With a population of 1.4 billion in China and a huge daily output of kitchen waste,intelligent treatment of kitchen waste is imperative.This article elaborates on the design and implementation of an intelligent monito...With a population of 1.4 billion in China and a huge daily output of kitchen waste,intelligent treatment of kitchen waste is imperative.This article elaborates on the design and implementation of an intelligent monitoring and early warning system from five aspects:system architecture design,hardware equipment selection and configuration,data collection and processing flow,early warning algorithm and model development,and system integration and testing verification.It also points out the advantages of the intelligent monitoring and early warning system in kitchen waste treatment.展开更多
Amidst China's aggressive expansion of its high-speed rail network,the intersection of these lines with seismic fault zones has elevated the risk profile for high-speed rail travel.To counteract the potential dang...Amidst China's aggressive expansion of its high-speed rail network,the intersection of these lines with seismic fault zones has elevated the risk profile for high-speed rail travel.To counteract the potential dangers posed by seismic disturbances,China has introduced a comprehensive high-speed railway earthquake early-warning system.This article presents an in-depth examination of this system,encompassing aspects such as its developmental evolution,architectural design,and pivotal technologies.Furthermore,it ventures into the realm of future enhancements and developmental pathways for the system,fusing emergent findings from earthquake early warning research with advancements in artificial intelligence.展开更多
BACKGROUND Conventional reusable endoscopes have high disinfection costs because of their large size.In this study,we compared the effectiveness,safety,and operation performance of the portable disposable large-channe...BACKGROUND Conventional reusable endoscopes have high disinfection costs because of their large size.In this study,we compared the effectiveness,safety,and operation performance of the portable disposable large-channel endoscope that we developed with those of a conventional gastroscope in endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).AIM To compare two gastroscopes in ESD for effectiveness and safety.METHODS Ten Bama pigs were subjected to gastroscopy and ESD after general anesthesia.The experiment was completed by four experienced endoscopists.First,two endoscopists randomly selected the portable disposable large-channel or conventional gastroscope to complete gastroscopy procedures.The other two endoscopists assessed the quality of endoscopic images.After endoscopy,all of the endoscopists randomly used the portable disposable large-channel endoscope or the conventional gastroscope for ESD.Endoscopic operation performance,submucosal dissection time,total procedure time,total submucosal injection volume,specimen size,success rate of en bloc resection,muscular injury rate,and complications were compared between the endoscopes.RESULTS No significant differences in gastroscopy duration or in the integrity,sharpness,saturation,and brightness of the gastroscopic images were observed between the gastroscopes.For ESD,no significant differences in endoscopic operation performance,incision time,submucosal dissection time,total procedure time,total submucosal injection volume,specimen size,or success rate of en bloc resection were observed between the gastroscopes.Neither gastroscope caused muscular injury or treatment-related complica-tions.CONCLUSION The portable disposable large-channel endoscope can be used safely and effectively for gastroscopy and treatment.展开更多
This work is devoted to numerical analysis of thermo-hydromechanical problem and cracking process in saturated porous media in the context of deep geological disposal of radioactive waste.The fundamental background of...This work is devoted to numerical analysis of thermo-hydromechanical problem and cracking process in saturated porous media in the context of deep geological disposal of radioactive waste.The fundamental background of thermo-poro-elastoplasticity theory is first summarized.The emphasis is put on the effect of pore fluid pressure on plastic deformation.A micromechanics-based elastoplastic model is then presented for a class of clayey rocks considered as host rock.Based on linear and nonlinear homogenization techniques,the proposed model is able to systematically account for the influences of porosity and mineral composition on macroscopic elastic properties and plastic yield strength.The initial anisotropy and time-dependent deformation are also taken into account.The induced cracking process is described by using a non-local damage model.A specific hybrid formulation is proposed,able to conveniently capture tensile,shear and mixed cracks.In particular,the influences of pore pressure and confining stress on the shear cracking mechanism are taken into account.The proposed model is applied to investigating thermo-hydromechanical responses and induced damage evolution in laboratory tests at the sample scale.In the last part,an in situ heating experiment is analyzed by using the proposed model.Numerical results are compared with experimental data and field measurements in terms of temperature variation,pore fluid pressure change and induced damaged zone.展开更多
Mine water pollution caused by improper discharge of industrial wastewater,waste liquid and waste residue into minedout areas is a new form of pollution occurred in China in recent years.This kind of pollution is buri...Mine water pollution caused by improper discharge of industrial wastewater,waste liquid and waste residue into minedout areas is a new form of pollution occurred in China in recent years.This kind of pollution is buried deeply,and it is difficult to control,dispose and repair.Deep contaminated mine water from abandoned mining areas may even enter the ocean,posing a great threat to marine ecosystems.In this study,using a water pollution incident occurred in a coal field at a depth of 80 m in Shandong Province,China,in 2015,as an example,the methods of engineering block disposal and groundwater remediation are reported,and the remediation effects are tested and evaluated by in-situ chemical detection and geophysical surveys.The test results showed that engineering blocking measures such as cut-off walls can obviously block the DNAPL diffusion process in mine water,but the blocking effect on organic pollutants dissolved in water was limited.It can slow down the diffusion process of organic gas.The presence of mining tunnels and mined-out areas in the contaminated zone enhances the diffusion speed of various pollutants,especially during the remediation process when pollutants rapidly spread throughout the entire contaminated area.Groundwater circulation extraction and oxidation methods have a significant degradation effect on pollutants like dichloromethane,but they may generate a large amount of secondary gaseous pollutants.These gaseous pollutants may migrate to the shallow subsurface through structures such as faults,leading to secondary subsurface contamination.When designing remediation plans,it is crucial to strike a balance between blocking and guiding in the context of both blocking and restoration projects for achieving effective remediation.展开更多
