The proliferation of wearable biodevices has boosted the development of soft,innovative,and multifunctional materials for human health monitoring.The integration of wearable sensors with intelligent systems is an over...The proliferation of wearable biodevices has boosted the development of soft,innovative,and multifunctional materials for human health monitoring.The integration of wearable sensors with intelligent systems is an overwhelming tendency,providing powerful tools for remote health monitoring and personal health management.Among many candidates,two-dimensional(2D)materials stand out due to several exotic mechanical,electrical,optical,and chemical properties that can be efficiently integrated into atomic-thin films.While previous reviews on 2D materials for biodevices primarily focus on conventional configurations and materials like graphene,the rapid development of new 2D materials with exotic properties has opened up novel applications,particularly in smart interaction and integrated functionalities.This review aims to consolidate recent progress,highlight the unique advantages of 2D materials,and guide future research by discussing existing challenges and opportunities in applying 2D materials for smart wearable biodevices.We begin with an in-depth analysis of the advantages,sensing mechanisms,and potential applications of 2D materials in wearable biodevice fabrication.Following this,we systematically discuss state-of-the-art biodevices based on 2D materials for monitoring various physiological signals within the human body.Special attention is given to showcasing the integration of multi-functionality in 2D smart devices,mainly including self-power supply,integrated diagnosis/treatment,and human–machine interaction.Finally,the review concludes with a concise summary of existing challenges and prospective solutions concerning the utilization of2D materials for advanced biodevices.展开更多
Heat dissipation and thermal switches are vital for adaptive cooling and extending the lifespan of electronic devices and batteries. In this work, we conducted high-throughput investigations on the thermal transport o...Heat dissipation and thermal switches are vital for adaptive cooling and extending the lifespan of electronic devices and batteries. In this work, we conducted high-throughput investigations on the thermal transport of 24 experimentally realized two-dimensional(2D) materials and their potential as thermal switches, leveraging machine-learning-assisted strain engineering and phonon transport simulations. We identified several highperformance thermal switches with ratios exceeding 2, with germanene(Ge) achieving an ultrahigh ratio of up to9.64 within the reversible deformation range. The underlying mechanism is strain-induced bond softening, which sensitively affects anharmonicity represented by three-and four-phonon scattering. The widespread occurrence of four-phonon scattering was confirmed in the thermal transport of 2D materials. Opposite switching trends were discovered, with 2D transition metal dichalcogenide materials showing negative responses to tensile strain while buckled 2D elemental materials showed positive responses. We further proposed a screening descriptor based on strain-induced changes in the Gr¨uneisen parameter for efficiently identifying new high-performance thermal switch materials. This work establishes a paradigm for thermal energy control in 2D materials through strain engineering, which may be experimentally realized in the future via bending, substrate mismatch, and related approaches, thereby laying a robust foundation for further developments and applications.展开更多
The immense prospects of two-dimensional(2D)materials in the field of high-performance sensing stem from their unique layered structures and superior properties.Constructing heterostructures and refining sensor archit...The immense prospects of two-dimensional(2D)materials in the field of high-performance sensing stem from their unique layered structures and superior properties.Constructing heterostructures and refining sensor architectures are at the forefront of innovative research to enhance sensor performance.This review synthesizes the current literature,discussing the photovoltaic attributes,fabrication methods,analytical techniques and integration strategies pertinent to 2D materials.This comprehensive review of the operating principles of various sensors investigates the recent progress and deployment of these materials within diverse sensing devices,including chemical sensors,biosensors and optical sensors.Conclusively,this review serves as a valuable reference for understanding the applications and progress of 2D materials in high-performance sensors and explores their potential in interdisciplinary research.展开更多
Environmental catalysis has been considered one of the important research topics.Some technologies(e.g.,photocatalysis and electrocatalysis)have been intensively developed with the advance of synthetic technologies of...Environmental catalysis has been considered one of the important research topics.Some technologies(e.g.,photocatalysis and electrocatalysis)have been intensively developed with the advance of synthetic technologies of catalytical materials.In 2019,we discussed the development trend of this field,and wrote a roadmap on this topic in Chinese Chemical Letters(30(2019)2065-2088).Nowadays,we discuss it again from a new viewpoint along this road.In this paper,several subtopics are discussed,e.g.,photocatalysis based on titanium dioxide,violet phosphorus,graphitic carbon and covalent organic frameworks,electrocatalysts based on carbon,metal-and covalent-organic framework.Finally,we hope that this roadmap can enrich the development of two-dimensional materials in environmental catalysis with novel understanding,and give useful inspiration to explore new catalysts for practical applications.展开更多
Carbon-based low-dimensional materials(CLDM)with elemental carbon as the main component have unique physical and chemical properties,and become the focus of research in many fields including energy,environmental prote...Carbon-based low-dimensional materials(CLDM)with elemental carbon as the main component have unique physical and chemical properties,and become the focus of research in many fields including energy,environmental protection,and information technology.Notably,cellulose acetate,the main component of cigarette butts(CBs),is a one-dimensional precursor with a large specific surface area and aspect ratio.Still,their usefulness as building fillers has often been underestimated before.This review summarizes recent advances in CBs recycling and provides suggested guidelines for its use as a CLDM material in renewable energy.Specifically,we first describe the harmful effects of CBs as pollutants in our lives to emphasize the importance of proper recycling.We then summarize previous methods of recycling CBs waste,including clay bricks,asphalt concrete pavement,gypsum,acoustic materials,chemisorption,vector control,and corrosion control.The potential applications of CBs include triboelectric nanogenerator applications,flexible batteries,enhanced metal-organic framework material energy storage devices,and carbon-based hydrogen storage.Finally,the advantages of utilizing CBs-derived CLDM materials over conventional solutions in the energy field are discussed.This review will provide new avenues for solving the intractable problem of CBs and reducing the manufacturing costs of renewable materials.展开更多
Bacterial infections have always been a major threat to human health.Skin wounds are frequently exposed to the external environment,and they may become contaminated by bacteria derived from the surrounding skin,the lo...Bacterial infections have always been a major threat to human health.Skin wounds are frequently exposed to the external environment,and they may become contaminated by bacteria derived from the surrounding skin,the local environment,and the patient’s own endogenous sources.Contaminated wounds may enter a state of chronic inflammation that impedes healing.Urgent development of antibacterial wound dressings capable of effectively combating bacteria and overcoming resistance is necessary.Nanotechnology and nanomaterials present promising potential as innovative strategies for antimicrobial wound dressings,owing to their robust antibacterial characteristics and the inherent advantage of avoiding antibiotic resistance.Therefore,this review provides a concise overview of the antimicrobial mechanisms exhibited by low-dimensional nanomaterials.It further categorizes common low-dimensional antimicrobial nanomaterials into zero-dimensional(0D),one-dimensional(1D)and two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials based on their structural characteristics,and gives a detailed compendium of the latest research advances and applications of different low-dimensional antimicrobial nanomaterials in wound healing,which could be helpful for the development of more effective wound dressings.展开更多
