Introduction: The progressive osseous lengthening on a single site corticotomy such as described by Ilizarov is a reliable but difficult method in the treatment of limb length discrepancies. The objective of this stud...Introduction: The progressive osseous lengthening on a single site corticotomy such as described by Ilizarov is a reliable but difficult method in the treatment of limb length discrepancies. The objective of this study was to appreciate the results of the recent application of this method in a low-income country such as Senegal. Material and Method: It was a retrospective study on 32 patients among whom 19 were men (people) and 13 were women over one continuous period of 7 years. The mean age was of 19 years with extremes of 10 and 36 years. Etiologies were dominated by osteoarthritis of the hip in 77.8%, traumatic sequela in 16.7% and the aseptic osteonecrosis of femoral head in 5.6%. The average duration of treatment was of 232 days with extremes of 110 and 363 days. Results: On the anatomical plan, the average lengthening was 55.89 mm that is 12.03% of the initial length with extremes of 35 and 110 mm. The equalization, in terms of length of the members, was obtained in 33.3% of the cases. The average index of cure was of 56.29 days, six patients, which are 18.75% of the cases, complained about pain at the end of treatment and walking without crutches was possible in 83.33%. The complications, in the phase of lengthening, were either mechanics, with 5 subluxations (3 at the level of the hip and 2 at the level of the knee), or biological with 7 infections (superficial 5 and 2 deep), 2 premature consolidations and 1 bleeding. The complications in the consolidation phase were also mechanical with 32 articular stiffness, 8 plastic deformations, 7 subluxations, a fracture and a collapse of the regenerate, or biological with 8 infections among which an osteitis and bleeding. Conclusion: Despite a strong rate of complications and sometimes not reached objectives, the results of this first series of lengthening are encouraging and rich in education and do not seem to be a limiting factor for the implementation of the method in developing countries.展开更多
Leg-length discrepancy(LLD)in individuals experiencing total hip arthroplasty(THA)is related to a substantially higher fall risk,length of post-operative hospital in-patient stay,elevated implant-related adverse event...Leg-length discrepancy(LLD)in individuals experiencing total hip arthroplasty(THA)is related to a substantially higher fall risk,length of post-operative hospital in-patient stay,elevated implant-related adverse events,and earlier revision.Therefore,it is essential to try to avoid LLD when implanting a THA.Several studies focus on this issue,including the following:Accelerometer-based portable navigation system,preoperative digital templating,robot-assisted surgery,the anatomical marker positioning method(shoulder-to-shoulder)and the artificial intelligence-based three-dimensional planning software system.The aforementioned methods should be familiar to surgeons who perform THA procedures,as a fundamental objective of this surgical intervention is to avoid LLD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Leg length discrepancy(LLD)following total hip arthroplasty(THA)is a common complaint,leading to decreased patient satisfaction.However,the effect of LLD before THA on outcomes and complications is not well...BACKGROUND Leg length discrepancy(LLD)following total hip arthroplasty(THA)is a common complaint,leading to decreased patient satisfaction.However,the effect of LLD before THA on outcomes and complications is not well defined.AIM To assess the effect of prior LLD on rates of falls,implant-related complications,stay length,readmissions,and implant survival following THA.METHODS A retrospective review of a nationwide insurance database was conducted from 2010 to 2021.All cases of THA and those with a prior diagnosis of LLD were identified.THA patients with LLD were matched to control patients 1:5 based on demographic and comorbidity profiles.Two-year fall rates and implant complications,lengths of stay,90-day readmissions,and time to revision were compared between cohorts.RESULTS A total of 2038 patients with LLD were matched to 10165 control patients.The LLD group showed significantly greater rates of falls[odds ratio(OR)=1.58;95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.24-2.01],dislocation(OR=2.61;95%CI:2.10-3.24),mechanical loosening(OR=4.58;95%CI:3.28-6.29),and periprosthetic fracture(OR=2.70;95%CI:1.96-3.72)compared to the control group(all P<0.001).Mean length of stay(LOS)was also significantly higher in the LLD group(3.1 days vs 2.8 days,P=0.034).No significant difference in 90-day readmission rates(7.75%vs 7.02%,P=0.244)was observed between the groups(P=0.244).Time to revision was significantly less in the LLD group(225 days vs 544 days,P<0.001).CONCLUSION LLD in patients having THA is related with significantly higher fall risk,rates of implant-related complications,LOS,and quicker time to revision.Identifying patients with LLD before their THA may help in identifying risks,better patient counselling,and more effective preoperative planning.However,the study have important limitations:Its design lacks information on the degree and cause of LLD,the time between diagnosis and surgery,and which leg with the discrepancy underwent the operation.Future well-designed studies should confirm the findings of this study.展开更多
