Gene expression and the content of hormones regulating feed intake and digestion are crucial for understanding gastric evacuation(GE)and feeding frequency in fish.This study assessed the effects of temperature and siz...Gene expression and the content of hormones regulating feed intake and digestion are crucial for understanding gastric evacuation(GE)and feeding frequency in fish.This study assessed the effects of temperature and size on these parameters by examining the domestication of steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)at four temperatures(8℃,12℃,16℃,and 20℃)and with two sizes(75.99 g±10.48 g and 140.21 g±22.08 g)over two weeks.The trout were fasted for 72 h before the GE trial to ensure complete gastric emptying.In each GE trial,the expressions of peptide tyrosine(PYY),cholecystokinin(CCK),and ghrelin genes,along with corresponding serum hormone levels,were measured before feeding and at 0 h and 24 h after feeding,in conjunction with feed intake and 24-h gastric content mass.Results revealed significant effects of temperature on the expression of the three gastric genes.CCK expression increased at 8℃,correlating with reduced feed intake,while PYY and CCK increased at 20℃,correlating with accelerated gastric evacuation.Size significantly influenced serum levels of all three hormones,but the interaction between temperature and size did not affect PYY and ghrelin expression or their serum contents.This study provides molecular insights into how temperature and size regulate the digestion of steelhead trout,offering a theoretical framework for optimizing feeding frequency in aquaculture practices.展开更多
Yaks are well-adapted to the harsh environment of the Tibetan Plateau,and they emit less enteric methane(CH_(4))and digest poor-quality forage better than cattle.To examine the potential of yak rumen inoculum to mitig...Yaks are well-adapted to the harsh environment of the Tibetan Plateau,and they emit less enteric methane(CH_(4))and digest poor-quality forage better than cattle.To examine the potential of yak rumen inoculum to mitigate CH_(4)production and improve digestibility in cattle,we incubated substrate with rumen inoculum from yak(YRI)and cattle(CRI)in vitro in five ratios(YRI:CRI):(1)0:100(control),(2)25:75,(3)50:50,(4)75:25 and(5)100:0 for 72 h.The YRI:CRI ratios of 50:50,75:25 and 100:0 produced less total gas and CH_(4)and accumulated less hydrogen(H_(2))than0:100(control)at most time points.From 12 h onwards,there was a linear decrease(P<0.05)in carbon dioxide(CO_(2))production with increasing YRI:CRI ratio.At 72 h,the ratios of 50:50 and 75:25 had higher dry matter(+7.71%and+4.11%,respectively),as well as higher acid detergent fiber digestibility(+15.5%and+7.61%,respectively),when compared to the 0:100 ratio(P<0.05).Increasing the proportion of YRI generally increased total VFA concentrations,and,concomitantly,decreased the proportion of metabolic hydrogen([2H])incorporated into CH_(4),and decreased the recovery of[2H].The lower[2H]recovery indicates unknown[2H]sinks in the culture.Estimated Gibbs free energy changes(ΔG)for reductive acetogenesis were negative,indicating the thermodynamic feasibility of this process.It would be beneficial to identify:1)the alternative[2H]sinks,which could help mitigate CH_(4)emission,and 2)core microbes involved in fiber digestion.This experiment supported lower CH_(4)emission and greater nutrient digestibility of yaks compared to cattle.Multi-omics combined with microbial culture technologies developed in recent years could help to better understand fermentation differences among species.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the article by Qin et al,recently published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.Malignant tumors of the digestive tract represent a significant health threat.Kinesin famil...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Qin et al,recently published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.Malignant tumors of the digestive tract represent a significant health threat.Kinesin family member 14(KIF14),a critical kinesin,is pivotal in the proliferation,migration,and invasion of tumor cells.It has emerged as a focal point in recent studies of malignant tumors in the digestive tract.This article reviews the current research on KIF14 within these tumors and details its significant role in tumor cell behaviors,including proliferation,apo-ptosis,migration,invasion,and angiogenesis,alongside the regulatory mechanisms of the associated intracellular signaling pathways.Additionally,it explores the clinical value of KIF14 as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis,disease monitoring,and prognostic evaluation in malignant tumors of the digestive tract.The article concludes by introducing the potential regulatory role of traditional Chinese medicine,aiming to combine the strengths of both modern and traditional medical approaches to enhance treatment outcomes and prognosis for patients with these tumors.展开更多
