The China Meteorological Administration(CMA)said that in the last five years,China has made big improvements in its weather services.This includes better weather forecasts and ways to protect people from disasters.
The Hengduan Mountains region(HMR)is one of the most densely distributed and severe flash flood disaster-prone areas in southwest China.It is also a key area for major engineering projects and beautiful countryside co...The Hengduan Mountains region(HMR)is one of the most densely distributed and severe flash flood disaster-prone areas in southwest China.It is also a key area for major engineering projects and beautiful countryside construction in Southwest China.However,previous studies have not systematically summarized the development characteristics and formation modes of flash flood disasters in the HMR,which limits the development of theoretical and technical system for flood control.In this study,we focused on the physical processes of flash flood disasters in the HMR,including generation,movement,and disaster formation,and clarified the dominant disaster-inducing conditions(multiple humid monsoon circulation,high potential energy and high heterogenous underlying surface)and disaster development characteristics(high spatio-temporal heterogeneity,highly concentrated energy,chain and cascading effects,and clustered occurrence)of flash floods in the HMR.Based on the entire processes of flash flood disasters,three major formation modes have been summarized:the runoff generation mode of vegetation-hydrology-soil coupling dominated by high hydraulic gradient in mountainous areas,strong flow-sediment coupling movement,and serious disaster losses due to high exposure of disaster bearing objects.Finally,based on the issues in previous research,four future research challenges for flash flood disaster in the HMR were proposed.Our study provides insights into disaster prevention and reduction research,including fundamental theoretical system,precise risk assessment of regional disasters,and accurate early warning and forecasting of flash floods.展开更多
Snow and freezing disasters are recurrent weather and climate phenomena that affect the world annually.These events exert a significant influence on numerous aspects of life,including transportation,power supply,and d...Snow and freezing disasters are recurrent weather and climate phenomena that affect the world annually.These events exert a significant influence on numerous aspects of life,including transportation,power supply,and daily activities,and result in considerable economic losses.This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the regions affected by these disasters,the preventive and responsive measures employed,recent advancements in key materials,and the challenges encountered.By doing so,we can gain a deeper understanding of the vital role,significant advantages,and untapped potential of key materials for effectively preventing and responding to snow and freezing disasters.Furthermore,promoting research and utilization of these materials not only contributes to the development of the safety and emergency equipment industry but also strengthens the supply of advanced and suitable safety and emergency equipment.展开更多
This study draws from detailed qualitative case studies of three schools that practise disaster risk reduction (DRR) education initiatives in their curriculum in Nepal. Using curriculum mapping and discourse analysis,...This study draws from detailed qualitative case studies of three schools that practise disaster risk reduction (DRR) education initiatives in their curriculum in Nepal. Using curriculum mapping and discourse analysis, it aims to elaborate the significance of relevant disaster risk reduction (DRR) content in school curriculum to prepare youths for disaster response and recovery. It elaborates the nature of the current DRR content covered in curricula and textbooks and provides suggestions to address the identified disaster-related issues in the school curriculum. It further elaborates that incorporation of local and contextualised DRR content in school curricula contributes to the establishment of the “culture of resilience” in disaster prone context like Nepal. It concludes that more organised and holistic approach is essential to develop disaster and management knowledge, skills and attitudes to youths.展开更多
Landslides represent a growing global challenge,particularly in mountainous and rapidly urbanising regions where environmental degradation and socio-economic vulnerabilities converge.This study investigates the interr...Landslides represent a growing global challenge,particularly in mountainous and rapidly urbanising regions where environmental degradation and socio-economic vulnerabilities converge.This study investigates the interrelationships between Integrated Landslide Disaster Risk Management(ILDRiM)and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),advancing a systemsbased understanding of landslide risk as a socially constructed and development-driven phenomenon.Drawing on a narrative literature review and a Design Structure Matrix(DSM),the research identifies eight critical drivers of landslide disaster risk:deforestation,climate change,urbanisation,infrastructure development,community vulnerability,exposure to landslides,ineffective governance,and lack of scientific integration into policymaking.The DSM framework systematically maps these drivers against the 17 SDGs to evaluate the nature and strength of their interactions.The analysis reveals significant synergies,where addressing specific drivers supports multiple SDGs,and trade-offs,where risk reduction efforts may inadvertently hinder other development objectives if not implemented inclusively and strategically.Findings underscore the transformative potential of embedding ILDRiM within national and local development frameworks.Prioritising governance reform,scientific innovation,and resilient infrastructure(SDGs 16,17,and 9)is particularly effective for advancing landslide risk reduction while supporting broader sustainability outcomes.The study also highlights the need for anticipatory,cross-sectoral,and community-driven approaches to risk governance.This research offers actionable insights for policymakers,practitioners,and researchers seeking to align disaster risk management with sustainable development planning.It proposes a novel methodology for assessing systemic interlinkages between disaster risk drivers and the SDGs.It calls for further research to refine data integration,address context-specific risks,and strengthen the evidence base for risk-informed development.By operationalising ILDRiM through the SDG framework,this study supports creating more resilient,equitable,and sustainable communities in landslide-prone regions.展开更多
