In the context of global digital transformation and the rising prominence of maker education,this study explores the innovative integration of digital modeling technologies with traditional Nixing Pottery craftsmanshi...In the context of global digital transformation and the rising prominence of maker education,this study explores the innovative integration of digital modeling technologies with traditional Nixing Pottery craftsmanship.By constructing a teaching framework under maker education theory,the research investigates how 3D modeling,CAD design,and 3D printing technologies can empower learners to address challenges in cultural heritage preservation and artistic innovation.Through experimental teaching and case analysis,the study verifies that this integrated approach significantly enhances learners’digital literacy,creative thinking,and cultural identity while optimizing Nixing Pottery’s production processes and design possibilities.The findings contribute to theoretical models of technology-enhanced craft education and provide practical pathways for the digital transformation of intangible cultural heritage.展开更多
Geared-rotor systems are critical components in mechanical applications,and their performance can be severely affected by faults,such as profile errors,wear,pitting,spalling,flaking,and cracks.Profile errors in gear t...Geared-rotor systems are critical components in mechanical applications,and their performance can be severely affected by faults,such as profile errors,wear,pitting,spalling,flaking,and cracks.Profile errors in gear teeth are inevitable in manufacturing and subsequently accumulate during operations.This work aims to predict the status of gear profile deviations based on gear dynamics response using the digital model of an experimental rig setup.The digital model comprises detailed CAD models and has been validated against the expected physical behavior using commercial finite element analysis software.The different profile deviations are then modeled using gear charts,and the dynamic response is captured through simulations.The various features are then obtained by signal processing,and various ML models are then evaluated to predict the fault/no-fault condition for the gear.The best performance is achieved by an artificial neural network with a prediction accuracy of 97.5%,which concludes a strong influence on the dynamics of the gear rotor system due to profile deviations.展开更多
<b>Introduction:</b> Digital models showed promising results for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Digital models can be obtained from alginate impressions as well as direct intra-oral scanners...<b>Introduction:</b> Digital models showed promising results for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Digital models can be obtained from alginate impressions as well as direct intra-oral scanners. Studies assessing the accuracy of digital models have shown digital models to be valid, clinically acceptable, and more quickly obtainable. With the advent of new scanners with better scanning technology researches are necessary to evaluate their accuracy and reliability. <b>Aim of Study:</b> To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 3D digital models obtained through intraoral and extraoral scanning modalities to the reference gold standard plaster model. <b>Material & Methods:</b> Twenty-four adult male and female subjects were randomly selected for this study. The intraoral scanners evaluated in this study were Sirona (CEREC Omnicam) and 3 shape (TRIOS 3), while the laboratory scanners used were Sirona (inEos X5), and 3 shape (D850). Intra-oral scanning of the subjects and extra-oral scanning of their alginate impressions, plaster models of the alginate impression, rubber base impression, and plaster model of their rubber base impression were done. Linear dental measurements included intermolar width, interpremolar width, intercanine width, mesiodistal width of the 1<sup>st</sup> permanent molar, 1<sup>st</sup> premolar, canine and central incisor and arch width. All data were collected, tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. <b>Results:</b> Small differences between the plaster and digital models were observed. Intra-observer reliability analysis for 14 out of the 16 measurements showed that all variables exhibited good to excellent reliability. <b>Conclusions: </b>There was no difference between the digitization using the intraoral scanner or the laboratory scanner. The most accurate digitization technique was the 3 Shape laboratory scanner of the cast of the alginate impression. The inEos X5 showed the highest error of digitization of the alginate and rubber base impressions.展开更多
Hydraulic impact perforator is powerful tools for trenchless project. It has advantages in cabinet structure, low cost, long life and easy protected. Compared with pneumatic DTH, the hydraulic impact spear worked unde...Hydraulic impact perforator is powerful tools for trenchless project. It has advantages in cabinet structure, low cost, long life and easy protected. Compared with pneumatic DTH, the hydraulic impact spear worked under high pressure and using uncompressible fluid thusgreater impact energy and higher efficiency can be supported. The authors founded the dynamic simulation model of HDI-146 hydraulic impact spear. The project for solving the differential equation was suggested also. By means of virtual machine technology, the dynamic mechanism of HDI-146 can be explored and tutoring us to optimize the structural parameters can be made.展开更多
The digital economy has injected continuous momentum into the development of urban economy and plays a positive and important role in the transformation and upgrading of urban energy consumption.Specifically,the digit...The digital economy has injected continuous momentum into the development of urban economy and plays a positive and important role in the transformation and upgrading of urban energy consumption.Specifically,the digital economy can significantly improve the efficiency of urban energy consumption by virtue of its distinctive characteristics of low pollution and high efficiency.Moreover,empowered by the digital economy,the pace of transformation and upgrading of high-pollution traditional industries has been accelerated.Particularly importantly,the urban energy consumption structure has been optimized and adjusted through the indirect role of intermediate factors.From this perspective,studying the current situation and countermeasures of urban energy consumption under the digital economy holds important practical significance both in theory and practice.This paper first briefly summarizes the relevant literature on the impact of the digital economy on the energy consumption structure;then,it focuses on detailed data to explore the current situation of urban energy consumption under the digital economy model;finally,based on the summary of the current situation,it puts forward practical and feasible suggestions,hoping to provide a decision-making basis for the implementation of policies in different types of cities and offer innovative ideas for promoting the high-quality development of urban energy systems.展开更多