Moiré superlattices have revolutionized the study of two-dimensional materials, enabling unprecedented control over their electronic, magnetic, optical, and mechanical properties. This review provides a comprehen...Moiré superlattices have revolutionized the study of two-dimensional materials, enabling unprecedented control over their electronic, magnetic, optical, and mechanical properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in moiré physics, focusing on the formation of moiré superlattices due to rotational misalignment or lattice mismatch in two-dimensional materials. These superlattices induce flat band structures and strong correlation effects,leading to the emergence of exotic quantum phases, such as unconventional superconductivity, correlated insulating states,and fractional quantum anomalous Hall effects. The review also explores the underlying mechanisms of these phenomena and discusses the potential technological applications of moiré physics, offering insights into future research directions in this rapidly evolving field.展开更多
In recent years,as the dimensions of the conventional semiconductor technology is approaching the physical limits,while the multifunction circuits are restricted by the relatively fixed characteristics of the traditio...In recent years,as the dimensions of the conventional semiconductor technology is approaching the physical limits,while the multifunction circuits are restricted by the relatively fixed characteristics of the traditional metal−oxide−semiconductor field-effect transistors,reconfigurable devices that can realize reconfigurable characteristics and multiple functions at device level have been seen as a promising method to improve integration density and reduce power consumption.Owing to the ultrathin structure,effective control of the electronic characteristics and ability to modulate structural defects,two-dimensional(2D)materials have been widely used to fabricate reconfigurable devices.In this review,we summarize the working principles and related logic applications of reconfigurable devices based on 2D materials,including generating tunable anti-ambipolar responses and demonstrating nonvolatile operations.Furthermore,we discuss the analog signal processing applications of anti-ambipolar transistors and the artificial intelligence hardware implementations based on reconfigurable transistors and memristors,respectively,therefore highlighting the outstanding advantages of reconfigurable devices in footprint,energy consumption and performance.Finally,we discuss the challenges of the 2D materials-based reconfigurable devices.展开更多
The design and development of solar dryers are crucial in regions with abundant solar energy,such as Bhopal,India,where seasonal variations significantly impact the efficiency of drying processes.The paper is focused ...The design and development of solar dryers are crucial in regions with abundant solar energy,such as Bhopal,India,where seasonal variations significantly impact the efficiency of drying processes.The paper is focused on employing a comprehensive mathematical model to predict the dryer’s performance in drying the materials such as banana slices.To enhance this model,Hyper Tuned Swarm Optimization with Gradient Tree(HT_SOGT)was utilized to accurately predict and determine the optimal size of the dryer dimensions considering various mathematical calculations for material drying.The predictive model considered the influence of seasonal fluctuations,ensuring an efficient drying process with an objective function to optimize the drying time of an average of 7 hrs throughout the year.Across all recorded ambient temperatures(ranging from 16.985○C to 31.4○C),the outlet temperature of the solar dryer is consistently higher,ranging from 39.085○C to 66.2○C.The results show that the optimized dryer design,based on HT_SOGT modelling,significantly improves drying efficiency of the materials across varying conditions,making it suitable for sustainable applications in agriculture and food processing industries in the Bhopal region.展开更多
Hydrogenated two-dimensional(2D)materials have gained significant attention due to their tunable properties,which can be engineered through various functionalization techniques.This review discusses hydrogenated Xenes...Hydrogenated two-dimensional(2D)materials have gained significant attention due to their tunable properties,which can be engineered through various functionalization techniques.This review discusses hydrogenated Xenes,a new class of fully hydrogenated mono-elemental 2D materials,including graphane,germanane,silicane,and stanane.Hydrogenation enhances the properties of Xenes,making them transparent,mechanically strong,electrically conductive,and rare.These materials off er a unique combination of characteristics that make them highly desirable for a variety of advanced applications in energy storage,organic electronics,and optoelectronics.Xenes such as silicane and germanane are semiconductors with tunable bandgaps,making them ideal for use in transistors,logic circuits,and sensors.Their electronic and optical properties can be finely adjusted,allowing them to be used in high-performance devices like LEDs,solar cells,and photodetectors.Furthermore,hydrogenated Xenes show potential in applications like batteries,supercapacitors,hydrogen storage,piezoelectricity,and biosensing,owing to their high surface area and versatility.This review also explores the impact of various hydrogenation techniques,including plasma treatment,wet chemical methods,and electrochemical hydrogenation,on the electronic,mechanical,thermal,optical,and magnetic properties of these materials.Advanced characterization techniques,such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XANES),have provided valuable insights into the electronic structure and bonding environments of these materials.Finally,the paper highlights the challenges and limitations of hydrogenation,including structural instability and environmental concerns,while discussing the future prospects and advancements needed to harness the full potential of hydrogenated 2D materials.This review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers aiming to explore the applications of hydrogenated Xenes in next-generation technologies.展开更多
The relentless down-scaling of electronics grands the modern integrated circuits(ICs)with the high speed,low power dissipation and low cost,fulfilling diverse demands of modern life.Whereas,with the semiconductor indu...The relentless down-scaling of electronics grands the modern integrated circuits(ICs)with the high speed,low power dissipation and low cost,fulfilling diverse demands of modern life.Whereas,with the semiconductor industry entering into sub-10 nm technology nodes,degrading device performance and increasing power consumption give rise to insurmountable roadblocks confronted by modern ICs that need to be conquered to sustain the Moore law's life.Bulk semiconductors like prevalent Si are plagued by seriously degraded carrier mobility as thickness thinning down to sub-5 nm,which is imperative to maintain sufficient gate electrostatic controllability to combat the increasingly degraded short channel effects.Nowadays,the emergence of two-dimensional(2D)materials opens up new gateway to eschew the hurdles laid in front of the scaling trend of modern IC,mainly ascribed to their ultimately atomic thickness,capability to maintain carrier mobility with thickness thinning down,dangling-bonds free surface,wide bandgaps tunability and feasibility to constitute diverse heterostructures.Blossoming breakthroughs in discrete electronic device,such as contact engineering,dielectric integration and vigorous channel-length scaling,or large circuits arrays,as boosted yields,improved variations and full-functioned processor fabrication,based on 2D materials have been achieved nowadays,facilitating 2D materials to step under the spotlight of IC industry to be treated as the most potential future successor or complementary counterpart of incumbent Si to further sustain the down-scaling of modern IC.展开更多