Located on the mountainous western edge of Beijing Municipality,Mentougou District is renowned for its breathtaking natural landscapes and rich cultural heritage.On 22 June,I had the opportunity to visit the district,...Located on the mountainous western edge of Beijing Municipality,Mentougou District is renowned for its breathtaking natural landscapes and rich cultural heritage.On 22 June,I had the opportunity to visit the district,nearly two years after it was struck by a catastrophic flood that left widespread destruction in its wake.My visit provided a unique opportunity to observe the ongoing recovery e!orts and evaluate how the district has leveraged coordinated planning,technology and the resilience of its people to rebuild.The purpose of the visit was to witness these recovery e!orts firsthand and gain insight into the strategies that have helped Mentougou overcome the lingering e!ects of this environmental disaster.展开更多
Background Efficient disaster victim detection(DVD)in urban areas after natural disasters is crucial for minimizing losses.However,conventional search and rescue(SAR)methods often experience delays,which can hinder th...Background Efficient disaster victim detection(DVD)in urban areas after natural disasters is crucial for minimizing losses.However,conventional search and rescue(SAR)methods often experience delays,which can hinder the timely detection of victims.SAR teams face various challenges,including limited access to debris and collapsed structures,safety risks due to unstable conditions,and disrupted communication networks.Methods In this paper,we present DeepSafe,a novel two-level deep learning approach for multilevel classification and object detection using a simulated disaster victim dataset.DeepSafe first employs YOLOv8 to classify images into victim and non-victim categories.Subsequently,Detectron2 is used to precisely locate and outline the victims.Results Experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of DeepSafe in both victim classification and detection.The model effectively identified and located victims under the challenging conditions presented in the dataset.Conclusion DeepSafe offers a practical tool for real-time disaster management and SAR operations,significantly improving conventional methods by reducing delays and enhancing victim detection accuracy in disaster-stricken urban areas.展开更多
Based on the site investigation of a lightning stroke accident in a coal mine in Weiyuan County during a strong thunderstorm process on the night of August 10,2024,combined with the investigation data of the accident ...Based on the site investigation of a lightning stroke accident in a coal mine in Weiyuan County during a strong thunderstorm process on the night of August 10,2024,combined with the investigation data of the accident site,the causes of the lightning stroke accident were analyzed,and the corresponding rectification suggestions were put forward.展开更多
Rainfall-induced landslides are often highly destructive.Reviewing and analyzing the causes,processes,impacts,and deficiencies in emergency response is critical for improving disaster prevention and management.From th...Rainfall-induced landslides are often highly destructive.Reviewing and analyzing the causes,processes,impacts,and deficiencies in emergency response is critical for improving disaster prevention and management.From the night of July 21 to the morning of July 22,2024,the Kencho Shacha Gozdi Village in Gezei Gofa,Southern Nations,Nationalities,and Peoples'Region,Ethiopia,suffered heavy rainfall that triggered two landslides.By July25,this event had claimed at least 257 lives.This study presents a detailed characterization of the landslides using multi-source data.By analyzing the landslide disaster process,this study summarizes key lessons and provides suggestions for preventing rainfall-induced geological hazards.The results indicate that rainfall has the greatest impact on the occurrence of landslides,while lithology and human activities have promoted and strengthened the landslide disaster.Despite the active disaster response in the local area,many problems were still exposed in the emergency response work.This analysis offers valuable insights for mitigating rainfall-induced geological hazards and enhancing emergency response capabilities.展开更多
Rainstorm-induced flood hazards in mountainous areas often result in complex cascading effects by interacting with environmental and human systems.However,traditional studies typically categorize them simply as clearw...Rainstorm-induced flood hazards in mountainous areas often result in complex cascading effects by interacting with environmental and human systems.However,traditional studies typically categorize them simply as clearwater floods or debris floods/flows,overlooking their evolutionary characteristics and compound impacts.This study presents a novel classification-based approach to investigate the formation and destructive mechanisms of a catastrophic composite disaster of flash flood and debris flow in the Dayao Gully(DYG)catchment in Hanyuan County,Sichuan Province,China.The event resulted in 14 fatalities,25 missing persons,and extensive infrastructure damage.Through comprehensive field investigations and multi-method analysis,three distinct disaster zones were identified with different magnitudes and impacts:(1)a clearwater flood disaster region with minimal geomorphological changes under a 5-year return period rainfall;(2)a debris flood disaster region triggered by a 30-year return period rainfall,leading to intense sediment transport with a total deposit volume of 52,511 m^(3);and(3)a sediment-induced flood disaster region characterized by significant riverbed aggradation and infrastructure destruction due to sediment-induced blockage effects.The results reveal that the cascading characteristics of this composite disaster were primarily driven by intense rainfall,enhanced sediment transport motivated by supracritical shear stress,and interactions with human infrastructure(e.g.,bridges and buildings).This classification-based approach provides a quantitative assessment of spatial characteristics of cascading flood disasters,offering new insights into their evolutionary characteristics and highlighting the necessity for targeted disaster mitigation strategies in sedimentprone mountainous regions.展开更多