Erythromycin fermentation residue(EFR)represents a typical hazardous waste produced by the microbial pharmaceutical industry.Although electrolysis is promising for EFR disposal,its microbial threats remain unclear.Her...Erythromycin fermentation residue(EFR)represents a typical hazardous waste produced by the microbial pharmaceutical industry.Although electrolysis is promising for EFR disposal,its microbial threats remain unclear.Herein,metagenomics was coupled with the random forest technique to decipher the antibiotic resistance patterns of electrochemically treated EFR.Results showed that 95.75%of erythromycin could be removed in 2 hr.Electrolysis temporarily influenced EFRmicrobiota,where the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria increased,while those of Fusobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroidetes decreased.A total of 505 antibiotic resistance gene(ARG)subtypes encoding resistance to 21 antibiotic types and 150 mobile genetic elements(MGEs),mainly including plasmid(72)and transposase(52)were assembled in EFR.Significant linear regression models were identified among microbial richness,ARG subtypes,and MGE numbers(r^(2)=0.50-0.81,p<0.001).Physicochemical factors of EFR(Total nitrogen,total organic carbon,protein,and humus)regulated ARG and MGE assembly(%IncMSE value=5.14-14.85).The core ARG,MGE,and microbe sets(93.08%-99.85%)successfully explained 89.71%-92.92%of total ARG and MGE abundances.Specifically,gene aph(3 )-I,transposase tnpA,and Mycolicibacterium were the primary drivers of the resistance dissemination system.This study also proposes efficient resistance mitigation measures,and provides recommendations for future management of antibiotic fermentation residue.展开更多
Against the backdrop of the global push for environmental protection and the reduction of plastic pollution,the research and development of alternatives to daily disposable plastic products such as straws have become ...Against the backdrop of the global push for environmental protection and the reduction of plastic pollution,the research and development of alternatives to daily disposable plastic products such as straws have become a hot topic in the environmental protection field.Traditional plastic straws are difficult to degrade,imposing a severe burden on the environment.Meanwhile,existing alternatives like paper straws and PLA(polylactic acid)straws also have numerous drawbacks.展开更多
Colloids are prevalent in nuclear waste repositories,with bentonite colloids posing an uncontrollable risk factor for nuclide migration processes.In this study,static adsorption experiments were coupled with dynamic s...Colloids are prevalent in nuclear waste repositories,with bentonite colloids posing an uncontrollable risk factor for nuclide migration processes.In this study,static adsorption experiments were coupled with dynamic shower experiments to comprehensively investigate the influence of bentonite colloids on Sr^(2+)migration in granite,considering adsorption capacity.Bentonite colloids have a considerably greater adsorption capacity than both bentonite and granite,with a maximum adsorption of 30.303 mg/g.The adsorption behavior of bentonite colloids on Sr^(2+)is well described by the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models,indicating that a single-layer chemical adsorption process is controlled by the site activation energy.The adsorbed Sr^(2+)is unevenly distributed on the colloids,and the adsorption mechanism may involve ion exchange with Ca.Bentonite colloids exhibit superior adsorption in neutral environments.The cations in groundwater inhibit Sr^(2+)adsorption,and the inhibition efficacy decreases in the order Fe^(3+)>Ca^(2+)>Mg^(2+)>K^(+).The presence of bentonite colloids in a granite column slightly influences the retention of Sr^(2+)in the column while markedly reducing the Sr^(2+)penetration time from 70 h to 18 h.However,the coexistence of Co^(2+),Ni^(2+),and Cs^(+)in a multinuclide system weakens the ability of the colloids to promote Sr^(2+)migration.In comigration of colloid and multinuclide systems,the adsorption of nuclides by bentonite colloids causes the nuclide migration speed to decrease in the order Sr^(2+)>Cs^(+)>Ni^(2+)>Co^(2+).This study provides insights into Sr^(2+)migration in cave repositories for low-and medium-level radioactive waste.展开更多
Predicting the gas breakthrough pressure of saturated compacted bentonite is crucial for ensuring the long-term safe operation of deep geological repositories for the disposal of high-level radioactive nuclear wastes....Predicting the gas breakthrough pressure of saturated compacted bentonite is crucial for ensuring the long-term safe operation of deep geological repositories for the disposal of high-level radioactive nuclear wastes.In this work,the swelling pressure,water injection,gas injection and mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)tests on saturated compacted Gaomiaozi(GMZ)bentonite specimens with a dry density of 1.3 Mg/m^(3),1.4 Mg/m^(3),1.5 Mg/m^(3),1.6 Mg/m^(3) and 1.7 Mg/m^(3) were conducted.Subsequently,the relationships between the swelling pressure and average inter-particle distance,as well as between the gas entry pressure and the maximum effective pore size were analyzed and established.Considering that gas migration and breakthrough are all closely related to the pore structures of the tested geomaterials,a novel gas breakthrough pressure prediction model based on the pore size distribution(PSD)curve was constructed using an existing prediction model based on gas entry pressure and swelling pressure.Finally,based on the test results of the specimens 1.5 Mg/m^(3),1.6 Mg/m^(3) and 1.7 Mg/m^(3),gas breakthrough pressures of the specimens with dry densities of 1.3 Mg/m^(3) and 1.4 Mg/m^(3) were predicted.The results show that the calculated gas breakthrough pressures of 0.76 MPa and 1.28 MPa are very close to the measured values of 0.80 MPa and 1.30 MPa,validating the accuracy of the proposed model.展开更多
In the context of global COVID-19 epidemic preparedness,the extensive use of disposable surgical masks(DSM)may lead to its emergence as a main new source of microplastics in the environment.Nowadays,DSMs have become a...In the context of global COVID-19 epidemic preparedness,the extensive use of disposable surgical masks(DSM)may lead to its emergence as a main new source of microplastics in the environment.Nowadays,DSMs have become a non-negligible source of plastic waste in aquatic environment,however,less research has been done on DSM after biofilm colonization in freshwater environment.The study investigated the microbial community of DSM-associated biofilms by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Analysis of the microbial community in the middle and inner/outer layers of the DSM showed that the middle layer was different from the remaining two layers and that potential pathogens were enriched only in the middle layer of the DSM.Herein,we focused on the middle layer and explored the characterization properties and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)components changes during biofilm formation.The results showed that the EPS components varied with the biofilm incubation time.As the formation of biofilm,the protein(PN)and polysaccharide(PS)in EPS showed an overall increasing trend,and the growth of PS was well synchronized with PN.Three fluorescent components of EPS were determined by the three-dimensional excitation emission matrix(3D-EEM),including humic acid-like,fulvic acid-like,and aromatic protein-like components.The percentage of fluorescent components varied with increasing biofilm development time and then stabilized.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)characterization results elucidated the emergence of oxygen-containing functional groups during biofilm formation.Moreover,the hydrophilicity increased with biofilm development.In conclusion,the environmental behavior and ecological risks of DSM in aquatic environment deserve urgent attention in future studies.展开更多
