The objective of this study was to understand the effect of long-term aconitine(AC)oral administration on the digestive tract and serum metabolism.Subjects consumed either 0.9%Na Cl(n=8)or AC(n=17)gavage designed to r...The objective of this study was to understand the effect of long-term aconitine(AC)oral administration on the digestive tract and serum metabolism.Subjects consumed either 0.9%Na Cl(n=8)or AC(n=17)gavage designed to represent human chronic AC administrations for 13 days.Organ pathology was determined using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry.Fecal and proximal intestinal content samples were collected to perform shotgun metagenomic sequencing.Serum samples were collected,and untargeted metabolomics was performed.In this study,AC administration induced proximal intestine,liver,and kidney injury.Microbiome composition remained stable after AC exposure,while several microbes presented dynamic alteration.Moreover,AC affected the abundance of the fatty acid biosynthesis rate-limiting gene acc A at day 7.AC induces 30 serum metabolites to significantly change at day 14,including several short-chain acylcarnitines.WGCNA revealed 2 sub-modules associated with the level of several short-chain acylcarnitines.In summary,AC affects the digestive tract and serum metabolism after chronic administration.AC may affect the enrichment of microbial-derived acc A gene.The abundance of serum acylcarnitines detected in the AC group may associate with its anti-heart failure effects.展开更多
The differences in the competitive reactions of hydrogarnet and quicklime when reacting with titaniumcontaining and silicon-containing minerals during the Bayer digestion process were investigated.Thermodynamic analys...The differences in the competitive reactions of hydrogarnet and quicklime when reacting with titaniumcontaining and silicon-containing minerals during the Bayer digestion process were investigated.Thermodynamic analysis,artificial mineral experiments,and an evaluation of the digestion effect of natural diasporic bauxite were conducted.The results indicate that hydrogarnet shows a preferential reaction with anatase,and this preference becomes more pronounced as the silicon saturation coefficient increases.In contrast,quicklime participates in non-selective reactions with both anatase and desilication products(DSP).The preference of hydrogarnet for anatase significantly enhances the utilization efficiency of CaO in the high-temperature Bayer digestion process.展开更多
The buttermilk was selected as a wall material to deliver the docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in this current research,including algal oil encapsulating with pure buttermilk(BMO)and its mixture(buttermilk and maltodextrin(BM...The buttermilk was selected as a wall material to deliver the docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in this current research,including algal oil encapsulating with pure buttermilk(BMO)and its mixture(buttermilk and maltodextrin(BMMO)).The results showed that the particle growth rate of BMO and BMMO was slower than that of commercial algal oil powders(CMOs)during simulated digestion in vitro.Moreover,in the Morris water maze experiment,the mice in BMO and BMMO groups took less time to find the platform compared to that in CMO group,and their DHA content in the brain was significantly higher.The immunoglobulin detection revealed that feeding BMO and BMMO could improve the immune function of rats.Therefore,buttermilk will be a potential wall material which are able to improve the digestion characteristics of algal oil and the DHA bioavailability,and these results also promote the value-added utilization of by-products in the dairy industry.展开更多
The changes and gastric digestive properties of gel were investigated for oxidiz ed myofibrillar protein(MP)(0–1 mmol/L H_(2)O_(2))treated by 30%substitution of NaCl with KCl,MgCl_(2),and KCl/MgCl_(2).Mild oxidation ...The changes and gastric digestive properties of gel were investigated for oxidiz ed myofibrillar protein(MP)(0–1 mmol/L H_(2)O_(2))treated by 30%substitution of NaCl with KCl,MgCl_(2),and KCl/MgCl_(2).Mild oxidation level(0.3 mmol/L H_(2)O_(2))facilitated the protein unfolding,and MgCl_(2)obviously intervened the protein selfassembly by forming the salt bridge and more disulfide bonds.At the same oxidation concentration,the sodium-reduced MP substituted with KCl formed dense network structure with better gel strength(increased by 6%–18%)and water retention in comparision to the gel without sodium reduction.The KCl-substituted gel chewing work was also relatively higher among the low-sodium samples at the first chewing cycle.Reversely,the relatively soft structure and lower gel viscosity in simulated oral chewing were found in MgCl_(2)-substituted gel.These changes decreased the contact limit between pepsin and protein for better gastric disintegration or pepsin diffusivity,and increased the proportion of small molecular weight peptides(25.83%,<5 kDa).Therefore,partial substitution of NaCl with other salt replacers could influence the physicochemical properties of low-sodium MP suspension or gel under different oxidation degree and the subsequent gastric digestion characteristics.展开更多
Melanoidins(MLDs),the final products of the Maillard reaction,are high molecular-weight polymers formed during the processing of black garlic.These compounds contribute to the distinctive color,flavor,and bioactive pr...Melanoidins(MLDs),the final products of the Maillard reaction,are high molecular-weight polymers formed during the processing of black garlic.These compounds contribute to the distinctive color,flavor,and bioactive properties of black garlic.However,the impact of storage conditions on the structural integrity and bioactivities of black garlic melanoidins(BG-MLDs)remains largely unexplored.By using various in vitro simulations,this study investigated the effects of different storage conditions(at 4 and 35℃for 0,3,and 6 months)on the digestion,absorption,metabolism,and intestinal microbial profile of BG-MLDs during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.Our results demonstrated that BG-MLDs resisted digestion regardless of storage conditions.BG-MLDs stored at 4℃for 3 months significantly enriched the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium longum and decreased harmful bacteria like Escherichia.Additionally,MLD treatment significantly increased the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),particularly propionate,butyrate,and isovalerate,with the 35℃for 3 months of storage showing the most significant effect(increased by 3.74-fold).However,a longer storage at 35℃(6 months)showed a decline in SCFA production.These findings highlight the critical role of a certain storage time(3 months)in preserving and potentially enhancing the prebiotic activity of BG-MLDs.By optimizing storage parameters,the bioactive potential of BG-MLDs can be used for their potential application as functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals,contributing to the prevention and management of chronic diseases associated with gut dysbiosis.展开更多
To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subseq...To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subsequently,the effect of SBOS on microbial community structure and metabolites was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results showed that SBOS was not easily enzymolyzed during simulated digestion and could reach the large intestine through the digestive system.The significant decrease in the molecular mass of SBOS after in vitro fermentation indicated its utilization by the gut microbiota,which increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,thereby reducing the pH of the fermentation broth.Moreover,the core community was found to consist of Blautia,Lactobacillaceae,and Pediococcus.SBOS up-regulated beneficial differential metabolites such as myo-inositol,lactose,and glucose,which were closely related to galactose,amino sugar,and nucleotide sugar metabolism.This study will provide a reference for exploring the relationship between the gut microbiota and the metabolites of SBOS,and provide a basis for the development and application of SBOS as an ingredient for functional products.展开更多