To address the shortage of characterization scale of field outcrops,we used the characteristics of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)oblique photography with a wide field of view and a high degree of quantification for imag...To address the shortage of characterization scale of field outcrops,we used the characteristics of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)oblique photography with a wide field of view and a high degree of quantification for image acquisition,data processing,and geological interpretation of the outcrops of the Shaximiao Formation in the Sichuan Basin.We established a 3D digital outcrop model(DOM),which combines the advantages of visualization and digitization the 3D DOM to interpret the characteristics of typical channel sand bodies.Within the study area,we have identified three types of channel deposition:composite channel deposition,crevasse channel deposition,and abandoned channel deposition.Among these,the composite channel deposition was mainly sandstone,the bottom contains conglomerate,with large cross-bedding,and the maximum thickness of the single sand body was 1.96 m.The crevasse channel deposition was mainly fine sandstone and siltstone,with massive bedding and small cross-bedding,and the maximum thickness of the single sand body was 0.64 m.The abandoned channel deposition dominated by mudstone with thin sandstone,the sandstone was mainly lenticular in section,and the maximum thickness of the single sand body was 0.28 m.We identified the depositional model of the studied region,which is dominated by braided river deposition,based on the growth size and correspondence of the sand bodies.The research provides a comparative foundation for the detailed characterisation of the underground reservoir sands found in the Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in the Sichuan Basin.It also serves as a reference for the effective study of UAV oblique photography technology in the field.展开更多
Boundary extraction of watershed is an important step in forest landscape research. The boundary of the upriver wa-tershed of the Hunhe River in the sub-alpine Qingyuan County of eastern Liaoning Province, China was e...Boundary extraction of watershed is an important step in forest landscape research. The boundary of the upriver wa-tershed of the Hunhe River in the sub-alpine Qingyuan County of eastern Liaoning Province, China was extracted by digital elevation modeling (DEM) data in ArcInfo8.1. Remote sensing image of the corresponding region was applied to help modify its copy according to Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) image抯 profuse geomorphological structure information. Both the DEM-dependent boundary and modified copy were overlapped with county map and drainage network map to visually check the effects of result. Overlap of county map suggested a nice extraction of the boundary line since the two layers matched precisely, which indicated the DEM-dependent boundary by program was effective and precise. Further upload of drainage network showed discrepancies between the boundary and the drainage network. Altogether, there were three sections of the extraction result that needed to correct. Compared with this extraction boundary, the modified boundary had a better match to the drainage network as well as to the county map. Comprehensive analysis demonstrated that the program extraction has generally fine precision in position and excels the digitized result by hand. The errors of the DEM-dependant extraction are due to the fact that it is difficult for program to recognize sections of complex landform especially altered by human activities, but these errors are discernable and adjustable because the spatial resolution of ETM image is less than that of DEM. This study result proved that application of remote sensing information could help obtain better result when DEM method is used in extraction of watershed boundary.展开更多
In China′s Loess Plateau area, gully head is the most active zone of a drainage system in gully areas. The differentiation of loess gully head follows geospatial patterns and reflects the process of the loess landfor...In China′s Loess Plateau area, gully head is the most active zone of a drainage system in gully areas. The differentiation of loess gully head follows geospatial patterns and reflects the process of the loess landform development and evolution of its drainage system to some extent. In this study, the geomorphic meaning, basic characteristics, morphological structure and the basic types of loess gully heads were systematically analysed. Then, the loess gully head′s conceptual model was established, and an extraction method based on Digital Elevation Model(DEM) for loess gully head features and elements was proposed. Through analysing the achieved statistics of loess gully head features, loess gully heads have apparently similar and different characteristics depending on the different loess landforms where they are found. The loess head characteristics reflect their growth period and evolution tendency to a certain degree, and they indirectly represent evolutionary mechanisms. In addition, the loess gully developmental stages and the evolutionary processes can be deduced by using loess gully head characteristics. This study is of great significance for development and improvement of the theoretical system for describing loess gully landforms.展开更多
Topographic shielding of cosmic radiation flux is a key parameter in using cosmogenic nuclides to determine surface exposure ages or erosion rates. Traditionally, this parameter is measured in the field and uncertaint...Topographic shielding of cosmic radiation flux is a key parameter in using cosmogenic nuclides to determine surface exposure ages or erosion rates. Traditionally, this parameter is measured in the field and uncertainty and/or inconsistency may exist among different investigators. This paper provides an ArcGIS python code to determine topographic shielding factors using digital elevation models （DEMs）. This code can be imported into ArcGIS as a geoprocessing tool with a user-friendly graphical interface. The DEM-derived parameters using this method were validated with field measurements in central Tian Shan. Results indicate that DEM-derived shielding factors are consistent with field-measured values. It provides a valuable tool to save fieldwork efforts and has the potential to provide consistent results for different regions in the world to facilitate the comparison of cosmogenie nuclide results.展开更多
