Using the negative eigenvalue theory and the infinite order perturbation theory, a new method was developed to solve the eigenvectors of disordered systems. The result shows that eigenvectors change from the extended ...Using the negative eigenvalue theory and the infinite order perturbation theory, a new method was developed to solve the eigenvectors of disordered systems. The result shows that eigenvectors change from the extended state to the localized state with the increase of the site points and the disordered degree of the system. When electric field is exerted, the electrons transfer from one localized state to another one. The conductivity is induced by the electron transfer. The authors derive the formula of electron conductivity and find the electron hops between localized states whose energies are close to each other, whereas localized positions differ from each other greatly. At low temperature the disordered system has the character of the negative differential dependence of resistivity and temperature.展开更多
Based on a tight-binding disordered model describing a single electron band, we establish a direct current （de） electronic hopping transport conductance model of one-dimensional diagonal disordered systems, and also...Based on a tight-binding disordered model describing a single electron band, we establish a direct current （de） electronic hopping transport conductance model of one-dimensional diagonal disordered systems, and also derive a dc conductance formula. By calculating the dc conductivity, the relationships between electric field and conductivity and between temperature and conductivity are analysed, and the role played by the degree of disorder in electronic transport is studied. The results indicate the conductivity of systems decreasing with the increase of the degree of disorder, characteristics of negative differential dependence of resistance on temperature at, low temperatures in diagonal disordered systems, and the conductivity of systems decreasing with the increase of electric field, featuring the non-Ohm＇s law conductivity.展开更多
The Chern number is often used to distinguish different topological phases of matter in two-dimensional electron systems. A fast and efficient coupling-matrix method is designed to calculate the Chern number in finite...The Chern number is often used to distinguish different topological phases of matter in two-dimensional electron systems. A fast and efficient coupling-matrix method is designed to calculate the Chern number in finite crystalline and disordered systems. To show its effectiveness, we apply the approach to the Haldane model and the lattice Hofstadter model, and obtain the correct quantized Chern numbers. The disorder-induced topological phase transition is well reproduced, when the disorder strength is increased beyond the critical value. We expect the method to be widely applicable to the study of topological quantum numbers.展开更多
We analyze the spectral distribution of localisation in a 1D diagonally disordered chain of fragments each of which consist of m coupled two-level systems. The calculations performed by means of developed perturbation...We analyze the spectral distribution of localisation in a 1D diagonally disordered chain of fragments each of which consist of m coupled two-level systems. The calculations performed by means of developed perturbation theory for joint statistics of advanced and retarded Green’s functions. We show that this distribution is rather inhomogeneous and reveals spectral regions of weakly localized states with sharp peaks of the localization degree in the centers of these regions.展开更多
Lysosomal storage disorders and their impact upon the central nervous system:Lysosomal storage disorders(LSDs)are a group of over 70 rare inherited metabolic disorders(Platt et al.,2018).They are caused by dysfunction...Lysosomal storage disorders and their impact upon the central nervous system:Lysosomal storage disorders(LSDs)are a group of over 70 rare inherited metabolic disorders(Platt et al.,2018).They are caused by dysfunction of lysosomes,organelles that contain enzymes responsible for digesting macromolecules.In functional lysosomes,these enzymes break down complex substrates,and the resulting fragments are recycled.Individual LSDs are caused by mutations in genes that encode lysosomal enzymes or other proteins crucial for lysosome function(Platt et al.,2018).展开更多
Insomnia disorder negatively affects the quality of life of patients.Phototherapy has proven effective in treating sleep problems.This study aimed to summarize the impact of phototherapy on sleep quality in patients w...Insomnia disorder negatively affects the quality of life of patients.Phototherapy has proven effective in treating sleep problems.This study aimed to summarize the impact of phototherapy on sleep quality in patients with insomnia disorder and the factors influencing its effectiveness.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines and registered experiments on the PROSPERO website,retrieving 12 randomized controlled trials that included at least one sleep quality outcome measure available for analysis from the four databases.Meta-analysis was conducted using the RevMan software,using Mean Differences(MD)and its 95% Confidence Interval(CI)to evaluate treatment efficacy and the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool to assess bias risk.The results showed that phototherapy prolonged the total sleep time of patients,with the subgroup analysis indicating that this was related to the choice of phototherapy time and light intensity.Using high-intensity(≥2000l×)light in the morning may be more effective in improving sleep-related indicators.In summary,phototherapy improved the sleep quality of patients with insomnia disorder.However,owing to the limited sample size and heterogeneity of the included studies,more comprehensive experiments are needed to explore phototherapy conditions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an e...BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an evaluation index system for the mental health literacy of adolescent patients with mental disorders,providing a scientific,comprehensive,and reliable tool for the monitoring and intervention of mental health literacy of such patients.METHODS From December 2022 to June 2023,the evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders was developed through literature reviews,semi-structured interviews,expert letter consultations,and the analytic hierarchy process.Based on this index system,a self-assessment questionnaire was compiled and administered to 305 adolescents with mental disorders to test the reliability and validity of the index system.RESULTS The final evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators,and 52 third-level indicators.The overall Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the index system was 0.957,with a partial reliability of 0.826 and a content validity index of 0.975.The cumulative variance contribution rate of 10 common factors was 66.491%.The correlation coefficients between each dimension and the total questionnaire ranged from 0.672 to 0.724,while the correlation coefficients in each dimension ranged from 0.389 to 0.705.CONCLUSION The evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders,developed in this study,demonstrated notable reliability and validity,making it a valuable tool for evaluating mental health literacy in this population.展开更多
Objective:The increasing global prevalence of mental health disorders highlights the urgent need for the development of innovative diagnostic methods.Conditions such as anxiety,depression,stress,bipolar disorder(BD),a...Objective:The increasing global prevalence of mental health disorders highlights the urgent need for the development of innovative diagnostic methods.Conditions such as anxiety,depression,stress,bipolar disorder(BD),and autism spectrum disorder(ASD)frequently arise from the complex interplay of demographic,biological,and socioeconomic factors,resulting in aggravated symptoms.This review investigates machine intelligence approaches for the early detection and prediction of mental health conditions.Methods:The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses(PRISMA)framework was employed to conduct a systematic review and analysis covering the period 2018 to 2025.The potential impact of machine intelligence methods was assessed by considering various strategies,hybridization of algorithms,tools,techniques,and datasets,and their applicability.Results:Through a systematic review of studies concentrating on the prediction and evaluation of mental disorders using machine intelligence algorithms,advancements,limitations,and gaps in current methodologies were highlighted.The datasets and tools utilized in these investigations were examined,offering a detailed overview of the status of computational models in understanding and diagnosing mental health disorders.Recent research indicated considerable improvements in diagnostic accuracy and treatment effectiveness,particularly for depression and anxiety,which have shown the greatest methodological diversity and notable advancements in machine intelligence.Conclusions:Despite these improvements,challenges persist,including the need for more diverse datasets,ethical issues surrounding data privacy and algorithmic bias,and obstacles to integrating these technologies into clinical settings.This synthesis emphasizes the transformative potential of machine intelligence in enhancing mental healthcare.展开更多
Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the progression of various diseases,ranging from immune-related conditions such as sepsis to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)(Ravichandran and Henek...Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the progression of various diseases,ranging from immune-related conditions such as sepsis to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)(Ravichandran and Heneka,2024).This perspective article,which draws on insights from diverse fields including neuroscience,immunology,and pathology,p rovides a critical analysis of ongoing research efforts in inflammasome biology,with specific emphasis on Nod-like receptor(NLR)and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3).展开更多
Voltage-gated sodium channels are essential ionic-conductance pathways in the nervous system,which play an irreplaceable role in modulating neuronal excitability and signal transduction.This review comprehensively ana...Voltage-gated sodium channels are essential ionic-conductance pathways in the nervous system,which play an irreplaceable role in modulating neuronal excitability and signal transduction.This review comprehensively analyzes the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological significance of voltage-gated sodium channels,with particular emphasis on elucidating the molecular-action mechanisms of the distinct subtypes of these channels,including Nav1.1,Nav1.2,and Nav1.6,across various neurological disorders such as familial hemiplegic migraine,epilepsy,autism spectrum disorder,and retinal dysfunction.This review also provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenic mechanisms associated with voltage-gated sodium channels,and systematically clarifies the evolutionary pathway of treatment strategies from conventional to innovative approaches.It analyzes two major categories of conventional sodium channel blockers and their applications:antiepileptic drugs(such as carbamazepine,lamotrigine,and phenytoin)and antiarrhythmic drugs(such as lidocaine,flecainide,and quinidine).However,these conventional blockers show limitations because of the lack of selectivity,driving research toward more precise therapeutic directions.Additionally,this review evaluates gabapentin,cannabidiol,and calcium channel blockers with different mechanisms of action.These drugs modulate neuronal excitability from multiple perspectives,providing diverse options for symptom relief.This review also highlights advances in gene therapy for specific diseases,such as STK-001,which promotes effective splicing of the sodium channel voltage-gated type 1 alpha subunit(SCN1A)gene,and ETX101,which utilizes adeno-associated virus 9 vectors to deliver engineered transcription factors.These two agents provide targeted therapeutic solutions for Dravet syndrome.Furthermore,this review summarizes some innovative therapeutic agents in clinical trials,including PRAX-222(for SCN2A gain-offunction mutation-related epilepsy),which has received Food and Drug Administration orphan drug designation,and the selective Nav1.6 inhibitor NBI-921352(for SCN8A-related epilepsy).Collectively,this review comprehensively compares the advantages and disadvantages of conventional drugs and gene therapy and envisions future treatment strategies that integrate the strengths of both approaches,facilitating personalized precision medicine to provide more accurate and effective treatment options for patients with ion channel diseases.展开更多