Yaks are well-adapted to the harsh environment of the Tibetan Plateau,and they emit less enteric methane(CH_(4))and digest poor-quality forage better than cattle.To examine the potential of yak rumen inoculum to mitig...Yaks are well-adapted to the harsh environment of the Tibetan Plateau,and they emit less enteric methane(CH_(4))and digest poor-quality forage better than cattle.To examine the potential of yak rumen inoculum to mitigate CH_(4)production and improve digestibility in cattle,we incubated substrate with rumen inoculum from yak(YRI)and cattle(CRI)in vitro in five ratios(YRI:CRI):(1)0:100(control),(2)25:75,(3)50:50,(4)75:25 and(5)100:0 for 72 h.The YRI:CRI ratios of 50:50,75:25 and 100:0 produced less total gas and CH_(4)and accumulated less hydrogen(H_(2))than0:100(control)at most time points.From 12 h onwards,there was a linear decrease(P<0.05)in carbon dioxide(CO_(2))production with increasing YRI:CRI ratio.At 72 h,the ratios of 50:50 and 75:25 had higher dry matter(+7.71%and+4.11%,respectively),as well as higher acid detergent fiber digestibility(+15.5%and+7.61%,respectively),when compared to the 0:100 ratio(P<0.05).Increasing the proportion of YRI generally increased total VFA concentrations,and,concomitantly,decreased the proportion of metabolic hydrogen([2H])incorporated into CH_(4),and decreased the recovery of[2H].The lower[2H]recovery indicates unknown[2H]sinks in the culture.Estimated Gibbs free energy changes(ΔG)for reductive acetogenesis were negative,indicating the thermodynamic feasibility of this process.It would be beneficial to identify:1)the alternative[2H]sinks,which could help mitigate CH_(4)emission,and 2)core microbes involved in fiber digestion.This experiment supported lower CH_(4)emission and greater nutrient digestibility of yaks compared to cattle.Multi-omics combined with microbial culture technologies developed in recent years could help to better understand fermentation differences among species.展开更多
Anaerobic digestion(AD)is widely employed for sludge stabilization and waste reduction.However,the slow hydrolysis process hinders methane production and leads to prolonged sludge issues.In this study,an efficient and...Anaerobic digestion(AD)is widely employed for sludge stabilization and waste reduction.However,the slow hydrolysis process hinders methane production and leads to prolonged sludge issues.In this study,an efficient and eco-friendly lysozyme pre-treatment method was utilized to address these challenges.By optimizing lysozyme dosage,hydrolysis and cell lysis were maximized.Furthermore,lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment enhanced overall efficiency.Results indicate that:(1)When lysozyme dosage reached 90 mg/g TS after 240 min of pretreatment,SCOD,soluble polysaccharides,and protein content reached their maxima at 855.00,44.09,and 204.86 mg/L,respectively.This represented an increase of 85.87%,365.58%,and 259.21%compared to the untreated sludge.Threedimensional fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the highest fluorescence intensity in the IV region(soluble microbial product),promoting microbial metabolic activity.(2)Lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment significantly increased SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release from sludge,reducing SCOD release time.Orthogonal experiments identified Group 3 as the most effective for SCOD and soluble polysaccharide release,while Group 9 released the most soluble proteins.The significance order of factors influencing SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release is hydrothermal temperature>hydrothermal time>enzymatic digestion time.(3)The lysozyme-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment group exhibited the fastest release and the highest SCOD concentration of 8,135.00 mg/L during anaerobic digestion.Maximum SCOD consumption and cumulative gas production increased by 95.89%and 130.58%,respectively,compared to the control group,allowing gas production to conclude 3 days earlier.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the article by Qin et al,recently published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.Malignant tumors of the digestive tract represent a significant health threat.Kinesin famil...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Qin et al,recently published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.Malignant tumors of the digestive tract represent a significant health threat.Kinesin family member 14(KIF14),a critical kinesin,is pivotal in the proliferation,migration,and invasion of tumor cells.It has emerged as a focal point in recent studies of malignant tumors in the digestive tract.This article reviews the current research on KIF14 within these tumors and details its significant role in tumor cell behaviors,including proliferation,apo-ptosis,migration,invasion,and angiogenesis,alongside the regulatory mechanisms of the associated intracellular signaling pathways.Additionally,it explores the clinical value of KIF14 as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis,disease monitoring,and prognostic evaluation in malignant tumors of the digestive tract.The article concludes by introducing the potential regulatory role of traditional Chinese medicine,aiming to combine the strengths of both modern and traditional medical approaches to enhance treatment outcomes and prognosis for patients with these tumors.展开更多
Leveraging unique resource advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to achieve innovative breakthroughs in research constitutes a core strategic imperative for its inheritance,innovation and development.At prese...Leveraging unique resource advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to achieve innovative breakthroughs in research constitutes a core strategic imperative for its inheritance,innovation and development.At present,the academic advances and scientific achievements in TCM serve as a key driving force for industry growth and advancement of the inheritance and innovation of TCM.To continuously strengthen the leading role of academic research,the China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM)attaches great importance to the latest research directions and academic results in TCM,and spotlights key advances and emerging trends in TCM scholarship.Since 2020,CACM has conducted the selection and release of the“top 10 academic advances in traditional Chinese medicine”on a yearly basis.The selection of“top 10 academic advances in traditional Chinese medicine in 2024”prioritized research that addresses clinical needs,answers scientific questions and drives industrial development.Highlighting exploratory,forward-looking,innovative and groundbreaking achievements,the following 10 breakthroughs were selected through a process of collection,systematic review and expert evaluation:New advances in prevention and treatment of digestive system diseases with“brain-gut”cross-organ strategy,high-level evidence support for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease(CVD)continuum with TCM,important breakthrough in the research on prevention and treatment of acute radiation injury with TCM,elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying“excellent shape and high quality”variation in cultivated American ginseng through domestication,biosynthesis of trace active ingredients such as benzylisoquinoline alkaloids,pilot application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,research technology for unelucidated constituents of TCM,new drug delivery system in TCM,and establishment and preliminary application of integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCM(iEC-Eff).展开更多
Developing methods for detection contaminants in drinking water is essential to ensuring that safe and acceptable qual-ity drinking water is delivered to consumers.While manganese(Mn)was previously known only as a mer...Developing methods for detection contaminants in drinking water is essential to ensuring that safe and acceptable qual-ity drinking water is delivered to consumers.While manganese(Mn)was previously known only as a mere aesthetic issue,recent epidemiological data has shown to have negative neurological effects on humans,especially on children,prompting new health-based guidelines by Health Canada and the World Health Organization.In drinking water,Mn exists predomi-nantly as Mn(II)and Mn(IV),and is regulated based on total Mn levels.Interestingly,measurement of Mn particulate using electroanalytical methods has not yet been reported in the literature.Herein,a digestion procedure for insoluble manga-nese dioxide(MnO_(2))using ferrous(Fe^(2+))ions was optimized in preparation for Mn detection by cyclic voltammetry(CV).Digestion conditions including concentration of Fe^(2+)ions,pH and digestion time were explored and optimized.Digestion of MnO_(2)was found to be successful in both perfect and imperfect stoichiometric ratios;however,digestion was shown to be most effective in perfect stoichiometric conditions.CV proved to be an effective technique for the detection of different particulate Mn concentrations with good reproducibility using glassy carbon electrodes.According to the CV data,the detection limits of 0.3 mmol·L^(-1)and 0.1 mmol·L^(-1)for MnO_(2)were determined after the digestion time of 4.5 h and 24 h,re-spectively.The digestion method,in addition to CV detection,was found to be impacted by the presences of Cu^(2+)and Fe^(3+)ions.This interference suggests that this method may offer value as a multi-plexed technique.The Mn reduction signal was found to be enhanced in the presence of Mn^(2+),indicating that this method has the potential to be used to detect soluble and insoluble Mn species simultaneously.These digestion and detection methods are simple and reproducible methods which introduce the opportunity for total Mn detection in drinking water.展开更多