In deep underground resources mining engineering,rock mass exists in a three-dimensional environment of high stress,high fluid pressure,and high temperature.With the stress disturbance of mining engineering,it is easy...In deep underground resources mining engineering,rock mass exists in a three-dimensional environment of high stress,high fluid pressure,and high temperature.With the stress disturbance of mining engineering,it is easy to trigger high-energy coal-rock dynamic disasters,which severely restricts the safe and efficient development of deep resources.To investigate the non-linear fracture evolution process and key precursor laws of the coal-rock mass in the process of deep mining,an experimental study was conducted based on the true three-dimensional disturbance stress simulation experiment system.Results showed that the disturbance disaster process of the coal-rock mass has significant stages,and the corresponding acoustic emission(AE)signals also show regular changes.The necessary condition for the occurrence of coal-rock dynamic disasters is that the coupling of the maximum static stress and disturbance stress amplitude should exceed the damage threshold value,the increase ofσ_(2)can reduce the occurrence probability of disaster,and the influence of disturbance frequency on disaster intensity is transition.There are obvious stages in the damage accumulation process of stress-disturbed rock mass,including:damage weakening stage,no damage stage,and accelerated damage stage.The brief AE event calm period and the rapid decline of high average frequency value accompanied with the surge in the low-rise time/amplitude value before the disaster can be regarded as the key precursors of the rock dynamic disaster.The research results are crucial for understanding the disaster evolution of rock mass rupture disturbed by three-dimensional stress in deep engineering,and for the early warning and prevention of coal-rock dynamic disasters.展开更多
In the context of climate change,the acceleration of the global water cycle has led to the emergence of abrupt transitions between drought and flood events,presenting a new challenge for flood and drought disaster mit...In the context of climate change,the acceleration of the global water cycle has led to the emergence of abrupt transitions between drought and flood events,presenting a new challenge for flood and drought disaster mitigation.Abrupt transitions between drought and flood refer to a phenomenon in which an extreme drought event quickly shifts to an extreme flood event,or vice versa,within a relatively short time span.This phenomenon disrupts the traditional spatiotemporal distribution patterns of water-related disasters,reflecting not only the extreme unevenness in the distribution of water resources but also the rapid alternation of the water cycle's evolution(He et al.,2016).Moreover,due to its suddenness,extremity,and complexity,it poses severe threats to human societies and ecosystems.Scientifically addressing abrupt transitions between drought and flood has thus become a new challenge in flood and drought disaster prevention.展开更多
Flood disasters can have a serious impact on people's production and lives, and can cause hugelosses in lives and property security. Based on multi-source remote sensing data, this study establisheddecision tree c...Flood disasters can have a serious impact on people's production and lives, and can cause hugelosses in lives and property security. Based on multi-source remote sensing data, this study establisheddecision tree classification rules through multi-source and multi-temporal feature fusion, classified groundobjects before the disaster and extracted flood information in the disaster area based on optical imagesduring the disaster, so as to achieve rapid acquisition of the disaster situation of each disaster bearing object.In the case of Qianliang Lake, which suffered from flooding in 2020, the results show that decision treeclassification algorithms based on multi-temporal features can effectively integrate multi-temporal and multispectralinformation to overcome the shortcomings of single-temporal image classification and achieveground-truth object classification.展开更多
Disaster risk reduction,an essential function of protected areas(PAs),has been generally overlooked in PA design.Using primates as a model,we designed a disaster risk index(DRI)to measure the disaster sensitivity of p...Disaster risk reduction,an essential function of protected areas(PAs),has been generally overlooked in PA design.Using primates as a model,we designed a disaster risk index(DRI)to measure the disaster sensitivity of primate species.High-conservation-need(HCN)areas were identified by both their richness and number of threatened primate species.We also constructed high-disaster-risk(HDR)areas and climate-sensitive(CS)areas based on a disaster risk assessment and temperature change under climate change.We overlaid HCN and HDR areas to obtain HDR-HCN areas.We defined species conservation targets as the percent of each species’range that should be effectively conserved using“Zonation”.Landslides had the highest DRI(1.43±0.88),but have been overlooked in previous studies.PA coverage in HDR-HCN(30%)areas was similar to that in HCN areas(28%),indicating that current PA design fails to account for disaster risk reduction.About 50%of the HDR-HCN areas overlapped with CS areas.Presently,43%of primate species meet their conservation targets.Fifty-seven of primate species would meet their conservation targets and 67%of primates could benefit from PA expansion if HDR-HCN areas are fully incorporated into PAs.Increasing PA coverage in HDR-HCN areas is essential to achieving both primate conservation and disaster risk reduction.The study calls for integrating disaster risk reduction into PA design guidelines,particularly in regions like the western Amazon,and recommends flexible conservation approaches in other areas.展开更多
The occurrence characteristics and impacts of agricultural meteorological disasters during the main growth period of potatoes in Ulanqab City were analyzed.According to the development needs of modern potato industry,...The occurrence characteristics and impacts of agricultural meteorological disasters during the main growth period of potatoes in Ulanqab City were analyzed.According to the development needs of modern potato industry,some countermeasures for meteorological services in the disaster prevention and mitigation of potatoes were proposed,such as strengthening intelligent and digital meteorological services,and building a full-chain meteorological service for the entire growth period of potatoes.The aim is to reduce the impact of disasters and increase the yield and quality of potatoes through intelligent and digital meteorological services.展开更多