Two-dimensional energetic materials(2DEMs),characterized by their exceptional interlayer sliding properties,are recognized as exemplar of low-sensitivity energetic materials.However,the diversity of available 2DEMs is...Two-dimensional energetic materials(2DEMs),characterized by their exceptional interlayer sliding properties,are recognized as exemplar of low-sensitivity energetic materials.However,the diversity of available 2DEMs is severely constrained by the absence of efficient methods for rapidly predicting crystal packing modes from molecular structures,impeding the high-throughput rational design of such materials.In this study,we employed quantified indicators,such as hydrogen bond dimension and maximum planar separation,to quickly screen 172DEM and 16 non-2DEM crystal structures from a crystal database.They were subsequently compared and analyzed,focusing on hydrogen bond donor-acceptor combinations,skeleton features,and intermolecular interactions.Our findings suggest that theπ-πpacking interaction energy is a key determinant in the formation of layered packing modes by planar energetic molecules,with its magnitude primarily influenced by the strongest dimericπ-πinteraction(π-π2max).Consequently,we have delineated a critical threshold forπ-π2max to discern layered packing modes and formulated a theoretical model for predictingπ-π2max,grounded in molecular electrostatic potential and dipole moment analysis.The predictive efficacy of this model was substantiated through external validation on a test set comprising 31 planar energetic molecular crystals,achieving an accuracy of 84%and a recall of 75%.Furthermore,the proposed model shows superior classification predictive performance compared to typical machine learning methods,such as random forest,on the external validation samples.This contribution introduces a novel methodology for the identification of crystal packing modes in 2DEMs,potentially accelerating the design and synthesis of high-energy,low-sensitivity 2DEMs.展开更多
Understanding the dynamics of photoexcited carriers is essential for advancing photoelectronic device design.Photon absorption generates electron–hole pairs,and subsequent scatterings can induce ultrafast thermalizat...Understanding the dynamics of photoexcited carriers is essential for advancing photoelectronic device design.Photon absorption generates electron–hole pairs,and subsequent scatterings can induce ultrafast thermalization within a picosecond,forming a quasi-equilibrium distribution with overheated electrons.The high-energy tail of this distribution enables carriers to overcome energy barriers,thereby enhancing quantum efficiency—a phenomenon known as photothermionic emission(PTE).Despite its importance,the onset and mechanisms of PTE remain under debate.Using real-time timedependent density functional theory(rt-TDDFT),we investigate ultrafast carrier thermalization in two-dimensional(2D)materials graphene and PtTe2,and the results reveal distinct differences.In graphene,both electrons and holes thermalize into Fermi–Dirac distributions with good agreement to experiment,while PtTe2exhibits anomalous high-energy tails for both electrons and holes,deviating significantly from Fermi–Dirac behavior.We attribute this anomaly to differences in orbital coupling between the two materials,from which we derive design principles for identifying optimal PTE candidates and,ultimately,improving photodetector performance.展开更多
Amorphous two-dimensional transition metal oxide/(oxy)hydroxide(2D TMO/TMHO)nanomaterials(NMs)have the properties of both 2D and amorphous materials,displaying outstanding physicochemical qualities.Therefore,they demo...Amorphous two-dimensional transition metal oxide/(oxy)hydroxide(2D TMO/TMHO)nanomaterials(NMs)have the properties of both 2D and amorphous materials,displaying outstanding physicochemical qualities.Therefore,they demonstrate considerable promise for use in electrocatalytic water splitting applications.Here,the primary amorphization strategies for achieving the 2D TMO/TMHO NMs are comprehensively reviewed,including low-temperature reaction,rapid reaction,exchange/doping effect,ligand modulation,and interfacial energy confinement.By integrating these strategies with various physicochemical synthesis methods,it is feasible to control the amorphization of TMO/TMHO NMs while maintaining the distinctive benefits of their 2D structures.Furthermore,it delves into the structural advantages of amorphous 2D TMO/TMHO NMs in electrocatalytic water splitting,particularly emphasizing recent advancements in enhancing their electrocatalytic performance through interface engineering.The challenges and potential future directions for the precise synthesis and practical application of amorphous 2D TMO/TMHO NMs are also provided.This review aims to establish a theoretical foundation and offer experimental instructions for developing effective and enduring electrocatalysts for water splitting.展开更多
With the rapid development of rechargeable metal-ion batteries(MIBs)with safety,stability and high energy density,significant efforts have been devoted to exploring high-performance electrode materials.In recent years...With the rapid development of rechargeable metal-ion batteries(MIBs)with safety,stability and high energy density,significant efforts have been devoted to exploring high-performance electrode materials.In recent years,two-dimensional(2D)molybdenum-based(Mo-based)materials have drawn considerable attention due to their exceptional characteristics,including low cost,unique crystal structure,high theoretical capacity and controllable chemical compositions.However,like other transition metal compounds,Mo-based materials are facing thorny challenges to overcome,such as slow electron/ion transfer kinetics and substantial volume changes during the charge and discharge processes.In this review,we summarize the recent progress in developing emerging 2D Mo-based electrode materials for MIBs,encompassing oxides,sulfides,selenides,carbides.After introducing the crystal structure and common synthesis methods,this review sheds light on the charge storage mechanism of several 2D Mo-based materials by various advanced characterization techniques.The latest achievements in utilizing 2D Mo-based materials as electrode materials for various MIBs(including lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)and zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs))are discussed in detail.Afterwards,the modulation strategies for enhancing the electrochemical performance of 2D Mo-based materials are highlighted,focusing on heteroatom doping,vacancies creation,composite coupling engineering and nanostructure design.Finally,we present the existing challenges and future research directions for 2D Mo-based materials to realize high-performance energy storage systems.展开更多
In recent years,low-dimensional transition metal chalcogenide(TMC)materials have garnered growing research attention due to their superior electronic,optical,and catalytic properties compared to their bulk counterpart...In recent years,low-dimensional transition metal chalcogenide(TMC)materials have garnered growing research attention due to their superior electronic,optical,and catalytic properties compared to their bulk counterparts.The controllable synthesis and manipulation of these materials are crucial for tailoring their properties and unlocking their full potential in various applications.In this context,the atomic substitution method has emerged as a favorable approach.It involves the replacement of specific atoms within TMC structures with other elements and possesses the capability to regulate the compositions finely,crystal structures,and inherent properties of the resulting materials.In this review,we present a comprehensive overview on various strategies of atomic substitution employed in the synthesis of zero-dimensional,one-dimensional and two-dimensional TMC materials.The effects of substituting elements,substitution ratios,and substitution positions on the structures and morphologies of resulting material are discussed.The enhanced electrocatalytic performance and photovoltaic properties of the obtained materials are also provided,emphasizing the role of atomic substitution in achieving these advancements.Finally,challenges and future prospects in the field of atomic substitution for fabricating low-dimensional TMC materials are summarized.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)offer low costs and high power conversion efficiency.However,the lack of long-term stability,primarily stemming from the interfacial defects and the sus-ceptible metal electrodes,hinders th...