Background Cetobacterium somerae,a symbiotic microorganism resident in various fish intestines,is recognized for its beneficial effects on fish gut health.However,the mechanisms underlying the effects of C.somerae on ...Background Cetobacterium somerae,a symbiotic microorganism resident in various fish intestines,is recognized for its beneficial effects on fish gut health.However,the mechanisms underlying the effects of C.somerae on gut health remain unclear.In this experiment,we investigated the influence of C.somerae(CGMCC No.28843)on the growth performance,intestinal digestive and absorptive capacity,and intestinal structural integrity of juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)and explored its potential mechanisms.Methods A cohort of 2,160 juvenile grass carp with an initial mean body weight of 11.30±0.01 g were randomly allocated into 6 treatment groups,each comprising 6 replicates(60 fish per replicate).The experimental diets were supplemented with C.somerae at graded levels of 0.00(control),0.68×10^(9),1.35×10^(9),2.04×10^(9),2.70×10^(9),and 3.40×10^(9)cells/kg feed.Following a 10-week experimental period,biological samples were collected for subsequent analyses.Results Dietary supplementation with C.somerae at 1.35×10^(9)cells/kg significantly enhanced growth performance,intestinal development,and nutrient retention rate in juvenile grass carp(P<0.05).The treatment resulted in increased intestinal acetic acid concentration and enhanced activities of digestive enzymes and brush border enzymes(P<0.05).Furthermore,it reduced intestinal permeability(P<0.05),preserved tight junctions(TJ)ultrastructural integrity,and increased the expression of TJ and adherens junctions(AJ)biomarkers at both protein and transcriptional levels(P<0.05).Mechanistically,these effects may be correlated with enhanced antioxidant capacity and coordinated modulation of the RhoA/ROCK,Sirt1,and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.The appropriate supplementation levels,based on weight gain rate,feed conversion ratio,the activity of serum diamine oxidase and the content of lipopolysaccharide,were 1.27×10^(9),1.27×10^(9),1.34×10^(9)and 1.34×10^(9)cells/kg,respectively.Conclusions C.somerae improved intestinal digestive and absorptive capacity of juvenile grass carp,maintained intestinal structural integrity,and thus promoted their growth and development.This work demonstrates the potential of C.somerae as a probiotic for aquatic animals and provides a theoretical basis for its utilization in aquaculture.展开更多
Rabbits with the body weight of （2.0 ± 0.5 ） kg were chosen, to study the effects of sustained-release calcium hydroxide and sustained-release hydro- chloric acid on nutrient digestion and absorption of rabbits...Rabbits with the body weight of （2.0 ± 0.5 ） kg were chosen, to study the effects of sustained-release calcium hydroxide and sustained-release hydro- chloric acid on nutrient digestion and absorption of rabbits. The results showed that sustained-release calcium hydroxide promoted digestion and absorption of nutri- ents, especially calcium and crude protein. The digestibility of calcium and crude protein was increased from 89.8% and 93.8% to 41.0% and 65.2%, respec- tively. Sustained-release hydrochloric acid was adverse to digestion and absorption of nutrients, especially calcium and crude protein. The digestibility of calcium and crude protein were decreased from 55.5% and 84.9% to 28.4% and 68.7%, respectively. The promotion effects of sustained-release hydrochloride on diges- tion lasted for 3 -4 d. Therefore, sustained-release calcium hydroxide promoted digestion and absorption of calcium and protein, while digestion and absorption of fat remained at a high level no matter what the condition was. Consequently, increasing the intake of fat would cause over nutrition. However, taking sustained-re- lease hydrochloric acid would reduce nutrient digestion and absorption.展开更多