In July 2025,Claudio Descalzi,CEO of Italian oil company Eni,stated in an interview with the Financial Times that Eni’s low-carbon business operating profits would equal those of its oil and gas business by 2035 and ...In July 2025,Claudio Descalzi,CEO of Italian oil company Eni,stated in an interview with the Financial Times that Eni’s low-carbon business operating profits would equal those of its oil and gas business by 2035 and exceed oil and gas business profits by 2040.Meanwhile,British oil company bp is scaling back its low-carbon business under shareholder pressure,returning to traditional oil and gas operations,and plans to gradually dispose of USD 20 billion worth of low-carbon business assets such as onshore wind farms,aiming to increase oil and gas production to 2.3−2.5 million boe per day by 2030.Two European oil companies are heading in completely different strategic directions.In the future,whether Eni can achieve its expected goals of making renewable energy business a key core business,as well as what development strategies oil and gas companies should implement and adhere to,are questions worthy of deep consideration.展开更多
An important challenge in ensuring the long-term effectiveness of geological nuclear waste disposal is predicting the transportation of decay heat and gases released from nuclear waste canisters.In this study,thermo-h...An important challenge in ensuring the long-term effectiveness of geological nuclear waste disposal is predicting the transportation of decay heat and gases released from nuclear waste canisters.In this study,thermo-hydromechanical(THM)coupled simulations were conducted using the TOUGH + FLAC3D simulator to predict the THM behaviors of a generic nuclear waste repository over 100,000 years following closure.The designed engineered barrier system(EBS)consists of the waste canister,backfill,and concrete liner.The objective of this study is to evaluate the long-term performance of the repository in the presence of continued hydrogen(H_(2))and heat release around the canister.The simulation results show that thermal pressurization and gas accumulation significantly raise the pore pressure within the EBS and surrounding host rock,while the peak pore pressure is not likely to exceed the lithostatic stress so that there is no risk of widespread hydro-fracturing in the host rock.However,tension failure and fracturing can occur at the tunnel scale because of internal gas buildup.Meanwhile,the generated H_(2) continuously migrates outward and tends to accumulate in the concrete liner and excavation disturbed zone surrounding the tunnel because of lower capillary pressure.Nevertheless,the fluids that may contain radionuclides will not leach into the confining units over a 100,000-year time frame.Our analysis indicates that for the assumed disposal system in Opalinus Clay,the generated heat and gas can gradually be transported through the host rock without significantly disturbing the isolation characteristics of the repository.展开更多
In recent years,the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)has fostered deep integration between large AI models and robotic technology.Robots such as robotic dogs capable of carrying heavy loads on mountaino...In recent years,the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)has fostered deep integration between large AI models and robotic technology.Robots such as robotic dogs capable of carrying heavy loads on mountainous terrain or performing waste disposal tasks and humanoid robots that can execute high-precision component installations have gradually reached the public eye,raising expectations for embodied intelligent robots.展开更多
In recent years,there has been an intensifying focus within the soil contamination prevention and remediation sector,both domestically and internationally,on the off-site disposal of contaminated soils.The United Stat...In recent years,there has been an intensifying focus within the soil contamination prevention and remediation sector,both domestically and internationally,on the off-site disposal of contaminated soils.The United States and Japan,as pioneers in this field,have formulated and implemented a suite of policy standards and practical measures for the regional collaborative management of off-site soil disposal.This paper meticulously reviews and evaluates the existing research on the regional collaborative management of off-site soil disposal,analyzing the experiences and strategies of the United States and Japan from the perspectives of regulatory systems and practical implementation.In light of China’s specific circumstances,it proposes a series of strategic recommendations for the adaptation of these international experiences to the Chinese context.These include enhancement of Chinese legal standards for the regional collaborative management of contaminated land soil off-site disposal,improvement of risk control standards for soil pollution and specific regulations for off-site disposal,as well as delineation of objective criteria to define the scope of collaborative management.展开更多
This systematic review assessed the safety and efficacy of the disposable circumcision suture device （DCSD） and conventional circumcision （CC） in the treatment of redundant prepuce and phimosis. Two independent re...This systematic review assessed the safety and efficacy of the disposable circumcision suture device （DCSD） and conventional circumcision （CC） in the treatment of redundant prepuce and phimosis. Two independent reviewers conducted a literature search for randomized controlled trials （RCTs） using the DCSD and CC for the treatment of redundant prepuce or phimosis in China and abroad. Nine RCTs （1898 cases） were included. Compared with the CC group, the DCSD group had a shorter operative time （standardized mean difference [SMD] = -21.44; 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs] [-25.08, -17.79]; P 〈 0.00001）, shorter wound healing time （SMD = -3.66; 95% CI [-5.46, -1.85]; P 〈 0.0001）, less intraoperative blood loss （SMD = -9.64; 95% CI [-11.37, -7.90]; P 〈 0.00001）, better cosmetic penile appearance （odds ratio [OR] =8.77; 95% CI [5.90, 13.02]; P 〈 0.00001）, lower intraoperative pain score, lower 24-h postoperative pain score, lower incidence of infection, less incision edema, and fewer adverse events. There were no differences between the CC and DCSD groups in the incidences of dehiscence, or hematoma. The results of this meta-analysis indicate that the DCSD appears to be safer and more effective than CC. However, additional high-quality RCTs with larger study populations are needed.展开更多
The mission of nuclear safety authorities in national radioactive waste disposal programmes is to ensure that people and the environment are protected against the hazards of ionising radiations emitted by the waste.It...The mission of nuclear safety authorities in national radioactive waste disposal programmes is to ensure that people and the environment are protected against the hazards of ionising radiations emitted by the waste.It implies the establishment of safety requirements and the oversight of the activities of the waste management organisation in charge of implementing the programme.In Belgium,the safety requirements for geological disposal rest on the following principles:defence-in-depth,demonstrability and the radiation protection principles elaborated by the International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP).Applying these principles requires notably an appropriate identification and characterisation of the processes upon which the safety functions fulfilled by the disposal system rely and of the processes that may affect the system performance.Therefore,research and development(R&D)on safety-relevant thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)issues is important to build confidence in the safety assessment.This paper points out the key THMC processes that might influence radionuclide transport in a disposal system and its surrounding environment,considering the dynamic nature of these processes.Their nature and significance are expected to change according to prevailing internal and external conditions,which evolve from the repository construction phase to the whole heatingecooling cycle of decaying waste after closure.As these processes have a potential impact on safety,it is essential to identify and to understand them properly when developing a disposal concept to ensure compliance with relevant safety requirements.In particular,the investigation of THMC processes is needed to manage uncertainties.This includes the identification and characterisation of uncertainties as well as for the understanding of their safety-relevance.R&D may also be necessary to reduce uncertainties of which the magnitude does not allow demonstrating the safety of the disposal system.展开更多