Offshore platforms are large,complex structures designed for long-term service,and they are characterized by high risk and significant investment.Ensuring the safety and reliability of in-service offshore platforms re...Offshore platforms are large,complex structures designed for long-term service,and they are characterized by high risk and significant investment.Ensuring the safety and reliability of in-service offshore platforms requires intelligent operation and maintenance strategies.Digital twin technology can enable the accurate description and prediction of changes in the platform’s physical state through real-time monitoring data.This technology is expected to revolutionize the maintenance of existing offshore platform structures.A digital twin system is proposed for real-time assessment of structural health,prediction of residual life,formulation of maintenance plans,and extension of service life through predictive maintenance.The system integrates physical entities,digital models,intelligent predictive maintenance tools,a visualization platform,and interconnected modules to provide a comprehensive and efficient maintenance framework.This paper examines the current development status of core technologies in physical entity monitoring,digital model construction,and intelligent predictive maintenance.It also outlines future directions for the advancement of these technologies within the digital twin system,offering technical insights and practical references to support further research and applications of digital twin technology in offshore platform structures.展开更多
The digital twin-driven performance model provides an attractive option for the warn gas-path faults of the gas turbines.However,three technical difficulties need to be solved:(1)low modeling precision caused by indiv...The digital twin-driven performance model provides an attractive option for the warn gas-path faults of the gas turbines.However,three technical difficulties need to be solved:(1)low modeling precision caused by individual differences between gas turbines,(2)poor solution efficiency due to excessive iterations,and(3)the false alarm and missing alarm brought by the traditional fixed threshold method.This paper proposes a digital twin model-based early warning method for gas-path faults that breaks through the above obstacles from three aspects.Firstly,a novel performance modeling strategy is proposed to make the simulation effect close to the actual gas turbine by fusing the mechanism model and measurement data.Secondly,the idea of controlling the relative accuracy of model parameters is developed.The introduction of an error module to the existing model can greatly shorten the modeling cycle.The third solution focuses on the early warning based on the digital twin model,which self-learns the alarm threshold of the warning feature of gas-path parameters using the kernel density estimation.The proposed method is utilized to analyze actual measured data of LM2500+,and the results verify that the new-built digital model has higher accuracy and better efficiency.The comparisons show that the proposed method shows evident superiority in early warning of performance faults for gas turbines over other methods.展开更多
The problem of taking an unorganized point cloud in 3D space and fitting a polyhedral surface to those points is both important and difficult. Aiming at increasing applications of full three dimensional digital terrai...The problem of taking an unorganized point cloud in 3D space and fitting a polyhedral surface to those points is both important and difficult. Aiming at increasing applications of full three dimensional digital terrain surface modeling, a new algorithm for the automatic generation of three dimensional triangulated irregular network from a point cloud is pro- posed. Based on the local topological consistency test, a combined algorithm of constrained 3D Delaunay triangulation and region-growing is extended to ensure topologically correct reconstruction. This paper also introduced an efficient neighbor- ing triangle location method by making full use of the surface normal information. Experimental results prove that this algo- rithm can efficiently obtain the most reasonable reconstructed mesh surface with arbitrary topology, wherein the automati- cally reconstructed surface has only small topological difference from the true surface. This algorithm has potential applica- tions to virtual environments, computer vision, and so on.展开更多
Displacement monitoring in open-pit mines is one of the important tasks for safe management of mining processes.Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar(DInSAR),mounted on an artificial satellite,has the ...Displacement monitoring in open-pit mines is one of the important tasks for safe management of mining processes.Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar(DInSAR),mounted on an artificial satellite,has the potential to be a cost-effective method for monitoring surface displacements over extensive areas,such as open-pit mines.DInSAR requires the ground surface elevation data in the process of its analysis as a digital elevation model(DEM).However,since the topography of the ground surface in open-pit mines changes largely due to excavations,measurement errors can occur due to insufficient information on the elevation of mining areas.In this paper,effect of different elevation models on the accuracy of the displacement monitoring results by DInSAR is investigated at a limestone quarry.In addition,validity of the DInSAR results using an appropriate DEM is examined by comparing them with the results obtained by global positioning system(GPS)monitoring conducted for three years at the same limestone quarry.It is found that the uncertainty of DEMs induces large errors in the displacement monitoring results if the baseline length of the satellites between the master and the slave data is longer than a few hundred meters.Comparing the monitoring results of DInSAR and GPS,the root mean square error(RMSE)of the discrepancy between the two sets of results is less than 10 mm if an appropriate DEM,considering the excavation processes,is used.It is proven that DInSAR can be applied for monitoring the displacements of mine slopes with centimeter-level accuracy.展开更多