Investigating the mechanisms underlying central nervous system disorders is a major scientific issue in the 21st century.However,the inaccessibility and complexity of the human brain have always represented a challeng...Investigating the mechanisms underlying central nervous system disorders is a major scientific issue in the 21st century.However,the inaccessibility and complexity of the human brain have always represented a challenge in understanding the pathophysiology of the central nervous system.Brain organoids are self-assembled threedimensional aggregates derived from pluripotent stem cells with cell types and structures similar to the embryonic human brain,giving them potential for investigating the atypical cellular,molecular,and genetic characteristics characteristic of central nervous system disorders.Brain organoids also provide a platform for drug screening and serve as a potential source for transplantation therapy for brain injuries.However,the broad application of brain organoids is hampered by several limitations,such as the lack of high-fidelity cell types,insufficient maturation,and considerable heterogeneity,undermining their reliability in specific applications.This review summarizes brain organoid evolution,discusses recent technological and methodological innovations,and reviews their applications in drug screening,transplantation therapy,and disease modeling,as well as clinical research progress.Additionally,we emphasize the limitations of current brain organoid research and explore the potential for advancing the technology to enhance its applicability.展开更多
Psychiatric disorders have emerged as significant contributors to the global burden of disease in recent decades.The endocannabinoid system(ECS)influences a range of physiological and pathophysiological processes,incl...Psychiatric disorders have emerged as significant contributors to the global burden of disease in recent decades.The endocannabinoid system(ECS)influences a range of physiological and pathophysiological processes,including nociception,cognition,appetite,memory,and behavior,serving as a crucial mediator in psychiatric disorders.Imaging the ECS provides valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders and enhances clinical management strategies.As an advanced noninvasive molecular imaging modality,positron emission tomography(PET)enables the in vivo exploration of biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels.Recent advancements have led to the development of numerous PET tracers that target various components of the ECS,offering opportunities to visualize,characterize,and quantify ECS activity in psychiatric disorders in vivo.In this review,we summarize the existing PET tracers for ECS imaging and discuss their applications in diverse psychiatric conditions,including cannabis use disorder,alcohol use disorder,post-traumatic stress disorder,schizophrenia,and eating disorders.展开更多
Genomic disorders affecting the central nervous system(CNS)are among the most complex and devastating conditions in human health.Moreover,these disorders,such as Rett syndrome,spinal muscular atrophy,and Fragile X syn...Genomic disorders affecting the central nervous system(CNS)are among the most complex and devastating conditions in human health.Moreover,these disorders,such as Rett syndrome,spinal muscular atrophy,and Fragile X syndrome,are typically caused by mutations in genes essential for neural development,synaptic function,or cellular homeostasis.Despite the genetic diversity involved,these diseases share key pathological features,including progressive neurodegeneration,disruption of neural circuits,and loss of cognitive or motor function.Meanwhile,one of the significant clinical challenges in treating CNS disorders is the limited regenerative capacity of the adult nervous system,which makes reversing disease progression extremely difficult once symptoms appear.In addition,the blood-brain barrier(BBB)restricts the passage of most systemically administered therapeutics,further complicating effective intervention.Consequently,current treatment options remain largely palliative,and effective cures remain elusive.展开更多
The coherent potential approximation(CPA)within full counting statistics(FCS)formalism is shown to be a suitable method to investigate average electric conductance,shot noise as well as higher order cumulants in disor...The coherent potential approximation(CPA)within full counting statistics(FCS)formalism is shown to be a suitable method to investigate average electric conductance,shot noise as well as higher order cumulants in disordered systems.We develop a similar FCS-CPA formalism for phonon transport through disordered systems.As a byproduct,we derive relations among coefficients of different phonon current cumulants.We apply the FCS-CPA method to investigate phonon transport properties of graphene systems in the presence of disorders.For binary disorders as well as Anderson disorders,we calculate up to the 8-th phonon transmission moments and demonstrate that the numerical results of the FCS-CPA method agree very well with that of the brute force method.The benchmark shows that the FCS-CPA method achieves 20 times more speedup ratio.Collective features of phonon current cumulants are also revealed.展开更多
Comprehensively considering energy, volume and electronic structure of alloys, the ninth equation was determined as the interaction function of Nb-Mo alloys system in BCC structure on the basis of idea of systematic s...Comprehensively considering energy, volume and electronic structure of alloys, the ninth equation was determined as the interaction function of Nb-Mo alloys system in BCC structure on the basis of idea of systematic science of alloys, experimental lattice constants and heats of formation of disordered Nb（1-x）Mox alloys. The structural parameters and properties of Nb and Mo characteristic atoms sequences and corresponding characteristic crystals sequences were determined in Nb-Mo alloys system. The electronic structure and physical properties of disordered Nb（1-x）Mox alloys system were calculated according to concentration of characteristic atoms of disordered alloys. The change trend of physical properties is the same as that of electronic structure.展开更多