Gene expression and the content of hormones regulating feed intake and digestion are crucial for understanding gastric evacuation(GE)and feeding frequency in fish.This study assessed the effects of temperature and siz...Gene expression and the content of hormones regulating feed intake and digestion are crucial for understanding gastric evacuation(GE)and feeding frequency in fish.This study assessed the effects of temperature and size on these parameters by examining the domestication of steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)at four temperatures(8℃,12℃,16℃,and 20℃)and with two sizes(75.99 g±10.48 g and 140.21 g±22.08 g)over two weeks.The trout were fasted for 72 h before the GE trial to ensure complete gastric emptying.In each GE trial,the expressions of peptide tyrosine(PYY),cholecystokinin(CCK),and ghrelin genes,along with corresponding serum hormone levels,were measured before feeding and at 0 h and 24 h after feeding,in conjunction with feed intake and 24-h gastric content mass.Results revealed significant effects of temperature on the expression of the three gastric genes.CCK expression increased at 8℃,correlating with reduced feed intake,while PYY and CCK increased at 20℃,correlating with accelerated gastric evacuation.Size significantly influenced serum levels of all three hormones,but the interaction between temperature and size did not affect PYY and ghrelin expression or their serum contents.This study provides molecular insights into how temperature and size regulate the digestion of steelhead trout,offering a theoretical framework for optimizing feeding frequency in aquaculture practices.展开更多
As a new type of pollutant,the harm caused by microplastics(MPs)to organisms has been the research focus.Recently,the proportion of MPs ingested through the digestive tract has gradually increased with the popularity ...As a new type of pollutant,the harm caused by microplastics(MPs)to organisms has been the research focus.Recently,the proportion of MPs ingested through the digestive tract has gradually increased with the popularity of fast-food products,such as takeout.The damage to the digestive system has attracted increasing attention.We reviewed the literature regarding toxicity of MPs and observed that they have different effects on multiple organs of the digestive system.The mechanism may be related to the toxic effects of MPs themselves,interactions with various substances in the biological body,and participation in various signaling pathways to induce adverse reactions as a carrier of toxins to increase the time and amount of body absorption.Based on the toxicity mechanism of MPs,we propose specific suggestions to provide a theoretical reference for the government and relevant departments.展开更多
Background Exogenous xylanase can increase utilization of fiber and energy when included in diets for pigs,and xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)may improve growth performance of pigs by modulating intestinal fermentation.How...Background Exogenous xylanase can increase utilization of fiber and energy when included in diets for pigs,and xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)may improve growth performance of pigs by modulating intestinal fermentation.However,it is unclear if a stimbiotic(i.e.,a combination of xylanase and XOS)has superior effects compared with a xylanase alone,and there is a lack of data demonstrating if xylanase fed to lactating sows influences growth performance of weanling pigs.Therefore,two hypotheses were tested:1)xylanase and stimbiotic improve growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of gross energy(GE)and total dietary fiber(TDF),digestible energy(DE),and intestinal health of weanling pigs and 2)offspring of sows fed xylanase in lactation have greater growth performance after weaning than offspring of sows fed no xylanase during lactation.Methods One hundred and twenty pigs were weaned from sows fed a diet without xylanase,and 120 pigs were weaned from sows fed a lactation diet containing 16,000 beechwood xylanase units per kg(initial weight:5.81±0.50 kg).Pigs were allotted to a 2×3 factorial with two sow groups(lactation diet without or with xylanase)and three dietary treatments(i.e.,control,control plus xylanase,or control plus stimbiotic).Results There were no interactions between sow treatment and post-weaning pig treatment,and sow treatment did not impact post-weaning growth or ATTD of GE and TDF in weaned pigs.From d 15 to 28 post-weaning,the ADG,G:F,ATTD of GE and TDF,and concentration of DE were greater(P<0.05)for pigs fed the diet with stimbiotic than if fed the xylanase diet or the control diet,and pigs fed the xylanase diet had greater(P<0.05)ADG,G:F,ATTD of GE and TDF,and concentration of DE than pigs fed the control diet.From d 29 to 42 post-weaning,pigs fed the diets with xylanase or stimbiotic had greater(P<0.05)ADG,ATTD of GE and TDF,and DE than pigs fed the control diet.Conclusions Pigs fed xylanase or stimbiotic had greater ATTD of GE and TDF,greater DE,and greater overall ADG,G:F,and final body weight on d 42 post-weaning than pigs fed the control diet,but feeding sows xylanase in lactation did not influence post-weaning growth performance.展开更多
In this study,naringin was encapsulated in microspheres and its simulated digestive behavior in vitro was examined.Then naringin microspheres was added in yogurt to investigate the rheology and antioxidant activities....In this study,naringin was encapsulated in microspheres and its simulated digestive behavior in vitro was examined.Then naringin microspheres was added in yogurt to investigate the rheology and antioxidant activities.The results indicated that encapsulating naringin in microspheres delayed its digestion in the stomach,allowing more release in the intestinal part.All kinds of yogurt were solid-like in nature and the addition of microspheres increased the elastic modulus and viscosity.The naringin and microspheres incorporation enhanced the total phenolic content of the yogurt to 6.7 and 8.8 mg of gallic acid equivalent/mL,respectively.All kinds of yogurt demonstrated more than 80%scavenging ability for hydroxyl radicals at 20μL whey/mL.The addition of microspheres improved the DPPH radical scavenging ability of yogurt.This study provides a new idea for the application of polyphenols in food and the development of functional yogurt.展开更多
Background Organic acids(OA)and maternal nutritional strategies have been demonstrated to promote piglet health and development.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating OA-preserved ...Background Organic acids(OA)and maternal nutritional strategies have been demonstrated to promote piglet health and development.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating OA-preserved cereal grains into sow diets during late gestation and lactation,aiming to reduce the metabolic demands of lactation while optimising offspring development and growth until slaughter.The experiment compared OA-preserved wheat and barley to conventionally dried grains,focusing on sow and offspring performance,as well as their faecal microbiota during lactation.Forty sows were blocked based on parity,body weight and back fat thickness on d 100 of gestation and assigned to one of two diets:a dried grain lactation diet and a preserved grain lactation diet.Sow faecal samples were collected at farrowing for the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility(CATTD)of nutrients and microbial analysis.Offspring faecal samples were collected on d 10 postpartum and at weaning(d 26 postpartum)for microbial analysis.Results Sow body weight,back fat changes,gestation and lactation length,total piglets born,wean-to-oestrus interval,and lactation efficiency were unaffected by sow diet(P>0.05).However,sows offered the preserved grain diet exhibited improved CATTD of dry matter,nitrogen,gross energy,and neutral detergent fibre(P<0.05).While no maternal effect was observed on offspring growth during lactation(P>0.05),pigs from sows offered the preserved grain diet showed improved growth and feed efficiency from weaning until slaughter(d 168)compared to those from sows offered the dried grain diet(P<0.05).The preserved grain diet also reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria in sow faeces at farrowing and in their offspring on d 10 postpartum,and improved piglet faecal scores throughout lactation(P=0.05).At weaning,piglets from sows offered the preserved grain diet exhibited an increased abundance of Lactobacillus and reduced abundance of Alistipes in their faeces(P<0.05).Conclusion OA-preserved grains enhanced the CATTD of nutrients in sows,promoted healthier piglet faecal scores during lactation,and improved offspring growth performance post-weaning,potentially linked to beneficial changes observed in the faecal microbiota of sows and their offspring during lactation.展开更多