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)offer low costs and high power conversion efficiency.However,the lack of long-term stability,primarily stemming from the interfacial defects and the sus-ceptible metal electrodes,hinders their practical application.In the past few years,two-dimensional(2D)materials(e.g.,graphene and its derivatives,transitional metal dichalcogenides,MXenes,and black phosphorus)have been identified as a promising solution to solving these problems because of their dangling bond-free surfaces,layer-dependent electronic band structures,tunable functional groups,and inherent compactness.Here,recent progress of 2D material toward efficient and stable PSCs is summarized,including its role as both interface materials and electrodes.We discuss their beneficial effects on perovskite growth,energy level alignment,defect passivation,as well as blocking external stimulus.In particular,the unique properties of 2D materials to form van der Waals heterojunction at the bottom interface are emphasized.Finally,perspectives on the further development of PSCs using 2D materials are provided,such as designing high-quality van der Waals heterojunction,enhancing the uniformity and coverage of 2D nanosheets,and developing new 2D materials-based electrodes.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are rapidly emerging as a unique class of mushrooming family of 2D materials offering distinctive features,such as hierarchical porosity,extensive surface area,easily a...Two-dimensional(2D)metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are rapidly emerging as a unique class of mushrooming family of 2D materials offering distinctive features,such as hierarchical porosity,extensive surface area,easily available active sites,and versatile,adaptable structures.These promising characteristics have positioned them as highly appealing alternatives for a wide range of applications in energy storage technologies,including lithium batteries.Nevertheless,the poor conductivity and limited stability of 2D MOFs have limited their real applications in electrochemical energy storage.These limitations have therefore warranted ongoing research to enhance the performance of 2D MOFs.Given the significance of 2D MOF-based materials as an emerging class of advanced materials,a multitude of strategy has been devised to address these challenges such as synthesizing 2D conductive MOFs and derivatives along with 2D MOF hybridization.One promising approach involves the use of 2D MOF derivatives,including transition metal oxides,which due to their abundant unsatu rated active metal sites and shorter diffusion paths,offer superior electrochemical performance.Additionally,by combining pristine 2D MOFs with other materials,hybrid 2D MOF materials can be created.These hybrids,with their enhanced stability and conductivity,can be directly utilized as active materials in lithium batteries.In the present review,we categorize 2D MOF-based materials into three distinct groups:pristine 2D MOFs,2D MOFderived materials,and 2D MOF hybrid materials.The synthesis methods for each group,along with their specific applications as electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries,are discussed in detail.This comprehensive review provides insights into the potential of 2D MOFs while highlighting the opportunities and challenges that are present in this evolving field.展开更多
Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional(2D)materials have been the focus of research since the discovery of graphene.The light–matter interaction length in 2D materials is,however,much shorter than that in bulk...Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional(2D)materials have been the focus of research since the discovery of graphene.The light–matter interaction length in 2D materials is,however,much shorter than that in bulk materials owing to the atomic nature of 2D materials.Plasmonic nanostructures are usually integrated with 2D materials to enhance the light–matter interactions,offering great opportunities for both fundamental research and technological applications.Nanoparticle-on-mirror(NPo M)structures with extremely confined optical fields are highly desired in this aspect.In addition,2D materials provide a good platform for the study of plasmonic fields with subnanometer resolution and quantum plasmonics down to the characteristic length scale of a single atom.A focused and up-to-date review article is highly desired for a timely summary of the progress in this rapidly growing field and to encourage more research efforts in this direction.In this review,we will first introduce the basic concepts of plasmonic modes in NPo M structures.Interactions between plasmons and quasi-particles in 2D materials,e.g.,excitons and phonons,from weak to strong coupling and potential applications will then be described in detail.Related phenomena in subnanometer metallic gaps separated by 2D materials,such as quantum tunneling,will also be touched.We will finally discuss phenomena and physical processes that have not been understood clearly and provide an outlook for future research.We believe that the hybrid systems of2D materials and NPo M structures will be a promising research field in the future.展开更多
Supercapacitors are gaining popularity due to their high cycling stability,power density,and fast charge and discharge rates.Researchers are ex-ploring electrode materials,electrolytes,and separat-ors for cost-effecti...Supercapacitors are gaining popularity due to their high cycling stability,power density,and fast charge and discharge rates.Researchers are ex-ploring electrode materials,electrolytes,and separat-ors for cost-effective energy storage systems.Ad-vances in materials science have led to the develop-ment of hybrid nanomaterials,such as combining fil-amentous carbon forms with inorganic nanoparticles,to create new charge and energy transfer processes.Notable materials for electrochemical energy-stor-age applications include MXenes,2D transition met-al carbides,and nitrides,carbon black,carbon aerogels,activated carbon,carbon nanotubes,conducting polymers,carbon fibers,and nanofibers,and graphene,because of their thermal,electrical,and mechanical properties.Carbon materials mixed with conducting polymers,ceramics,metal oxides,transition metal oxides,metal hydroxides,transition metal sulfides,trans-ition metal dichalcogenide,metal sulfides,carbides,nitrides,and biomass materials have received widespread attention due to their remarkable performance,eco-friendliness,cost-effectiveness,and renewability.This article explores the development of carbon-based hybrid materials for future supercapacitors,including electric double-layer capacitors,pseudocapacitors,and hy-brid supercapacitors.It investigates the difficulties that influence structural design,manufacturing(electrospinning,hydro-thermal/solvothermal,template-assisted synthesis,electrodeposition,electrospray,3D printing)techniques and the latest car-bon-based hybrid materials research offer practical solutions for producing high-performance,next-generation supercapacitors.展开更多
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272004,62272041)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(YWF-22-L-1256)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3402600)the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(No.1870011182126)。
文摘The proliferation of wearable biodevices has boosted the development of soft,innovative,and multifunctional materials for human health monitoring.The integration of wearable sensors with intelligent systems is an overwhelming tendency,providing powerful tools for remote health monitoring and personal health management.Among many candidates,two-dimensional(2D)materials stand out due to several exotic mechanical,electrical,optical,and chemical properties that can be efficiently integrated into atomic-thin films.While previous reviews on 2D materials for biodevices primarily focus on conventional configurations and materials like graphene,the rapid development of new 2D materials with exotic properties has opened up novel applications,particularly in smart interaction and integrated functionalities.This review aims to consolidate recent progress,highlight the unique advantages of 2D materials,and guide future research by discussing existing challenges and opportunities in applying 2D materials for smart wearable biodevices.We begin with an in-depth analysis of the advantages,sensing mechanisms,and potential applications of 2D materials in wearable biodevice fabrication.Following this,we systematically discuss state-of-the-art biodevices based on 2D materials for monitoring various physiological signals within the human body.Special attention is given to showcasing the integration of multi-functionality in 2D smart devices,mainly including self-power supply,integrated diagnosis/treatment,and human–machine interaction.Finally,the review concludes with a concise summary of existing challenges and prospective solutions concerning the utilization of2D materials for advanced biodevices.