Tropical mountainous areas not only provide substantial carbon storage and play an important role in global biological diversity, but also provide basic livelihood for a large number of poor ethnic minorities. However...Tropical mountainous areas not only provide substantial carbon storage and play an important role in global biological diversity, but also provide basic livelihood for a large number of poor ethnic minorities. However, there is no unified and explicit definition for mountainous areas. The local elevation range(LER) is a crucial structural parameter for delineating mountainous areas. However, current LER products are limited by the subjective selection of an optimum statistical window or coarser spatial resolution of topographical data. In this study, we presented an approach using thresholds for three topographic parameters, elevation, slope, and LER, derived from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model(ASTER GDEM) to redelineate the vast mountainous areas of mainland Southeast Asia(MSEA). The mean change-point analysis method was applied to determine the optimum statistical window of the 1 arc second(approximately 30 m)-resolution GDEM LER. The results showed that: First, the optimum statistical window is 38 × 38 cell units(width × height) in a rectangular neighborhood, or an area of about 1.30 km^2 for calculating GDEM LER in MSEA. Second, the LER of more than 80% of the area ranges from 30 m to 499 m in MSEA. The LERs in the northern and northwestern MSEA are greater than their counterparts in the south and east. Third, the area of the re-delineated mountainous areas was 83.52 × 10~4 km^2, about 38.71% of the total area. Spatially, the mountainous areas are mainly distributed in the north and northeast of MSEA. The re-delineated 30-m resolution map of the mountainous areas will serve as a topographical dataset for monitoring mountainrelated land surface changes in MSEA. The parameter-modified mountain extraction procedure can be expanded to delineate global mountainous areas.展开更多
A new algorithm to automatically extract drainage networks and catchments based on triangulation irregular networks(TINs) digital elevation model(DEM) was developed. The flow direction in this approach is determined b...A new algorithm to automatically extract drainage networks and catchments based on triangulation irregular networks(TINs) digital elevation model(DEM) was developed. The flow direction in this approach is determined by computing the spatial gradient of triangle and triangle edges. Outflow edge was defined by comparing the contribution area that is separated by the steepest descent of the triangle. Local channels were then tracked to build drainage networks. Both triangle edges and facets were considered to construct flow path. The algorithm has been tested in the site for Hawaiian Island of Kaho'olawe, and the results were compared with those calculated by ARCGIS as well as terrain map. The reported algorithm has been proved to be a reliable approach with high efficiency to generate well-connected and coherent drainage networks.展开更多
As a GIS tool,visibility analysis is used in many areas to evaluate both visible and non-visible places.Visibility analysis builds on a digital surface model describing the terrain morphology,including the position an...As a GIS tool,visibility analysis is used in many areas to evaluate both visible and non-visible places.Visibility analysis builds on a digital surface model describing the terrain morphology,including the position and shapes of all objects that can sometimes act as visibility barriers.However,some barriers,for example vegetation,may be permeable to a certain degree.Despite extensive research and use of visibility analysis in different areas,standard GIS tools do not take permeability into account.This article presents a new method to calculate visibility through partly permeable obstacles.The method is based on a quasi-Monte Carlo simulation with 100 iterations of visibility calculation.Each iteration result represents 1%of vegetation permeability,which can thus range from 1%to 100%visibility behind vegetation obstacles.The main advantage of the method is greater accuracy of visibility results and easy implementation on any GIS software.The incorporation of the proposed method in GIS software would facilitate work in many fields,such as architecture,archaeology,radio communication,and the military.展开更多
The human digital twin(HDT)emerges as a promising human-centric technology in Industry 5.0,but challenges remain in human modeling and simulation.Digital human modeling(DHM)provides solutions for modeling and simulati...The human digital twin(HDT)emerges as a promising human-centric technology in Industry 5.0,but challenges remain in human modeling and simulation.Digital human modeling(DHM)provides solutions for modeling and simulating human physical and cognitive aspects to support ergonomic analysis.However,it has limitations in real-time data usage,personalized services,and timely interaction.The emerging HDT concept offers new possibilities by integrating multi-source data and artificial intelligence for continuous monitoring and assessment.Hence,this paper reviews the evolution from DHM to HDT and proposes a unified HDT framework from a human factors perspective.The framework comprises the physical twin,the virtual twin,and the linkage between these two.The virtual twin integrates human modeling and AI engines to enable model-data-hybrid-enabled simulation.HDT can potentially upgrade traditional ergonomic methods to intelligent services through real-time analysis,timely feedback,and bidirectional interactions.Finally,the future perspectives of HDT for industrial applications as well as technical and social challenges are discussed.In general,this study outlines a human factors perspective on HDT for the first time,which is useful for cross-disciplinary research and human factors innovation to enhance the development of HDT in industry.展开更多
In China, many scenic and tourism areas are suffering from the urbanization that results from physical development of tourism projects, leading to the removal of the vegetative cover, the creation of areas impermeable...In China, many scenic and tourism areas are suffering from the urbanization that results from physical development of tourism projects, leading to the removal of the vegetative cover, the creation of areas impermeable to water, in-stream modifications, and other problems. In this paper, the risk of soil erosion and its ecological risks in the West Lake Scenic Spots （WLSS） area were quantitatively evaluated by integrating the revised universal soil loss equation （RUSLE） with a digital elevation model （DEM） and geographical information system （GIS） software. The standard RUSLE factors were modified to account for local climatic and topographic characteristics reflected in the DEM maps, and for the soil types and vegetation cover types. An interface was created between the Areinfo software and RUSLE so that the level of soil erosion and its ecological risk in the WLSS area could be mapped immediately once the model factors were defined for the area. The results from an analysis using the Areinfo-RUSLE interface showed that the risk value in 93 % of the expanding western part of the WLSS area was moderate or more severe and the soil erosion risk in this area was thus large compared with that in the rest of the area. This paper mainly aimed to increase the awareness of the soil erosion risk in urbanizing areas and suggest that the local governments should consider the probable ecological risk resulting from soil erosion when enlarging and developing tourism areas.展开更多