The projected 300% growth rate in the population of Enugu area and its environs by the year 2020 and the expected increase in waste generation necessitated the need to map out areas for waste disposal for future utili...The projected 300% growth rate in the population of Enugu area and its environs by the year 2020 and the expected increase in waste generation necessitated the need to map out areas for waste disposal for future utilization and as a protective strategy for the environment in Enugu area. Land capability index mapping using Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the appropriate tools required for solving this problem. A total of 12 landuse determinants were selected as thematic data layers, and as basic factors influencing the choice of waste disposal landuse option in the area. The themes (thematic maps) generated from field/laboratory measurements and from literature, include slope, water table, surface and subsurface water conditions, elevation, geology, soil, drainage and geo-structural stability (fault, erosion, landslide and flooding) maps. The maps were scanned, digitized, georeferenced, and polygonized using autocard drawing capabilities to convert them into vector format and later exported to arc view software for analysis. The final processing using overlay model builder yields layers that display areas of preferred waste disposal sites in a map form, which generally shows areas of varying suitability (suitable, moderately (low) suitable and unsuitable). The waste disposal map of Enugu area shows that blocks1 (Obeagu area) and 3 (Ebe/Nsude areas) represent suitable and unsuitable areas, respectively, while block 2 (Ngwo area) has low suitability for waste disposal.展开更多
Unused medications have the possibility of being abused, causing serious harm to individuals who were not prescribed the drug. The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) recommends the proper disposal of unused prescribed ...Unused medications have the possibility of being abused, causing serious harm to individuals who were not prescribed the drug. The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) recommends the proper disposal of unused prescribed medications to maintain safety and prevent environmental hazards. However, many of the current disposal techniques do not properly address safety. A drug disposal pouch containing granular activated carbon offers a unique disposal method to deactivate residual or expired medication in a convenient, effective, and safe manner. A robust and validated method for methylphenidate hydrochloride and loxapine succinate was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and the deactivation efficiency of the disposal system was tested. Methylphenidate hydrochloride was analyzed on a C18 analytical column(250 mm ?4.60 mm, 100?) using acetonitrile-water(0.05%(v/v) trifluoroacetic acid) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of1.0 mL/min with a run time of 15 min and retention time of 7.8 min. Loxapine succinate was separated on a C8100?(250 mm ? 4.6 mm, 5 mm) column maintained at 25 °C using a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The run time was 10 min and the retention time of the drug was around 4.6 min. Mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and water(0.3% triethylamine) at pH 3.0 as 40:60(v/v). Reference standard solutions(100 mg/mL) for both drugs were prepared by dissolving in mobile phases. These methods provide good linearity(R2? 0.999) over the range of 5–100 mg/mL for methylphenidate hydrochloride and 0.1–100 mg/mL for loxapine succinate. The assay methods were successfully applied to study the deactivation of these drugs.展开更多
The integration of the photocatalytic effect into solar steam is highly desirable for addressing freshwater shortages and water pollution.Here,a ternary film structure for the adsorption and photothermal and photocata...The integration of the photocatalytic effect into solar steam is highly desirable for addressing freshwater shortages and water pollution.Here,a ternary film structure for the adsorption and photothermal and photocatalytic treatment of wastewater was designed by combining the technique of self-assembled carbon nano paper with a nitrogen composite titanium dioxide(N-TiO_(2))deposited on the surface of carbon nanotubes(CNT)using polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)as a substrate.The photogeneration of reactive oxygen species can be promoted by rapid oxygen diffusion at the three-phase interface,whereas the interfacial photothermal effect promotes subsequent free radical reactions for the degradation of rhodamine B(93%).The freshwater evaporation rate is 1.35 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1)and the solar-to-water evaporation efficiency is 94%.Importantly,the N-TiO_(2)/CNT/PVDF(N-TCP)film not only effectively resists mechanical damage from the environment and maintains structural integrity,but can also be made into a large film for outdoor experiments in a large solar energy conversion device to collect fresh water from polluted water and degrade organic dyes in source water simultaneously,opening the way for applications in energy conversion and storage.展开更多
One of the major concepts of the geological disposal of high level radioactive waste is to enclose a metallic container with bentonite buffer which is considered to be impermeable and chemically stable. Since the aver...One of the major concepts of the geological disposal of high level radioactive waste is to enclose a metallic container with bentonite buffer which is considered to be impermeable and chemically stable. Since the average density of the container is around 6 to 7 and very heavy compared to bentonite, the scenario of container sinking has been evaluated because excess sinking makes short the pathway of nuclide migration in the bentonite and is detrimental to the safety of the disposal system. Previous considerations on container sinking have been made from the viewpoint of mechanical deformation of the bentonite. In this paper, a chemical deformation process is presented as another mechanism of container sinking, which has not been previously considered for the container sinking in the field of radioactive waste disposal. The chemical deformation mentioned in this paper is the deformation through the process of pressure solution of minerals constituting the buffer, transportation by diffusion and precipitation. That such chemical deformation is a ubiquitous phenomenon occurring in various scales in the crust of the earth will be shown through the review of previous works. Then, some future research topics will be suggested which would be required in order to evaluate the container sinking in the safety case for radioactive waste disposal.展开更多
文摘With a population of 1.4 billion in China and a huge daily output of kitchen waste,intelligent treatment of kitchen waste is imperative.This article elaborates on the design and implementation of an intelligent monitoring and early warning system from five aspects:system architecture design,hardware equipment selection and configuration,data collection and processing flow,early warning algorithm and model development,and system integration and testing verification.It also points out the advantages of the intelligent monitoring and early warning system in kitchen waste treatment.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Plan of China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.(J2022G007)China Academy of Railway Sciences Group Co.,Ltd.(2023YJ103).