As a new type of pollutant,the harm caused by microplastics(MPs)to organisms has been the research focus.Recently,the proportion of MPs ingested through the digestive tract has gradually increased with the popularity ...As a new type of pollutant,the harm caused by microplastics(MPs)to organisms has been the research focus.Recently,the proportion of MPs ingested through the digestive tract has gradually increased with the popularity of fast-food products,such as takeout.The damage to the digestive system has attracted increasing attention.We reviewed the literature regarding toxicity of MPs and observed that they have different effects on multiple organs of the digestive system.The mechanism may be related to the toxic effects of MPs themselves,interactions with various substances in the biological body,and participation in various signaling pathways to induce adverse reactions as a carrier of toxins to increase the time and amount of body absorption.Based on the toxicity mechanism of MPs,we propose specific suggestions to provide a theoretical reference for the government and relevant departments.展开更多
Background Exogenous xylanase can increase utilization of fiber and energy when included in diets for pigs,and xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)may improve growth performance of pigs by modulating intestinal fermentation.How...Background Exogenous xylanase can increase utilization of fiber and energy when included in diets for pigs,and xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)may improve growth performance of pigs by modulating intestinal fermentation.However,it is unclear if a stimbiotic(i.e.,a combination of xylanase and XOS)has superior effects compared with a xylanase alone,and there is a lack of data demonstrating if xylanase fed to lactating sows influences growth performance of weanling pigs.Therefore,two hypotheses were tested:1)xylanase and stimbiotic improve growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of gross energy(GE)and total dietary fiber(TDF),digestible energy(DE),and intestinal health of weanling pigs and 2)offspring of sows fed xylanase in lactation have greater growth performance after weaning than offspring of sows fed no xylanase during lactation.Methods One hundred and twenty pigs were weaned from sows fed a diet without xylanase,and 120 pigs were weaned from sows fed a lactation diet containing 16,000 beechwood xylanase units per kg(initial weight:5.81±0.50 kg).Pigs were allotted to a 2×3 factorial with two sow groups(lactation diet without or with xylanase)and three dietary treatments(i.e.,control,control plus xylanase,or control plus stimbiotic).Results There were no interactions between sow treatment and post-weaning pig treatment,and sow treatment did not impact post-weaning growth or ATTD of GE and TDF in weaned pigs.From d 15 to 28 post-weaning,the ADG,G:F,ATTD of GE and TDF,and concentration of DE were greater(P<0.05)for pigs fed the diet with stimbiotic than if fed the xylanase diet or the control diet,and pigs fed the xylanase diet had greater(P<0.05)ADG,G:F,ATTD of GE and TDF,and concentration of DE than pigs fed the control diet.From d 29 to 42 post-weaning,pigs fed the diets with xylanase or stimbiotic had greater(P<0.05)ADG,ATTD of GE and TDF,and DE than pigs fed the control diet.Conclusions Pigs fed xylanase or stimbiotic had greater ATTD of GE and TDF,greater DE,and greater overall ADG,G:F,and final body weight on d 42 post-weaning than pigs fed the control diet,but feeding sows xylanase in lactation did not influence post-weaning growth performance.展开更多
In this study,naringin was encapsulated in microspheres and its simulated digestive behavior in vitro was examined.Then naringin microspheres was added in yogurt to investigate the rheology and antioxidant activities....In this study,naringin was encapsulated in microspheres and its simulated digestive behavior in vitro was examined.Then naringin microspheres was added in yogurt to investigate the rheology and antioxidant activities.The results indicated that encapsulating naringin in microspheres delayed its digestion in the stomach,allowing more release in the intestinal part.All kinds of yogurt were solid-like in nature and the addition of microspheres increased the elastic modulus and viscosity.The naringin and microspheres incorporation enhanced the total phenolic content of the yogurt to 6.7 and 8.8 mg of gallic acid equivalent/mL,respectively.All kinds of yogurt demonstrated more than 80%scavenging ability for hydroxyl radicals at 20μL whey/mL.The addition of microspheres improved the DPPH radical scavenging ability of yogurt.This study provides a new idea for the application of polyphenols in food and the development of functional yogurt.展开更多