基金supported bythe Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No.24CL2901702)The numerical calculations were performed at the Supercomputer Center (Project No.2024-Cb-0042)Institute for Solid State Physics,the University of Tokyo。
文摘Heat dissipation and thermal switches are vital for adaptive cooling and extending the lifespan of electronic devices and batteries. In this work, we conducted high-throughput investigations on the thermal transport of 24 experimentally realized two-dimensional(2D) materials and their potential as thermal switches, leveraging machine-learning-assisted strain engineering and phonon transport simulations. We identified several highperformance thermal switches with ratios exceeding 2, with germanene(Ge) achieving an ultrahigh ratio of up to9.64 within the reversible deformation range. The underlying mechanism is strain-induced bond softening, which sensitively affects anharmonicity represented by three-and four-phonon scattering. The widespread occurrence of four-phonon scattering was confirmed in the thermal transport of 2D materials. Opposite switching trends were discovered, with 2D transition metal dichalcogenide materials showing negative responses to tensile strain while buckled 2D elemental materials showed positive responses. We further proposed a screening descriptor based on strain-induced changes in the Gr¨uneisen parameter for efficiently identifying new high-performance thermal switch materials. This work establishes a paradigm for thermal energy control in 2D materials through strain engineering, which may be experimentally realized in the future via bending, substrate mismatch, and related approaches, thereby laying a robust foundation for further developments and applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62205091)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.2022M710983)+1 种基金HeiLongJiang Postdoctoral Foundation(No.LBHZ22201)the Fundamental Research Foundation for Universities of Heilongjiang Province(No.2022-KYYWF-0121).
文摘The immense prospects of two-dimensional(2D)materials in the field of high-performance sensing stem from their unique layered structures and superior properties.Constructing heterostructures and refining sensor architectures are at the forefront of innovative research to enhance sensor performance.This review synthesizes the current literature,discussing the photovoltaic attributes,fabrication methods,analytical techniques and integration strategies pertinent to 2D materials.This comprehensive review of the operating principles of various sensors investigates the recent progress and deployment of these materials within diverse sensing devices,including chemical sensors,biosensors and optical sensors.Conclusively,this review serves as a valuable reference for understanding the applications and progress of 2D materials in high-performance sensors and explores their potential in interdisciplinary research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272290,21972030,52073119,and 52373210)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.20230101029JC)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(No.202303021212159)the Monash University Malaysia–ASEAN grant(No.ASE-000010)。
文摘Environmental catalysis has been considered one of the important research topics.Some technologies(e.g.,photocatalysis and electrocatalysis)have been intensively developed with the advance of synthetic technologies of catalytical materials.In 2019,we discussed the development trend of this field,and wrote a roadmap on this topic in Chinese Chemical Letters(30(2019)2065-2088).Nowadays,we discuss it again from a new viewpoint along this road.In this paper,several subtopics are discussed,e.g.,photocatalysis based on titanium dioxide,violet phosphorus,graphitic carbon and covalent organic frameworks,electrocatalysts based on carbon,metal-and covalent-organic framework.Finally,we hope that this roadmap can enrich the development of two-dimensional materials in environmental catalysis with novel understanding,and give useful inspiration to explore new catalysts for practical applications.
基金supported by Hubei Province Technology Innovation Program Project(2024BCB073)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402249)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M690930).
文摘Carbon-based low-dimensional materials(CLDM)with elemental carbon as the main component have unique physical and chemical properties,and become the focus of research in many fields including energy,environmental protection,and information technology.Notably,cellulose acetate,the main component of cigarette butts(CBs),is a one-dimensional precursor with a large specific surface area and aspect ratio.Still,their usefulness as building fillers has often been underestimated before.This review summarizes recent advances in CBs recycling and provides suggested guidelines for its use as a CLDM material in renewable energy.Specifically,we first describe the harmful effects of CBs as pollutants in our lives to emphasize the importance of proper recycling.We then summarize previous methods of recycling CBs waste,including clay bricks,asphalt concrete pavement,gypsum,acoustic materials,chemisorption,vector control,and corrosion control.The potential applications of CBs include triboelectric nanogenerator applications,flexible batteries,enhanced metal-organic framework material energy storage devices,and carbon-based hydrogen storage.Finally,the advantages of utilizing CBs-derived CLDM materials over conventional solutions in the energy field are discussed.This review will provide new avenues for solving the intractable problem of CBs and reducing the manufacturing costs of renewable materials.
基金financially supportsed by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173150)Guangzhou Science and Technology Program City-University Joint Funding Project(No.2023A03J0001)Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M723670).