Background: Disaster preparedness is a critical aspect of nursing education, enhancing students’ ability to respond effectively in emergencies. However, the extent to which nursing curricula influence disaster prepar...Background: Disaster preparedness is a critical aspect of nursing education, enhancing students’ ability to respond effectively in emergencies. However, the extent to which nursing curricula influence disaster preparedness awareness remains underexplored. Our study found that 39% of students reported improved awareness after three years, highlighting the need for targeted curriculum enhancements. Purpose: To evaluate changes in disaster preparedness awareness among nursing students over three years of education and identify gaps in current curricula impacting this awareness. Results: Findings indicate that while 39% of students showed improved awareness, significant gaps remain, suggesting the need for a dedicated course on emergency preparedness. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of integrating comprehensive disaster preparedness education within nursing curricula to address these gaps and foster resilience in future healthcare professionals.展开更多
In China, meteorological forecasting relies on meteorological data obtained from regional and national stations. However, there were discrepancies between the data collected from the meteorological station at the pass...In China, meteorological forecasting relies on meteorological data obtained from regional and national stations. However, there were discrepancies between the data collected from the meteorological station at the passion fruit growing base and the data from regional and national stations. Consequently, the high and low temperature disaster indicators determined by the meteorological station at the passion fruit growing base cannot be applied to meteorological forecasting. To address this issue and facilitate the monitoring and early warning of high and low temperature disasters in passion fruit cultivation in Fujian, China, we used multi-source hourly temperature data (including the data from meteorological observation stations in passion fruit growing bases, the nearest regional stations, and national surface conventional meteorological observation stations) in three cities in southwestern Fujian (Longyan, Sanming, and Zhangzhou) spanning the years 2020 to 2022. By employing comprehensive statistical analysis methods (0.5 interval division and Cumulative frequency), we identified that passion fruit in southwestern Fujian was susceptible to high temperature disasters during the blooming-fruiting period, as well as low temperature disasters during the sprouting period. Consequently, we developed high and low temperature disaster indicators based on data from regional and national stations for different phenological periods of passion fruit in this region.展开更多
Disaster is a social phenomenon. The occurrence and impacts of disasters including the education sector can be studied through a social problem lens. This paper draws meaning and understanding of DRR education using t...Disaster is a social phenomenon. The occurrence and impacts of disasters including the education sector can be studied through a social problem lens. This paper draws meaning and understanding of DRR education using the sociological disciplinary framework in a detailed qualitative case study of three schools as they responded to the devastating Gorakha earthquake in 2015 and other disasters in Nepal. This paper considers the three sub-disciplines of sociology: the sociology of disaster, the sociology of education and the sociology of education governance in a development context. These sub-disciplines are nested together to analyse social, political and historical factors and their relationships which are helpful to identify risks and vulnerabilities in the education sector in Nepal. These are the major areas to explore the disaster context and needs of context-specific education acts (hereafter DRR education) to minimise the potential risks of disasters. The article concludes that the social disciplinary framework is significantly useful to analyse DRR education provisions and implications of education governance to mobilise school in disaster preparedness, response and recovery.展开更多
Amidst a concerning surge in urban losses attributed to disasters,this research paper explores the intricate relationship between urban development,disaster mitigation,and resilience emphasizing the significance of ad...Amidst a concerning surge in urban losses attributed to disasters,this research paper explores the intricate relationship between urban development,disaster mitigation,and resilience emphasizing the significance of addressing disaster vulnerability in urban settings,where a substantial portion of the population faces risks stemming from high population density,limited resilience,and inadequate coping capabilities.The study advocates for the integration of disaster resilience principles into the Smart Cities Mission of India,placing particular emphasis on the necessity of developing infrastructure,establishing early warning systems,and fostering community engagement to bolster urban resilience.Furthermore,the paper draws comparisons and parallels between the components of smart cities,mitigation strategies,and disaster resilience,illuminating their interconnectedness and potential synergies.In conclusion,the study recommends the incorporation of essential network elements to establish a Smart Cities Mission that is resilient to disasters,ultimately aiming to safeguard urban communities from the adverse impacts of future calamities.展开更多
According to news reports on severe earthquakes since 2008,a total of 51 cases with magnitudes of 6.0 or above were analyzed,and 14 frequently occurring secondary disasters were identified.A disaster chain model was d...According to news reports on severe earthquakes since 2008,a total of 51 cases with magnitudes of 6.0 or above were analyzed,and 14 frequently occurring secondary disasters were identified.A disaster chain model was developed using principles from complex network theory.The vulnerability and risk level of each edge in this model were calculated,and high-risk edges and disaster chains were identified.The analysis reveals that the edge“floods→building collapses”has the highest vulnerability.Implementing measures to mitigate this edge is crucial for delaying the spread of secondary disasters.The highest risk is associated with the edge“building collapses→casualties,”and increased risks are also identified for chains such as“earthquake→building collapses→casualties,”“earthquake→landslides and debris flows→dammed lakes,”and“dammed lakes→floods→building collapses.”Following an earthquake,the prompt implementation of measures is crucial to effectively disrupt these chains and minimize the damage from secondary disasters.展开更多
文摘The China Meteorological Administration(CMA)said that in the last five years,China has made big improvements in its weather services.This includes better weather forecasts and ways to protect people from disasters.