Considerable levels of methylmercury(MeHg)have been found rice-based infant cereals as a result of MeHg transfer from the rice as a raw material to the products,hence consumption of rice products may pose a potential ...Considerable levels of methylmercury(MeHg)have been found rice-based infant cereals as a result of MeHg transfer from the rice as a raw material to the products,hence consumption of rice products may pose a potential health risk to infants who may receive cereals as the major diets and are susceptible to toxicity of MeHg.Determination of bioaccessibility of MeHg would provide a more accurate assessment of MeHg exposure through consumption of rice-based cereals,yet this information remains lacking.Further,the re-adsorption of methylmercury on the residual food will affect the accurate assessment of its bioaccessibility.Our goals in this work were 1)to determine the bioaccessibility of MeHg in infant rice cereals commonly available on the market by using a typical in vitro artificial gastrointestinal digestionmodel and 2)to evaluate the effects of MeHg re-adsorption on the in vitro assessment of MeHg bioaccessibility.The determined bioaccessibility of MeHg in the studied rice cereals after the standard dual-step(using gastric followed by intestinal juice)protocol ranged from 25%to 74%,a wide range comparable to that of fish samples observed here and in previous studies.The surprisingly higher bioaccessibility of MeHg in fish and rice cereals after the gastric step only,in comparison to after the complete two-step gastrointestinal digestion,suggests the re-adsorption of MeHg on the residual food.Separate experiments with spiked MeHg standards confirmed that the MeHg released by the acetic gastric juice was re-adsorbed on the residues during the intestinal step at neutral pH.This study provided first-hand data on the bioaccessibility of MeHg in infant rice cereals and methodological implications on using in vitro digestion to evaluate the bioaccessibility of MeHg and metal contaminants in general.展开更多
Background The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of commercially processed former foodstuffs(cFF)as dietary substitutes of corn,soybean meal and soybean oil on the growth performance,apparent total trac...Background The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of commercially processed former foodstuffs(cFF)as dietary substitutes of corn,soybean meal and soybean oil on the growth performance,apparent total tract digestibil-ity(ATTD),hematobiochemical profiles,and liver gene abundance in broiler chickens.Two hundred one-day-old male ROSS-308 chicks were assigned to 4 dietary groups(5 replicates of ten birds per replicate)according to their average body weight(BW,38.0±0.11 g).All groups received a two-phase feeding program:starter,d 1–12 and grower,d 12–33.The control group(cFF0)was fed a standard commercial feed based on corn,soybean meal and soybean oil.The other three groups received diets in which the feed based on corn,soybean meal,and soybean oil was partially replaced with cFF at a substitution level of 6.25%(cFF6.25),12.5%(cFF12.5)or 25%(cFF25)for the following 33 d.Results The growth performance data showed no differences in BW or average daily gain among groups,although the average daily feed intake decreased during the grower period(12–33 d)and over entire experimental period(1–33 d)in a linear manner as the cFF inclusion level rose(P=0.026),positively affecting the gain to feed ratio(P=0.001).The ATTD of dry matter of the cFF-fed groups were greater with respect to control group and increased throughout the experimental period,whereas the ATTD of ether extract linearly decreased with increasing levels of cFF-fed groups compared with control group and throughout the experimental period(P<0.05).Additionally,a lin-ear increase in the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio,serum cholesterol,triglycerides and alanine-aminotransferase were observed with increasing dietary levels of cFF(P<0.05);however,no differences were observed in lipoprotein lipase or sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor gene abundance.Conclusions The results of this experiment demonstrate that it is possible to incorporate cFF into nutritionally balanced diets for broiler chickens,even up to 25%substitution levels,for up to 33 d without adversely impacting the overall growth performance of male broiler chickens raised under commercial conditions.Further studies are essential to validate the hematological trait findings.展开更多