Finding suitable initial noise that retains the original image’s information is crucial for image-to-image(I2I)translation using text-to-image(T2I)diffusion models.A common approach is to add random noise directly to...Finding suitable initial noise that retains the original image’s information is crucial for image-to-image(I2I)translation using text-to-image(T2I)diffusion models.A common approach is to add random noise directly to the original image,as in SDEdit.However,we have observed that this can result in“semantic discrepancy”issues,wherein T2I diffusion models misinterpret the semantic relationships and generate content not present in the original image.We identify that the noise introduced by SDEdit disrupts the semantic integrity of the image,leading to unintended associations between unrelated regions after U-Net upsampling.Building on the widely-used latent diffusion model,Stable Diffusion,we propose a training-free,plugand-play method to alleviate semantic discrepancy and enhance the fidelity of the translated image.By leveraging the deterministic nature of denoising diffusion implicit models(DDIMs)inversion,we correct the erroneous features and correlations from the original generative process with accurate ones from DDIM inversion.This approach alleviates semantic discrepancy and surpasses recent DDIM-inversion-based methods such as PnP with fewer priors,achieving a speedup of 11.2 times in experiments conducted on COCO,ImageNet,and ImageNet-R datasets across multiple I2I translation tasks.展开更多
The synonymous codon usage in the translational initiation and termination regions of genes of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and five other viruses in Coronaviridae was systematically analyzed.T...The synonymous codon usage in the translational initiation and termination regions of genes of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and five other viruses in Coronaviridae was systematically analyzed.The results indicate that most minor codons for these coronaviruses are preferentially used in the initial and terminal region.The minor codons preferentially used in the initial region are thought to have a negative effect on gene expression,which can be explained by the minor codon modulator hypothesis.It also indicates that the minor codons preferentially used in the terminal region may regulate the level of gene expression.The proposed results strongly imply that the minor codon modulator hypothesis can be applied to both some bacteria and some viruses.展开更多
The paper investigates how group work was implemented in English teaching classrooms in a junior high school of China's Mainland as a case study. The research data was collected by classroom observations, a survey...The paper investigates how group work was implemented in English teaching classrooms in a junior high school of China's Mainland as a case study. The research data was collected by classroom observations, a survey of the students and interviews with the classroom teachers. The research finds a mismatch between an advocacy of group work and the reality of its poor implementation. It has implications on English curriculum innovation and the advocacy of group work in ELT classrooms in China's Mainland.展开更多
To investigate the clinicopathological variables in early gastric cancer (EGC) patients in relation to differentiation discrepancy. METHODSThe data of 265 specimens from 240 patients with EGC, who had undergone radica...To investigate the clinicopathological variables in early gastric cancer (EGC) patients in relation to differentiation discrepancy. METHODSThe data of 265 specimens from 240 patients with EGC, who had undergone radical operation at Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital from 2010 to 2015, were retrospectively analyzed. We evaluated clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological data according to histological discrepancy. RESULTSClinically significant discrepancy rate showed the difference in differentiated type (well and moderately differentiated) and undifferentiated type (poorly differentiated and signet ring cell) between endoscopic biopsies and postoperative specimens was 9.4% (25/265). There were no differences in tumor location, size, gross pattern, and number of biopsies. Specimens having histological discrepancy showed more submucosal invasion (72.0% vs 49.6%, P = 0.033) and lymph node involvement (24.0% vs 7.9%, P = 0.009) than specimens having non-discrepancy. The rate of a positive epidermal growth factor receptor status was higher in specimens having discrepancy than in specimens having non-discrepancy (81.0% vs 55.4%, P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONThe discordance of histologic differentiation is associated with higher submucosal invasion and lymph node metastases in EGC. Patients have histological discrepancy may require additional surgical treatments.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to study the issue of uniformity on asymmetrical designs with two and three mixed levels in terms of Lee discrepancy. Based on the known formulation, we present a new lower bound of Lee ...The objective of this paper is to study the issue of uniformity on asymmetrical designs with two and three mixed levels in terms of Lee discrepancy. Based on the known formulation, we present a new lower bound of Lee discrepancy of fractional factorial designs with two and three mixed levels. Our new lower bound is sharper and more valid than other existing lower bounds in literature, which is a useful complement to the lower bound theory of discrepancies.展开更多
