endolysosomes,as well as the physical characteristics of lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)were preserved.We also revealed that GM causes endo-lysosomal swelling and disrupts the endosomal membrane to enable siRNA release,as confirmed by Galectin 3 recruitment and acridine orange release.This approach achieved∼81%mRNA-EGFR silencing,which is more than LNP-siEGFR(∼56.23%)by enhancing siRNA endo-lysosomal escape efficiency.Meanwhile,LNP-siEGFR/GM exhibited significant biological activities in HepG2 cells,driven by the synergistic effects of siEGFR and GM with the VEGF and CXCL12 downregulation of,and ROS and phospholipids upregulation.Furthermore,tumor growth was notably suppressed after intravenous injection of LNP-siEGFR/GM in tumor-bearing nude mice.The combination of EGFR-siRNA and GM could also greatly inhibit angiogenesis,be antiproliferative,and induce tumor cells apoptosis.Therefore,this GM and siRNA co-delivery system would provide an efficient strategy for siRNA endosomal escape,significantly improving knockdown in various LNPs based siRNA delivery systems and efficiently enhancing cancer therapy.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education(No.GKE-KF202305)the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor,and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20211510)。
文摘Vascular disrupting agents(VDAs)can destroy tumor vasculature and lead to tumor ischemia and hypoxia,resulting in tumor necrosis.However,VDAs are easy to induce the upregulation of genes that are associated with cancer cell drug resistance and angiogenesis in tumor cells.Hypoxia-activated chemotherapy will be an ideal supplement to VDAs therapy since it can help to fully utilize the ischemia and hypoxia induced by VDAs to realize a synergistic antitumor therapeutic outcome.Here,we design a liposome whose surface is modified with a tumor-homing peptide Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala(CREKA,which can specifically target tumor vessels and stroma)and whose aqueous cavity and lipid bilayer are loaded by a hypoxia-activatable drug banoxantrone dihydrochloride(AQ4N)and a VDA combretastatin A4(CA4),respectively.CA4 can selectively target vascular endothelial cells and destroy the tumor blood vessels,which will cause the rapid inhibition of blood flow in tumor and enhance the hypoxia in the tumor region.As a consequence,AQ4N can exert its boosted cytotoxicity under the enhanced hypoxic environment.The as-prepared liposome with a uniform particle size exhibits good stability and high cancer cell killing efficacy in vitro.In addition,in vivo experiments confirm the excellent tumortargeting/accumulation,tumor vasculature-damaging,and tumor inhibition effects of the liposome.This work develops a liposomal which can achieve safe and effective tumor suppression without external stimulus excitation by only single injection,and is expected to benefit the future development of effective antitumor liposomal drugs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2333218).
文摘Airport disruptions often pose challenges in assigning aircraft to gates,resulting in infeasible planned schedules.In particular,a large number of transfer passengers miss their connections in the context of disruptions,which cause huge economic losses to airlines and serious passengers’dissatisfaction.This paper proposes a set-partitioning-based model to optimize Aircraft-Gate Reassignment with Transfer Passenger Connections(AGRP-TPC),which incorporates flexible gate-swap and aircraft-delay operations to mitigate the overall impact of disruptions.To efficiently solve the model,we introduce the concepts of additive-transfer and nonstop-transfer to handle passenger connections,and develop a Hierarchical Column-and-Row Generation(HCRG)approach guided by airport terminal space attribute.The column generation and row generation procedures solve iteratively until no new variables and constraints are generated.In addition,a follow-on strategy and a diving heuristic are designed to efficiently obtain high-quality solutions.We evaluate the proposed approach using various instances from a major Chinese international airport.Computational results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the comparison algorithms and produces good solutions within the time limit.Detailed results indicate that our approach effectively reduces overall losses in aircraft-gate reassignment following disruptions,and it can serve as an auxiliary decision-making tool for airport operators and airlines.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42275056).
文摘As a prominent mode of variability in the tropical stratosphere on the interannual timescale,the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation(QBO)can significantly influence global atmospheric circulation and weather patterns.This study explores the dynamic processes of QBO disruptions using the integrated climate model of the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)by nudging the tropical zonal winds toward observations.A comparative analysis with ERA5 reanalysis data shows that the nudged runs accurately replicate the general characteristics of the QBO,including the alternating QBO wind regimes and QBO disruption events.The evolution of the QBO winds is diagnosed using empirical orthogonal function and root-mean-square difference analyses,and the rarity of the disruption events is confirmed in the CMA model.Different aspects of the QBO disruptions and the relevant dynamics are present in the model.Firstly,the momentum budget analysis highlights the crucial roles of extratropical Rossby waves and non-orographic gravity waves in the transition from westerly to easterly winds during a disruption.Secondly,Kelvin waves and non-orographic gravity waves explain much of the transition from easterly to westerly winds near 40 hPa.Thirdly,the positive tendency from enhanced vertical advection further accelerates westerly momentum development via secondary meridional circulation.These findings underscore the importance of nudging techniques in understanding QBO dynamics,which provides valuable insights for future climate model improvements toward better forecasting QBO-related climate variability.Notably,due to model limitations,no QBO disruptions were simulated in the free-run experiments.
基金Supported by National Agricultural Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Program of China(2012GB2C100165)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to improve the quality of the duck blood tofu by ultrasonic technology. [Method] Ultrasonic technology was used to break the blood cell membrane. The optimal ultrasonic condition was determined by single factor de- sign, and the differences in sensory quality and nutritional value between the duck blood tofu treated with and without ultrasonication were studied. [Result] The optimal ultrasonic power was 400 W and the optimal ultrasonic time was 6 min. Under these conditions, the content of duck blood haemoglobin increased by 43.46%, the content of iron increased by 10.85%, and the breakage rate was 100%. The a＊ value of the duck blood tofu increased significantly under ultrasonic treatment. Both internal micro-structure and texture parameters proved that the ultrasonic contributed to the formation of gel structure. After treatment by artificial gastric juice and artifi- cial intestinal juice, the total amino acids in the digestive juice were 9.25% higher than that of the duck blood tofu without ultrasonic treatment. [Conclusion] The duck blood tofu under ultrasonic treatment would be beneficial to human body absorption, and the nutrition value would be higher as well.