Sewage sludge in cities of Yangzi River Belt,China,generally exhibits a lower organic content and higher silt contentdue to leakage of drainage system,which caused low bioenergy recovery and carbon emission benefits i...Sewage sludge in cities of Yangzi River Belt,China,generally exhibits a lower organic content and higher silt contentdue to leakage of drainage system,which caused low bioenergy recovery and carbon emission benefits in conventional anaerobic digestion(CAD).Therefore,this paper is on a pilot scale,a bio-thermophilic pretreatment anaerobic digestion(BTPAD)for low organic sludge(volatile solids(VS)of 4%)was operated with a long-term continuous flow of 200 days.The VS degradation rate and CH_(4) yield of BTPAD increased by 19.93%and 53.33%,respectively,compared to those of CAD.The analysis of organic compositions in sludge revealed that BTPAD mainly improved the hydrolysis of proteins in sludge.Further analysis of microbial community proportions by high-throughput sequencing revealed that the short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment was enriched in Clostridiales,Coprothermobacter and Gelria,was capable of hydrolyzing acidified proteins,and provided more volatile fatty acid(VFA)for the subsequent reaction.Biome combined with fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis showed that the number of bacteria with high methanogenic capacity in BTPAD was much higher than that in CAD during the medium temperature digestion stage,indicating that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could provide better methanogenic conditions for BTPAD.Furthermore,the greenhouse gas emission footprint analysis showed that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could reduce the carbon emission of sludge anaerobic digestion system by 19.18%.展开更多
High ammonia-nitrogen digestate has become a key bottleneck limiting the anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste.Vacuum ammonia stripping can simultaneously remove and recover ammonia nitrogen,which has attracted a...High ammonia-nitrogen digestate has become a key bottleneck limiting the anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste.Vacuum ammonia stripping can simultaneously remove and recover ammonia nitrogen,which has attracted a lot of attention in recent years.To investigate the parameter effects on the efficiency and mass transfer,five combination conditions(53℃ 15 kPa,60°C 20 kPa,65°C 25 kPa,72°C 35 kPa,and 81°C 50 kPa)were conducted for ammonia stripping of sludge digestate.The results showed that 80%of ammonia nitrogen was stripped in 45 min for all experimental groups,but the ammonia transfer coefficient varied under different conditions,which increased with the rising of boiling point temperature,and reached the maximum value(39.0 mm/hr)at 81°C 50 kPa.The ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency was more than 80%for 30 min vacuum stripping after adjusting the initial pH to above 9.5,and adjustment of the initial alkalinity also affects the pH value of liquid digestate.It was found that pH and alkalinity are the key factors influencing the ammonia nitrogen dissociation and removal efficiency,while temperature and vacuum mainly affect the ammonia nitrogen mass transfer and removal velocity.In terms of the mechanism of vacuum ammonia stripping,it underwent alkalinity destruction,pH enhancement,ammonia nitrogen dissociation,and free ammonia removal.In this study,two-stage experiments of alkalinity destruction and ammonia removal were also carried out,which showed that the two-stage configuration was beneficial for ammonia removal.It provides a theoretical basis and practical technology for the vacuum ammonia stripping from liquid digestate of organic solid waste.展开更多
Anaerobic digestion(AD)is widely employed for sludge stabilization and waste reduction.However,the slow hydrolysis process hinders methane production and leads to prolonged sludge issues.In this study,an efficient and...Anaerobic digestion(AD)is widely employed for sludge stabilization and waste reduction.However,the slow hydrolysis process hinders methane production and leads to prolonged sludge issues.In this study,an efficient and eco-friendly lysozyme pre-treatment method was utilized to address these challenges.By optimizing lysozyme dosage,hydrolysis and cell lysis were maximized.Furthermore,lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment enhanced overall efficiency.Results indicate that:(1)When lysozyme dosage reached 90 mg/g TS after 240 min of pretreatment,SCOD,soluble polysaccharides,and protein content reached their maxima at 855.00,44.09,and 204.86 mg/L,respectively.This represented an increase of 85.87%,365.58%,and 259.21%compared to the untreated sludge.Threedimensional fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the highest fluorescence intensity in the IV region(soluble microbial product),promoting microbial metabolic activity.(2)Lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment significantly increased SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release from sludge,reducing SCOD release time.Orthogonal experiments identified Group 3 as the most effective for SCOD and soluble polysaccharide release,while Group 9 released the most soluble proteins.The significance order of factors influencing SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release is hydrothermal temperature>hydrothermal time>enzymatic digestion time.(3)The lysozyme-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment group exhibited the fastest release and the highest SCOD concentration of 8,135.00 mg/L during anaerobic digestion.Maximum SCOD consumption and cumulative gas production increased by 95.89%and 130.58%,respectively,compared to the control group,allowing gas production to conclude 3 days earlier.展开更多