Doubling is a simple but powerful method of constructing two-level tractional factorial designs with high resolution. This article studies uniformity in terms of Lee discrepancy of double designs. We give some linkage...Doubling is a simple but powerful method of constructing two-level tractional factorial designs with high resolution. This article studies uniformity in terms of Lee discrepancy of double designs. We give some linkages between the uniformity of double design and the aberration case of the original one under different criteria. Furthermore, some analytic linkages between the generalized wordlength pattern of double design and that of the original one are firstly provided here, which extend the existing findings. The lower bound of Lee discrepancy for double designs is also given.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colposcopy currently plays a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of lower genital diseases.Exposure and biopsy are two key steps in colposcopy.When the whole transformation zone or all lesions cannot ...BACKGROUND Colposcopy currently plays a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of lower genital diseases.Exposure and biopsy are two key steps in colposcopy.When the whole transformation zone or all lesions cannot be observed,we judge colposcopy as unsatisfactory.Unsatisfactory colposcopic examination may lead to the misdiagnosis of more severe diseases.The combination of colposcopy and vaginoscopy may contribute to accurate diagnosis and clinical decisions.CASE SUMMARY Here,we introduce a case of posthysterectomy deep vaginal apex not fully exposed by colposcopy,and the biopsy result was a vaginal precancerous lesion.We adopted vaginoscopy to extend the observed area and expose the lesion thoroughly,and the biopsy result was vaginal squamous cancer.CONCLUSION The patient received a precise diagnosis and early surgery due to the combination of colposcopy and vaginoscopy.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to determine the total Bolton index （TBI） and anterior Bolton index （ABI）, evaluate the clinical significance of tooth size discrepancies and the influence of gender variation of mesi...The purpose of this study was to determine the total Bolton index （TBI） and anterior Bolton index （ABI）, evaluate the clinical significance of tooth size discrepancies and the influence of gender variation of mesiodistal tooth width on Bolton Index and estimate which tooth has the greatest influence on Bolton Index. A total of 110 pairs of pretreatment dental study casts （41 male and 69 female） were selected from patients treated in Department of Orthodontics of Union Hospital in Wuhan, China. A sliding dental Vernier caliper was used for the measurement of the mesiodistal tooth width. Descriptive statistical mean values, standard deviation, standard error of the mean values, coefficient of variance and the t-test were used for the statistical analysis of the data. The study found that TBI, ABI and the total sum of teeth width had no significant difference between male and female. Male group indicated that Bolton Index （BI） was mostly influenced by the width of lower right second premolar, whereas female group showed that BI was mostly influenced by the width of both the right and left maxillary lateral incisor.展开更多
Background: This is a rare case of piriformis syndrome. We discuss the patient’s symptoms, imaging study results, laboratory examination findings, and prescribed treatment in an attempt to determine the possible mech...Background: This is a rare case of piriformis syndrome. We discuss the patient’s symptoms, imaging study results, laboratory examination findings, and prescribed treatment in an attempt to determine the possible mechanisms or reasons for this patient’s development of piriformis syndrome. Methods: The patient is a 22-year-old female soldier who was admitted for lower back pain with soreness radiating to her right buttock and right lower extremity. We found that she had leg length discrepancy under X-ray finding. She was diagnosed piriformis syndrome by physical examination and Magenetic Resonance Image. Results: We performed scanography for lower extremities revealed a left femur length of 42.7 cm, a right femur length of 43.3 cm, a left tibia length of 33.2 cm, and a right tibia length of 33.6 cm;her left lower extremity was 1 cm shorter than her right. The MRI of sacrum also reveals hypertrophy of right piriformis muscle. Conclusions: Piriformis syndrome might be caused by short-term compensation in congenital leg length discrepancy. The patient with leg length discrepancy changed posture when standing, walking, and running. These compensation postures could lead to abnormality position of bones where there is insertion of the muscle.展开更多