文摘Bacterial infections have always been a major threat to human health.Skin wounds are frequently exposed to the external environment,and they may become contaminated by bacteria derived from the surrounding skin,the local environment,and the patient’s own endogenous sources.Contaminated wounds may enter a state of chronic inflammation that impedes healing.Urgent development of antibacterial wound dressings capable of effectively combating bacteria and overcoming resistance is necessary.Nanotechnology and nanomaterials present promising potential as innovative strategies for antimicrobial wound dressings,owing to their robust antibacterial characteristics and the inherent advantage of avoiding antibiotic resistance.Therefore,this review provides a concise overview of the antimicrobial mechanisms exhibited by low-dimensional nanomaterials.It further categorizes common low-dimensional antimicrobial nanomaterials into zero-dimensional(0D),one-dimensional(1D)and two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials based on their structural characteristics,and gives a detailed compendium of the latest research advances and applications of different low-dimensional antimicrobial nanomaterials in wound healing,which could be helpful for the development of more effective wound dressings.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFA0307800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12074377)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 211211KYSB20210007)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2024M753465)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program (Grade C) of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. GZC20241893)。
文摘Moiré superlattices have revolutionized the study of two-dimensional materials, enabling unprecedented control over their electronic, magnetic, optical, and mechanical properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in moiré physics, focusing on the formation of moiré superlattices due to rotational misalignment or lattice mismatch in two-dimensional materials. These superlattices induce flat band structures and strong correlation effects,leading to the emergence of exotic quantum phases, such as unconventional superconductivity, correlated insulating states,and fractional quantum anomalous Hall effects. The review also explores the underlying mechanisms of these phenomena and discusses the potential technological applications of moiré physics, offering insights into future research directions in this rapidly evolving field.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant nos.2024YFA1409700 and 2023YFA1407000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.62374158).
文摘In recent years,as the dimensions of the conventional semiconductor technology is approaching the physical limits,while the multifunction circuits are restricted by the relatively fixed characteristics of the traditional metal−oxide−semiconductor field-effect transistors,reconfigurable devices that can realize reconfigurable characteristics and multiple functions at device level have been seen as a promising method to improve integration density and reduce power consumption.Owing to the ultrathin structure,effective control of the electronic characteristics and ability to modulate structural defects,two-dimensional(2D)materials have been widely used to fabricate reconfigurable devices.In this review,we summarize the working principles and related logic applications of reconfigurable devices based on 2D materials,including generating tunable anti-ambipolar responses and demonstrating nonvolatile operations.Furthermore,we discuss the analog signal processing applications of anti-ambipolar transistors and the artificial intelligence hardware implementations based on reconfigurable transistors and memristors,respectively,therefore highlighting the outstanding advantages of reconfigurable devices in footprint,energy consumption and performance.Finally,we discuss the challenges of the 2D materials-based reconfigurable devices.
文摘The design and development of solar dryers are crucial in regions with abundant solar energy,such as Bhopal,India,where seasonal variations significantly impact the efficiency of drying processes.The paper is focused on employing a comprehensive mathematical model to predict the dryer’s performance in drying the materials such as banana slices.To enhance this model,Hyper Tuned Swarm Optimization with Gradient Tree(HT_SOGT)was utilized to accurately predict and determine the optimal size of the dryer dimensions considering various mathematical calculations for material drying.The predictive model considered the influence of seasonal fluctuations,ensuring an efficient drying process with an objective function to optimize the drying time of an average of 7 hrs throughout the year.Across all recorded ambient temperatures(ranging from 16.985○C to 31.4○C),the outlet temperature of the solar dryer is consistently higher,ranging from 39.085○C to 66.2○C.The results show that the optimized dryer design,based on HT_SOGT modelling,significantly improves drying efficiency of the materials across varying conditions,making it suitable for sustainable applications in agriculture and food processing industries in the Bhopal region.
基金partially supported by the financial supports from Aaivalayam-DIRAC,Indiathe Science and Technology Development Fund(Nos.007/2017/A1 and 132/2017/A3),Macao Special Administration Region(SAR),China+2 种基金National Natural Science Fund(Nos.61875138,61435010,and 6181101252)Science and Technology Innovation Commission of the Shenzhen(Nos.KQTD2015032416270,JCYJ20150625103619275,and JCYJ20170811093453105)research funding from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(Ural Federal University project within the Priority 2030 Program)。
文摘Hydrogenated two-dimensional(2D)materials have gained significant attention due to their tunable properties,which can be engineered through various functionalization techniques.This review discusses hydrogenated Xenes,a new class of fully hydrogenated mono-elemental 2D materials,including graphane,germanane,silicane,and stanane.Hydrogenation enhances the properties of Xenes,making them transparent,mechanically strong,electrically conductive,and rare.These materials off er a unique combination of characteristics that make them highly desirable for a variety of advanced applications in energy storage,organic electronics,and optoelectronics.Xenes such as silicane and germanane are semiconductors with tunable bandgaps,making them ideal for use in transistors,logic circuits,and sensors.Their electronic and optical properties can be finely adjusted,allowing them to be used in high-performance devices like LEDs,solar cells,and photodetectors.Furthermore,hydrogenated Xenes show potential in applications like batteries,supercapacitors,hydrogen storage,piezoelectricity,and biosensing,owing to their high surface area and versatility.This review also explores the impact of various hydrogenation techniques,including plasma treatment,wet chemical methods,and electrochemical hydrogenation,on the electronic,mechanical,thermal,optical,and magnetic properties of these materials.Advanced characterization techniques,such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XANES),have provided valuable insights into the electronic structure and bonding environments of these materials.Finally,the paper highlights the challenges and limitations of hydrogenation,including structural instability and environmental concerns,while discussing the future prospects and advancements needed to harness the full potential of hydrogenated 2D materials.This review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers aiming to explore the applications of hydrogenated Xenes in next-generation technologies.