Although many studies have investigated slope gradient uncertainty derived from Digital Elevation Models(DEMs), the research concerning slope length uncertainty is far from mature. This discrepancy affects the availab...Although many studies have investigated slope gradient uncertainty derived from Digital Elevation Models(DEMs), the research concerning slope length uncertainty is far from mature. This discrepancy affects the availability and accuracy of soil erosion as well as hydrological modeling. This study investigates the formation and distribution of existing errors and uncertainties in slope length derivation based on 5-m resolution DEMs of the Loess Plateau in the middle of China. The slope length accuracy in three different landform areas is examined to analyse algorithm effects. The experiments indicate that the accuracy of the flat test area is lower than that of the rougher areas. The value from the specific contributing area(SCA) method is greater than the cumulative slope length(CSL), and the differences between these two methods arise from the shape of the upslope area. The variation of mean slope length derived from various DEM resolutions and landforms. The slope length accuracy decreases with increasing grid size and terrain complexity at the six test sites. A regression model is built to express the relationship of mean slope length with DEM resolution less than 85 m and terrain complexity represented by gully density. The results support the understanding of the slope length accuracy, thereby aiding in the effective evaluation of the modeling effect of surface process.展开更多
This paper investigates the differences that result from applying different approaches to uncertainty modeling and reports an experimental examining error estimation and propagation in elevation and slope, with the la...This paper investigates the differences that result from applying different approaches to uncertainty modeling and reports an experimental examining error estimation and propagation in elevation and slope, with the latter derived from the former. It is confirmed that significant differences exist between uncertainty descriptors, and propagation of uncertainty to end products is immensely affected by the specification of source uncertainty.展开更多
文摘In the context of global digital transformation and the rising prominence of maker education,this study explores the innovative integration of digital modeling technologies with traditional Nixing Pottery craftsmanship.By constructing a teaching framework under maker education theory,the research investigates how 3D modeling,CAD design,and 3D printing technologies can empower learners to address challenges in cultural heritage preservation and artistic innovation.Through experimental teaching and case analysis,the study verifies that this integrated approach significantly enhances learners’digital literacy,creative thinking,and cultural identity while optimizing Nixing Pottery’s production processes and design possibilities.The findings contribute to theoretical models of technology-enhanced craft education and provide practical pathways for the digital transformation of intangible cultural heritage.
文摘Geared-rotor systems are critical components in mechanical applications,and their performance can be severely affected by faults,such as profile errors,wear,pitting,spalling,flaking,and cracks.Profile errors in gear teeth are inevitable in manufacturing and subsequently accumulate during operations.This work aims to predict the status of gear profile deviations based on gear dynamics response using the digital model of an experimental rig setup.The digital model comprises detailed CAD models and has been validated against the expected physical behavior using commercial finite element analysis software.The different profile deviations are then modeled using gear charts,and the dynamic response is captured through simulations.The various features are then obtained by signal processing,and various ML models are then evaluated to predict the fault/no-fault condition for the gear.The best performance is achieved by an artificial neural network with a prediction accuracy of 97.5%,which concludes a strong influence on the dynamics of the gear rotor system due to profile deviations.
文摘<b>Introduction:</b> Digital models showed promising results for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Digital models can be obtained from alginate impressions as well as direct intra-oral scanners. Studies assessing the accuracy of digital models have shown digital models to be valid, clinically acceptable, and more quickly obtainable. With the advent of new scanners with better scanning technology researches are necessary to evaluate their accuracy and reliability. <b>Aim of Study:</b> To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 3D digital models obtained through intraoral and extraoral scanning modalities to the reference gold standard plaster model. <b>Material & Methods:</b> Twenty-four adult male and female subjects were randomly selected for this study. The intraoral scanners evaluated in this study were Sirona (CEREC Omnicam) and 3 shape (TRIOS 3), while the laboratory scanners used were Sirona (inEos X5), and 3 shape (D850). Intra-oral scanning of the subjects and extra-oral scanning of their alginate impressions, plaster models of the alginate impression, rubber base impression, and plaster model of their rubber base impression were done. Linear dental measurements included intermolar width, interpremolar width, intercanine width, mesiodistal width of the 1<sup>st</sup> permanent molar, 1<sup>st</sup> premolar, canine and central incisor and arch width. All data were collected, tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. <b>Results:</b> Small differences between the plaster and digital models were observed. Intra-observer reliability analysis for 14 out of the 16 measurements showed that all variables exhibited good to excellent reliability. <b>Conclusions: </b>There was no difference between the digitization using the intraoral scanner or the laboratory scanner. The most accurate digitization technique was the 3 Shape laboratory scanner of the cast of the alginate impression. The inEos X5 showed the highest error of digitization of the alginate and rubber base impressions.
文摘Hydraulic impact perforator is powerful tools for trenchless project. It has advantages in cabinet structure, low cost, long life and easy protected. Compared with pneumatic DTH, the hydraulic impact spear worked under high pressure and using uncompressible fluid thusgreater impact energy and higher efficiency can be supported. The authors founded the dynamic simulation model of HDI-146 hydraulic impact spear. The project for solving the differential equation was suggested also. By means of virtual machine technology, the dynamic mechanism of HDI-146 can be explored and tutoring us to optimize the structural parameters can be made.