During the era of Middle Ages,throughout Europe,a mulled or spiced wine commonly consumed at the end of a meal as a digestive,sweetened with honey or containing sugar,named“Hyppocras”(or hypocras,hippocras,ypocras,i...During the era of Middle Ages,throughout Europe,a mulled or spiced wine commonly consumed at the end of a meal as a digestive,sweetened with honey or containing sugar,named“Hyppocras”(or hypocras,hippocras,ypocras,ipocras,Latin:Vinum Hippocraticum),was the most famous aperitif,having also a cluster of supposedly drug qualities[1,2].Hyppocras was regularly served as a digestive at the end of the meal,becoming symbolically the ceremonial conclusion of any banquet since 14th century[3].Evidence of the high regard Hyppocras enjoyed among the medieval lore is testified by the fact that a recipe of the wine enriched with rosewater and raisins,survived within the work“On Wines”written by one on the most esteemed physicians of the 13th century.展开更多
PuraStat®is a novel self-assembling peptide(SAP)used as a haemostatic agent in endoscopy,with widespread application in surgical settings.While the current evidence,though deserving further expansion,demonstrates...PuraStat®is a novel self-assembling peptide(SAP)used as a haemostatic agent in endoscopy,with widespread application in surgical settings.While the current evidence,though deserving further expansion,demonstrates a good haemostatic performance profile for this substance,there remains significant heterogeneity among studies,and an analysis of this SAP as monotherapy is not always available.The recent study by Bellester et al in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy provided an optimal effectiveness profile of this SAP in 45 patients treated for gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding,particularly highlighting data on its use as monotherapy in upper GI bleeding.This invited article outlines the current evidence on PuraStat®and offers a commentary on the recently published study.展开更多
Digestive health is important for overall well-being,but gut health problems are common in the Chinese population.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended form...Digestive health is important for overall well-being,but gut health problems are common in the Chinese population.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas in humans on digestive health by assessing defecation frequency,defecation symptoms,stool quality,self-reported digestive feelings,defecation satisfaction,and gut bacteria.A parallel,randomized,double-blind,controlled trial was conducted in 168 eligible adults randomized to 3 groups for 14 days:Intervention groups A and B received 2 different doses of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas and a Control group received oatβ-glucan mixed with hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose.Participants completed a defecation diary and Bristol stool chart daily and digestive system questionnaires weekly.Fecal samples were collected on day 0 and day 14 to evaluate gut bacteria using 16S rDNA analysis.Both formulas improved defecation frequency,stool quality,defecation symptoms,defecation satisfaction,and on digestive health of human,compared with baseline(P<0.05).Both formulas led to increased quantities of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia bacteria,compared to control,on day 14.This study therefore demonstrated the beneficial effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas on gut health in generally healthy Chinese adults.These formulas are a feasible nutritional strategy for digestive health.展开更多
Background The diverse types and processing methods of grains intricately influence the sites and digestibility of starch digestion,thereby impacting energy utilization.This study aimed to explore the impact of grain ...Background The diverse types and processing methods of grains intricately influence the sites and digestibility of starch digestion,thereby impacting energy utilization.This study aimed to explore the impact of grain variety and processing methods on the net energy(NE)in dairy goats,analyzing these effects at the level of nutrient digestion and metabolism.Methods Eighteen castrated Guanzhong dairy goats(44.25±3.59 kg BW)were randomly divided into 3 groups,each consisting of 6 replicates.The substitution method was employed to determine the NE values of the dry-rolled corn(DRC),dry-rolled wheat(DRW)or steam-flaked corn(SFC,360 g/L).Briefly,two phases were performed.Throughout the basal phase,all goats were fed the same basal diet.In the substitution phase,30%of the basal diet was replaced with DRC,DRW and SFC,respectively.Results In this study,the NE values of the DRC,DRW and SFC were 7.65,7.54 and 7.44 MJ/kg DM,respectively.Compared to the DRC group,the DRW group showed increased digestibility of starch and crude protein(CP).Similarly,the SFC group exhibited increased organic matter(OM)and starch digestibility and a trend towards higher dry matter(DM)digestibility,reduced fecal OM and starch content.Additionally,fecal volatile fatty acid(VFA)concentrations decreased in goats fed SFC.Correspondingly,digestible energy(DE)in the DRW and SFC groups tended to be higher than in the DRC group.DRW increased total VFA concentration compared to DRC,while SFC increased the proportion of propionate and decreased the acetate-to-propionate ratio in the rumen.Both the DRW and SFC diets elevated serum glucose levels.Furthermore,heat increment(HI)and gaseous energy(Gas E)related to fermentation were significantly higher in the DRW and SFC groups compared to the DRC group.Conclusion Our findings indicated that DRW and SFC increased rumen starch fermentation in goats,thereby improving total tract starch digestion and DE.However,DRW and SFC failed to improve NE value due to increased heat and gas energy production from fermentation.Therefore,excessively refined grains processing in the diet of dairy goats does not effectively improve energy efficiency.展开更多
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-055)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82471925)。
文摘The objective of this study was to understand the effect of long-term aconitine(AC)oral administration on the digestive tract and serum metabolism.Subjects consumed either 0.9%Na Cl(n=8)or AC(n=17)gavage designed to represent human chronic AC administrations for 13 days.Organ pathology was determined using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry.Fecal and proximal intestinal content samples were collected to perform shotgun metagenomic sequencing.Serum samples were collected,and untargeted metabolomics was performed.In this study,AC administration induced proximal intestine,liver,and kidney injury.Microbiome composition remained stable after AC exposure,while several microbes presented dynamic alteration.Moreover,AC affected the abundance of the fatty acid biosynthesis rate-limiting gene acc A at day 7.AC induces 30 serum metabolites to significantly change at day 14,including several short-chain acylcarnitines.WGCNA revealed 2 sub-modules associated with the level of several short-chain acylcarnitines.In summary,AC affects the digestive tract and serum metabolism after chronic administration.AC may affect the enrichment of microbial-derived acc A gene.The abundance of serum acylcarnitines detected in the AC group may associate with its anti-heart failure effects.