Two kinds of spin-dependent scattering effects (magnetic-impurity and spin-orbit scatterings) are investigated theoretically in a quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) disordered electron system. By making use of the diagr...Two kinds of spin-dependent scattering effects (magnetic-impurity and spin-orbit scatterings) are investigated theoretically in a quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) disordered electron system. By making use of the diagrammatic techniques in perturbation theory, we have calculated the dc conductivity and magnetoresistance due to weak-localization effects, the analytical expressions of them are obtained as functions of the interlayer hopping energy and the characteristic times: elastic, inelastic, magnetic and spin-orbit scattering times. The relevant dimensional crossover behavior from 3D to 2D with decreasing the interlayer coupling is discussed, and the condition for the crossover is shown to be dependent on the aforementioned scattering times. At low temperature there exists a spin-dependent-scattering-induced dimensional crossover in this system.展开更多
By making use of the diagrammatic techniques in perturbation theory,we have investigated the Hall effect in a quasi-two-dimensional disordered electron system.In the weakly localized regime,the analytical expression f...By making use of the diagrammatic techniques in perturbation theory,we have investigated the Hall effect in a quasi-two-dimensional disordered electron system.In the weakly localized regime,the analytical expression for quantum correction to Hall conductivity has been obtained using the Kubo formalism and quasiclassical approximation.The relevant dimensional crossover behavior from three dimensions to two dimensions with decreasing the interlayer hopping energy is discussed.The quantum interference effect is shown to have a vanishing correction t,o the Hall coefficient.展开更多
We study the thermalization of a quenched disordered Bose–Hubbard system. By considering the eigenstate distribution fluctuation, we show that the thermal to many-body localized transition is always connected to a mi...We study the thermalization of a quenched disordered Bose–Hubbard system. By considering the eigenstate distribution fluctuation, we show that the thermal to many-body localized transition is always connected to a minimum of this distribution fluctuation. We also observe a Mott-localized regime, where the system fails to thermalize due to the strong on-site repulsion. Lastly, we show how to detect this eigenstate distribution fluctuation in a cold atom system, which is equivalent to measure the Loschmidt echo of the system. Our work suggests a way to measure the thermal-to-localized transitions in experiments, especially for a large system.展开更多
Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central ne...Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central nervous system.Central copper dysregulations have been evidenced in two genetic disorders characterized by mutations in the copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B,Menkes disease and Wilson’s disease,respectively,and also in multifactorial neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and multiple sclerosis.This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of copper in central nervous system physiology and pathology,reports about unbalances in copper levels and/or distribution under disease,describes relevant animal models for human disorders where copper metabolism genes are dysregulated,and discusses relevant therapeutic approaches modulating copper availability.Overall,alterations in copper metabolism may contribute to the etiology of central nervous system disorders and represent relevant therapeutic targets to restore tissue homeostasis.展开更多
Lipid droplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipids in neurons,glial cells,and other cells in the nervous system.Lipid droplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic...Lipid droplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipids in neurons,glial cells,and other cells in the nervous system.Lipid droplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum.Previously,lipid droplets were recognized for their role in maintaining lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis;however,recent research has shown that lipid droplets are highly adaptive organelles with diverse functions in the nervous system.In addition to their role in regulating cell metabolism,lipid droplets play a protective role in various cellular stress responses.Furthermore,lipid droplets exhibit specific functions in neurons and glial cells.Dysregulation of lipid droplet formation leads to cellular dysfunction,metabolic abnormalities,and nervous system diseases.This review aims to provide an overview of the role of lipid droplets in the nervous system,covering topics such as biogenesis,cellular specificity,and functions.Additionally,it will explore the association between lipid droplets and neurodegenerative disorders.Understanding the involvement of lipid droplets in cell metabolic homeostasis related to the nervous system is crucial to determine the underlying causes and in exploring potential therapeutic approaches for these diseases.展开更多
文摘Using the negative eigenvalue theory and the infinite order perturbation theory, a new method was developed to solve the eigenvectors of disordered systems. The result shows that eigenvectors change from the extended state to the localized state with the increase of the site points and the disordered degree of the system. When electric field is exerted, the electrons transfer from one localized state to another one. The conductivity is induced by the electron transfer. The authors derive the formula of electron conductivity and find the electron hops between localized states whose energies are close to each other, whereas localized positions differ from each other greatly. At low temperature the disordered system has the character of the negative differential dependence of resistivity and temperature.