基金The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program,No.2019QZKK0903-02National Key R&D Program of China,No.2022YFC3002902National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42201086。
文摘The Hengduan Mountains region(HMR)is one of the most densely distributed and severe flash flood disaster-prone areas in southwest China.It is also a key area for major engineering projects and beautiful countryside construction in Southwest China.However,previous studies have not systematically summarized the development characteristics and formation modes of flash flood disasters in the HMR,which limits the development of theoretical and technical system for flood control.In this study,we focused on the physical processes of flash flood disasters in the HMR,including generation,movement,and disaster formation,and clarified the dominant disaster-inducing conditions(multiple humid monsoon circulation,high potential energy and high heterogenous underlying surface)and disaster development characteristics(high spatio-temporal heterogeneity,highly concentrated energy,chain and cascading effects,and clustered occurrence)of flash floods in the HMR.Based on the entire processes of flash flood disasters,three major formation modes have been summarized:the runoff generation mode of vegetation-hydrology-soil coupling dominated by high hydraulic gradient in mountainous areas,strong flow-sediment coupling movement,and serious disaster losses due to high exposure of disaster bearing objects.Finally,based on the issues in previous research,four future research challenges for flash flood disaster in the HMR were proposed.Our study provides insights into disaster prevention and reduction research,including fundamental theoretical system,precise risk assessment of regional disasters,and accurate early warning and forecasting of flash floods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52273220 and 22205243)。
文摘Snow and freezing disasters are recurrent weather and climate phenomena that affect the world annually.These events exert a significant influence on numerous aspects of life,including transportation,power supply,and daily activities,and result in considerable economic losses.This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the regions affected by these disasters,the preventive and responsive measures employed,recent advancements in key materials,and the challenges encountered.By doing so,we can gain a deeper understanding of the vital role,significant advantages,and untapped potential of key materials for effectively preventing and responding to snow and freezing disasters.Furthermore,promoting research and utilization of these materials not only contributes to the development of the safety and emergency equipment industry but also strengthens the supply of advanced and suitable safety and emergency equipment.
文摘This study draws from detailed qualitative case studies of three schools that practise disaster risk reduction (DRR) education initiatives in their curriculum in Nepal. Using curriculum mapping and discourse analysis, it aims to elaborate the significance of relevant disaster risk reduction (DRR) content in school curriculum to prepare youths for disaster response and recovery. It elaborates the nature of the current DRR content covered in curricula and textbooks and provides suggestions to address the identified disaster-related issues in the school curriculum. It further elaborates that incorporation of local and contextualised DRR content in school curricula contributes to the establishment of the “culture of resilience” in disaster prone context like Nepal. It concludes that more organised and holistic approach is essential to develop disaster and management knowledge, skills and attitudes to youths.
