Melanoidins(MLDs),the final products of the Maillard reaction,are high molecular-weight polymers formed during the processing of black garlic.These compounds contribute to the distinctive color,flavor,and bioactive pr...Melanoidins(MLDs),the final products of the Maillard reaction,are high molecular-weight polymers formed during the processing of black garlic.These compounds contribute to the distinctive color,flavor,and bioactive properties of black garlic.However,the impact of storage conditions on the structural integrity and bioactivities of black garlic melanoidins(BG-MLDs)remains largely unexplored.By using various in vitro simulations,this study investigated the effects of different storage conditions(at 4 and 35℃for 0,3,and 6 months)on the digestion,absorption,metabolism,and intestinal microbial profile of BG-MLDs during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.Our results demonstrated that BG-MLDs resisted digestion regardless of storage conditions.BG-MLDs stored at 4℃for 3 months significantly enriched the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium longum and decreased harmful bacteria like Escherichia.Additionally,MLD treatment significantly increased the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),particularly propionate,butyrate,and isovalerate,with the 35℃for 3 months of storage showing the most significant effect(increased by 3.74-fold).However,a longer storage at 35℃(6 months)showed a decline in SCFA production.These findings highlight the critical role of a certain storage time(3 months)in preserving and potentially enhancing the prebiotic activity of BG-MLDs.By optimizing storage parameters,the bioactive potential of BG-MLDs can be used for their potential application as functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals,contributing to the prevention and management of chronic diseases associated with gut dysbiosis.展开更多
Background Exogenous xylanase can increase utilization of fiber and energy when included in diets for pigs,and xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)may improve growth performance of pigs by modulating intestinal fermentation.How...Background Exogenous xylanase can increase utilization of fiber and energy when included in diets for pigs,and xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)may improve growth performance of pigs by modulating intestinal fermentation.However,it is unclear if a stimbiotic(i.e.,a combination of xylanase and XOS)has superior effects compared with a xylanase alone,and there is a lack of data demonstrating if xylanase fed to lactating sows influences growth performance of weanling pigs.Therefore,two hypotheses were tested:1)xylanase and stimbiotic improve growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of gross energy(GE)and total dietary fiber(TDF),digestible energy(DE),and intestinal health of weanling pigs and 2)offspring of sows fed xylanase in lactation have greater growth performance after weaning than offspring of sows fed no xylanase during lactation.Methods One hundred and twenty pigs were weaned from sows fed a diet without xylanase,and 120 pigs were weaned from sows fed a lactation diet containing 16,000 beechwood xylanase units per kg(initial weight:5.81±0.50 kg).Pigs were allotted to a 2×3 factorial with two sow groups(lactation diet without or with xylanase)and three dietary treatments(i.e.,control,control plus xylanase,or control plus stimbiotic).Results There were no interactions between sow treatment and post-weaning pig treatment,and sow treatment did not impact post-weaning growth or ATTD of GE and TDF in weaned pigs.From d 15 to 28 post-weaning,the ADG,G:F,ATTD of GE and TDF,and concentration of DE were greater(P<0.05)for pigs fed the diet with stimbiotic than if fed the xylanase diet or the control diet,and pigs fed the xylanase diet had greater(P<0.05)ADG,G:F,ATTD of GE and TDF,and concentration of DE than pigs fed the control diet.From d 29 to 42 post-weaning,pigs fed the diets with xylanase or stimbiotic had greater(P<0.05)ADG,ATTD of GE and TDF,and DE than pigs fed the control diet.Conclusions Pigs fed xylanase or stimbiotic had greater ATTD of GE and TDF,greater DE,and greater overall ADG,G:F,and final body weight on d 42 post-weaning than pigs fed the control diet,but feeding sows xylanase in lactation did not influence post-weaning growth performance.展开更多