Objective:To study the digestion pattern of Guizhi Decoction in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract and its efficacy based on an in vitro culture model of the intestinal tract.Methods:A rat in vitro intestinal...Objective:To study the digestion pattern of Guizhi Decoction in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract and its efficacy based on an in vitro culture model of the intestinal tract.Methods:A rat in vitro intestinal culture model was established to simulate the digestive and absorptive processes of Guizhi Decoction in the stomach,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,cecum,and colon.High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the absorption rates,permeability,and metabolic characteristics of its major components.Meanwhile,the anti-inflammatory effects of the digestion and absorption products in the exo-Taiwan region,China fluid of different intestinal segments were evaluated in conjunction with the LPS-induced inflammation model of RAW264.7 cells.Results:The major components of Guizhi Decoction were most effectively absorbed in the duodenum and jejunum and the colon,while the stomach and cecum showed lower absorption capacity.The permeability of cinnamic acid and liquiritigenin exceeded 100%,indicating partial conversion from other components through metabolic transformation.The cecum was identified as the primary site for the conversion of glycyrrhizic acid into glycyrrhetinic acid.The results of the pharmacodynamic experiments showed that the digestive absorption products could significantly reduce the NO concentration in the cellular supernatant under low-dose conditions,and showed good anti-inflammatory effects,especially the absorption products of the duodenum and jejunum segments had the strongest pharmacodynamic effects.Conclusions:The anti-inflammatory effect of Guizhi Decoction is mainly dependent on its digestion and absorption process in the gastrointestinal tract.The duodenum and jejunum are the main absorption sites for its pharmacologically active substances,the colon plays a significant role in reabsorption,and the cecum is crucial for metabolic transformation.This study provides a novel perspective for understanding the pharmacological basis and mechanisms of Guizhi Decoction.展开更多
The invention and development of new research concepts, novel methodologies, and novel bioanalytical techniques are essential in advancing the animal sciences, which include feed and nutrition science. This article in...The invention and development of new research concepts, novel methodologies, and novel bioanalytical techniques are essential in advancing the animal sciences, which include feed and nutrition science. This article introduces a novel approach that shows the potential of advanced synchrotron-based bioanalytical technology for studying the effects of molecular structural changes in feeds induced by various treatments （e.g., genetic modification, gene silencing, heat-related feed processing, biofuel processing） in relation to nutrient digestion and absorption in animals. Advanced techniques based on synchrotron radiation （e.g., synchrotron radiation infrared microspectroscopy （SR-IMS） and synchrotron radiation X-ray techniques） have been developed as a fast, noninvasive, bioanalytical technology that, unlike traditional wet chemistry methods, does not damage or destroy the inherent molecular structure of the feed. The cutting-edge and advanced research tool of synchrotron light （which is a million times brighter than sunlight） can be used to explore the inherent structure of biological tissue at cellular and molecular levels at ultra-high spatial resolutions. In conclusion, the use of recently developed bioanalytical techniques based on synchrotron radiation along with common research techniques is leading to dramatic advances in animal feed and nutritional research.展开更多
MoS_(2)nanosheets(NSs)are novel 2D nanomaterials(NMs)with potential uses in many areas,and therefore oral exposure route to MoS_(2)NSs is plausible.Currently,MoS_(2)NSs are considered as biocompatible NMs,but there is...MoS_(2)nanosheets(NSs)are novel 2D nanomaterials(NMs)with potential uses in many areas,and therefore oral exposure route to MoS_(2)NSs is plausible.Currently,MoS_(2)NSs are considered as biocompatible NMs,but there is lacking of systemic investigations to study the interactions of MoS_(2)NSs with intestinal cells.In this study,we exposed the 3D Caco-2 spheroids to MoS_(2)NSs or MoS_(2)powders(denoted as MoS_(2)-bulk),and investigated the potential adverse effects of MoS_(2)-materials based on transcriptomics and lipidomics analysis.As expected,both MoS_(2)NSs and MoS_(2)-bulk were dose-dependently internalized into 3D Caco-2 spheroids but did not induce cytotoxicity,membrane disruption or decrease of thiols.However,the Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes(KEGG)analysis indicated that nutrient absorption and metabolism was decreased.One of the most significantly decreased