基金DGAPA-UNAM for providing financial support to conduct landslide risk research through Project PAPIIT IN300823。
文摘Landslides represent a growing global challenge,particularly in mountainous and rapidly urbanising regions where environmental degradation and socio-economic vulnerabilities converge.This study investigates the interrelationships between Integrated Landslide Disaster Risk Management(ILDRiM)and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),advancing a systemsbased understanding of landslide risk as a socially constructed and development-driven phenomenon.Drawing on a narrative literature review and a Design Structure Matrix(DSM),the research identifies eight critical drivers of landslide disaster risk:deforestation,climate change,urbanisation,infrastructure development,community vulnerability,exposure to landslides,ineffective governance,and lack of scientific integration into policymaking.The DSM framework systematically maps these drivers against the 17 SDGs to evaluate the nature and strength of their interactions.The analysis reveals significant synergies,where addressing specific drivers supports multiple SDGs,and trade-offs,where risk reduction efforts may inadvertently hinder other development objectives if not implemented inclusively and strategically.Findings underscore the transformative potential of embedding ILDRiM within national and local development frameworks.Prioritising governance reform,scientific innovation,and resilient infrastructure(SDGs 16,17,and 9)is particularly effective for advancing landslide risk reduction while supporting broader sustainability outcomes.The study also highlights the need for anticipatory,cross-sectoral,and community-driven approaches to risk governance.This research offers actionable insights for policymakers,practitioners,and researchers seeking to align disaster risk management with sustainable development planning.It proposes a novel methodology for assessing systemic interlinkages between disaster risk drivers and the SDGs.It calls for further research to refine data integration,address context-specific risks,and strengthen the evidence base for risk-informed development.By operationalising ILDRiM through the SDG framework,this study supports creating more resilient,equitable,and sustainable communities in landslide-prone regions.
文摘Located on the mountainous western edge of Beijing Municipality,Mentougou District is renowned for its breathtaking natural landscapes and rich cultural heritage.On 22 June,I had the opportunity to visit the district,nearly two years after it was struck by a catastrophic flood that left widespread destruction in its wake.My visit provided a unique opportunity to observe the ongoing recovery e!orts and evaluate how the district has leveraged coordinated planning,technology and the resilience of its people to rebuild.The purpose of the visit was to witness these recovery e!orts firsthand and gain insight into the strategies that have helped Mentougou overcome the lingering e!ects of this environmental disaster.
基金Supported by European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program(739578)the Government of the Republic of Cyprus through the Deputy Ministry of Research,Innovation,and Digital Policy.
文摘Background Efficient disaster victim detection(DVD)in urban areas after natural disasters is crucial for minimizing losses.However,conventional search and rescue(SAR)methods often experience delays,which can hinder the timely detection of victims.SAR teams face various challenges,including limited access to debris and collapsed structures,safety risks due to unstable conditions,and disrupted communication networks.Methods In this paper,we present DeepSafe,a novel two-level deep learning approach for multilevel classification and object detection using a simulated disaster victim dataset.DeepSafe first employs YOLOv8 to classify images into victim and non-victim categories.Subsequently,Detectron2 is used to precisely locate and outline the victims.Results Experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of DeepSafe in both victim classification and detection.The model effectively identified and located victims under the challenging conditions presented in the dataset.Conclusion DeepSafe offers a practical tool for real-time disaster management and SAR operations,significantly improving conventional methods by reducing delays and enhancing victim detection accuracy in disaster-stricken urban areas.
文摘Based on the site investigation of a lightning stroke accident in a coal mine in Weiyuan County during a strong thunderstorm process on the night of August 10,2024,combined with the investigation data of the accident site,the causes of the lightning stroke accident were analyzed,and the corresponding rectification suggestions were put forward.
基金supported by the National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of China(2023-JBKY-57)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42077259)。
文摘Rainfall-induced landslides are often highly destructive.Reviewing and analyzing the causes,processes,impacts,and deficiencies in emergency response is critical for improving disaster prevention and management.From the night of July 21 to the morning of July 22,2024,the Kencho Shacha Gozdi Village in Gezei Gofa,Southern Nations,Nationalities,and Peoples'Region,Ethiopia,suffered heavy rainfall that triggered two landslides.By July25,this event had claimed at least 257 lives.This study presents a detailed characterization of the landslides using multi-source data.By analyzing the landslide disaster process,this study summarizes key lessons and provides suggestions for preventing rainfall-induced geological hazards.The results indicate that rainfall has the greatest impact on the occurrence of landslides,while lithology and human activities have promoted and strengthened the landslide disaster.Despite the active disaster response in the local area,many problems were still exposed in the emergency response work.This analysis offers valuable insights for mitigating rainfall-induced geological hazards and enhancing emergency response capabilities.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Joint Fund for Changjiang River Water Science Research(U2340201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52239006)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC0005).
文摘Rainstorm-induced flood hazards in mountainous areas often result in complex cascading effects by interacting with environmental and human systems.However,traditional studies typically categorize them simply as clearwater floods or debris floods/flows,overlooking their evolutionary characteristics and compound impacts.This study presents a novel classification-based approach to investigate the formation and destructive mechanisms of a catastrophic composite disaster of flash flood and debris flow in the Dayao Gully(DYG)catchment in Hanyuan County,Sichuan Province,China.The event resulted in 14 fatalities,25 missing persons,and extensive infrastructure damage.Through comprehensive field investigations and multi-method analysis,three distinct disaster zones were identified with different magnitudes and impacts:(1)a clearwater flood disaster region with minimal geomorphological changes under a 5-year return period rainfall;(2)a debris flood disaster region triggered by a 30-year return period rainfall,leading to intense sediment transport with a total deposit volume of 52,511 m^(3);and(3)a sediment-induced flood disaster region characterized by significant riverbed aggradation and infrastructure destruction due to sediment-induced blockage effects.The results reveal that the cascading characteristics of this composite disaster were primarily driven by intense rainfall,enhanced sediment transport motivated by supracritical shear stress,and interactions with human infrastructure(e.g.,bridges and buildings).This classification-based approach provides a quantitative assessment of spatial characteristics of cascading flood disasters,offering new insights into their evolutionary characteristics and highlighting the necessity for targeted disaster mitigation strategies in sedimentprone mountainous regions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52374222 and 52104209)Basic and applied basic research project of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2024A1515010992).