基金the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2022JJ40616)。
文摘The differences in the competitive reactions of hydrogarnet and quicklime when reacting with titaniumcontaining and silicon-containing minerals during the Bayer digestion process were investigated.Thermodynamic analysis,artificial mineral experiments,and an evaluation of the digestion effect of natural diasporic bauxite were conducted.The results indicate that hydrogarnet shows a preferential reaction with anatase,and this preference becomes more pronounced as the silicon saturation coefficient increases.In contrast,quicklime participates in non-selective reactions with both anatase and desilication products(DSP).The preference of hydrogarnet for anatase significantly enhances the utilization efficiency of CaO in the high-temperature Bayer digestion process.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172190)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System-National Dairy Industry and Technology System(CARS-36)the National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy(2022-10).
文摘The buttermilk was selected as a wall material to deliver the docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in this current research,including algal oil encapsulating with pure buttermilk(BMO)and its mixture(buttermilk and maltodextrin(BMMO)).The results showed that the particle growth rate of BMO and BMMO was slower than that of commercial algal oil powders(CMOs)during simulated digestion in vitro.Moreover,in the Morris water maze experiment,the mice in BMO and BMMO groups took less time to find the platform compared to that in CMO group,and their DHA content in the brain was significantly higher.The immunoglobulin detection revealed that feeding BMO and BMMO could improve the immune function of rats.Therefore,buttermilk will be a potential wall material which are able to improve the digestion characteristics of algal oil and the DHA bioavailability,and these results also promote the value-added utilization of by-products in the dairy industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172257)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(DL2022163005L)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Qingyuan(2022KJJH018)the Postdoctoral Innovative Talent Support Program(BX20230130)the 111 Project(B17018).
文摘The changes and gastric digestive properties of gel were investigated for oxidiz ed myofibrillar protein(MP)(0–1 mmol/L H_(2)O_(2))treated by 30%substitution of NaCl with KCl,MgCl_(2),and KCl/MgCl_(2).Mild oxidation level(0.3 mmol/L H_(2)O_(2))facilitated the protein unfolding,and MgCl_(2)obviously intervened the protein selfassembly by forming the salt bridge and more disulfide bonds.At the same oxidation concentration,the sodium-reduced MP substituted with KCl formed dense network structure with better gel strength(increased by 6%–18%)and water retention in comparision to the gel without sodium reduction.The KCl-substituted gel chewing work was also relatively higher among the low-sodium samples at the first chewing cycle.Reversely,the relatively soft structure and lower gel viscosity in simulated oral chewing were found in MgCl_(2)-substituted gel.These changes decreased the contact limit between pepsin and protein for better gastric disintegration or pepsin diffusivity,and increased the proportion of small molecular weight peptides(25.83%,<5 kDa).Therefore,partial substitution of NaCl with other salt replacers could influence the physicochemical properties of low-sodium MP suspension or gel under different oxidation degree and the subsequent gastric digestion characteristics.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF1104302)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022YFSY0030).
文摘Melanoidins(MLDs),the final products of the Maillard reaction,are high molecular-weight polymers formed during the processing of black garlic.These compounds contribute to the distinctive color,flavor,and bioactive properties of black garlic.However,the impact of storage conditions on the structural integrity and bioactivities of black garlic melanoidins(BG-MLDs)remains largely unexplored.By using various in vitro simulations,this study investigated the effects of different storage conditions(at 4 and 35℃for 0,3,and 6 months)on the digestion,absorption,metabolism,and intestinal microbial profile of BG-MLDs during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.Our results demonstrated that BG-MLDs resisted digestion regardless of storage conditions.BG-MLDs stored at 4℃for 3 months significantly enriched the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium longum and decreased harmful bacteria like Escherichia.Additionally,MLD treatment significantly increased the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),particularly propionate,butyrate,and isovalerate,with the 35℃for 3 months of storage showing the most significant effect(increased by 3.74-fold).However,a longer storage at 35℃(6 months)showed a decline in SCFA production.These findings highlight the critical role of a certain storage time(3 months)in preserving and potentially enhancing the prebiotic activity of BG-MLDs.By optimizing storage parameters,the bioactive potential of BG-MLDs can be used for their potential application as functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals,contributing to the prevention and management of chronic diseases associated with gut dysbiosis.