基金supported by start-up capital of Ningbo Eastern Institute of technology。
文摘The relentless down-scaling of electronics grands the modern integrated circuits(ICs)with the high speed,low power dissipation and low cost,fulfilling diverse demands of modern life.Whereas,with the semiconductor industry entering into sub-10 nm technology nodes,degrading device performance and increasing power consumption give rise to insurmountable roadblocks confronted by modern ICs that need to be conquered to sustain the Moore law's life.Bulk semiconductors like prevalent Si are plagued by seriously degraded carrier mobility as thickness thinning down to sub-5 nm,which is imperative to maintain sufficient gate electrostatic controllability to combat the increasingly degraded short channel effects.Nowadays,the emergence of two-dimensional(2D)materials opens up new gateway to eschew the hurdles laid in front of the scaling trend of modern IC,mainly ascribed to their ultimately atomic thickness,capability to maintain carrier mobility with thickness thinning down,dangling-bonds free surface,wide bandgaps tunability and feasibility to constitute diverse heterostructures.Blossoming breakthroughs in discrete electronic device,such as contact engineering,dielectric integration and vigorous channel-length scaling,or large circuits arrays,as boosted yields,improved variations and full-functioned processor fabrication,based on 2D materials have been achieved nowadays,facilitating 2D materials to step under the spotlight of IC industry to be treated as the most potential future successor or complementary counterpart of incumbent Si to further sustain the down-scaling of modern IC.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22275145,22305189and 21875184)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2022JC-10 and 2024JC-YBQN-0112).
文摘Two-dimensional energetic materials(2DEMs),characterized by their exceptional interlayer sliding properties,are recognized as exemplar of low-sensitivity energetic materials.However,the diversity of available 2DEMs is severely constrained by the absence of efficient methods for rapidly predicting crystal packing modes from molecular structures,impeding the high-throughput rational design of such materials.In this study,we employed quantified indicators,such as hydrogen bond dimension and maximum planar separation,to quickly screen 172DEM and 16 non-2DEM crystal structures from a crystal database.They were subsequently compared and analyzed,focusing on hydrogen bond donor-acceptor combinations,skeleton features,and intermolecular interactions.Our findings suggest that theπ-πpacking interaction energy is a key determinant in the formation of layered packing modes by planar energetic molecules,with its magnitude primarily influenced by the strongest dimericπ-πinteraction(π-π2max).Consequently,we have delineated a critical threshold forπ-π2max to discern layered packing modes and formulated a theoretical model for predictingπ-π2max,grounded in molecular electrostatic potential and dipole moment analysis.The predictive efficacy of this model was substantiated through external validation on a test set comprising 31 planar energetic molecular crystals,achieving an accuracy of 84%and a recall of 75%.Furthermore,the proposed model shows superior classification predictive performance compared to typical machine learning methods,such as random forest,on the external validation samples.This contribution introduces a novel methodology for the identification of crystal packing modes in 2DEMs,potentially accelerating the design and synthesis of high-energy,low-sensitivity 2DEMs.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing of China(Grant No.CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0087)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62074021 and 12174380)。
文摘Understanding the dynamics of photoexcited carriers is essential for advancing photoelectronic device design.Photon absorption generates electron–hole pairs,and subsequent scatterings can induce ultrafast thermalization within a picosecond,forming a quasi-equilibrium distribution with overheated electrons.The high-energy tail of this distribution enables carriers to overcome energy barriers,thereby enhancing quantum efficiency—a phenomenon known as photothermionic emission(PTE).Despite its importance,the onset and mechanisms of PTE remain under debate.Using real-time timedependent density functional theory(rt-TDDFT),we investigate ultrafast carrier thermalization in two-dimensional(2D)materials graphene and PtTe2,and the results reveal distinct differences.In graphene,both electrons and holes thermalize into Fermi–Dirac distributions with good agreement to experiment,while PtTe2exhibits anomalous high-energy tails for both electrons and holes,deviating significantly from Fermi–Dirac behavior.We attribute this anomaly to differences in orbital coupling between the two materials,from which we derive design principles for identifying optimal PTE candidates and,ultimately,improving photodetector performance.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0703700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12034002)the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.FRF-IDRY-23-033)。
文摘Amorphous two-dimensional transition metal oxide/(oxy)hydroxide(2D TMO/TMHO)nanomaterials(NMs)have the properties of both 2D and amorphous materials,displaying outstanding physicochemical qualities.Therefore,they demonstrate considerable promise for use in electrocatalytic water splitting applications.Here,the primary amorphization strategies for achieving the 2D TMO/TMHO NMs are comprehensively reviewed,including low-temperature reaction,rapid reaction,exchange/doping effect,ligand modulation,and interfacial energy confinement.By integrating these strategies with various physicochemical synthesis methods,it is feasible to control the amorphization of TMO/TMHO NMs while maintaining the distinctive benefits of their 2D structures.Furthermore,it delves into the structural advantages of amorphous 2D TMO/TMHO NMs in electrocatalytic water splitting,particularly emphasizing recent advancements in enhancing their electrocatalytic performance through interface engineering.The challenges and potential future directions for the precise synthesis and practical application of amorphous 2D TMO/TMHO NMs are also provided.This review aims to establish a theoretical foundation and offer experimental instructions for developing effective and enduring electrocatalysts for water splitting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21676036)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0580)the Graduate Research and Innovation Foundation of Chongqing(No.CYB22043 and CYS22073)。
文摘With the rapid development of rechargeable metal-ion batteries(MIBs)with safety,stability and high energy density,significant efforts have been devoted to exploring high-performance electrode materials.In recent years,two-dimensional(2D)molybdenum-based(Mo-based)materials have drawn considerable attention due to their exceptional characteristics,including low cost,unique crystal structure,high theoretical capacity and controllable chemical compositions.However,like other transition metal compounds,Mo-based materials are facing thorny challenges to overcome,such as slow electron/ion transfer kinetics and substantial volume changes during the charge and discharge processes.In this review,we summarize the recent progress in developing emerging 2D Mo-based electrode materials for MIBs,encompassing oxides,sulfides,selenides,carbides.After introducing the crystal structure and common synthesis methods,this review sheds light on the charge storage mechanism of several 2D Mo-based materials by various advanced characterization techniques.The latest achievements in utilizing 2D Mo-based materials as electrode materials for various MIBs(including lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)and zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs))are discussed in detail.Afterwards,the modulation strategies for enhancing the electrochemical performance of 2D Mo-based materials are highlighted,focusing on heteroatom doping,vacancies creation,composite coupling engineering and nanostructure design.Finally,we present the existing challenges and future research directions for 2D Mo-based materials to realize high-performance energy storage systems.
基金supported by the Teli Fellowship from Beijing Institute of Technology,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52303366,22173109).