文摘The digital economy has injected continuous momentum into the development of urban economy and plays a positive and important role in the transformation and upgrading of urban energy consumption.Specifically,the digital economy can significantly improve the efficiency of urban energy consumption by virtue of its distinctive characteristics of low pollution and high efficiency.Moreover,empowered by the digital economy,the pace of transformation and upgrading of high-pollution traditional industries has been accelerated.Particularly importantly,the urban energy consumption structure has been optimized and adjusted through the indirect role of intermediate factors.From this perspective,studying the current situation and countermeasures of urban energy consumption under the digital economy holds important practical significance both in theory and practice.This paper first briefly summarizes the relevant literature on the impact of the digital economy on the energy consumption structure;then,it focuses on detailed data to explore the current situation of urban energy consumption under the digital economy model;finally,based on the summary of the current situation,it puts forward practical and feasible suggestions,hoping to provide a decision-making basis for the implementation of policies in different types of cities and offer innovative ideas for promoting the high-quality development of urban energy systems.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42130813)CNPC Innovation Fund(No.2024DQ02-0502)。
文摘To address the shortage of characterization scale of field outcrops,we used the characteristics of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)oblique photography with a wide field of view and a high degree of quantification for image acquisition,data processing,and geological interpretation of the outcrops of the Shaximiao Formation in the Sichuan Basin.We established a 3D digital outcrop model(DOM),which combines the advantages of visualization and digitization the 3D DOM to interpret the characteristics of typical channel sand bodies.Within the study area,we have identified three types of channel deposition:composite channel deposition,crevasse channel deposition,and abandoned channel deposition.Among these,the composite channel deposition was mainly sandstone,the bottom contains conglomerate,with large cross-bedding,and the maximum thickness of the single sand body was 1.96 m.The crevasse channel deposition was mainly fine sandstone and siltstone,with massive bedding and small cross-bedding,and the maximum thickness of the single sand body was 0.64 m.The abandoned channel deposition dominated by mudstone with thin sandstone,the sandstone was mainly lenticular in section,and the maximum thickness of the single sand body was 0.28 m.We identified the depositional model of the studied region,which is dominated by braided river deposition,based on the growth size and correspondence of the sand bodies.The research provides a comparative foundation for the detailed characterisation of the underground reservoir sands found in the Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in the Sichuan Basin.It also serves as a reference for the effective study of UAV oblique photography technology in the field.
基金This work was supported by Knowledge Innovation Pro-gram Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-SW-320-3 & KZCX3-SW-425).
文摘Boundary extraction of watershed is an important step in forest landscape research. The boundary of the upriver wa-tershed of the Hunhe River in the sub-alpine Qingyuan County of eastern Liaoning Province, China was extracted by digital elevation modeling (DEM) data in ArcInfo8.1. Remote sensing image of the corresponding region was applied to help modify its copy according to Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) image抯 profuse geomorphological structure information. Both the DEM-dependent boundary and modified copy were overlapped with county map and drainage network map to visually check the effects of result. Overlap of county map suggested a nice extraction of the boundary line since the two layers matched precisely, which indicated the DEM-dependent boundary by program was effective and precise. Further upload of drainage network showed discrepancies between the boundary and the drainage network. Altogether, there were three sections of the extraction result that needed to correct. Compared with this extraction boundary, the modified boundary had a better match to the drainage network as well as to the county map. Comprehensive analysis demonstrated that the program extraction has generally fine precision in position and excels the digitized result by hand. The errors of the DEM-dependant extraction are due to the fact that it is difficult for program to recognize sections of complex landform especially altered by human activities, but these errors are discernable and adjustable because the spatial resolution of ETM image is less than that of DEM. This study result proved that application of remote sensing information could help obtain better result when DEM method is used in extraction of watershed boundary.
基金Under the auspices of National Youth Science Foundation of China(No.41001294)Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40930531)Research Fund of State Key Laboratory Resources and Environment Information System(No.2010KF0002SA)
文摘In China′s Loess Plateau area, gully head is the most active zone of a drainage system in gully areas. The differentiation of loess gully head follows geospatial patterns and reflects the process of the loess landform development and evolution of its drainage system to some extent. In this study, the geomorphic meaning, basic characteristics, morphological structure and the basic types of loess gully heads were systematically analysed. Then, the loess gully head′s conceptual model was established, and an extraction method based on Digital Elevation Model(DEM) for loess gully head features and elements was proposed. Through analysing the achieved statistics of loess gully head features, loess gully heads have apparently similar and different characteristics depending on the different loess landforms where they are found. The loess head characteristics reflect their growth period and evolution tendency to a certain degree, and they indirectly represent evolutionary mechanisms. In addition, the loess gully developmental stages and the evolutionary processes can be deduced by using loess gully head characteristics. This study is of great significance for development and improvement of the theoretical system for describing loess gully landforms.
基金supported by the Professional Development Award of the University of Tennessee
文摘Topographic shielding of cosmic radiation flux is a key parameter in using cosmogenic nuclides to determine surface exposure ages or erosion rates. Traditionally, this parameter is measured in the field and uncertainty and/or inconsistency may exist among different investigators. This paper provides an ArcGIS python code to determine topographic shielding factors using digital elevation models （DEMs）. This code can be imported into ArcGIS as a geoprocessing tool with a user-friendly graphical interface. The DEM-derived parameters using this method were validated with field measurements in central Tian Shan. Results indicate that DEM-derived shielding factors are consistent with field-measured values. It provides a valuable tool to save fieldwork efforts and has the potential to provide consistent results for different regions in the world to facilitate the comparison of cosmogenie nuclide results.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11472076Heilongjiang Provincial Universities Basic Scientific Research Business Fee Research Project No.145209210.
文摘Offshore platforms are large,complex structures designed for long-term service,and they are characterized by high risk and significant investment.Ensuring the safety and reliability of in-service offshore platforms requires intelligent operation and maintenance strategies.Digital twin technology can enable the accurate description and prediction of changes in the platform’s physical state through real-time monitoring data.This technology is expected to revolutionize the maintenance of existing offshore platform structures.A digital twin system is proposed for real-time assessment of structural health,prediction of residual life,formulation of maintenance plans,and extension of service life through predictive maintenance.The system integrates physical entities,digital models,intelligent predictive maintenance tools,a visualization platform,and interconnected modules to provide a comprehensive and efficient maintenance framework.This paper examines the current development status of core technologies in physical entity monitoring,digital model construction,and intelligent predictive maintenance.It also outlines future directions for the advancement of these technologies within the digital twin system,offering technical insights and practical references to support further research and applications of digital twin technology in offshore platform structures.