Background The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of commercially processed former foodstuffs(cFF)as dietary substitutes of corn,soybean meal and soybean oil on the growth performance,apparent total trac...Background The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of commercially processed former foodstuffs(cFF)as dietary substitutes of corn,soybean meal and soybean oil on the growth performance,apparent total tract digestibil-ity(ATTD),hematobiochemical profiles,and liver gene abundance in broiler chickens.Two hundred one-day-old male ROSS-308 chicks were assigned to 4 dietary groups(5 replicates of ten birds per replicate)according to their average body weight(BW,38.0±0.11 g).All groups received a two-phase feeding program:starter,d 1–12 and grower,d 12–33.The control group(cFF0)was fed a standard commercial feed based on corn,soybean meal and soybean oil.The other three groups received diets in which the feed based on corn,soybean meal,and soybean oil was partially replaced with cFF at a substitution level of 6.25%(cFF6.25),12.5%(cFF12.5)or 25%(cFF25)for the following 33 d.Results The growth performance data showed no differences in BW or average daily gain among groups,although the average daily feed intake decreased during the grower period(12–33 d)and over entire experimental period(1–33 d)in a linear manner as the cFF inclusion level rose(P=0.026),positively affecting the gain to feed ratio(P=0.001).The ATTD of dry matter of the cFF-fed groups were greater with respect to control group and increased throughout the experimental period,whereas the ATTD of ether extract linearly decreased with increasing levels of cFF-fed groups compared with control group and throughout the experimental period(P<0.05).Additionally,a lin-ear increase in the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio,serum cholesterol,triglycerides and alanine-aminotransferase were observed with increasing dietary levels of cFF(P<0.05);however,no differences were observed in lipoprotein lipase or sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor gene abundance.Conclusions The results of this experiment demonstrate that it is possible to incorporate cFF into nutritionally balanced diets for broiler chickens,even up to 25%substitution levels,for up to 33 d without adversely impacting the overall growth performance of male broiler chickens raised under commercial conditions.Further studies are essential to validate the hematological trait findings.展开更多
The rise in life expectancies and gap between life span and health span necessitate innovative approaches,interventions,and food solutions to secure healthy aging.This study,conducted within the framework of the EAT4A...The rise in life expectancies and gap between life span and health span necessitate innovative approaches,interventions,and food solutions to secure healthy aging.This study,conducted within the framework of the EAT4AGE project of the Joint Programming InitiativeA Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life',focuses on the rational design of functional foods for older adults.A co-extruded cereal prototype,fortified with two bioactive moieties,maca root powder and olive leaf extract,aims to address nutritional gaps identified in older adults,with a particular emphasis on high-quality and highly digestible proteins.Analytical determinations reveal the cereals have rich macronutrient profile exceeding 12%(m/m)protein,20%(m/m)fat,and low sugar(<5%,m/m),surpassing commercially available products with texture analyses supporting improved hardness,reduced oral friction and oral comfort.An untrained consumer panel(n=21,age 73±5)confirmed high palatability in various metrics and overall acceptability that were also affirmed through a trained sensory panel.Lastly,the product digestion was explored through an age-tailored in vitro digestion model which consistently demonstrated high protein digestibility,surpassing 80%,across all product formulations.Further,calculation of the in vitro digestible indispensable amino acid score of the product affirms its high nutritional quality.Thus,this study underscores the potential of designing palatable foods that could help promote a balanced and sustainable diet towards healthy aging.展开更多
随着我国经济的快速发展,土壤环境重金属污染越来越严重。我国土壤环境污染具有区域性、流域性等复杂背景特性,不同的重金属消解方式对不同重金属性质、不同基质类型的土壤检测结果存在较大差异。为提高土壤中金属元素的检测效率和准确...随着我国经济的快速发展,土壤环境重金属污染越来越严重。我国土壤环境污染具有区域性、流域性等复杂背景特性,不同的重金属消解方式对不同重金属性质、不同基质类型的土壤检测结果存在较大差异。为提高土壤中金属元素的检测效率和准确率,以4个土壤国家标准物质和3个参比物质为实验材料,基于微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法研究4种混合酸体系、酸比例,以及不同内标物对检测结果的影响,旨在找到一种能同时准确测定土壤中Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd的前处理方法。结果表明,4 mL HNO_(3)+1 mL HCl+1 mL HF+1 mL H_(2)O_(2)进行微波消解后,再加入0.5 mL HClO_(4)于170℃赶酸至近干,对Pb和Cr的消解效果最佳,上机时Pb、Cd以Rh为内标,Cr、Cu、Zn以Ge为内标,Ni以Sc为内标,能准确地测定土壤中Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni等6种重金属元素。Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni的方法检出限分别为0.4、0.01、1.3、0.4、1.4、0.24 mg/kg,检出限低。对标准物质进行12次测定,Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni等6种重金属元素对数偏差(ΔlgC)为0~0.04,相对标准偏差为1.5%~8.0%,精密度和正确度高。该实验方法检测数据可靠,为同时测定土壤中6种金属元素提供了一种高效准确的检测方法。展开更多
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF1104302)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022YFSY0030).