文摘In deep underground resources mining engineering,rock mass exists in a three-dimensional environment of high stress,high fluid pressure,and high temperature.With the stress disturbance of mining engineering,it is easy to trigger high-energy coal-rock dynamic disasters,which severely restricts the safe and efficient development of deep resources.To investigate the non-linear fracture evolution process and key precursor laws of the coal-rock mass in the process of deep mining,an experimental study was conducted based on the true three-dimensional disturbance stress simulation experiment system.Results showed that the disturbance disaster process of the coal-rock mass has significant stages,and the corresponding acoustic emission(AE)signals also show regular changes.The necessary condition for the occurrence of coal-rock dynamic disasters is that the coupling of the maximum static stress and disturbance stress amplitude should exceed the damage threshold value,the increase ofσ_(2)can reduce the occurrence probability of disaster,and the influence of disturbance frequency on disaster intensity is transition.There are obvious stages in the damage accumulation process of stress-disturbed rock mass,including:damage weakening stage,no damage stage,and accelerated damage stage.The brief AE event calm period and the rapid decline of high average frequency value accompanied with the surge in the low-rise time/amplitude value before the disaster can be regarded as the key precursors of the rock dynamic disaster.The research results are crucial for understanding the disaster evolution of rock mass rupture disturbed by three-dimensional stress in deep engineering,and for the early warning and prevention of coal-rock dynamic disasters.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3209800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52279011).
文摘In the context of climate change,the acceleration of the global water cycle has led to the emergence of abrupt transitions between drought and flood events,presenting a new challenge for flood and drought disaster mitigation.Abrupt transitions between drought and flood refer to a phenomenon in which an extreme drought event quickly shifts to an extreme flood event,or vice versa,within a relatively short time span.This phenomenon disrupts the traditional spatiotemporal distribution patterns of water-related disasters,reflecting not only the extreme unevenness in the distribution of water resources but also the rapid alternation of the water cycle's evolution(He et al.,2016).Moreover,due to its suddenness,extremity,and complexity,it poses severe threats to human societies and ecosystems.Scientifically addressing abrupt transitions between drought and flood has thus become a new challenge in flood and drought disaster prevention.
文摘Flood disasters can have a serious impact on people's production and lives, and can cause hugelosses in lives and property security. Based on multi-source remote sensing data, this study establisheddecision tree classification rules through multi-source and multi-temporal feature fusion, classified groundobjects before the disaster and extracted flood information in the disaster area based on optical imagesduring the disaster, so as to achieve rapid acquisition of the disaster situation of each disaster bearing object.In the case of Qianliang Lake, which suffered from flooding in 2020, the results show that decision treeclassification algorithms based on multi-temporal features can effectively integrate multi-temporal and multispectralinformation to overcome the shortcomings of single-temporal image classification and achieveground-truth object classification.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2022YFF1301500)the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grants No.32000352,32171485,and 32371741)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021A1515010968)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(Grant No.23lgzy002).
文摘Disaster risk reduction,an essential function of protected areas(PAs),has been generally overlooked in PA design.Using primates as a model,we designed a disaster risk index(DRI)to measure the disaster sensitivity of primate species.High-conservation-need(HCN)areas were identified by both their richness and number of threatened primate species.We also constructed high-disaster-risk(HDR)areas and climate-sensitive(CS)areas based on a disaster risk assessment and temperature change under climate change.We overlaid HCN and HDR areas to obtain HDR-HCN areas.We defined species conservation targets as the percent of each species’range that should be effectively conserved using“Zonation”.Landslides had the highest DRI(1.43±0.88),but have been overlooked in previous studies.PA coverage in HDR-HCN(30%)areas was similar to that in HCN areas(28%),indicating that current PA design fails to account for disaster risk reduction.About 50%of the HDR-HCN areas overlapped with CS areas.Presently,43%of primate species meet their conservation targets.Fifty-seven of primate species would meet their conservation targets and 67%of primates could benefit from PA expansion if HDR-HCN areas are fully incorporated into PAs.Increasing PA coverage in HDR-HCN areas is essential to achieving both primate conservation and disaster risk reduction.The study calls for integrating disaster risk reduction into PA design guidelines,particularly in regions like the western Amazon,and recommends flexible conservation approaches in other areas.