KEGG pathways is fat digestion and absorption(map04975),and Western blotting analysis further showed that fatty acid binding protein 1 and apolipoprotein A1,key proteins involved in fat digestion and absorption,were down-regulated by MoS_(2)NSs or MoS_(2)-bulk.In addition,BODIPY 493/503 staining suggested that exposure to MoS_(2)NSs and MoS_(2)-bulk decreased lipid levels in the spheroids.However,lipidomics data indicated that MoS_(2)materials only decreased 8 lipid classes,including lysophosphatidylcholine,lysodimethylphosphatidylethanolamine,N-acylethanolamine,ceramide phosphoethanolamines,gangliosides,lysosphingomyelin and sulfatide,whereas most of the lipid classes were indeed increased.In addition,MoS_(2)NSs was more potent to decrease the lipid classes compared with MoS_(2)-bulk.Combined,the results from this study showed that MoS_(2)NSs and bulk materials were non-cytotoxic but altered lipid profiles in 3D Caco-2 spheroids.展开更多
BACKGROUND Reactivation of hepatitis B virus(HBV)during anticancer treatment is a critical issue.When treating patients with solid tumors,it is unclear whether specific cancer types or treatments affect HBV reactivati...BACKGROUND Reactivation of hepatitis B virus(HBV)during anticancer treatment is a critical issue.When treating patients with solid tumors,it is unclear whether specific cancer types or treatments affect HBV reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)-negative and hepatitis B core antibody(HBcAb)-positive patients,socalled de novo hepatitis B patients.The risk of de novo hepatitis B may vary based on different background factors.AIM To determine the frequency and risk factors for de novo hepatitis B during solid tumor treatment.METHODS This retrospective cohort study comprised 1040 patients without HBsAgs and with HBcAbs and/or hepatitis B surface antibodies(HBsAbs).The patients were treated for solid cancer from 2008 to 2018 at the National Kyushu Cancer Center and underwent HBV DNA measurements.Patient characteristics and disease and treatment information were investigated.HBV DNA measurements were performed using TaqMan polymerase chain reaction(PCR).To identify the risk factors associated with HBV DNA expression,the age,sex,original disease,pathology,treatment method,presence or absence of hepatitis C virus(HCV),and HBsAb and/or HBcAb titers of all subjects were investigated.In patients with HBV DNA,the time of appearance,presence of HBsAgs and HBsAbs at the time of appearance,and course of the subsequent fluctuations in virus levels were also investigated.RESULTS Among the 1040 patients,938 were HBcAb positive,and 102 were HBcAb negative and HBsAb positive.HBV DNA expression was observed before the onset of treatment in nine patients(0.9%)and after treatment in 35 patients(3.7%),all of whom were HBcAb positive.The HBV reactivation group showed significantly higher median HBcAb values[9.00(8.12-9.89)vs 7.22(7.02-7.43),P=0.0001]and significantly lower HBsAb values(14 vs 46,P=0.0342)than the group without reactivation.Notably,the reactivated group showed a significantly higher proportion of cancers in organs related to digestion and absorption(79.0%vs 58.7%,P=0.0051).A high HBcAb titer and cancers in organs involved in digestion and absorption were identified as independent factors for HBV reactivation(multivariate analysis,P=0.0002 and P=0.0095).The group without HBsAbs tended to have a shorter time to reactivation(day 43 vs day 193),and the frequency of reactivation within 6 mo was significantly higher in this group(P=0.0459)than in the other group.CONCLUSION A high HBcAb titer and cancers in organs involved in digestion and absorption are independent factors that contribute to HBV reactivation during solid tumor treatment.展开更多
This work conducted a four-week metabolism test on rats to study the digestion and absorption characteristics of five protein-based krill products prepared from Antarctic krill as raw material.It aimed to provide theo...This work conducted a four-week metabolism test on rats to study the digestion and absorption characteristics of five protein-based krill products prepared from Antarctic krill as raw material.It aimed to provide theoretical support for the effective use of Antarctic krill protein and the development of novel protein resources.The results showed that the weight gain and true digestibility of the rats fed with krill meat,surimi and ordinary krill powder were significantly higher(P<0.05)than those of the rats fed with traditional casein.Compared to casein,proteins from the five Antarctic krill products were found to significantly improve the net protein utilization(P<0.05),and reduce the total cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum of rats(P<0.05).In summary,the Antarctic krill protein-based products with high nutritional values can be used as a potential novel protein resource in the food industry.展开更多