Limb length discrepancy(LLD)is a common orthopedic condition that can result in significant functional impairment,pain,and cosmetic deformities.Current reconstructive techniques for severe LLD are primarily based on c...Limb length discrepancy(LLD)is a common orthopedic condition that can result in significant functional impairment,pain,and cosmetic deformities.Current reconstructive techniques for severe LLD are primarily based on callus distraction,which is a time-consuming process that can lead to complications,such as significant infection,joint stiffness,and stress fractures.To reduce the therapeutic time and minimize the risk of complications,we investigated the use of vascularized bone flaps as a technical supplement to callus distraction in the reconstruction of short limbs.We present two cases of severe LLD in the upper and lower legs,in which a twostage reconstruction approach was used.In the first stage,external fixation was applied to the affected limb to correct the soft tissue length and convert the short deformity into a bone defect.In the second stage,the bone defect was reconstructed using bilateral(patient A)or unilateral(patient B)free vascularized fibula bone grafts.Both patients had complete survival of the fibular grafts without stress fractures,and bone consolidation took 8 months(patient A)and 4 months(patient B).Compared to the traditional callus distraction,the two-stage approach was found to be more time-saving and reliable.The entire reconstructive scheme required 18 and 4 months for patients A and B,respectively,whereas the traditional callus distraction required 41 and 17 months,respectively.These findings suggest that the use of vascularized bone flaps as a technical supplement for callus distraction may provide an effective and efficient alternative for the treatment of severe LLD.Further studies are needed to validate these results and assess the long-term outcomes of this approach.展开更多
There is a wide range of opinions on the best time to start orthodontic treatment but the vast majority is carried out on children who have lost all their baby (deciduous) teeth and have most of their adult teeth (exc...There is a wide range of opinions on the best time to start orthodontic treatment but the vast majority is carried out on children who have lost all their baby (deciduous) teeth and have most of their adult teeth (except for wisdom teeth) present in the mouth. Stability of orthodontic discrepancy is one of the most important factors that determine when start orthodontic treatment of the dentofacial deformaties. This paper threw light on stability of orthodontic discrepancy, its classification, comparing between stable versus unstable orthodontic discrepancy and its impact on the timing of orthodontic treatment.展开更多
Cultural discrepancy constitutes a major obstacle in translating Chinese publicity materials to the outside world. This paper, viewed through the lens of communication and media studies, divides the transmission of cu...Cultural discrepancy constitutes a major obstacle in translating Chinese publicity materials to the outside world. This paper, viewed through the lens of communication and media studies, divides the transmission of cultural discrepancy into two stages, namely, the dialogues between the translator and the source text author and between the translator and the intended readership in the target language. Only with a two-step communication can a most appropriate strategy be adopted to deal with the cultural points.展开更多
Good distribution of samples and weights can improve the computational accuracy and efficiency in the stochastic response analyses of aerospace problems with uncertain parameters.This work proposes a new Generalized L...Good distribution of samples and weights can improve the computational accuracy and efficiency in the stochastic response analyses of aerospace problems with uncertain parameters.This work proposes a new Generalized L2 Discrepancy based on a General Point(GL2D-GP)for generating samples and their corresponding weights.The proposed GL2D-GP is an extension of the existing discrepancy by introducing the non-same weights and a smaller box to measure probability errors.Minimizing the GL2D-GP can yield a weight optimization formula that generates a set of optimal non-identical weights for a given sample set.Through minimizing the GL2D-GP assigned to the set of optimal non-same weights,a new sample and weight generation method is developed.In the proposed method,the samples can be easily generated in terms of the generalized Halton formula with a series of optimal permutation vectors which are found by the intelligent evolutionary algorithm.Once the sample set is obtained,the optimal weights can be generated in terms of the weight optimization formula.Five numerical examples are presented to verify the high accuracy,efficiency,and strong robustness of the proposed sample generation method based on GL2D-GP.展开更多