文摘The occurrence characteristics and impacts of agricultural meteorological disasters during the main growth period of potatoes in Ulanqab City were analyzed.According to the development needs of modern potato industry,some countermeasures for meteorological services in the disaster prevention and mitigation of potatoes were proposed,such as strengthening intelligent and digital meteorological services,and building a full-chain meteorological service for the entire growth period of potatoes.The aim is to reduce the impact of disasters and increase the yield and quality of potatoes through intelligent and digital meteorological services.
文摘Background: Disaster preparedness is a critical aspect of nursing education, enhancing students’ ability to respond effectively in emergencies. However, the extent to which nursing curricula influence disaster preparedness awareness remains underexplored. Our study found that 39% of students reported improved awareness after three years, highlighting the need for targeted curriculum enhancements. Purpose: To evaluate changes in disaster preparedness awareness among nursing students over three years of education and identify gaps in current curricula impacting this awareness. Results: Findings indicate that while 39% of students showed improved awareness, significant gaps remain, suggesting the need for a dedicated course on emergency preparedness. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of integrating comprehensive disaster preparedness education within nursing curricula to address these gaps and foster resilience in future healthcare professionals.
文摘In China, meteorological forecasting relies on meteorological data obtained from regional and national stations. However, there were discrepancies between the data collected from the meteorological station at the passion fruit growing base and the data from regional and national stations. Consequently, the high and low temperature disaster indicators determined by the meteorological station at the passion fruit growing base cannot be applied to meteorological forecasting. To address this issue and facilitate the monitoring and early warning of high and low temperature disasters in passion fruit cultivation in Fujian, China, we used multi-source hourly temperature data (including the data from meteorological observation stations in passion fruit growing bases, the nearest regional stations, and national surface conventional meteorological observation stations) in three cities in southwestern Fujian (Longyan, Sanming, and Zhangzhou) spanning the years 2020 to 2022. By employing comprehensive statistical analysis methods (0.5 interval division and Cumulative frequency), we identified that passion fruit in southwestern Fujian was susceptible to high temperature disasters during the blooming-fruiting period, as well as low temperature disasters during the sprouting period. Consequently, we developed high and low temperature disaster indicators based on data from regional and national stations for different phenological periods of passion fruit in this region.
文摘Disaster is a social phenomenon. The occurrence and impacts of disasters including the education sector can be studied through a social problem lens. This paper draws meaning and understanding of DRR education using the sociological disciplinary framework in a detailed qualitative case study of three schools as they responded to the devastating Gorakha earthquake in 2015 and other disasters in Nepal. This paper considers the three sub-disciplines of sociology: the sociology of disaster, the sociology of education and the sociology of education governance in a development context. These sub-disciplines are nested together to analyse social, political and historical factors and their relationships which are helpful to identify risks and vulnerabilities in the education sector in Nepal. These are the major areas to explore the disaster context and needs of context-specific education acts (hereafter DRR education) to minimise the potential risks of disasters. The article concludes that the social disciplinary framework is significantly useful to analyse DRR education provisions and implications of education governance to mobilise school in disaster preparedness, response and recovery.
基金funding agency in the public,commercial,or not-for-profit sectors.
文摘Amidst a concerning surge in urban losses attributed to disasters,this research paper explores the intricate relationship between urban development,disaster mitigation,and resilience emphasizing the significance of addressing disaster vulnerability in urban settings,where a substantial portion of the population faces risks stemming from high population density,limited resilience,and inadequate coping capabilities.The study advocates for the integration of disaster resilience principles into the Smart Cities Mission of India,placing particular emphasis on the necessity of developing infrastructure,establishing early warning systems,and fostering community engagement to bolster urban resilience.Furthermore,the paper draws comparisons and parallels between the components of smart cities,mitigation strategies,and disaster resilience,illuminating their interconnectedness and potential synergies.In conclusion,the study recommends the incorporation of essential network elements to establish a Smart Cities Mission that is resilient to disasters,ultimately aiming to safeguard urban communities from the adverse impacts of future calamities.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3803000).
文摘According to news reports on severe earthquakes since 2008,a total of 51 cases with magnitudes of 6.0 or above were analyzed,and 14 frequently occurring secondary disasters were identified.A disaster chain model was developed using principles from complex network theory.The vulnerability and risk level of each edge in this model were calculated,and high-risk edges and disaster chains were identified.The analysis reveals that the edge“floods→building collapses”has the highest vulnerability.Implementing measures to mitigate this edge is crucial for delaying the spread of secondary disasters.The highest risk is associated with the edge“building collapses→casualties,”and increased risks are also identified for chains such as“earthquake→building collapses→casualties,”“earthquake→landslides and debris flows→dammed lakes,”and“dammed lakes→floods→building collapses.”Following an earthquake,the prompt implementation of measures is crucial to effectively disrupt these chains and minimize the damage from secondary disasters.