BACKGROUND For patients with advanced gastric cancer,surgical resection remains the main treatment option.Total gastrectomy combined with radical resection of gastric cancer lesions and sentinel lymph nodes can signif...BACKGROUND For patients with advanced gastric cancer,surgical resection remains the main treatment option.Total gastrectomy combined with radical resection of gastric cancer lesions and sentinel lymph nodes can significantly prolong the survival of patients.Digestive tract reconstruction after total gastrectomy is essential to maintain gastrointestinal function and optimize postoperative recovery.Therefore,it is very important to choose a suitable reconstruction method to improve the quality of life of total gastrectomy patients.AIM To evaluate the effects of different digestive tract reconstruction methods in gastric cancer patients undergoing total gastrectomy.METHODS This retrospective study included 172 patients who underwent total gastrectomy for gastric cancer at The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University for analysis.The patients were categorized into two groups:Group A,consisting of 90 patients who underwent modified Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy,and group B,consisting of 82 patients who underwent uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy.The general patient characteristics,perioperative indicators,postoperative gastrointestinal mucosal barrier function,nutritional status,immunological markers,and occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Group A showed shorter digestive tract reconstruction time than group B(P<0.05).On the first postoperative day,group A showed lower serum levels of D-lactate,diamine oxidase,and endotoxin than group B(P<0.05).One month postoperatively,group A showed higher prognostic nutritional index,serum albumin,total protein,and body weight than group B(P<0.05).One month postoperatively,the levels of cluster of differentiation(CD)3+,CD4+,and CD8+cells were not significantly different between two groups(P>0.05).The complication rates were 10.00%in group A and 24.39%in group B;group A had a significantly lower complication rate than group B(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Using modified Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy during total gastrectomy shortens the time required for gastrointestinal anastomosis,reduces surgery-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage,and mitigates postoperative declines in nutritional status.展开更多
Milk fat globules(MFG)are the primary source of energy and functional factor in dairy-based products.To evaluate the suitability of commercial MFG substitutes for infant and adult consumers,the lipolysis properties an...Milk fat globules(MFG)are the primary source of energy and functional factor in dairy-based products.To evaluate the suitability of commercial MFG substitutes for infant and adult consumers,the lipolysis properties and regulatory factors in digesting bovine,caprine,and human MFG were compared.The lipolysis kinetic models of bovine and caprine MFG are comparable,with bovine MFG displaying the highest degree of lipolysis(50.21%)during gastric digestion in infants,resulting in the production short-chain saturated fatty acids.Caprine MFG has a high rate of lipolysis due to its weak phospholipid-glycoprotein layer,which is prominent in both infants'and adults'digestion.The effects of consuming bovine and caprine MFG for adults are comparable in terms of lipolysis properties and nutritional value of fatty acid.After gastrointestinal digestion,human MFG has the highest digestibility(93.98%).The advantages of human MFG include its phospholipid structure,exogenous lipase,and lipolysis-regulating proteins.This study provides recommendation for the selection of milk fat substitutes and improvements in commercial dairy.展开更多