文摘In recent years,low-dimensional transition metal chalcogenide(TMC)materials have garnered growing research attention due to their superior electronic,optical,and catalytic properties compared to their bulk counterparts.The controllable synthesis and manipulation of these materials are crucial for tailoring their properties and unlocking their full potential in various applications.In this context,the atomic substitution method has emerged as a favorable approach.It involves the replacement of specific atoms within TMC structures with other elements and possesses the capability to regulate the compositions finely,crystal structures,and inherent properties of the resulting materials.In this review,we present a comprehensive overview on various strategies of atomic substitution employed in the synthesis of zero-dimensional,one-dimensional and two-dimensional TMC materials.The effects of substituting elements,substitution ratios,and substitution positions on the structures and morphologies of resulting material are discussed.The enhanced electrocatalytic performance and photovoltaic properties of the obtained materials are also provided,emphasizing the role of atomic substitution in achieving these advancements.Finally,challenges and future prospects in the field of atomic substitution for fabricating low-dimensional TMC materials are summarized.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20171,12074245,and 52102281)National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2021YFB3800068 and 2020YFB1506400)+1 种基金Shanghai Sailing Program(No.21YF1421600)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(No.2021QNRC001).
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)offer low costs and high power conversion efficiency.However,the lack of long-term stability,primarily stemming from the interfacial defects and the sus-ceptible metal electrodes,hinders their practical application.In the past few years,two-dimensional(2D)materials(e.g.,graphene and its derivatives,transitional metal dichalcogenides,MXenes,and black phosphorus)have been identified as a promising solution to solving these problems because of their dangling bond-free surfaces,layer-dependent electronic band structures,tunable functional groups,and inherent compactness.Here,recent progress of 2D material toward efficient and stable PSCs is summarized,including its role as both interface materials and electrodes.We discuss their beneficial effects on perovskite growth,energy level alignment,defect passivation,as well as blocking external stimulus.In particular,the unique properties of 2D materials to form van der Waals heterojunction at the bottom interface are emphasized.Finally,perspectives on the further development of PSCs using 2D materials are provided,such as designing high-quality van der Waals heterojunction,enhancing the uniformity and coverage of 2D nanosheets,and developing new 2D materials-based electrodes.
基金based upon research funded by the Iran National Science Foundation. (INSF)under project No.4022382 and 4025075。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are rapidly emerging as a unique class of mushrooming family of 2D materials offering distinctive features,such as hierarchical porosity,extensive surface area,easily available active sites,and versatile,adaptable structures.These promising characteristics have positioned them as highly appealing alternatives for a wide range of applications in energy storage technologies,including lithium batteries.Nevertheless,the poor conductivity and limited stability of 2D MOFs have limited their real applications in electrochemical energy storage.These limitations have therefore warranted ongoing research to enhance the performance of 2D MOFs.Given the significance of 2D MOF-based materials as an emerging class of advanced materials,a multitude of strategy has been devised to address these challenges such as synthesizing 2D conductive MOFs and derivatives along with 2D MOF hybridization.One promising approach involves the use of 2D MOF derivatives,including transition metal oxides,which due to their abundant unsatu rated active metal sites and shorter diffusion paths,offer superior electrochemical performance.Additionally,by combining pristine 2D MOFs with other materials,hybrid 2D MOF materials can be created.These hybrids,with their enhanced stability and conductivity,can be directly utilized as active materials in lithium batteries.In the present review,we categorize 2D MOF-based materials into three distinct groups:pristine 2D MOFs,2D MOFderived materials,and 2D MOF hybrid materials.The synthesis methods for each group,along with their specific applications as electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries,are discussed in detail.This comprehensive review provides insights into the potential of 2D MOFs while highlighting the opportunities and challenges that are present in this evolving field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62205183)the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(ANR/RGC,Ref.No.A-CUHK404/21).
文摘Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional(2D)materials have been the focus of research since the discovery of graphene.The light–matter interaction length in 2D materials is,however,much shorter than that in bulk materials owing to the atomic nature of 2D materials.Plasmonic nanostructures are usually integrated with 2D materials to enhance the light–matter interactions,offering great opportunities for both fundamental research and technological applications.Nanoparticle-on-mirror(NPo M)structures with extremely confined optical fields are highly desired in this aspect.In addition,2D materials provide a good platform for the study of plasmonic fields with subnanometer resolution and quantum plasmonics down to the characteristic length scale of a single atom.A focused and up-to-date review article is highly desired for a timely summary of the progress in this rapidly growing field and to encourage more research efforts in this direction.In this review,we will first introduce the basic concepts of plasmonic modes in NPo M structures.Interactions between plasmons and quasi-particles in 2D materials,e.g.,excitons and phonons,from weak to strong coupling and potential applications will then be described in detail.Related phenomena in subnanometer metallic gaps separated by 2D materials,such as quantum tunneling,will also be touched.We will finally discuss phenomena and physical processes that have not been understood clearly and provide an outlook for future research.We believe that the hybrid systems of2D materials and NPo M structures will be a promising research field in the future.
文摘Supercapacitors are gaining popularity due to their high cycling stability,power density,and fast charge and discharge rates.Researchers are ex-ploring electrode materials,electrolytes,and separat-ors for cost-effective energy storage systems.Ad-vances in materials science have led to the develop-ment of hybrid nanomaterials,such as combining fil-amentous carbon forms with inorganic nanoparticles,to create new charge and energy transfer processes.Notable materials for electrochemical energy-stor-age applications include MXenes,2D transition met-al carbides,and nitrides,carbon black,carbon aerogels,activated carbon,carbon nanotubes,conducting polymers,carbon fibers,and nanofibers,and graphene,because of their thermal,electrical,and mechanical properties.Carbon materials mixed with conducting polymers,ceramics,metal oxides,transition metal oxides,metal hydroxides,transition metal sulfides,trans-ition metal dichalcogenide,metal sulfides,carbides,nitrides,and biomass materials have received widespread attention due to their remarkable performance,eco-friendliness,cost-effectiveness,and renewability.This article explores the development of carbon-based hybrid materials for future supercapacitors,including electric double-layer capacitors,pseudocapacitors,and hy-brid supercapacitors.It investigates the difficulties that influence structural design,manufacturing(electrospinning,hydro-thermal/solvothermal,template-assisted synthesis,electrodeposition,electrospray,3D printing)techniques and the latest car-bon-based hybrid materials research offer practical solutions for producing high-performance,next-generation supercapacitors.