In recent years,milk fat has garnered significant attention.over 98%of milk fat is composed of triglycerides,with fatty acids being one of the main components that play important physiological roles.the distribution o...In recent years,milk fat has garnered significant attention.over 98%of milk fat is composed of triglycerides,with fatty acids being one of the main components that play important physiological roles.the distribution of fatty acids on the glycerol backbone of triglycerides is closely related to the digestion and absorption of milk fat.However,there is a lack of research comparing the stereospecific distribution of fatty acids in human milk and different ruminant milks.this review summarizes the extraction techniques and analytical methods of fatty acids from milk fat,analyzes and compares the composition and content of total fatty acids in human,yak,camel,cow,buffalo,and goat milks,overviews the stereospecific location of fatty acids on triglycerides and digestion and absorption of fatty acids in different milk sources,and evaluates the nutritional value of different milk sources using seven fatty acid nutritional evaluation indices to evaluate the nutritional value of different milk sources,providing guidance for promoting human health,and exploring the potential importance of the fatty acid composition of ruminant milk for infant or special dairy development,providing a basis for further development and utilization of dairy products.展开更多
The proximal small intestine,encompassing the duodenum and jejunum,is widely recognized as the primary site for nutrient digestion and absorption in humans.[1]Notably,its luminal environment exhibits diverse histologi...The proximal small intestine,encompassing the duodenum and jejunum,is widely recognized as the primary site for nutrient digestion and absorption in humans.[1]Notably,its luminal environment exhibits diverse histological and physiological characteristics,including a longitudinal pH gradient,variations in oxygen pressure,and differing concentrations of antimicrobial peptides.[2]In addition,the small intestine is a highly organized structure composed of repeated crypt-villous units.In mice,epithelial,immune,and mesenchymal cells have been identified to exhibit significant spatial variability in the gene expression patterns along the crypt-villus axis.However,the spatial expression heterogeneity of the small intestine in humans remains largely unexplored.展开更多
基金financially supported by the earmarked fund for the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-45)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(32425056)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD2400600)Sichuan Innovation Team of National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(SCCXTD-2024-16).
文摘Background Cetobacterium somerae,a symbiotic microorganism resident in various fish intestines,is recognized for its beneficial effects on fish gut health.However,the mechanisms underlying the effects of C.somerae on gut health remain unclear.In this experiment,we investigated the influence of C.somerae(CGMCC No.28843)on the growth performance,intestinal digestive and absorptive capacity,and intestinal structural integrity of juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)and explored its potential mechanisms.Methods A cohort of 2,160 juvenile grass carp with an initial mean body weight of 11.30±0.01 g were randomly allocated into 6 treatment groups,each comprising 6 replicates(60 fish per replicate).The experimental diets were supplemented with C.somerae at graded levels of 0.00(control),0.68×10^(9),1.35×10^(9),2.04×10^(9),2.70×10^(9),and 3.40×10^(9)cells/kg feed.Following a 10-week experimental period,biological samples were collected for subsequent analyses.Results Dietary supplementation with C.somerae at 1.35×10^(9)cells/kg significantly enhanced growth performance,intestinal development,and nutrient retention rate in juvenile grass carp(P<0.05).The treatment resulted in increased intestinal acetic acid concentration and enhanced activities of