文摘Melanoidins(MLDs),the final products of the Maillard reaction,are high molecular-weight polymers formed during the processing of black garlic.These compounds contribute to the distinctive color,flavor,and bioactive properties of black garlic.However,the impact of storage conditions on the structural integrity and bioactivities of black garlic melanoidins(BG-MLDs)remains largely unexplored.By using various in vitro simulations,this study investigated the effects of different storage conditions(at 4 and 35℃for 0,3,and 6 months)on the digestion,absorption,metabolism,and intestinal microbial profile of BG-MLDs during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.Our results demonstrated that BG-MLDs resisted digestion regardless of storage conditions.BG-MLDs stored at 4℃for 3 months significantly enriched the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium longum and decreased harmful bacteria like Escherichia.Additionally,MLD treatment significantly increased the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),particularly propionate,butyrate,and isovalerate,with the 35℃for 3 months of storage showing the most significant effect(increased by 3.74-fold).However,a longer storage at 35℃(6 months)showed a decline in SCFA production.These findings highlight the critical role of a certain storage time(3 months)in preserving and potentially enhancing the prebiotic activity of BG-MLDs.By optimizing storage parameters,the bioactive potential of BG-MLDs can be used for their potential application as functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals,contributing to the prevention and management of chronic diseases associated with gut dysbiosis.
基金financial support for this research by AB Vista,Marlborough,UK,is greatly appreciated.
文摘Background Exogenous xylanase can increase utilization of fiber and energy when included in diets for pigs,and xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)may improve growth performance of pigs by modulating intestinal fermentation.However,it is unclear if a stimbiotic(i.e.,a combination of xylanase and XOS)has superior effects compared with a xylanase alone,and there is a lack of data demonstrating if xylanase fed to lactating sows influences growth performance of weanling pigs.Therefore,two hypotheses were tested:1)xylanase and stimbiotic improve growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of gross energy(GE)and total dietary fiber(TDF),digestible energy(DE),and intestinal health of weanling pigs and 2)offspring of sows fed xylanase in lactation have greater growth performance after weaning than offspring of sows fed no xylanase during lactation.Methods One hundred and twenty pigs were weaned from sows fed a diet without xylanase,and 120 pigs were weaned from sows fed a lactation diet containing 16,000 beechwood xylanase units per kg(initial weight:5.81±0.50 kg).Pigs were allotted to a 2×3 factorial with two sow groups(lactation diet without or with xylanase)and three dietary treatments(i.e.,control,control plus xylanase,or control plus stimbiotic).Results There were no interactions between sow treatment and post-weaning pig treatment,and sow treatment did not impact post-weaning growth or ATTD of GE and TDF in weaned pigs.From d 15 to 28 post-weaning,the ADG,G:F,ATTD of GE and TDF,and concentration of DE were greater(P<0.05)for pigs fed the diet with stimbiotic than if fed the xylanase diet or the control diet,and pigs fed the xylanase diet had greater(P<0.05)ADG,G:F,ATTD of GE and TDF,and concentration of DE than pigs fed the control diet.From d 29 to 42 post-weaning,pigs fed the diets with xylanase or stimbiotic had greater(P<0.05)ADG,ATTD of GE and TDF,and DE than pigs fed the control diet.Conclusions Pigs fed xylanase or stimbiotic had greater ATTD of GE and TDF,greater DE,and greater overall ADG,G:F,and final body weight on d 42 post-weaning than pigs fed the control diet,but feeding sows xylanase in lactation did not influence post-weaning growth performance.
基金Department of Veterinary Sciences“Ricerca Locale–Linea A”.
文摘Background The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of commercially processed former foodstuffs(cFF)as dietary substitutes of corn,soybean meal and soybean oil on the growth performance,apparent total tract digestibil-ity(ATTD),hematobiochemical profiles,and liver gene abundance in broiler chickens.Two hundred one-day-old male ROSS-308 chicks were assigned to 4 dietary groups(5 replicates of ten birds per replicate)according to their average body weight(BW,38.0±0.11 g).All groups received a two-phase feeding program:starter,d 1–12 and grower,d 12–33.The control group(cFF0)was fed a standard commercial feed based on corn,soybean meal and soybean oil.The other three groups received diets in which the feed based on corn,soybean meal,and soybean oil was partially replaced with cFF at a substitution level of 6.25%(cFF6.25),12.5%(cFF12.5)or 25%(cFF25)for the following 33 d.Results The growth performance data showed no differences in BW or average daily gain among groups,although the average daily feed intake decreased during the grower period(12–33 d)and over entire experimental period(1–33 d)in a linear manner as the cFF inclusion level rose(P=0.026),positively affecting the gain to feed ratio(P=0.001).The ATTD of dry matter of the cFF-fed groups were greater with respect to control group and increased throughout the experimental period,whereas the ATTD of ether extract linearly decreased with increasing levels of cFF-fed groups compared with control group and throughout the experimental period(P<0.05).Additionally,a lin-ear increase in the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio,serum cholesterol,triglycerides and alanine-aminotransferase were observed with increasing dietary levels of cFF(P<0.05);however,no differences were observed in lipoprotein lipase or sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor gene abundance.Conclusions The results of this experiment demonstrate that it is possible to incorporate cFF into nutritionally balanced diets for broiler chickens,even up to 25%substitution levels,for up to 33 d without adversely impacting the overall growth performance of male broiler chickens raised under commercial conditions.Further studies are essential to validate the hematological trait findings.