Temperature plays a crucial role in shaping microbial ecosystems during anaerobic digestion.However,the specific microbial communities and their functions across a wide temperature range still remain elusive.This stud...Temperature plays a crucial role in shaping microbial ecosystems during anaerobic digestion.However,the specific microbial communities and their functions across a wide temperature range still remain elusive.This study employed a genome-centric metagenomic approach to explore microbial metabolic pathways and synergistic networks at temperatures of 35,44,53,55,and 65℃.A total of 84 metagenome assembled genomes(MAGs)were assembled,with over 65%of these MAGs corresponding to novel bacterial and archaeal species(including Firmicutes,Chloroflexota,Bacteroidia and Methanobacteriota),greatly enhancing our current comprehension anaerobic digestion process.Notably,functional annotation identified that 44_bin.2(Methanothrix_A sp.001602645)harbors enzymes associated with hydrogenotrophic metabolism.Additionally,this microorganism exhibited diverse metabolic capabilities at 44℃,a temperature commonly employed in industrial practice yet less explored in bench studies.Consequently,it implies a promising potential for conducting anaerobic digestion at a moderate thermophilic temperature,as opposed to the conventional mesophilic range.The microorganism exhibited a variety of metabolic capabilities at 44℃,a temperature frequently employed in industrial applications but underexplored in laboratory investigations.The findings suggest that anaerobic digestion carried out at moderate thermophilic temperatures may have a higher potential for methane production.展开更多
Whole-grain foods have attracted emerging attention due to their health benefits.Whole grains are rich in bound polyphenols(BPs)linked with dietary fibers,which is largely underestimated compared with free polyphenols...Whole-grain foods have attracted emerging attention due to their health benefits.Whole grains are rich in bound polyphenols(BPs)linked with dietary fibers,which is largely underestimated compared with free polyphenols.In this study,in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation models were used to study the release profile and metabolism of BPs of oat bran.Significantly higher level of BPs was released during in vitro colon fermentation(3.05 mg GAE/g)than in gastrointestinal digestion(0.54 mg GAE/g).Five polyphenols were detected via LC-MS and their possible conversion pathways were speculated.Released BPs exhibited chemical antioxidant capacity.16S rRNA sequencing further revealed that Clostridium butyricum,Enterococcus faecalis,Bacteroides acidifaciens were the key bacteria involved in the release of BPs,and this was verified by whole-cell transformation.Our results helped to explain the possible mechanism of the health benefits of BPs in whole grains.展开更多
Our previous study has demonstrated that procyanidin A_(1)(A_(1))and its simulated digestive product(D-A_(1))can prevent acrylamide(ACR)-induced cytotoxicity in small intestine cells.However,the potential mechanism re...Our previous study has demonstrated that procyanidin A_(1)(A_(1))and its simulated digestive product(D-A_(1))can prevent acrylamide(ACR)-induced cytotoxicity in small intestine cells.However,the potential mechanism remains poorly understood.In this study,ACR treatment was found to increase the levels of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanine(8-OHdG)and phosphorated histone H_(2)AX(γH_(2)AX),two DNA damage markers,thereby resulting in cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase;whereas both A_(1) and D-A_(1) could prevent the phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated(ATM)and checkpoint kinase 2(Chk2),and then regulate the expression of G2/M phase-related proteins,finally maintaining normal cell cycle progression.Moreover,A_(1) and D-A_(1) could increase the B cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)/Bcl2-associated X(Bax)ratio and decrease the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 proteins to alleviate ACR-induced cell apoptosis,which might be related to the inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway.More importantly,A_(1) showed no remarkable variation in inhibitory effect before and after digestion,indicating that it can endure gastrointestinal digestion and may be a promising phytochemical to alleviate ACR-induced intestinal cell damage.展开更多