digestive enzymes and brush border enzymes(P<0.05).Furthermore,it reduced intestinal permeability(P<0.05),preserved tight junctions(TJ)ultrastructural integrity,and increased the expression of TJ and adherens junctions(AJ)biomarkers at both protein and transcriptional levels(P<0.05).Mechanistically,these effects may be correlated with enhanced antioxidant capacity and coordinated modulation of the RhoA/ROCK,Sirt1,and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.The appropriate supplementation levels,based on weight gain rate,feed conversion ratio,the activity of serum diamine oxidase and the content of lipopolysaccharide,were 1.27×10^(9),1.27×10^(9),1.34×10^(9)and 1.34×10^(9)cells/kg,respectively.Conclusions C.somerae improved intestinal digestive and absorptive capacity of juvenile grass carp,maintained intestinal structural integrity,and thus promoted their growth and development.This work demonstrates the potential of C.somerae as a probiotic for aquatic animals and provides a theoretical basis for its utilization in aquaculture.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576055)
文摘Rabbits with the body weight of （2.0 ± 0.5 ） kg were chosen, to study the effects of sustained-release calcium hydroxide and sustained-release hydro- chloric acid on nutrient digestion and absorption of rabbits. The results showed that sustained-release calcium hydroxide promoted digestion and absorption of nutri- ents, especially calcium and crude protein. The digestibility of calcium and crude protein was increased from 89.8% and 93.8% to 41.0% and 65.2%, respec- tively. Sustained-release hydrochloric acid was adverse to digestion and absorption of nutrients, especially calcium and crude protein. The digestibility of calcium and crude protein were decreased from 55.5% and 84.9% to 28.4% and 68.7%, respectively. The promotion effects of sustained-release hydrochloride on diges- tion lasted for 3 -4 d. Therefore, sustained-release calcium hydroxide promoted digestion and absorption of calcium and protein, while digestion and absorption of fat remained at a high level no matter what the condition was. Consequently, increasing the intake of fat would cause over nutrition. However, taking sustained-re- lease hydrochloric acid would reduce nutrient digestion and absorption.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81403282)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(7133251).
文摘Objective:To study the digestion pattern of Guizhi Decoction in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract and its efficacy based on an in vitro culture model of the intestinal tract.Methods:A rat in vitro intestinal culture model was established to simulate the digestive and absorptive processes of Guizhi Decoction in the stomach,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,cecum,and colon.High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the absorption rates,permeability,and metabolic characteristics of its major components.Meanwhile,the anti-inflammatory effects of the digestion and absorption products in the exo-Taiwan region,China fluid of different intestinal segments were evaluated in conjunction with the LPS-induced inflammation model of RAW264.7 cells.Results:The major components of Guizhi Decoction were most effectively absorbed in the duodenum and jejunum and the colon,while the stomach and cecum showed lower absorption capacity.The permeability of cinnamic acid and liquiritigenin exceeded 100%,indicating partial conversion from other components through metabolic transformation.The cecum was identified as the primary site for the conversion of glycyrrhizic acid into glycyrrhetinic acid.The results of the pharmacodynamic experiments showed that the digestive absorption products could significantly reduce the NO concentration in the cellular supernatant under low-dose conditions,and showed good anti-inflammatory effects,especially the absorption products of the duodenum and jejunum segments had the strongest pharmacodynamic effects.Conclusions:The anti-inflammatory effect of Guizhi Decoction is mainly dependent on its digestion and absorption process in the gastrointestinal tract.The duodenum and jejunum are the main absorption sites for its pharmacologically active substances,the colon plays a significant role in reabsorption,and the cecum is crucial for metabolic transformation.This study provides a novel perspective for understanding the pharmacological basis and mechanisms of Guizhi Decoction.