文摘Amidst China's aggressive expansion of its high-speed rail network,the intersection of these lines with seismic fault zones has elevated the risk profile for high-speed rail travel.To counteract the potential dangers posed by seismic disturbances,China has introduced a comprehensive high-speed railway earthquake early-warning system.This article presents an in-depth examination of this system,encompassing aspects such as its developmental evolution,architectural design,and pivotal technologies.Furthermore,it ventures into the realm of future enhancements and developmental pathways for the system,fusing emergent findings from earthquake early warning research with advancements in artificial intelligence.
文摘BACKGROUND Conventional reusable endoscopes have high disinfection costs because of their large size.In this study,we compared the effectiveness,safety,and operation performance of the portable disposable large-channel endoscope that we developed with those of a conventional gastroscope in endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).AIM To compare two gastroscopes in ESD for effectiveness and safety.METHODS Ten Bama pigs were subjected to gastroscopy and ESD after general anesthesia.The experiment was completed by four experienced endoscopists.First,two endoscopists randomly selected the portable disposable large-channel or conventional gastroscope to complete gastroscopy procedures.The other two endoscopists assessed the quality of endoscopic images.After endoscopy,all of the endoscopists randomly used the portable disposable large-channel endoscope or the conventional gastroscope for ESD.Endoscopic operation performance,submucosal dissection time,total procedure time,total submucosal injection volume,specimen size,success rate of en bloc resection,muscular injury rate,and complications were compared between the endoscopes.RESULTS No significant differences in gastroscopy duration or in the integrity,sharpness,saturation,and brightness of the gastroscopic images were observed between the gastroscopes.For ESD,no significant differences in endoscopic operation performance,incision time,submucosal dissection time,total procedure time,total submucosal injection volume,specimen size,or success rate of en bloc resection were observed between the gastroscopes.Neither gastroscope caused muscular injury or treatment-related complica-tions.CONCLUSION The portable disposable large-channel endoscope can be used safely and effectively for gastroscopy and treatment.
基金supported by the French National Agency for radioactive waste management(ANDRA).
文摘This work is devoted to numerical analysis of thermo-hydromechanical problem and cracking process in saturated porous media in the context of deep geological disposal of radioactive waste.The fundamental background of thermo-poro-elastoplasticity theory is first summarized.The emphasis is put on the effect of pore fluid pressure on plastic deformation.A micromechanics-based elastoplastic model is then presented for a class of clayey rocks considered as host rock.Based on linear and nonlinear homogenization techniques,the proposed model is able to systematically account for the influences of porosity and mineral composition on macroscopic elastic properties and plastic yield strength.The initial anisotropy and time-dependent deformation are also taken into account.The induced cracking process is described by using a non-local damage model.A specific hybrid formulation is proposed,able to conveniently capture tensile,shear and mixed cracks.In particular,the influences of pore pressure and confining stress on the shear cracking mechanism are taken into account.The proposed model is applied to investigating thermo-hydromechanical responses and induced damage evolution in laboratory tests at the sample scale.In the last part,an in situ heating experiment is analyzed by using the proposed model.Numerical results are compared with experimental data and field measurements in terms of temperature variation,pore fluid pressure change and induced damaged zone.
基金supported by the Polluted Site Remediation Project of Gao Village,Puji Street,Zhangqiu District,Jinan City,Shandong Provincefinancially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42072331,U1906209)the Taishan Scholar Foundation(No.tstp20230626)。
文摘Mine water pollution caused by improper discharge of industrial wastewater,waste liquid and waste residue into minedout areas is a new form of pollution occurred in China in recent years.This kind of pollution is buried deeply,and it is difficult to control,dispose and repair.Deep contaminated mine water from abandoned mining areas may even enter the ocean,posing a great threat to marine ecosystems.In this study,using a water pollution incident occurred in a coal field at a depth of 80 m in Shandong Province,China,in 2015,as an example,the methods of engineering block disposal and groundwater remediation are reported,and the remediation effects are tested and evaluated by in-situ chemical detection and geophysical surveys.The test results showed that engineering blocking measures such as cut-off walls can obviously block the DNAPL diffusion process in mine water,but the blocking effect on organic pollutants dissolved in water was limited.It can slow down the diffusion process of organic gas.The presence of mining tunnels and mined-out areas in the contaminated zone enhances the diffusion speed of various pollutants,especially during the remediation process when pollutants rapidly spread throughout the entire contaminated area.Groundwater circulation extraction and oxidation methods have a significant degradation effect on pollutants like dichloromethane,but they may generate a large amount of secondary gaseous pollutants.These gaseous pollutants may migrate to the shallow subsurface through structures such as faults,leading to secondary subsurface contamination.When designing remediation plans,it is crucial to strike a balance between blocking and guiding in the context of both blocking and restoration projects for achieving effective remediation.