文摘To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subsequently,the effect of SBOS on microbial community structure and metabolites was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results showed that SBOS was not easily enzymolyzed during simulated digestion and could reach the large intestine through the digestive system.The significant decrease in the molecular mass of SBOS after in vitro fermentation indicated its utilization by the gut microbiota,which increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,thereby reducing the pH of the fermentation broth.Moreover,the core community was found to consist of Blautia,Lactobacillaceae,and Pediococcus.SBOS up-regulated beneficial differential metabolites such as myo-inositol,lactose,and glucose,which were closely related to galactose,amino sugar,and nucleotide sugar metabolism.This study will provide a reference for exploring the relationship between the gut microbiota and the metabolites of SBOS,and provide a basis for the development and application of SBOS as an ingredient for functional products.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072757 and U21A20250)。
文摘Yaks are well-adapted to the harsh environment of the Tibetan Plateau,and they emit less enteric methane(CH_(4))and digest poor-quality forage better than cattle.To examine the potential of yak rumen inoculum to mitigate CH_(4)production and improve digestibility in cattle,we incubated substrate with rumen inoculum from yak(YRI)and cattle(CRI)in vitro in five ratios(YRI:CRI):(1)0:100(control),(2)25:75,(3)50:50,(4)75:25 and(5)100:0 for 72 h.The YRI:CRI ratios of 50:50,75:25 and 100:0 produced less total gas and CH_(4)and accumulated less hydrogen(H_(2))than0:100(control)at most time points.From 12 h onwards,there was a linear decrease(P<0.05)in carbon dioxide(CO_(2))production with increasing YRI:CRI ratio.At 72 h,the ratios of 50:50 and 75:25 had higher dry matter(+7.71%and+4.11%,respectively),as well as higher acid detergent fiber digestibility(+15.5%and+7.61%,respectively),when compared to the 0:100 ratio(P<0.05).Increasing the proportion of YRI generally increased total VFA concentrations,and,concomitantly,decreased the proportion of metabolic hydrogen([2H])incorporated into CH_(4),and decreased the recovery of[2H].The lower[2H]recovery indicates unknown[2H]sinks in the culture.Estimated Gibbs free energy changes(ΔG)for reductive acetogenesis were negative,indicating the thermodynamic feasibility of this process.It would be beneficial to identify:1)the alternative[2H]sinks,which could help mitigate CH_(4)emission,and 2)core microbes involved in fiber digestion.This experiment supported lower CH_(4)emission and greater nutrient digestibility of yaks compared to cattle.Multi-omics combined with microbial culture technologies developed in recent years could help to better understand fermentation differences among species.
文摘Anaerobic digestion(AD)is widely employed for sludge stabilization and waste reduction.However,the slow hydrolysis process hinders methane production and leads to prolonged sludge issues.In this study,an efficient and eco-friendly lysozyme pre-treatment method was utilized to address these challenges.By optimizing lysozyme dosage,hydrolysis and cell lysis were maximized.Furthermore,lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment enhanced overall efficiency.Results indicate that:(1)When lysozyme dosage reached 90 mg/g TS after 240 min of pretreatment,SCOD,soluble polysaccharides,and protein content reached their maxima at 855.00,44.09,and 204.86 mg/L,respectively.This represented an increase of 85.87%,365.58%,and 259.21%compared to the untreated sludge.Threedimensional fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the highest fluorescence intensity in the IV region(soluble microbial product),promoting microbial metabolic activity.(2)Lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment significantly increased SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release from sludge,reducing SCOD release time.Orthogonal experiments identified Group 3 as the most effective for SCOD and soluble polysaccharide release,while Group 9 released the most soluble proteins.The significance order of factors influencing SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release is hydrothermal temperature>hydrothermal time>enzymatic digestion time.(3)The lysozyme-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment group exhibited the fastest release and the highest SCOD concentration of 8,135.00 mg/L during anaerobic digestion.Maximum SCOD consumption and cumulative gas production increased by 95.89%and 130.58%,respectively,compared to the control group,allowing gas production to conclude 3 days earlier.
基金Supported by the 2023 Government-funded Project of the Outstanding Talents Training Program in Clinical Medicine,No.ZF2023165Key Research and Development Projects of Hebei Province,No.18277731D+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.H202423105Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Scientific Research Project,No.2020014.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Qin et al,recently published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.Malignant tumors of the digestive tract represent a significant health threat.Kinesin family member 14(KIF14),a critical kinesin,is pivotal in the proliferation,migration,and invasion of tumor cells.It has emerged as a focal point in recent studies of malignant tumors in the digestive tract.This article reviews the current research on KIF14 within these tumors and details its significant role in tumor cell behaviors,including proliferation,apo-ptosis,migration,invasion,and angiogenesis,alongside the regulatory mechanisms of the associated intracellular signaling pathways.Additionally,it explores the clinical value of KIF14 as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis,disease monitoring,and prognostic evaluation in malignant tumors of the digestive tract.The article concludes by introducing the potential regulatory role of traditional Chinese medicine,aiming to combine the strengths of both modern and traditional medical approaches to enhance treatment outcomes and prognosis for patients with these tumors.
基金supported by the Project of Map of Scientific and Technological Talents in the Field of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.XMSB20240923106).
文摘Leveraging unique resource advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to achieve innovative breakthroughs in research constitutes a core strategic imperative for its inheritance,innovation and development.At present,the academic advances and scientific achievements in TCM serve as a key driving force for industry growth and advancement of the inheritance and innovation of TCM.To continuously strengthen the leading role of academic research,the China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM)attaches great importance to the latest research directions and academic results in TCM,and spotlights key advances and emerging trends in TCM scholarship.Since 2020,CACM has conducted the selection and release of the“top 10 academic advances in traditional Chinese medicine”on a yearly basis.The selection of“top 10 academic advances in traditional Chinese medicine in 2024”prioritized research that addresses clinical needs,answers scientific questions and drives industrial development.Highlighting exploratory,forward-looking,innovative and groundbreaking achievements,the following 10 breakthroughs were selected through a process of collection,systematic review and expert evaluation:New advances in prevention and treatment of digestive system diseases with“brain-gut”cross-organ strategy,high-level evidence support for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease(CVD)continuum with TCM,important breakthrough in the research on prevention and treatment of acute radiation injury with TCM,elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying“excellent shape and high quality”variation in cultivated American ginseng through domestication,biosynthesis of trace active ingredients such as benzylisoquinoline alkaloids,pilot application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,research technology for unelucidated constituents of TCM,new drug delivery system in TCM,and establishment and preliminary application of integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCM(iEC-Eff).