基金co-supported by the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talent(No.BX20180031)。
文摘The digital twin-driven performance model provides an attractive option for the warn gas-path faults of the gas turbines.However,three technical difficulties need to be solved:(1)low modeling precision caused by individual differences between gas turbines,(2)poor solution efficiency due to excessive iterations,and(3)the false alarm and missing alarm brought by the traditional fixed threshold method.This paper proposes a digital twin model-based early warning method for gas-path faults that breaks through the above obstacles from three aspects.Firstly,a novel performance modeling strategy is proposed to make the simulation effect close to the actual gas turbine by fusing the mechanism model and measurement data.Secondly,the idea of controlling the relative accuracy of model parameters is developed.The introduction of an error module to the existing model can greatly shorten the modeling cycle.The third solution focuses on the early warning based on the digital twin model,which self-learns the alarm threshold of the warning feature of gas-path parameters using the kernel density estimation.The proposed method is utilized to analyze actual measured data of LM2500+,and the results verify that the new-built digital model has higher accuracy and better efficiency.The comparisons show that the proposed method shows evident superiority in early warning of performance faults for gas turbines over other methods.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.40671158）, the National 863 Program of China（No.2006AA12Z224） and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University （No.NCET-05-0626）.
文摘The problem of taking an unorganized point cloud in 3D space and fitting a polyhedral surface to those points is both important and difficult. Aiming at increasing applications of full three dimensional digital terrain surface modeling, a new algorithm for the automatic generation of three dimensional triangulated irregular network from a point cloud is pro- posed. Based on the local topological consistency test, a combined algorithm of constrained 3D Delaunay triangulation and region-growing is extended to ensure topologically correct reconstruction. This paper also introduced an efficient neighbor- ing triangle location method by making full use of the surface normal information. Experimental results prove that this algo- rithm can efficiently obtain the most reasonable reconstructed mesh surface with arbitrary topology, wherein the automati- cally reconstructed surface has only small topological difference from the true surface. This algorithm has potential applica- tions to virtual environments, computer vision, and so on.
基金partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI(Grant No.16H03153)the Limestone Association of Japan。
文摘Displacement monitoring in open-pit mines is one of the important tasks for safe management of mining processes.Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar(DInSAR),mounted on an artificial satellite,has the potential to be a cost-effective method for monitoring surface displacements over extensive areas,such as open-pit mines.DInSAR requires the ground surface elevation data in the process of its analysis as a digital elevation model(DEM).However,since the topography of the ground surface in open-pit mines changes largely due to excavations,measurement errors can occur due to insufficient information on the elevation of mining areas.In this paper,effect of different elevation models on the accuracy of the displacement monitoring results by DInSAR is investigated at a limestone quarry.In addition,validity of the DInSAR results using an appropriate DEM is examined by comparing them with the results obtained by global positioning system(GPS)monitoring conducted for three years at the same limestone quarry.It is found that the uncertainty of DEMs induces large errors in the displacement monitoring results if the baseline length of the satellites between the master and the slave data is longer than a few hundred meters.Comparing the monitoring results of DInSAR and GPS,the root mean square error(RMSE)of the discrepancy between the two sets of results is less than 10 mm if an appropriate DEM,considering the excavation processes,is used.It is proven that DInSAR can be applied for monitoring the displacements of mine slopes with centimeter-level accuracy.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA20010203)
文摘Tropical mountainous areas not only provide substantial carbon storage and play an important role in global biological diversity, but also provide basic livelihood for a large number of poor ethnic minorities. However, there is no unified and explicit definition for mountainous areas. The local elevation range(LER) is a crucial structural parameter for delineating mountainous areas. However, current LER products are limited by the subjective selection of an optimum statistical window or coarser spatial resolution of topographical data. In this study, we presented an approach using thresholds for three topographic parameters, elevation, slope, and LER, derived from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model(ASTER GDEM) to redelineate the vast mountainous areas of mainland Southeast Asia(MSEA). The mean change-point analysis method was applied to determine the optimum statistical window of the 1 arc second(approximately 30 m)-resolution GDEM LER. The results showed that: First, the optimum statistical window is 38 × 38 cell units(width × height) in a rectangular neighborhood, or an area of about 1.30 km^2 for calculating GDEM LER in MSEA. Second, the LER of more than 80% of the area ranges from 30 m to 499 m in MSEA. The LERs in the northern and northwestern MSEA are greater than their counterparts in the south and east. Third, the area of the re-delineated mountainous areas was 83.52 × 10~4 km^2, about 38.71% of the total area. Spatially, the mountainous areas are mainly distributed in the north and northeast of MSEA. The re-delineated 30-m resolution map of the mountainous areas will serve as a topographical dataset for monitoring mountainrelated land surface changes in MSEA. The parameter-modified mountain extraction procedure can be expanded to delineate global mountainous areas.