文摘Based on a tight-binding disordered model describing a single electron band, we establish a direct current （de） electronic hopping transport conductance model of one-dimensional diagonal disordered systems, and also derive a dc conductance formula. By calculating the dc conductivity, the relationships between electric field and conductivity and between temperature and conductivity are analysed, and the role played by the degree of disorder in electronic transport is studied. The results indicate the conductivity of systems decreasing with the increase of the degree of disorder, characteristics of negative differential dependence of resistance on temperature at, low temperatures in diagonal disordered systems, and the conductivity of systems decreasing with the increase of electric field, featuring the non-Ohm＇s law conductivity.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2009CB929504,2011CB922103,and 2010CB923400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11225420,11074110,11174125,11074109,11074111,and 91021003)+3 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Chinathe Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK2010364)the US NSF(Grant Nos.DMR-0906816 and DMR-1205734)he Princeton MRSEC(Grant No.DMR-0819860)
文摘The Chern number is often used to distinguish different topological phases of matter in two-dimensional electron systems. A fast and efficient coupling-matrix method is designed to calculate the Chern number in finite crystalline and disordered systems. To show its effectiveness, we apply the approach to the Haldane model and the lattice Hofstadter model, and obtain the correct quantized Chern numbers. The disorder-induced topological phase transition is well reproduced, when the disorder strength is increased beyond the critical value. We expect the method to be widely applicable to the study of topological quantum numbers.
文摘We analyze the spectral distribution of localisation in a 1D diagonally disordered chain of fragments each of which consist of m coupled two-level systems. The calculations performed by means of developed perturbation theory for joint statistics of advanced and retarded Green’s functions. We show that this distribution is rather inhomogeneous and reveals spectral regions of weakly localized states with sharp peaks of the localization degree in the centers of these regions.
文摘Lysosomal storage disorders and their impact upon the central nervous system:Lysosomal storage disorders(LSDs)are a group of over 70 rare inherited metabolic disorders(Platt et al.,2018).They are caused by dysfunction of lysosomes,organelles that contain enzymes responsible for digesting macromolecules.In functional lysosomes,these enzymes break down complex substrates,and the resulting fragments are recycled.Individual LSDs are caused by mutations in genes that encode lysosomal enzymes or other proteins crucial for lysosome function(Platt et al.,2018).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFC3505503)the Joint Fund of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(No.25JCLMJC00370)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2022-I2M-3-002).
文摘Insomnia disorder negatively affects the quality of life of patients.Phototherapy has proven effective in treating sleep problems.This study aimed to summarize the impact of phototherapy on sleep quality in patients with insomnia disorder and the factors influencing its effectiveness.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines and registered experiments on the PROSPERO website,retrieving 12 randomized controlled trials that included at least one sleep quality outcome measure available for analysis from the four databases.Meta-analysis was conducted using the RevMan software,using Mean Differences(MD)and its 95% Confidence Interval(CI)to evaluate treatment efficacy and the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool to assess bias risk.The results showed that phototherapy prolonged the total sleep time of patients,with the subgroup analysis indicating that this was related to the choice of phototherapy time and light intensity.Using high-intensity(≥2000l×)light in the morning may be more effective in improving sleep-related indicators.In summary,phototherapy improved the sleep quality of patients with insomnia disorder.However,owing to the limited sample size and heterogeneity of the included studies,more comprehensive experiments are needed to explore phototherapy conditions.
基金Supported by Inter Disciplinary Direction Cultivation Project of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,No.2025JC01032025 Hunan Province Science and Technology Innovation Plan Project,No.2025RC9012+2 种基金2022"Unveiling and Leading"Project of Discipline Construction at Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,No.22JBZ044Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.kq2402174Hunan Provincial Science Popularization Fund Project,No.2025ZK4223.