基金supported by the Special Project of Basic Scientific Research Business of Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes (No.2019YSKY-027).
文摘Erythromycin fermentation residue(EFR)represents a typical hazardous waste produced by the microbial pharmaceutical industry.Although electrolysis is promising for EFR disposal,its microbial threats remain unclear.Herein,metagenomics was coupled with the random forest technique to decipher the antibiotic resistance patterns of electrochemically treated EFR.Results showed that 95.75%of erythromycin could be removed in 2 hr.Electrolysis temporarily influenced EFRmicrobiota,where the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria increased,while those of Fusobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroidetes decreased.A total of 505 antibiotic resistance gene(ARG)subtypes encoding resistance to 21 antibiotic types and 150 mobile genetic elements(MGEs),mainly including plasmid(72)and transposase(52)were assembled in EFR.Significant linear regression models were identified among microbial richness,ARG subtypes,and MGE numbers(r^(2)=0.50-0.81,p<0.001).Physicochemical factors of EFR(Total nitrogen,total organic carbon,protein,and humus)regulated ARG and MGE assembly(%IncMSE value=5.14-14.85).The core ARG,MGE,and microbe sets(93.08%-99.85%)successfully explained 89.71%-92.92%of total ARG and MGE abundances.Specifically,gene aph(3 )-I,transposase tnpA,and Mycolicibacterium were the primary drivers of the resistance dissemination system.This study also proposes efficient resistance mitigation measures,and provides recommendations for future management of antibiotic fermentation residue.
文摘Against the backdrop of the global push for environmental protection and the reduction of plastic pollution,the research and development of alternatives to daily disposable plastic products such as straws have become a hot topic in the environmental protection field.Traditional plastic straws are difficult to degrade,imposing a severe burden on the environment.Meanwhile,existing alternatives like paper straws and PLA(polylactic acid)straws also have numerous drawbacks.
基金supported by the General Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42377413).
文摘Colloids are prevalent in nuclear waste repositories,with bentonite colloids posing an uncontrollable risk factor for nuclide migration processes.In this study,static adsorption experiments were coupled with dynamic shower experiments to comprehensively investigate the influence of bentonite colloids on Sr^(2+)migration in granite,considering adsorption capacity.Bentonite colloids have a considerably greater adsorption capacity than both bentonite and granite,with a maximum adsorption of 30.303 mg/g.The adsorption behavior of bentonite colloids on Sr^(2+)is well described by the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models,indicating that a single-layer chemical adsorption process is controlled by the site activation energy.The adsorbed Sr^(2+)is unevenly distributed on the colloids,and the adsorption mechanism may involve ion exchange with Ca.Bentonite colloids exhibit superior adsorption in neutral environments.The cations in groundwater inhibit Sr^(2+)adsorption,and the inhibition efficacy decreases in the order Fe^(3+)>Ca^(2+)>Mg^(2+)>K^(+).The presence of bentonite colloids in a granite column slightly influences the retention of Sr^(2+)in the column while markedly reducing the Sr^(2+)penetration time from 70 h to 18 h.However,the coexistence of Co^(2+),Ni^(2+),and Cs^(+)in a multinuclide system weakens the ability of the colloids to promote Sr^(2+)migration.In comigration of colloid and multinuclide systems,the adsorption of nuclides by bentonite colloids causes the nuclide migration speed to decrease in the order Sr^(2+)>Cs^(+)>Ni^(2+)>Co^(2+).This study provides insights into Sr^(2+)migration in cave repositories for low-and medium-level radioactive waste.
基金the National Natural Science Foundationof China (Grant No. 42030714).
文摘Predicting the gas breakthrough pressure of saturated compacted bentonite is crucial for ensuring the long-term safe operation of deep geological repositories for the disposal of high-level radioactive nuclear wastes.In this work,the swelling pressure,water injection,gas injection and mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)tests on saturated compacted Gaomiaozi(GMZ)bentonite specimens with a dry density of 1.3 Mg/m^(3),1.4 Mg/m^(3),1.5 Mg/m^(3),1.6 Mg/m^(3) and 1.7 Mg/m^(3) were conducted.Subsequently,the relationships between the swelling pressure and average inter-particle distance,as well as between the gas entry pressure and the maximum effective pore size were analyzed and established.Considering that gas migration and breakthrough are all closely related to the pore structures of the tested geomaterials,a novel gas breakthrough pressure prediction model based on the pore size distribution(PSD)curve was constructed using an existing prediction model based on gas entry pressure and swelling pressure.Finally,based on the test results of the specimens 1.5 Mg/m^(3),1.6 Mg/m^(3) and 1.7 Mg/m^(3),gas breakthrough pressures of the specimens with dry densities of 1.3 Mg/m^(3) and 1.4 Mg/m^(3) were predicted.The results show that the calculated gas breakthrough pressures of 0.76 MPa and 1.28 MPa are very close to the measured values of 0.80 MPa and 1.30 MPa,validating the accuracy of the proposed model.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2022MD115,ZR202111160067)。
文摘In the context of global COVID-19 epidemic preparedness,the extensive use of disposable surgical masks(DSM)may lead to its emergence as a main new source of microplastics in the environment.Nowadays,DSMs have become a non-negligible source of plastic waste in aquatic environment,however,less research has been done on DSM after biofilm colonization in freshwater environment.The study investigated the microbial community of DSM-associated biofilms by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Analysis of the microbial community in the middle and inner/outer layers of the DSM showed that the middle layer was different from the remaining two layers and that potential pathogens were enriched only in the middle layer of the DSM.Herein,we focused on the middle layer and explored the characterization properties and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)components changes during biofilm formation.The results showed that the EPS components varied with the biofilm incubation time.As the formation of biofilm,the protein(PN)and polysaccharide(PS)in EPS showed an overall increasing trend,and the growth of PS was well synchronized with PN.Three fluorescent components of EPS were determined by the three-dimensional excitation emission matrix(3D-EEM),including humic acid-like,fulvic acid-like,and aromatic protein-like components.The percentage of fluorescent components varied with increasing biofilm development time and then stabilized.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)characterization results elucidated the emergence of oxygen-containing functional groups during biofilm formation.Moreover,the hydrophilicity increased with biofilm development.In conclusion,the environmental behavior and ecological risks of DSM in aquatic environment deserve urgent attention in future studies.