基金support of the Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology Grant#3-16518 and the Research Council of Norway(321860),under the umbrella of the European Joint Programming Initiative"A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life(JPI HDHL)and of the ERA-NETCofund ERA-HDHL(GA No.696295 of the EU Horizon 2020Research and Innovation Programme)"as well as the support of the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute(Technion-Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel).Ms.L.Mashiah would also like to thank the partial support of her PhD by the Israel Scholarship Education Foundation(ISEF),Special thanks are also extended to the staff of the Smoler Proteomics Center at the Technion for their support and collaboration+1 种基金Authors P.Varela and J.Skaret also wish to thank the Norwegian Fund for Research Fees for Agricultural Products(FFL)for support,through the project"Food ForFuture(314318,2021-2024)A.Sarkar andA.Araiza Calahorra acknowledge the EAT4AGE project fundings received from[Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC),UK:BB/V018914/1]under the umbrella of the European Joint Programming Initiative"A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life"(JPI HDHL)and of theERA-NET Cofund ERA-HDHL(GANo.696295 of the EU Horizon 2020Research and Innovation Programme).
文摘The rise in life expectancies and gap between life span and health span necessitate innovative approaches,interventions,and food solutions to secure healthy aging.This study,conducted within the framework of the EAT4AGE project of the Joint Programming InitiativeA Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life',focuses on the rational design of functional foods for older adults.A co-extruded cereal prototype,fortified with two bioactive moieties,maca root powder and olive leaf extract,aims to address nutritional gaps identified in older adults,with a particular emphasis on high-quality and highly digestible proteins.Analytical determinations reveal the cereals have rich macronutrient profile exceeding 12%(m/m)protein,20%(m/m)fat,and low sugar(<5%,m/m),surpassing commercially available products with texture analyses supporting improved hardness,reduced oral friction and oral comfort.An untrained consumer panel(n=21,age 73±5)confirmed high palatability in various metrics and overall acceptability that were also affirmed through a trained sensory panel.Lastly,the product digestion was explored through an age-tailored in vitro digestion model which consistently demonstrated high protein digestibility,surpassing 80%,across all product formulations.Further,calculation of the in vitro digestible indispensable amino acid score of the product affirms its high nutritional quality.Thus,this study underscores the potential of designing palatable foods that could help promote a balanced and sustainable diet towards healthy aging.
文摘随着我国经济的快速发展,土壤环境重金属污染越来越严重。我国土壤环境污染具有区域性、流域性等复杂背景特性,不同的重金属消解方式对不同重金属性质、不同基质类型的土壤检测结果存在较大差异。为提高土壤中金属元素的检测效率和准确率,以4个土壤国家标准物质和3个参比物质为实验材料,基于微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法研究4种混合酸体系、酸比例,以及不同内标物对检测结果的影响,旨在找到一种能同时准确测定土壤中Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd的前处理方法。结果表明,4 mL HNO_(3)+1 mL HCl+1 mL HF+1 mL H_(2)O_(2)进行微波消解后,再加入0.5 mL HClO_(4)于170℃赶酸至近干,对Pb和Cr的消解效果最佳,上机时Pb、Cd以Rh为内标,Cr、Cu、Zn以Ge为内标,Ni以Sc为内标,能准确地测定土壤中Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni等6种重金属元素。Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni的方法检出限分别为0.4、0.01、1.3、0.4、1.4、0.24 mg/kg,检出限低。对标准物质进行12次测定,Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni等6种重金属元素对数偏差(ΔlgC)为0~0.04,相对标准偏差为1.5%~8.0%,精密度和正确度高。该实验方法检测数据可靠,为同时测定土壤中6种金属元素提供了一种高效准确的检测方法。