文摘BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an evaluation index system for the mental health literacy of adolescent patients with mental disorders,providing a scientific,comprehensive,and reliable tool for the monitoring and intervention of mental health literacy of such patients.METHODS From December 2022 to June 2023,the evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders was developed through literature reviews,semi-structured interviews,expert letter consultations,and the analytic hierarchy process.Based on this index system,a self-assessment questionnaire was compiled and administered to 305 adolescents with mental disorders to test the reliability and validity of the index system.RESULTS The final evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators,and 52 third-level indicators.The overall Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the index system was 0.957,with a partial reliability of 0.826 and a content validity index of 0.975.The cumulative variance contribution rate of 10 common factors was 66.491%.The correlation coefficients between each dimension and the total questionnaire ranged from 0.672 to 0.724,while the correlation coefficients in each dimension ranged from 0.389 to 0.705.CONCLUSION The evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders,developed in this study,demonstrated notable reliability and validity,making it a valuable tool for evaluating mental health literacy in this population.
文摘Objective:The increasing global prevalence of mental health disorders highlights the urgent need for the development of innovative diagnostic methods.Conditions such as anxiety,depression,stress,bipolar disorder(BD),and autism spectrum disorder(ASD)frequently arise from the complex interplay of demographic,biological,and socioeconomic factors,resulting in aggravated symptoms.This review investigates machine intelligence approaches for the early detection and prediction of mental health conditions.Methods:The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses(PRISMA)framework was employed to conduct a systematic review and analysis covering the period 2018 to 2025.The potential impact of machine intelligence methods was assessed by considering various strategies,hybridization of algorithms,tools,techniques,and datasets,and their applicability.Results:Through a systematic review of studies concentrating on the prediction and evaluation of mental disorders using machine intelligence algorithms,advancements,limitations,and gaps in current methodologies were highlighted.The datasets and tools utilized in these investigations were examined,offering a detailed overview of the status of computational models in understanding and diagnosing mental health disorders.Recent research indicated considerable improvements in diagnostic accuracy and treatment effectiveness,particularly for depression and anxiety,which have shown the greatest methodological diversity and notable advancements in machine intelligence.Conclusions:Despite these improvements,challenges persist,including the need for more diverse datasets,ethical issues surrounding data privacy and algorithmic bias,and obstacles to integrating these technologies into clinical settings.This synthesis emphasizes the transformative potential of machine intelligence in enhancing mental healthcare.
基金supported by Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium-TARCC 2022-26,The National Football League Players Association-NFLPA,NIH/NIA Grant 1R01 AG072491 to TB and FDP.
文摘Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the progression of various diseases,ranging from immune-related conditions such as sepsis to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)(Ravichandran and Heneka,2024).This perspective article,which draws on insights from diverse fields including neuroscience,immunology,and pathology,p rovides a critical analysis of ongoing research efforts in inflammasome biology,with specific emphasis on Nod-like receptor(NLR)and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82471107,31970930(both to KY)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2024YFA1108701(to KY)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,Nos.2020CFA069(to KY),2018CFB434(to KY),2025AFB042(to HQ)the Neuroscience Team Development Project of Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Nos.1180002,1180030(both to KY)。
文摘Voltage-gated sodium channels are essential ionic-conductance pathways in the nervous system,which play an irreplaceable role in modulating neuronal excitability and signal transduction.This review comprehensively analyzes the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological significance of voltage-gated sodium channels,with particular emphasis on elucidating the molecular-action mechanisms of the distinct subtypes of these channels,including Nav1.1,Nav1.2,and Nav1.6,across various neurological disorders such as familial hemiplegic migraine,epilepsy,autism spectrum disorder,and retinal dysfunction.This review also provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenic mechanisms associated with voltage-gated sodium channels,and systematically clarifies the evolutionary pathway of treatment strategies from conventional to innovative approaches.It analyzes two major categories of conventional sodium channel blockers and their applications:antiepileptic drugs(such as carbamazepine,lamotrigine,and phenytoin)and antiarrhythmic drugs(such as lidocaine,flecainide,and quinidine).However,these conventional blockers show limitations because of the lack of selectivity,driving research toward more precise therapeutic directions.Additionally,this review evaluates gabapentin,cannabidiol,and calcium channel blockers with different mechanisms of action.These drugs modulate neuronal excitability from multiple perspectives,providing diverse options for symptom relief.This review also highlights advances in gene therapy for specific diseases,such as STK-001,which promotes effective splicing of the sodium channel voltage-gated type 1 alpha subunit(SCN1A)gene,and ETX101,which utilizes adeno-associated virus 9 vectors to deliver engineered transcription factors.These two agents provide targeted therapeutic solutions for Dravet syndrome.Furthermore,this review summarizes some innovative therapeutic agents in clinical trials,including PRAX-222(for SCN2A gain-offunction mutation-related epilepsy),which has received Food and Drug Administration orphan drug designation,and the selective Nav1.6 inhibitor NBI-921352(for SCN8A-related epilepsy).Collectively,this review comprehensively compares the advantages and disadvantages of conventional drugs and gene therapy and envisions future treatment strategies that integrate the strengths of both approaches,facilitating personalized precision medicine to provide more accurate and effective treatment options for patients with ion channel diseases.