文摘In July 2025,Claudio Descalzi,CEO of Italian oil company Eni,stated in an interview with the Financial Times that Eni’s low-carbon business operating profits would equal those of its oil and gas business by 2035 and exceed oil and gas business profits by 2040.Meanwhile,British oil company bp is scaling back its low-carbon business under shareholder pressure,returning to traditional oil and gas operations,and plans to gradually dispose of USD 20 billion worth of low-carbon business assets such as onshore wind farms,aiming to increase oil and gas production to 2.3−2.5 million boe per day by 2030.Two European oil companies are heading in completely different strategic directions.In the future,whether Eni can achieve its expected goals of making renewable energy business a key core business,as well as what development strategies oil and gas companies should implement and adhere to,are questions worthy of deep consideration.
基金Funding was provided by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Nuclear Energy,Spent Fuel and Waste Disposition,under Contract Number DE-AC02-05CH11231 with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory(LBNL).
文摘An important challenge in ensuring the long-term effectiveness of geological nuclear waste disposal is predicting the transportation of decay heat and gases released from nuclear waste canisters.In this study,thermo-hydromechanical(THM)coupled simulations were conducted using the TOUGH + FLAC3D simulator to predict the THM behaviors of a generic nuclear waste repository over 100,000 years following closure.The designed engineered barrier system(EBS)consists of the waste canister,backfill,and concrete liner.The objective of this study is to evaluate the long-term performance of the repository in the presence of continued hydrogen(H_(2))and heat release around the canister.The simulation results show that thermal pressurization and gas accumulation significantly raise the pore pressure within the EBS and surrounding host rock,while the peak pore pressure is not likely to exceed the lithostatic stress so that there is no risk of widespread hydro-fracturing in the host rock.However,tension failure and fracturing can occur at the tunnel scale because of internal gas buildup.Meanwhile,the generated H_(2) continuously migrates outward and tends to accumulate in the concrete liner and excavation disturbed zone surrounding the tunnel because of lower capillary pressure.Nevertheless,the fluids that may contain radionuclides will not leach into the confining units over a 100,000-year time frame.Our analysis indicates that for the assumed disposal system in Opalinus Clay,the generated heat and gas can gradually be transported through the host rock without significantly disturbing the isolation characteristics of the repository.
文摘In recent years,the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)has fostered deep integration between large AI models and robotic technology.Robots such as robotic dogs capable of carrying heavy loads on mountainous terrain or performing waste disposal tasks and humanoid robots that can execute high-precision component installations have gradually reached the public eye,raising expectations for embodied intelligent robots.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20&ZD091)the National Social Science Fund on the Spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(Grant No.22ZDA109)+1 种基金the 2024 Innovative Talents International Cooperation Training Program of the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202406720002)the the 2024 Hunan Provincial Education Department Graduate Innovation Research Project(Grant No.CX20240485).
文摘In recent years,there has been an intensifying focus within the soil contamination prevention and remediation sector,both domestically and internationally,on the off-site disposal of contaminated soils.The United States and Japan,as pioneers in this field,have formulated and implemented a suite of policy standards and practical measures for the regional collaborative management of off-site soil disposal.This paper meticulously reviews and evaluates the existing research on the regional collaborative management of off-site soil disposal,analyzing the experiences and strategies of the United States and Japan from the perspectives of regulatory systems and practical implementation.In light of China’s specific circumstances,it proposes a series of strategic recommendations for the adaptation of these international experiences to the Chinese context.These include enhancement of Chinese legal standards for the regional collaborative management of contaminated land soil off-site disposal,improvement of risk control standards for soil pollution and specific regulations for off-site disposal,as well as delineation of objective criteria to define the scope of collaborative management.
文摘This systematic review assessed the safety and efficacy of the disposable circumcision suture device （DCSD） and conventional circumcision （CC） in the treatment of redundant prepuce and phimosis. Two independent reviewers conducted a literature search for randomized controlled trials （RCTs） using the DCSD and CC for the treatment of redundant prepuce or phimosis in China and abroad. Nine RCTs （1898 cases） were included. Compared with the CC group, the DCSD group had a shorter operative time （standardized mean difference [SMD] = -21.44; 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs] [-25.08, -17.79]; P 〈 0.00001）, shorter wound healing time （SMD = -3.66; 95% CI [-5.46, -1.85]; P 〈 0.0001）, less intraoperative blood loss （SMD = -9.64; 95% CI [-11.37, -7.90]; P 〈 0.00001）, better cosmetic penile appearance （odds ratio [OR] =8.77; 95% CI [5.90, 13.02]; P 〈 0.00001）, lower intraoperative pain score, lower 24-h postoperative pain score, lower incidence of infection, less incision edema, and fewer adverse events. There were no differences between the CC and DCSD groups in the incidences of dehiscence, or hematoma. The results of this meta-analysis indicate that the DCSD appears to be safer and more effective than CC. However, additional high-quality RCTs with larger study populations are needed.