Dear Editor, The influenza viruses cause continual epidemics in human society. As is reported by the World Health Organization （WHO）, each year the seasonal influenza viruses, i.e., human influenza A （H1N1）, A （H...Dear Editor, The influenza viruses cause continual epidemics in human society. As is reported by the World Health Organization （WHO）, each year the seasonal influenza viruses, i.e., human influenza A （H1N1）, A （H3N2） and B viruses, infected 5%- 15% of the world＇s population, leading to about 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and about 250000 to 500000 deaths worldwide （WHO, 2014）. Vaccination is currently the most effective way to fight against it. Due to the frequent mutations on the HA protein, the virus often changes its antigen, which may lead to the ineffectiveness of the influenza vaccines （Carrat and Flahault, 2007; Taubenberger and Kash, 2010）.展开更多
BACKGROUND Simple bone cysts(SBC)are benign tumor-like bone lesions typically identified in children.While SBC may lead to growth disturbances or growth arrest,such cases are uncommon.The mechanisms behind these obser...BACKGROUND Simple bone cysts(SBC)are benign tumor-like bone lesions typically identified in children.While SBC may lead to growth disturbances or growth arrest,such cases are uncommon.The mechanisms behind these observations remain unclear.Additionally,research on the etiology of SBC remains inconclusive,and there has been no consensus on the appropriate timing and methodology for treatment.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present our experience in the successful surgical management of a 10-year-old girl with SBC,who presented with a pathological fracture complicated by malunion of the displaced fracture,varus deformity,and limb length discrepancy.We hypothesized two possible etiologies for the patient’s growth arrest and subsequent humerus varus deformity:(1)Direct disruption of the physis by fluid from the cyst itself;and(2)damage to the epiphysis due to repetitive pathological fractures associated with SBC.In addressing this case,surgical intervention was undertaken to correct the proximal humerus varus deformity.This approach offered the advantages of simultaneously correcting angular abnormalities,achieving mild limb lengthening,providing definitive SBC treatment,and reducing the overall treatment duration.CONCLUSION As per current literature,acute correction of acute angular deformity in proximal humeral SBC is not well comprehended.However,in this specific case,acute correction was considered an optimal solution.展开更多
文摘Introduction: The progressive osseous lengthening on a single site corticotomy such as described by Ilizarov is a reliable but difficult method in the treatment of limb length discrepancies. The objective of this study was to appreciate the results of the recent application of this method in a low-income country such as Senegal. Material and Method: It was a retrospective study on 32 patients among whom 19 were men (people) and 13 were women over one continuous period of 7 years. The mean age was of 19 years with extremes of 10 and 36 years. Etiologies were dominated by osteoarthritis of the hip in 77.8%, traumatic sequela in 16.7% and the aseptic osteonecrosis of femoral head in 5.6%. The average duration of treatment was of 232 days with extremes of 110 and 363 days. Results: On the anatomical plan, the average lengthening was 55.89 mm that is 12.03% of the initial length with extremes of 35 and 110 mm. The equalization, in terms of length of the members, was obtained in 33.3% of the cases. The average index of cure was of 56.29 days, six patients, which are 18.75% of the cases, complained about pain at the end of treatment and walking without crutches was possible in 83.33%. The complications, in the phase of lengthening, were either mechanics, with 5 subluxations (3 at the level of the hip and 2 at the level of the knee), or biological with 7 infections (superficial 5 and 2 deep), 2 premature consolidations and 1 bleeding. The complications in the consolidation phase were also mechanical with 32 articular stiffness, 8 plastic deformations, 7 subluxations, a fracture and a collapse of the regenerate, or biological with 8 infections among which an osteitis and bleeding. Conclusion: Despite a strong rate of complications and sometimes not reached objectives, the results of this first series of lengthening are encouraging and rich in education and do not seem to be a limiting factor for the implementation of the method in developing countries.
文摘Leg-length discrepancy(LLD)in individuals experiencing total hip arthroplasty(THA)is related to a substantially higher fall risk,length of post-operative hospital in-patient stay,elevated implant-related adverse events,and earlier revision.Therefore,it is essential to try to avoid LLD when implanting a THA.Several studies focus on this issue,including the following:Accelerometer-based portable navigation system,preoperative digital templating,robot-assisted surgery,the anatomical marker positioning method(shoulder-to-shoulder)and the artificial intelligence-based three-dimensional planning software system.The aforementioned methods should be familiar to surgeons who perform THA procedures,as a fundamental objective of this surgical intervention is to avoid LLD.