基金supported by Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Science and Technological Innovation Team,No.[2023]072 (to LX)Graduate Education and Teaching Innovation Program of Zunyi Medical University,No.ZYK262 (to QW)the Guizhou Graduate Research Fund,No.2024YJSKYJJ333 (to QW)
文摘Investigating the mechanisms underlying central nervous system disorders is a major scientific issue in the 21st century.However,the inaccessibility and complexity of the human brain have always represented a challenge in understanding the pathophysiology of the central nervous system.Brain organoids are self-assembled threedimensional aggregates derived from pluripotent stem cells with cell types and structures similar to the embryonic human brain,giving them potential for investigating the atypical cellular,molecular,and genetic characteristics characteristic of central nervous system disorders.Brain organoids also provide a platform for drug screening and serve as a potential source for transplantation therapy for brain injuries.However,the broad application of brain organoids is hampered by several limitations,such as the lack of high-fidelity cell types,insufficient maturation,and considerable heterogeneity,undermining their reliability in specific applications.This review summarizes brain organoid evolution,discusses recent technological and methodological innovations,and reviews their applications in drug screening,transplantation therapy,and disease modeling,as well as clinical research progress.Additionally,we emphasize the limitations of current brain organoid research and explore the potential for advancing the technology to enhance its applicability.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0118000,2021YFA1101700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82030049,32027802,82394433,82361148130,and 82302262)+2 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LMS25H180002)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20251313)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(226-2024-00059).
文摘Psychiatric disorders have emerged as significant contributors to the global burden of disease in recent decades.The endocannabinoid system(ECS)influences a range of physiological and pathophysiological processes,including nociception,cognition,appetite,memory,and behavior,serving as a crucial mediator in psychiatric disorders.Imaging the ECS provides valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders and enhances clinical management strategies.As an advanced noninvasive molecular imaging modality,positron emission tomography(PET)enables the in vivo exploration of biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels.Recent advancements have led to the development of numerous PET tracers that target various components of the ECS,offering opportunities to visualize,characterize,and quantify ECS activity in psychiatric disorders in vivo.In this review,we summarize the existing PET tracers for ECS imaging and discuss their applications in diverse psychiatric conditions,including cannabis use disorder,alcohol use disorder,post-traumatic stress disorder,schizophrenia,and eating disorders.
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2024-00344633)HYC acknowledges the financial support from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2023-00211360)Biomaterials Specialized Graduate Program through the Korea Environmental Industry&Technology Institute(KEITI)funded by the Ministry of Environment(MOE).
文摘Genomic disorders affecting the central nervous system(CNS)are among the most complex and devastating conditions in human health.Moreover,these disorders,such as Rett syndrome,spinal muscular atrophy,and Fragile X syndrome,are typically caused by mutations in genes essential for neural development,synaptic function,or cellular homeostasis.Despite the genetic diversity involved,these diseases share key pathological features,including progressive neurodegeneration,disruption of neural circuits,and loss of cognitive or motor function.Meanwhile,one of the significant clinical challenges in treating CNS disorders is the limited regenerative capacity of the adult nervous system,which makes reversing disease progression extremely difficult once symptoms appear.In addition,the blood-brain barrier(BBB)restricts the passage of most systemically administered therapeutics,further complicating effective intervention.Consequently,current treatment options remain largely palliative,and effective cures remain elusive.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12034014)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2020A1515011418).
文摘The coherent potential approximation(CPA)within full counting statistics(FCS)formalism is shown to be a suitable method to investigate average electric conductance,shot noise as well as higher order cumulants in disordered systems.We develop a similar FCS-CPA formalism for phonon transport through disordered systems.As a byproduct,we derive relations among coefficients of different phonon current cumulants.We apply the FCS-CPA method to investigate phonon transport properties of graphene systems in the presence of disorders.For binary disorders as well as Anderson disorders,we calculate up to the 8-th phonon transmission moments and demonstrate that the numerical results of the FCS-CPA method agree very well with that of the brute force method.The benchmark shows that the FCS-CPA method achieves 20 times more speedup ratio.Collective features of phonon current cumulants are also revealed.