文摘The mission of nuclear safety authorities in national radioactive waste disposal programmes is to ensure that people and the environment are protected against the hazards of ionising radiations emitted by the waste.It implies the establishment of safety requirements and the oversight of the activities of the waste management organisation in charge of implementing the programme.In Belgium,the safety requirements for geological disposal rest on the following principles:defence-in-depth,demonstrability and the radiation protection principles elaborated by the International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP).Applying these principles requires notably an appropriate identification and characterisation of the processes upon which the safety functions fulfilled by the disposal system rely and of the processes that may affect the system performance.Therefore,research and development(R&D)on safety-relevant thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)issues is important to build confidence in the safety assessment.This paper points out the key THMC processes that might influence radionuclide transport in a disposal system and its surrounding environment,considering the dynamic nature of these processes.Their nature and significance are expected to change according to prevailing internal and external conditions,which evolve from the repository construction phase to the whole heatingecooling cycle of decaying waste after closure.As these processes have a potential impact on safety,it is essential to identify and to understand them properly when developing a disposal concept to ensure compliance with relevant safety requirements.In particular,the investigation of THMC processes is needed to manage uncertainties.This includes the identification and characterisation of uncertainties as well as for the understanding of their safety-relevance.R&D may also be necessary to reduce uncertainties of which the magnitude does not allow demonstrating the safety of the disposal system.
文摘The projected 300% growth rate in the population of Enugu area and its environs by the year 2020 and the expected increase in waste generation necessitated the need to map out areas for waste disposal for future utilization and as a protective strategy for the environment in Enugu area. Land capability index mapping using Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the appropriate tools required for solving this problem. A total of 12 landuse determinants were selected as thematic data layers, and as basic factors influencing the choice of waste disposal landuse option in the area. The themes (thematic maps) generated from field/laboratory measurements and from literature, include slope, water table, surface and subsurface water conditions, elevation, geology, soil, drainage and geo-structural stability (fault, erosion, landslide and flooding) maps. The maps were scanned, digitized, georeferenced, and polygonized using autocard drawing capabilities to convert them into vector format and later exported to arc view software for analysis. The final processing using overlay model builder yields layers that display areas of preferred waste disposal sites in a map form, which generally shows areas of varying suitability (suitable, moderately (low) suitable and unsuitable). The waste disposal map of Enugu area shows that blocks1 (Obeagu area) and 3 (Ebe/Nsude areas) represent suitable and unsuitable areas, respectively, while block 2 (Ngwo area) has low suitability for waste disposal.
基金funded by Verde Technologies(Minnetonka,MN,USA)as an SBIR PhaseⅡcontract from the National Institute on Drug Abuse(NIDA).Title:In-Home Deactivation System for Psychoactive Drugs(SBIR Phase 2),Contract no.HHSN271201400068C NIDA Reference no.N44DA-14-4420
文摘Unused medications have the possibility of being abused, causing serious harm to individuals who were not prescribed the drug. The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) recommends the proper disposal of unused prescribed medications to maintain safety and prevent environmental hazards. However, many of the current disposal techniques do not properly address safety. A drug disposal pouch containing granular activated carbon offers a unique disposal method to deactivate residual or expired medication in a convenient, effective, and safe manner. A robust and validated method for methylphenidate hydrochloride and loxapine succinate was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and the deactivation efficiency of the disposal system was tested. Methylphenidate hydrochloride was analyzed on a C18 analytical column(250 mm ?4.60 mm, 100?) using acetonitrile-water(0.05%(v/v) trifluoroacetic acid) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of1.0 mL/min with a run time of 15 min and retention time of 7.8 min. Loxapine succinate was separated on a C8100?(250 mm ? 4.6 mm, 5 mm) column maintained at 25 °C using a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The run time was 10 min and the retention time of the drug was around 4.6 min. Mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and water(0.3% triethylamine) at pH 3.0 as 40:60(v/v). Reference standard solutions(100 mg/mL) for both drugs were prepared by dissolving in mobile phases. These methods provide good linearity(R2? 0.999) over the range of 5–100 mg/mL for methylphenidate hydrochloride and 0.1–100 mg/mL for loxapine succinate. The assay methods were successfully applied to study the deactivation of these drugs.
基金Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(Y202250501)SRT Research Project of Jiaxing Nanhu University。
文摘The integration of the photocatalytic effect into solar steam is highly desirable for addressing freshwater shortages and water pollution.Here,a ternary film structure for the adsorption and photothermal and photocatalytic treatment of wastewater was designed by combining the technique of self-assembled carbon nano paper with a nitrogen composite titanium dioxide(N-TiO_(2))deposited on the surface of carbon nanotubes(CNT)using polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)as a substrate.The photogeneration of reactive oxygen species can be promoted by rapid oxygen diffusion at the three-phase interface,whereas the interfacial photothermal effect promotes subsequent free radical reactions for the degradation of rhodamine B(93%).The freshwater evaporation rate is 1.35 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1)and the solar-to-water evaporation efficiency is 94%.Importantly,the N-TiO_(2)/CNT/PVDF(N-TCP)film not only effectively resists mechanical damage from the environment and maintains structural integrity,but can also be made into a large film for outdoor experiments in a large solar energy conversion device to collect fresh water from polluted water and degrade organic dyes in source water simultaneously,opening the way for applications in energy conversion and storage.
文摘One of the major concepts of the geological disposal of high level radioactive waste is to enclose a metallic container with bentonite buffer which is considered to be impermeable and chemically stable. Since the average density of the container is around 6 to 7 and very heavy compared to bentonite, the scenario of container sinking has been evaluated because excess sinking makes short the pathway of nuclide migration in the bentonite and is detrimental to the safety of the disposal system. Previous considerations on container sinking have been made from the viewpoint of mechanical deformation of the bentonite. In this paper, a chemical deformation process is presented as another mechanism of container sinking, which has not been previously considered for the container sinking in the field of radioactive waste disposal. The chemical deformation mentioned in this paper is the deformation through the process of pressure solution of minerals constituting the buffer, transportation by diffusion and precipitation. That such chemical deformation is a ubiquitous phenomenon occurring in various scales in the crust of the earth will be shown through the review of previous works. Then, some future research topics will be suggested which would be required in order to evaluate the container sinking in the safety case for radioactive waste disposal.