文摘The invention and development of new research concepts, novel methodologies, and novel bioanalytical techniques are essential in advancing the animal sciences, which include feed and nutrition science. This article introduces a novel approach that shows the potential of advanced synchrotron-based bioanalytical technology for studying the effects of molecular structural changes in feeds induced by various treatments （e.g., genetic modification, gene silencing, heat-related feed processing, biofuel processing） in relation to nutrient digestion and absorption in animals. Advanced techniques based on synchrotron radiation （e.g., synchrotron radiation infrared microspectroscopy （SR-IMS） and synchrotron radiation X-ray techniques） have been developed as a fast, noninvasive, bioanalytical technology that, unlike traditional wet chemistry methods, does not damage or destroy the inherent molecular structure of the feed. The cutting-edge and advanced research tool of synchrotron light （which is a million times brighter than sunlight） can be used to explore the inherent structure of biological tissue at cellular and molecular levels at ultra-high spatial resolutions. In conclusion, the use of recently developed bioanalytical techniques based on synchrotron radiation along with common research techniques is leading to dramatic advances in animal feed and nutritional research.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51803055)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2019JJ50372)Hunan Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.2018GK2062)。
文摘MoS_(2)nanosheets(NSs)are novel 2D nanomaterials(NMs)with potential uses in many areas,and therefore oral exposure route to MoS_(2)NSs is plausible.Currently,MoS_(2)NSs are considered as biocompatible NMs,but there is lacking of systemic investigations to study the interactions of MoS_(2)NSs with intestinal cells.In this study,we exposed the 3D Caco-2 spheroids to MoS_(2)NSs or MoS_(2)powders(denoted as MoS_(2)-bulk),and investigated the potential adverse effects of MoS_(2)-materials based on transcriptomics and lipidomics analysis.As expected,both MoS_(2)NSs and MoS_(2)-bulk were dose-dependently internalized into 3D Caco-2 spheroids but did not induce cytotoxicity,membrane disruption or decrease of thiols.However,the Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes(KEGG)analysis indicated that nutrient absorption and metabolism was decreased.One of the most significantly decreased KEGG pathways is fat digestion and absorption(map04975),and Western blotting analysis further showed that fatty acid binding protein 1 and apolipoprotein A1,key proteins involved in fat digestion and absorption,were down-regulated by MoS_(2)NSs or MoS_(2)-bulk.In addition,BODIPY 493/503 staining suggested that exposure to MoS_(2)NSs and MoS_(2)-bulk decreased lipid levels in the spheroids.However,lipidomics data indicated that MoS_(2)materials only decreased 8 lipid classes,including lysophosphatidylcholine,lysodimethylphosphatidylethanolamine,N-acylethanolamine,ceramide phosphoethanolamines,gangliosides,lysosphingomyelin and sulfatide,whereas most of the lipid classes were indeed increased.In addition,MoS_(2)NSs was more potent to decrease the lipid classes compared with MoS_(2)-bulk.Combined,the results from this study showed that MoS_(2)NSs and bulk materials were non-cytotoxic but altered lipid profiles in 3D Caco-2 spheroids.
基金Supported by Eisai Corporation,No.HHCS20181030011。
文摘BACKGROUND Reactivation of hepatitis B virus(HBV)during anticancer treatment is a critical issue.When treating patients with solid tumors,it is unclear whether specific cancer types or treatments affect HBV reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)-negative and hepatitis B core antibody(HBcAb)-positive patients,socalled de novo hepatitis B patients.The risk of de novo hepatitis B may vary based on different background factors.AIM To determine the frequency and risk factors for de novo hepatitis B during solid tumor treatment.METHODS This retrospective cohort study comprised 1040 patients without HBsAgs and with HBcAbs and/or hepatitis B surface antibodies(HBsAbs).The patients were treated for solid cancer from 2008 to 2018 at the National Kyushu Cancer Center and underwent HBV DNA measurements.Patient characteristics and disease and treatment information were investigated.HBV DNA measurements were performed using TaqMan polymerase chain reaction(PCR).To identify the risk factors associated with HBV DNA expression,the age,sex,original disease,pathology,treatment method,presence or absence of hepatitis C virus(HCV),and HBsAb and/or HBcAb titers of all subjects were investigated.In patients with HBV DNA,the time of appearance,presence of HBsAgs and HBsAbs at the time of appearance,and course of the subsequent fluctuations in virus levels were also investigated.RESULTS Among the 1040 patients,938 were HBcAb positive,and 102 were HBcAb negative and HBsAb positive.HBV DNA expression was observed before the onset of treatment in nine patients(0.9%)and after treatment in 35 patients(3.7%),all of whom were HBcAb positive.The HBV reactivation group showed significantly higher median HBcAb values[9.00(8.12-9.89)vs 7.22(7.02-7.43),P=0.0001]and significantly lower HBsAb values(14 vs 46,P=0.0342)than the group without reactivation.Notably,the reactivated group showed a significantly higher proportion of cancers in organs related to digestion and absorption(79.0%vs 58.7%,P=0.0051).A high HBcAb titer and cancers in organs involved in digestion and absorption were identified as independent factors for HBV reactivation(multivariate analysis,P=0.0002 and P=0.0095).The group without HBsAbs tended to have a shorter time to reactivation(day 43 vs day 193),and the frequency of reactivation within 6 mo was significantly higher in this group(P=0.0459)than in the other group.CONCLUSION A high HBcAb titer and cancers in organs involved in digestion and absorption are independent factors that contribute to HBV reactivation during solid tumor treatment.