文摘BACKGROUND Leg length discrepancy(LLD)following total hip arthroplasty(THA)is a common complaint,leading to decreased patient satisfaction.However,the effect of LLD before THA on outcomes and complications is not well defined.AIM To assess the effect of prior LLD on rates of falls,implant-related complications,stay length,readmissions,and implant survival following THA.METHODS A retrospective review of a nationwide insurance database was conducted from 2010 to 2021.All cases of THA and those with a prior diagnosis of LLD were identified.THA patients with LLD were matched to control patients 1:5 based on demographic and comorbidity profiles.Two-year fall rates and implant complications,lengths of stay,90-day readmissions,and time to revision were compared between cohorts.RESULTS A total of 2038 patients with LLD were matched to 10165 control patients.The LLD group showed significantly greater rates of falls[odds ratio(OR)=1.58;95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.24-2.01],dislocation(OR=2.61;95%CI:2.10-3.24),mechanical loosening(OR=4.58;95%CI:3.28-6.29),and periprosthetic fracture(OR=2.70;95%CI:1.96-3.72)compared to the control group(all P<0.001).Mean length of stay(LOS)was also significantly higher in the LLD group(3.1 days vs 2.8 days,P=0.034).No significant difference in 90-day readmission rates(7.75%vs 7.02%,P=0.244)was observed between the groups(P=0.244).Time to revision was significantly less in the LLD group(225 days vs 544 days,P<0.001).CONCLUSION LLD in patients having THA is related with significantly higher fall risk,rates of implant-related complications,LOS,and quicker time to revision.Identifying patients with LLD before their THA may help in identifying risks,better patient counselling,and more effective preoperative planning.However,the study have important limitations:Its design lacks information on the degree and cause of LLD,the time between diagnosis and surgery,and which leg with the discrepancy underwent the operation.Future well-designed studies should confirm the findings of this study.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62176059)supported by The Pennsylvania State University.
文摘Finding suitable initial noise that retains the original image’s information is crucial for image-to-image(I2I)translation using text-to-image(T2I)diffusion models.A common approach is to add random noise directly to the original image,as in SDEdit.However,we have observed that this can result in“semantic discrepancy”issues,wherein T2I diffusion models misinterpret the semantic relationships and generate content not present in the original image.We identify that the noise introduced by SDEdit disrupts the semantic integrity of the image,leading to unintended associations between unrelated regions after U-Net upsampling.Building on the widely-used latent diffusion model,Stable Diffusion,we propose a training-free,plugand-play method to alleviate semantic discrepancy and enhance the fidelity of the translated image.By leveraging the deterministic nature of denoising diffusion implicit models(DDIMs)inversion,we correct the erroneous features and correlations from the original generative process with accurate ones from DDIM inversion.This approach alleviates semantic discrepancy and surpasses recent DDIM-inversion-based methods such as PnP with fewer priors,achieving a speedup of 11.2 times in experiments conducted on COCO,ImageNet,and ImageNet-R datasets across multiple I2I translation tasks.
文摘The synonymous codon usage in the translational initiation and termination regions of genes of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and five other viruses in Coronaviridae was systematically analyzed.The results indicate that most minor codons for these coronaviruses are preferentially used in the initial and terminal region.The minor codons preferentially used in the initial region are thought to have a negative effect on gene expression,which can be explained by the minor codon modulator hypothesis.It also indicates that the minor codons preferentially used in the terminal region may regulate the level of gene expression.The proposed results strongly imply that the minor codon modulator hypothesis can be applied to both some bacteria and some viruses.
文摘The paper investigates how group work was implemented in English teaching classrooms in a junior high school of China's Mainland as a case study. The research data was collected by classroom observations, a survey of the students and interviews with the classroom teachers. The research finds a mismatch between an advocacy of group work and the reality of its poor implementation. It has implications on English curriculum innovation and the advocacy of group work in ELT classrooms in China's Mainland.
文摘To investigate the clinicopathological variables in early gastric cancer (EGC) patients in relation to differentiation discrepancy. METHODSThe data of 265 specimens from 240 patients with EGC, who had undergone radical operation at Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital from 2010 to 2015, were retrospectively analyzed. We evaluated clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological data according to histological discrepancy. RESULTSClinically significant discrepancy rate showed the difference in differentiated type (well and moderately differentiated) and undifferentiated type (poorly differentiated and signet ring cell) between endoscopic biopsies and postoperative specimens was 9.4% (25/265). There were no differences in tumor location, size, gross pattern, and number of biopsies. Specimens having histological discrepancy showed more submucosal invasion (72.0% vs 49.6%, P = 0.033) and lymph node involvement (24.0% vs 7.9%, P = 0.009) than specimens having non-discrepancy. The rate of a positive epidermal growth factor receptor status was higher in specimens having discrepancy than in specimens having non-discrepancy (81.0% vs 55.4%, P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONThe discordance of histologic differentiation is associated with higher submucosal invasion and lymph node metastases in EGC. Patients have histological discrepancy may require additional surgical treatments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11301546).supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11271147,11471136)
文摘The objective of this paper is to study the issue of uniformity on asymmetrical designs with two and three mixed levels in terms of Lee discrepancy. Based on the known formulation, we present a new lower bound of Lee discrepancy of fractional factorial designs with two and three mixed levels. Our new lower bound is sharper and more valid than other existing lower bounds in literature, which is a useful complement to the lower bound theory of discrepancies.