基金the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(No.2007CB714103)
文摘A new algorithm to automatically extract drainage networks and catchments based on triangulation irregular networks(TINs) digital elevation model(DEM) was developed. The flow direction in this approach is determined by computing the spatial gradient of triangle and triangle edges. Outflow edge was defined by comparing the contribution area that is separated by the steepest descent of the triangle. Local channels were then tracked to build drainage networks. Both triangle edges and facets were considered to construct flow path. The algorithm has been tested in the site for Hawaiian Island of Kaho'olawe, and the results were compared with those calculated by ARCGIS as well as terrain map. The reported algorithm has been proved to be a reliable approach with high efficiency to generate well-connected and coherent drainage networks.
基金This work was financially supported by project 133/2016/RPP-TO-1/b“Teaching of advanced techniques for geodata processing for follow-up study of geoinformatics”.
文摘As a GIS tool,visibility analysis is used in many areas to evaluate both visible and non-visible places.Visibility analysis builds on a digital surface model describing the terrain morphology,including the position and shapes of all objects that can sometimes act as visibility barriers.However,some barriers,for example vegetation,may be permeable to a certain degree.Despite extensive research and use of visibility analysis in different areas,standard GIS tools do not take permeability into account.This article presents a new method to calculate visibility through partly permeable obstacles.The method is based on a quasi-Monte Carlo simulation with 100 iterations of visibility calculation.Each iteration result represents 1%of vegetation permeability,which can thus range from 1%to 100%visibility behind vegetation obstacles.The main advantage of the method is greater accuracy of visibility results and easy implementation on any GIS software.The incorporation of the proposed method in GIS software would facilitate work in many fields,such as architecture,archaeology,radio communication,and the military.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72071179)ZJU-Sunon Joint Research Center of Smart Furniture,Zhejiang University,China.
文摘The human digital twin(HDT)emerges as a promising human-centric technology in Industry 5.0,but challenges remain in human modeling and simulation.Digital human modeling(DHM)provides solutions for modeling and simulating human physical and cognitive aspects to support ergonomic analysis.However,it has limitations in real-time data usage,personalized services,and timely interaction.The emerging HDT concept offers new possibilities by integrating multi-source data and artificial intelligence for continuous monitoring and assessment.Hence,this paper reviews the evolution from DHM to HDT and proposes a unified HDT framework from a human factors perspective.The framework comprises the physical twin,the virtual twin,and the linkage between these two.The virtual twin integrates human modeling and AI engines to enable model-data-hybrid-enabled simulation.HDT can potentially upgrade traditional ergonomic methods to intelligent services through real-time analysis,timely feedback,and bidirectional interactions.Finally,the future perspectives of HDT for industrial applications as well as technical and social challenges are discussed.In general,this study outlines a human factors perspective on HDT for the first time,which is useful for cross-disciplinary research and human factors innovation to enhance the development of HDT in industry.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40201021)the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation of China(M403040).
文摘In China, many scenic and tourism areas are suffering from the urbanization that results from physical development of tourism projects, leading to the removal of the vegetative cover, the creation of areas impermeable to water, in-stream modifications, and other problems. In this paper, the risk of soil erosion and its ecological risks in the West Lake Scenic Spots （WLSS） area were quantitatively evaluated by integrating the revised universal soil loss equation （RUSLE） with a digital elevation model （DEM） and geographical information system （GIS） software. The standard RUSLE factors were modified to account for local climatic and topographic characteristics reflected in the DEM maps, and for the soil types and vegetation cover types. An interface was created between the Areinfo software and RUSLE so that the level of soil erosion and its ecological risk in the WLSS area could be mapped immediately once the model factors were defined for the area. The results from an analysis using the Areinfo-RUSLE interface showed that the risk value in 93 % of the expanding western part of the WLSS area was moderate or more severe and the soil erosion risk in this area was thus large compared with that in the rest of the area. This paper mainly aimed to increase the awareness of the soil erosion risk in urbanizing areas and suggest that the local governments should consider the probable ecological risk resulting from soil erosion when enlarging and developing tourism areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41471316,41401456)A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions-PAPD(Grant No.164320H101)+1 种基金Major University Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.13KJA170001)the financial support provided by the PhD Scholarship from Eurasic Pacific Uninet for collaboration research in Austria
文摘Although many studies have investigated slope gradient uncertainty derived from Digital Elevation Models(DEMs), the research concerning slope length uncertainty is far from mature. This discrepancy affects the availability and accuracy of soil erosion as well as hydrological modeling. This study investigates the formation and distribution of existing errors and uncertainties in slope length derivation based on 5-m resolution DEMs of the Loess Plateau in the middle of China. The slope length accuracy in three different landform areas is examined to analyse algorithm effects. The experiments indicate that the accuracy of the flat test area is lower than that of the rougher areas. The value from the specific contributing area(SCA) method is greater than the cumulative slope length(CSL), and the differences between these two methods arise from the shape of the upslope area. The variation of mean slope length derived from various DEM resolutions and landforms. The slope length accuracy decreases with increasing grid size and terrain complexity at the six test sites. A regression model is built to express the relationship of mean slope length with DEM resolution less than 85 m and terrain complexity represented by gully density. The results support the understanding of the slope length accuracy, thereby aiding in the effective evaluation of the modeling effect of surface process.
文摘This paper investigates the differences that result from applying different approaches to uncertainty modeling and reports an experimental examining error estimation and propagation in elevation and slope, with the latter derived from the former. It is confirmed that significant differences exist between uncertainty descriptors, and propagation of uncertainty to end products is immensely affected by the specification of source uncertainty.