基金financially supported by the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2022 QNLM030002)the National Key R&D Program of China‘Formation Mechanism of Antarctic Krill Fishery and Key Technologies for Efficient Utilization of Resources’:Antarctic Krill High Value Product Creation and Industrialization Demonstration(No.2018YFC1406806)the Technology Innovation Project of Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Pilot National Laboratory,Shandong Provincial Marine Science,the Technology Fund Major‘Dark Blue Fishery’4-2:Construction of Antarctic Krill Processing Technology Process System(No.2018SDKJ0304-2)。
文摘This work conducted a four-week metabolism test on rats to study the digestion and absorption characteristics of five protein-based krill products prepared from Antarctic krill as raw material.It aimed to provide theoretical support for the effective use of Antarctic krill protein and the development of novel protein resources.The results showed that the weight gain and true digestibility of the rats fed with krill meat,surimi and ordinary krill powder were significantly higher(P<0.05)than those of the rats fed with traditional casein.Compared to casein,proteins from the five Antarctic krill products were found to significantly improve the net protein utilization(P<0.05),and reduce the total cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum of rats(P<0.05).In summary,the Antarctic krill protein-based products with high nutritional values can be used as a potential novel protein resource in the food industry.
基金supported by the beijing Municipal University Classification Development Project,and the Ganzi Prefecture Seda County Zang Yuan Zhao Mei dairy products Co.,Ltd.(KJ200301).
文摘In recent years,milk fat has garnered significant attention.over 98%of milk fat is composed of triglycerides,with fatty acids being one of the main components that play important physiological roles.the distribution of fatty acids on the glycerol backbone of triglycerides is closely related to the digestion and absorption of milk fat.However,there is a lack of research comparing the stereospecific distribution of fatty acids in human milk and different ruminant milks.this review summarizes the extraction techniques and analytical methods of fatty acids from milk fat,analyzes and compares the composition and content of total fatty acids in human,yak,camel,cow,buffalo,and goat milks,overviews the stereospecific location of fatty acids on triglycerides and digestion and absorption of fatty acids in different milk sources,and evaluates the nutritional value of different milk sources using seven fatty acid nutritional evaluation indices to evaluate the nutritional value of different milk sources,providing guidance for promoting human health,and exploring the potential importance of the fatty acid composition of ruminant milk for infant or special dairy development,providing a basis for further development and utilization of dairy products.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82070562,82370532,and 82341219).
文摘The proximal small intestine,encompassing the duodenum and jejunum,is widely recognized as the primary site for nutrient digestion and absorption in humans.[1]Notably,its luminal environment exhibits diverse histological and physiological characteristics,including a longitudinal pH gradient,variations in oxygen pressure,and differing concentrations of antimicrobial peptides.[2]In addition,the small intestine is a highly organized structure composed of repeated crypt-villous units.In mice,epithelial,immune,and mesenchymal cells have been identified to exhibit significant spatial variability in the gene expression patterns along the crypt-villus axis.However,the spatial expression heterogeneity of the small intestine in humans remains largely unexplored.