This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of egg yolk oil(EYO)against inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract,including diarrhea,peptic ulcers,recurrent oral ulce...This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of egg yolk oil(EYO)against inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract,including diarrhea,peptic ulcers,recurrent oral ulcers,and radiation enteritis.By analyzing domestic and international literature,we explored how EYO alleviates inflammation by regulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway,reducing inflammatory cytokine levels,and modulating immune function.While EYO shows clear potential as an anti-inflammatory agent,further research is needed to fully elucidate its mechanisms,optimize extraction methods,and expand its applications to other diseases.In light of this expansion,this review also highlights EYO’s potential as an adjuvant agent in tumor therapy,including its mitigation of radiotherapy/chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicities and modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment.Future research should prioritize the potential translational value of EYO in oncology.Future directions include further investigating its molecular mechanisms,conducting largescale clinical trials,and evaluating its possible role in disease prevention.展开更多
Approximately 99%of micro(nano)plastics in wastewater are retained in waste activated sludge,inhibiting anaerobic digestion,while their specific effects on functional microbes remain unclear.To break through the limit...Approximately 99%of micro(nano)plastics in wastewater are retained in waste activated sludge,inhibiting anaerobic digestion,while their specific effects on functional microbes remain unclear.To break through the limitations of current knowledge,in this review,we focused on summarizing the impacts of micro(nano)plastics on the microbial communities within anaerobic digestion systems,analyzing the toxicity mechanisms and developing strategies to mitigate their inhibitory effects.Firstly,the impacts of micro(nano)plastics on methane production and functional microbes were summarized,including direct cell pitting effects,inhibition caused by toxic leachates,and the adsorption of pollutants onto micro(nano)plastics surfaces,which further interfere with microbial activity and metabolic processes.Then,the specific performances and potential mechanisms by which micro(nano)plastics affect microbes were innovatively analyzed from the aspects of community variation,cellular activity and genetic expression.Moreover,various factors of micro(nano)plastics were found to influence their effects on microbes,including hormesis-like effects at different dosages,increased toxicity with decreasing particle size,enhanced biotoxicity due to surface functional groups,and variations in toxicity based on morphology and aggregation state.Furthermore,potential mitigation strategies,including activated carbon addition,thermal hydrolysis and cationic polyacrylamide application,were firstly summarized in here to alleviate inhibition on microbe.Finally,the current challenges and future directions were fully discussed and prospected.These insights could not only elucidate the biotoxic effects of micro(nano)plastics,but also provide a new avenue for helping to develop effective remediation techniques in micro(nano)plastic pollution management.展开更多
BACKGROUND Thirst management in convalescent patients recovering from a digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia requires attention.A simple,practical,and safe method can effectively relieve thirst symptom...BACKGROUND Thirst management in convalescent patients recovering from a digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia requires attention.A simple,practical,and safe method can effectively relieve thirst symptoms in such patients.AIM To evaluate the enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)-based evidence-based care(EBC)plus ice stimulation therapy for thirst management of convalescent patients following digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia.METHODS A total of 191 patients convalescing after digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia between March 2020 and February 2023 and experiencing thirst were selected.In total,89 patients and 102 patients in the control and research groups received routine care and ERAS-based EBC plus ice stimulation therapy,respectively.The following data were comparatively analyzed:(1)Thirst degree(thirst intensity numerical rating scale)and thirst distress(TD)degree(TD scale);(2)Oral mucosal wetness;(3)Unstimulated whole salivary flow rate(UWSFR);(4)Adverse reactions(palpitation,fatigue,chapped lips,and nausea and vomiting);and(5)Nursing satisfaction.RESULTS After nursing,thirst degree and distress were statistically lower in the research group than in the control group.Additionally,compared with the control group,the research group exhibited a lower degree of oral mucosal wetness,higher UWSFR,fewer adverse reactions,and more total nursing satisfaction.CONCLUSION ERAS-based EBC plus ice stimulation therapy can effectively alleviate thirst in convalescent patients recovering from a digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia.It can alleviate xerostomia symptoms,reduce adverse reactions,and improve patient comfort.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2024YFD2400300 and 2019YFD0901000)the Natural National Science Foundation of China(No.32373104).