基金supported by NSFC(11271147,11301546,and 11401596)supported by NSFC(11271147 and 11471136)the Financially supported by self-determined research funds of CCNU from the colleges basic research and operation of MOE(CCNU16A02012)
文摘Doubling is a simple but powerful method of constructing two-level tractional factorial designs with high resolution. This article studies uniformity in terms of Lee discrepancy of double designs. We give some linkages between the uniformity of double design and the aberration case of the original one under different criteria. Furthermore, some analytic linkages between the generalized wordlength pattern of double design and that of the original one are firstly provided here, which extend the existing findings. The lower bound of Lee discrepancy for double designs is also given.
文摘BACKGROUND Colposcopy currently plays a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of lower genital diseases.Exposure and biopsy are two key steps in colposcopy.When the whole transformation zone or all lesions cannot be observed,we judge colposcopy as unsatisfactory.Unsatisfactory colposcopic examination may lead to the misdiagnosis of more severe diseases.The combination of colposcopy and vaginoscopy may contribute to accurate diagnosis and clinical decisions.CASE SUMMARY Here,we introduce a case of posthysterectomy deep vaginal apex not fully exposed by colposcopy,and the biopsy result was a vaginal precancerous lesion.We adopted vaginoscopy to extend the observed area and expose the lesion thoroughly,and the biopsy result was vaginal squamous cancer.CONCLUSION The patient received a precise diagnosis and early surgery due to the combination of colposcopy and vaginoscopy.
文摘The purpose of this study was to determine the total Bolton index （TBI） and anterior Bolton index （ABI）, evaluate the clinical significance of tooth size discrepancies and the influence of gender variation of mesiodistal tooth width on Bolton Index and estimate which tooth has the greatest influence on Bolton Index. A total of 110 pairs of pretreatment dental study casts （41 male and 69 female） were selected from patients treated in Department of Orthodontics of Union Hospital in Wuhan, China. A sliding dental Vernier caliper was used for the measurement of the mesiodistal tooth width. Descriptive statistical mean values, standard deviation, standard error of the mean values, coefficient of variance and the t-test were used for the statistical analysis of the data. The study found that TBI, ABI and the total sum of teeth width had no significant difference between male and female. Male group indicated that Bolton Index （BI） was mostly influenced by the width of lower right second premolar, whereas female group showed that BI was mostly influenced by the width of both the right and left maxillary lateral incisor.
文摘Background: This is a rare case of piriformis syndrome. We discuss the patient’s symptoms, imaging study results, laboratory examination findings, and prescribed treatment in an attempt to determine the possible mechanisms or reasons for this patient’s development of piriformis syndrome. Methods: The patient is a 22-year-old female soldier who was admitted for lower back pain with soreness radiating to her right buttock and right lower extremity. We found that she had leg length discrepancy under X-ray finding. She was diagnosed piriformis syndrome by physical examination and Magenetic Resonance Image. Results: We performed scanography for lower extremities revealed a left femur length of 42.7 cm, a right femur length of 43.3 cm, a left tibia length of 33.2 cm, and a right tibia length of 33.6 cm;her left lower extremity was 1 cm shorter than her right. The MRI of sacrum also reveals hypertrophy of right piriformis muscle. Conclusions: Piriformis syndrome might be caused by short-term compensation in congenital leg length discrepancy. The patient with leg length discrepancy changed posture when standing, walking, and running. These compensation postures could lead to abnormality position of bones where there is insertion of the muscle.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation(grant nos.81871577 and 81971864)。
文摘Limb length discrepancy(LLD)is a common orthopedic condition that can result in significant functional impairment,pain,and cosmetic deformities.Current reconstructive techniques for severe LLD are primarily based on callus distraction,which is a time-consuming process that can lead to complications,such as significant infection,joint stiffness,and stress fractures.To reduce the therapeutic time and minimize the risk of complications,we investigated the use of vascularized bone flaps as a technical supplement to callus distraction in the reconstruction of short limbs.We present two cases of severe LLD in the upper and lower legs,in which a twostage reconstruction approach was used.In the first stage,external fixation was applied to the affected limb to correct the soft tissue length and convert the short deformity into a bone defect.In the second stage,the bone defect was reconstructed using bilateral(patient A)or unilateral(patient B)free vascularized fibula bone grafts.Both patients had complete survival of the fibular grafts without stress fractures,and bone consolidation took 8 months(patient A)and 4 months(patient B).Compared to the traditional callus distraction,the two-stage approach was found to be more time-saving and reliable.The entire reconstructive scheme required 18 and 4 months for patients A and B,respectively,whereas the traditional callus distraction required 41 and 17 months,respectively.These findings suggest that the use of vascularized bone flaps as a technical supplement for callus distraction may provide an effective and efficient alternative for the treatment of severe LLD.Further studies are needed to validate these results and assess the long-term outcomes of this approach.