基金Project (50954006) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2009GK3152) supported by the Hunan Science and Technology Department, China+1 种基金Project (201012) supported by the Hunan Provincial Construction Department, ChinaProject (K1003048-11) supported by the Changsha City Science and Technology Department, China
文摘Comprehensively considering energy, volume and electronic structure of alloys, the ninth equation was determined as the interaction function of Nb-Mo alloys system in BCC structure on the basis of idea of systematic science of alloys, experimental lattice constants and heats of formation of disordered Nb（1-x）Mox alloys. The structural parameters and properties of Nb and Mo characteristic atoms sequences and corresponding characteristic crystals sequences were determined in Nb-Mo alloys system. The electronic structure and physical properties of disordered Nb（1-x）Mox alloys system were calculated according to concentration of characteristic atoms of disordered alloys. The change trend of physical properties is the same as that of electronic structure.
基金Science Foundation of Southeast University of China，国家自然科学基金
文摘Two kinds of spin-dependent scattering effects (magnetic-impurity and spin-orbit scatterings) are investigated theoretically in a quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) disordered electron system. By making use of the diagrammatic techniques in perturbation theory, we have calculated the dc conductivity and magnetoresistance due to weak-localization effects, the analytical expressions of them are obtained as functions of the interlayer hopping energy and the characteristic times: elastic, inelastic, magnetic and spin-orbit scattering times. The relevant dimensional crossover behavior from 3D to 2D with decreasing the interlayer coupling is discussed, and the condition for the crossover is shown to be dependent on the aforementioned scattering times. At low temperature there exists a spin-dependent-scattering-induced dimensional crossover in this system.
文摘By making use of the diagrammatic techniques in perturbation theory,we have investigated the Hall effect in a quasi-two-dimensional disordered electron system.In the weakly localized regime,the analytical expression for quantum correction to Hall conductivity has been obtained using the Kubo formalism and quasiclassical approximation.The relevant dimensional crossover behavior from three dimensions to two dimensions with decreasing the interlayer hopping energy is discussed.The quantum interference effect is shown to have a vanishing correction t,o the Hall coefficient.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11504021the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China under Grant No FRF-TP-17-023A2
文摘We study the thermalization of a quenched disordered Bose–Hubbard system. By considering the eigenstate distribution fluctuation, we show that the thermal to many-body localized transition is always connected to a minimum of this distribution fluctuation. We also observe a Mott-localized regime, where the system fails to thermalize due to the strong on-site repulsion. Lastly, we show how to detect this eigenstate distribution fluctuation in a cold atom system, which is equivalent to measure the Loschmidt echo of the system. Our work suggests a way to measure the thermal-to-localized transitions in experiments, especially for a large system.
文摘Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central nervous system.Central copper dysregulations have been evidenced in two genetic disorders characterized by mutations in the copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B,Menkes disease and Wilson’s disease,respectively,and also in multifactorial neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and multiple sclerosis.This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of copper in central nervous system physiology and pathology,reports about unbalances in copper levels and/or distribution under disease,describes relevant animal models for human disorders where copper metabolism genes are dysregulated,and discusses relevant therapeutic approaches modulating copper availability.Overall,alterations in copper metabolism may contribute to the etiology of central nervous system disorders and represent relevant therapeutic targets to restore tissue homeostasis.
基金funded by Basic Research Program of Shanghai,No.20JC1412200(to JW)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2020YFA0113000(to RCZ)。
文摘Lipid droplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipids in neurons,glial cells,and other cells in the nervous system.Lipid droplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum.Previously,lipid droplets were recognized for their role in maintaining lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis;however,recent research has shown that lipid droplets are highly adaptive organelles with diverse functions in the nervous system.In addition to their role in regulating cell metabolism,lipid droplets play a protective role in various cellular stress responses.Furthermore,lipid droplets exhibit specific functions in neurons and glial cells.Dysregulation of lipid droplet formation leads to cellular dysfunction,metabolic abnormalities,and nervous system diseases.This review aims to provide an overview of the role of lipid droplets in the nervous system,covering topics such as biogenesis,cellular specificity,and functions.Additionally,it will explore the association between lipid droplets and neurodegenerative disorders.Understanding the involvement of lipid droplets in cell metabolic homeostasis related to the nervous system is crucial to determine the underlying causes and in exploring potential therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