基金financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through the Discovery Grant programsupports from the Department of Chemistry,the Department of Civil Engineering,and Beaty Water Research Centre。
文摘Developing methods for detection contaminants in drinking water is essential to ensuring that safe and acceptable qual-ity drinking water is delivered to consumers.While manganese(Mn)was previously known only as a mere aesthetic issue,recent epidemiological data has shown to have negative neurological effects on humans,especially on children,prompting new health-based guidelines by Health Canada and the World Health Organization.In drinking water,Mn exists predomi-nantly as Mn(II)and Mn(IV),and is regulated based on total Mn levels.Interestingly,measurement of Mn particulate using electroanalytical methods has not yet been reported in the literature.Herein,a digestion procedure for insoluble manga-nese dioxide(MnO_(2))using ferrous(Fe^(2+))ions was optimized in preparation for Mn detection by cyclic voltammetry(CV).Digestion conditions including concentration of Fe^(2+)ions,pH and digestion time were explored and optimized.Digestion of MnO_(2)was found to be successful in both perfect and imperfect stoichiometric ratios;however,digestion was shown to be most effective in perfect stoichiometric conditions.CV proved to be an effective technique for the detection of different particulate Mn concentrations with good reproducibility using glassy carbon electrodes.According to the CV data,the detection limits of 0.3 mmol·L^(-1)and 0.1 mmol·L^(-1)for MnO_(2)were determined after the digestion time of 4.5 h and 24 h,re-spectively.The digestion method,in addition to CV detection,was found to be impacted by the presences of Cu^(2+)and Fe^(3+)ions.This interference suggests that this method may offer value as a multi-plexed technique.The Mn reduction signal was found to be enhanced in the presence of Mn^(2+),indicating that this method has the potential to be used to detect soluble and insoluble Mn species simultaneously.These digestion and detection methods are simple and reproducible methods which introduce the opportunity for total Mn detection in drinking water.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2024YFD2400300 and 2019YFD0901000)the Natural National Science Foundation of China(No.32373104).
文摘Gene expression and the content of hormones regulating feed intake and digestion are crucial for understanding gastric evacuation(GE)and feeding frequency in fish.This study assessed the effects of temperature and size on these parameters by examining the domestication of steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)at four temperatures(8℃,12℃,16℃,and 20℃)and with two sizes(75.99 g±10.48 g and 140.21 g±22.08 g)over two weeks.The trout were fasted for 72 h before the GE trial to ensure complete gastric emptying.In each GE trial,the expressions of peptide tyrosine(PYY),cholecystokinin(CCK),and ghrelin genes,along with corresponding serum hormone levels,were measured before feeding and at 0 h and 24 h after feeding,in conjunction with feed intake and 24-h gastric content mass.Results revealed significant effects of temperature on the expression of the three gastric genes.CCK expression increased at 8℃,correlating with reduced feed intake,while PYY and CCK increased at 20℃,correlating with accelerated gastric evacuation.Size significantly influenced serum levels of all three hormones,but the interaction between temperature and size did not affect PYY and ghrelin expression or their serum contents.This study provides molecular insights into how temperature and size regulate the digestion of steelhead trout,offering a theoretical framework for optimizing feeding frequency in aquaculture practices.
文摘As a new type of pollutant,the harm caused by microplastics(MPs)to organisms has been the research focus.Recently,the proportion of MPs ingested through the digestive tract has gradually increased with the popularity of fast-food products,such as takeout.The damage to the digestive system has attracted increasing attention.We reviewed the literature regarding toxicity of MPs and observed that they have different effects on multiple organs of the digestive system.The mechanism may be related to the toxic effects of MPs themselves,interactions with various substances in the biological body,and participation in various signaling pathways to induce adverse reactions as a carrier of toxins to increase the time and amount of body absorption.Based on the toxicity mechanism of MPs,we propose specific suggestions to provide a theoretical reference for the government and relevant departments.
基金financial support for this research by AB Vista,Marlborough,UK,is greatly appreciated.
文摘Background Exogenous xylanase can increase utilization of fiber and energy when included in diets for pigs,and xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)may improve growth performance of pigs by modulating intestinal fermentation.However,it is unclear if a stimbiotic(i.e.,a combination of xylanase and XOS)has superior effects compared with a xylanase alone,and there is a lack of data demonstrating if xylanase fed to lactating sows influences growth performance of weanling pigs.Therefore,two hypotheses were tested:1)xylanase and stimbiotic improve growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of gross energy(GE)and total dietary fiber(TDF),digestible energy(DE),and intestinal health of weanling pigs and 2)offspring of sows fed xylanase in lactation have greater growth performance after weaning than offspring of sows fed no xylanase during lactation.Methods One hundred and twenty pigs were weaned from sows fed a diet without xylanase,and 120 pigs were weaned from sows fed a lactation diet containing 16,000 beechwood xylanase units per kg(initial weight:5.81±0.50 kg).Pigs were allotted to a 2×3 factorial with two sow groups(lactation diet without or with xylanase)and three dietary treatments(i.e.,control,control plus xylanase,or control plus stimbiotic).Results There were no interactions between sow treatment and post-weaning pig treatment,and sow treatment did not impact post-weaning growth or ATTD of GE and TDF in weaned pigs.From d 15 to 28 post-weaning,the ADG,G:F,ATTD of GE and TDF,and concentration of DE were greater(P<0.05)for pigs fed the diet with stimbiotic than if fed the xylanase diet or the control diet,and pigs fed the xylanase diet had greater(P<0.05)ADG,G:F,ATTD of GE and TDF,and concentration of DE than pigs fed the control diet.From d 29 to 42 post-weaning,pigs fed the diets with xylanase or stimbiotic had greater(P<0.05)ADG,ATTD of GE and TDF,and DE than pigs fed the control diet.Conclusions Pigs fed xylanase or stimbiotic had greater ATTD of GE and TDF,greater DE,and greater overall ADG,G:F,and final body weight on d 42 post-weaning than pigs fed the control diet,but feeding sows xylanase in lactation did not influence post-weaning growth performance.
基金funded by the People’s Livelihood Plan Project of Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province(2021JH2/10300069,2019-ZD-0845)the Department of Education of Liaoning Province(Natural Science,Strategic Industrialization Project,LJ212410163061)the Liaoning Province College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202410163077).
文摘In this study,naringin was encapsulated in microspheres and its simulated digestive behavior in vitro was examined.Then naringin microspheres was added in yogurt to investigate the rheology and antioxidant activities.The results indicated that encapsulating naringin in microspheres delayed its digestion in the stomach,allowing more release in the intestinal part.All kinds of yogurt were solid-like in nature and the addition of microspheres increased the elastic modulus and viscosity.The naringin and microspheres incorporation enhanced the total phenolic content of the yogurt to 6.7 and 8.8 mg of gallic acid equivalent/mL,respectively.All kinds of yogurt demonstrated more than 80%scavenging ability for hydroxyl radicals at 20μL whey/mL.The addition of microspheres improved the DPPH radical scavenging ability of yogurt.This study provides a new idea for the application of polyphenols in food and the development of functional yogurt.