文摘There is a wide range of opinions on the best time to start orthodontic treatment but the vast majority is carried out on children who have lost all their baby (deciduous) teeth and have most of their adult teeth (except for wisdom teeth) present in the mouth. Stability of orthodontic discrepancy is one of the most important factors that determine when start orthodontic treatment of the dentofacial deformaties. This paper threw light on stability of orthodontic discrepancy, its classification, comparing between stable versus unstable orthodontic discrepancy and its impact on the timing of orthodontic treatment.
文摘Cultural discrepancy constitutes a major obstacle in translating Chinese publicity materials to the outside world. This paper, viewed through the lens of communication and media studies, divides the transmission of cultural discrepancy into two stages, namely, the dialogues between the translator and the source text author and between the translator and the intended readership in the target language. Only with a two-step communication can a most appropriate strategy be adopted to deal with the cultural points.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12372190,12272077)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.DUT20RC(5)009,DUT20GJ216).
文摘Good distribution of samples and weights can improve the computational accuracy and efficiency in the stochastic response analyses of aerospace problems with uncertain parameters.This work proposes a new Generalized L2 Discrepancy based on a General Point(GL2D-GP)for generating samples and their corresponding weights.The proposed GL2D-GP is an extension of the existing discrepancy by introducing the non-same weights and a smaller box to measure probability errors.Minimizing the GL2D-GP can yield a weight optimization formula that generates a set of optimal non-identical weights for a given sample set.Through minimizing the GL2D-GP assigned to the set of optimal non-same weights,a new sample and weight generation method is developed.In the proposed method,the samples can be easily generated in terms of the generalized Halton formula with a series of optimal permutation vectors which are found by the intelligent evolutionary algorithm.Once the sample set is obtained,the optimal weights can be generated in terms of the weight optimization formula.Five numerical examples are presented to verify the high accuracy,efficiency,and strong robustness of the proposed sample generation method based on GL2D-GP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(31500126 and 31371338)National Key Plan for Scientific Research and Development of China(2016YFD0500300 and 2016YFC1200200)the Young Teacher’s Development Plan of Hunan University to YS(531107040720)
文摘Dear Editor, The influenza viruses cause continual epidemics in human society. As is reported by the World Health Organization （WHO）, each year the seasonal influenza viruses, i.e., human influenza A （H1N1）, A （H3N2） and B viruses, infected 5%- 15% of the world＇s population, leading to about 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and about 250000 to 500000 deaths worldwide （WHO, 2014）. Vaccination is currently the most effective way to fight against it. Due to the frequent mutations on the HA protein, the virus often changes its antigen, which may lead to the ineffectiveness of the influenza vaccines （Carrat and Flahault, 2007; Taubenberger and Kash, 2010）.
文摘BACKGROUND Simple bone cysts(SBC)are benign tumor-like bone lesions typically identified in children.While SBC may lead to growth disturbances or growth arrest,such cases are uncommon.The mechanisms behind these observations remain unclear.Additionally,research on the etiology of SBC remains inconclusive,and there has been no consensus on the appropriate timing and methodology for treatment.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present our experience in the successful surgical management of a 10-year-old girl with SBC,who presented with a pathological fracture complicated by malunion of the displaced fracture,varus deformity,and limb length discrepancy.We hypothesized two possible etiologies for the patient’s growth arrest and subsequent humerus varus deformity:(1)Direct disruption of the physis by fluid from the cyst itself;and(2)damage to the epiphysis due to repetitive pathological fractures associated with SBC.In addressing this case,surgical intervention was undertaken to correct the proximal humerus varus deformity.This approach offered the advantages of simultaneously correcting angular abnormalities,achieving mild limb lengthening,providing definitive SBC treatment,and reducing the overall treatment duration.CONCLUSION As per current literature,acute correction of acute angular deformity in proximal humeral SBC is not well comprehended.However,in this specific case,acute correction was considered an optimal solution.