基金funded by the Science Foundation Ireland(BiOrbic,Dublin,Ireland)and Adesco Nutricines(Dungarvan,Waterford,Ireland)under grant number 16/RC/3889。
文摘Background Organic acids(OA)and maternal nutritional strategies have been demonstrated to promote piglet health and development.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating OA-preserved cereal grains into sow diets during late gestation and lactation,aiming to reduce the metabolic demands of lactation while optimising offspring development and growth until slaughter.The experiment compared OA-preserved wheat and barley to conventionally dried grains,focusing on sow and offspring performance,as well as their faecal microbiota during lactation.Forty sows were blocked based on parity,body weight and back fat thickness on d 100 of gestation and assigned to one of two diets:a dried grain lactation diet and a preserved grain lactation diet.Sow faecal samples were collected at farrowing for the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility(CATTD)of nutrients and microbial analysis.Offspring faecal samples were collected on d 10 postpartum and at weaning(d 26 postpartum)for microbial analysis.Results Sow body weight,back fat changes,gestation and lactation length,total piglets born,wean-to-oestrus interval,and lactation efficiency were unaffected by sow diet(P>0.05).However,sows offered the preserved grain diet exhibited improved CATTD of dry matter,nitrogen,gross energy,and neutral detergent fibre(P<0.05).While no maternal effect was observed on offspring growth during lactation(P>0.05),pigs from sows offered the preserved grain diet showed improved growth and feed efficiency from weaning until slaughter(d 168)compared to those from sows offered the dried grain diet(P<0.05).The preserved grain diet also reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria in sow faeces at farrowing and in their offspring on d 10 postpartum,and improved piglet faecal scores throughout lactation(P=0.05).At weaning,piglets from sows offered the preserved grain diet exhibited an increased abundance of Lactobacillus and reduced abundance of Alistipes in their faeces(P<0.05).Conclusion OA-preserved grains enhanced the CATTD of nutrients in sows,promoted healthier piglet faecal scores during lactation,and improved offspring growth performance post-weaning,potentially linked to beneficial changes observed in the faecal microbiota of sows and their offspring during lactation.
文摘During the era of Middle Ages,throughout Europe,a mulled or spiced wine commonly consumed at the end of a meal as a digestive,sweetened with honey or containing sugar,named“Hyppocras”(or hypocras,hippocras,ypocras,ipocras,Latin:Vinum Hippocraticum),was the most famous aperitif,having also a cluster of supposedly drug qualities[1,2].Hyppocras was regularly served as a digestive at the end of the meal,becoming symbolically the ceremonial conclusion of any banquet since 14th century[3].Evidence of the high regard Hyppocras enjoyed among the medieval lore is testified by the fact that a recipe of the wine enriched with rosewater and raisins,survived within the work“On Wines”written by one on the most esteemed physicians of the 13th century.
文摘PuraStat®is a novel self-assembling peptide(SAP)used as a haemostatic agent in endoscopy,with widespread application in surgical settings.While the current evidence,though deserving further expansion,demonstrates a good haemostatic performance profile for this substance,there remains significant heterogeneity among studies,and an analysis of this SAP as monotherapy is not always available.The recent study by Bellester et al in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy provided an optimal effectiveness profile of this SAP in 45 patients treated for gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding,particularly highlighting data on its use as monotherapy in upper GI bleeding.This invited article outlines the current evidence on PuraStat®and offers a commentary on the recently published study.
基金funded by the Chinese Nutrition Society and PepsiCo Inc.
文摘Digestive health is important for overall well-being,but gut health problems are common in the Chinese population.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas in humans on digestive health by assessing defecation frequency,defecation symptoms,stool quality,self-reported digestive feelings,defecation satisfaction,and gut bacteria.A parallel,randomized,double-blind,controlled trial was conducted in 168 eligible adults randomized to 3 groups for 14 days:Intervention groups A and B received 2 different doses of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas and a Control group received oatβ-glucan mixed with hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose.Participants completed a defecation diary and Bristol stool chart daily and digestive system questionnaires weekly.Fecal samples were collected on day 0 and day 14 to evaluate gut bacteria using 16S rDNA analysis.Both formulas improved defecation frequency,stool quality,defecation symptoms,defecation satisfaction,and on digestive health of human,compared with baseline(P<0.05).Both formulas led to increased quantities of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia bacteria,compared to control,on day 14.This study therefore demonstrated the beneficial effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas on gut health in generally healthy Chinese adults.These formulas are a feasible nutritional strategy for digestive health.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0111800)Shaanxi Livestock and Poultry Breeding Double-chain Fusion Key Project(grant number 2022GD-TSLD-46-0501)。
文摘Background The diverse types and processing methods of grains intricately influence the sites and digestibility of starch digestion,thereby impacting energy utilization.This study aimed to explore the impact of grain variety and processing methods on the net energy(NE)in dairy goats,analyzing these effects at the level of nutrient digestion and metabolism.Methods Eighteen castrated Guanzhong dairy goats(44.25±3.59 kg BW)were randomly divided into 3 groups,each consisting of 6 replicates.The substitution method was employed to determine the NE values of the dry-rolled corn(DRC),dry-rolled wheat(DRW)or steam-flaked corn(SFC,360 g/L).Briefly,two phases were performed.Throughout the basal phase,all goats were fed the same basal diet.In the substitution phase,30%of the basal diet was replaced with DRC,DRW and SFC,respectively.Results In this study,the NE values of the DRC,DRW and SFC were 7.65,7.54 and 7.44 MJ/kg DM,respectively.Compared to the DRC group,the DRW group showed increased digestibility of starch and crude protein(CP).Similarly,the SFC group exhibited increased organic matter(OM)and starch digestibility and a trend towards higher dry matter(DM)digestibility,reduced fecal OM and starch content.Additionally,fecal volatile fatty acid(VFA)concentrations decreased in goats fed SFC.Correspondingly,digestible energy(DE)in the DRW and SFC groups tended to be higher than in the DRC group.DRW increased total VFA concentration compared to DRC,while SFC increased the proportion of propionate and decreased the acetate-to-propionate ratio in the rumen.Both the DRW and SFC diets elevated serum glucose levels.Furthermore,heat increment(HI)and gaseous energy(Gas E)related to fermentation were significantly higher in the DRW and SFC groups compared to the DRC group.Conclusion Our findings indicated that DRW and SFC increased rumen starch fermentation in goats,thereby improving total tract starch digestion and DE.However,DRW and SFC failed to improve NE value due to increased heat and gas energy production from fermentation.Therefore,excessively refined grains processing in the diet of dairy goats does not effectively improve energy efficiency.