文摘Gene expression and the content of hormones regulating feed intake and digestion are crucial for understanding gastric evacuation(GE)and feeding frequency in fish.This study assessed the effects of temperature and size on these parameters by examining the domestication of steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)at four temperatures(8℃,12℃,16℃,and 20℃)and with two sizes(75.99 g±10.48 g and 140.21 g±22.08 g)over two weeks.The trout were fasted for 72 h before the GE trial to ensure complete gastric emptying.In each GE trial,the expressions of peptide tyrosine(PYY),cholecystokinin(CCK),and ghrelin genes,along with corresponding serum hormone levels,were measured before feeding and at 0 h and 24 h after feeding,in conjunction with feed intake and 24-h gastric content mass.Results revealed significant effects of temperature on the expression of the three gastric genes.CCK expression increased at 8℃,correlating with reduced feed intake,while PYY and CCK increased at 20℃,correlating with accelerated gastric evacuation.Size significantly influenced serum levels of all three hormones,but the interaction between temperature and size did not affect PYY and ghrelin expression or their serum contents.This study provides molecular insights into how temperature and size regulate the digestion of steelhead trout,offering a theoretical framework for optimizing feeding frequency in aquaculture practices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072757 and U21A20250)。
文摘Yaks are well-adapted to the harsh environment of the Tibetan Plateau,and they emit less enteric methane(CH_(4))and digest poor-quality forage better than cattle.To examine the potential of yak rumen inoculum to mitigate CH_(4)production and improve digestibility in cattle,we incubated substrate with rumen inoculum from yak(YRI)and cattle(CRI)in vitro in five ratios(YRI:CRI):(1)0:100(control),(2)25:75,(3)50:50,(4)75:25 and(5)100:0 for 72 h.The YRI:CRI ratios of 50:50,75:25 and 100:0 produced less total gas and CH_(4)and accumulated less hydrogen(H_(2))than0:100(control)at most time points.From 12 h onwards,there was a linear decrease(P<0.05)in carbon dioxide(CO_(2))production with increasing YRI:CRI ratio.At 72 h,the ratios of 50:50 and 75:25 had higher dry matter(+7.71%and+4.11%,respectively),as well as higher acid detergent fiber digestibility(+15.5%and+7.61%,respectively),when compared to the 0:100 ratio(P<0.05).Increasing the proportion of YRI generally increased total VFA concentrations,and,concomitantly,decreased the proportion of metabolic hydrogen([2H])incorporated into CH_(4),and decreased the recovery of[2H].The lower[2H]recovery indicates unknown[2H]sinks in the culture.Estimated Gibbs free energy changes(ΔG)for reductive acetogenesis were negative,indicating the thermodynamic feasibility of this process.It would be beneficial to identify:1)the alternative[2H]sinks,which could help mitigate CH_(4)emission,and 2)core microbes involved in fiber digestion.This experiment supported lower CH_(4)emission and greater nutrient digestibility of yaks compared to cattle.Multi-omics combined with microbial culture technologies developed in recent years could help to better understand fermentation differences among species.
基金Supported by the 2023 Government-funded Project of the Outstanding Talents Training Program in Clinical Medicine,No.ZF2023165Key Research and Development Projects of Hebei Province,No.18277731D+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.H202423105Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Scientific Research Project,No.2020014.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Qin et al,recently published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.Malignant tumors of the digestive tract represent a significant health threat.Kinesin family member 14(KIF14),a critical kinesin,is pivotal in the proliferation,migration,and invasion of tumor cells.It has emerged as a focal point in recent studies of malignant tumors in the digestive tract.This article reviews the current research on KIF14 within these tumors and details its significant role in tumor cell behaviors,including proliferation,apo-ptosis,migration,invasion,and angiogenesis,alongside the regulatory mechanisms of the associated intracellular signaling pathways.Additionally,it explores the clinical value of KIF14 as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis,disease monitoring,and prognostic evaluation in malignant tumors of the digestive tract.The article concludes by introducing the potential regulatory role of traditional Chinese medicine,aiming to combine the strengths of both modern and traditional medical approaches to enhance treatment outcomes and prognosis for patients with these tumors.
文摘As a new type of pollutant,the harm caused by microplastics(MPs)to organisms has been the research focus.Recently,the proportion of MPs ingested through the digestive tract has gradually increased with the popularity of fast-food products,such as takeout.The damage to the digestive system has attracted increasing attention.We reviewed the literature regarding toxicity of MPs and observed that they have different effects on multiple organs of the digestive system.The mechanism may be related to the toxic effects of MPs themselves,interactions with various substances in the biological body,and participation in various signaling pathways to induce adverse reactions as a carrier of toxins to increase the time and amount of body absorption.Based on the toxicity mechanism of MPs,we propose specific suggestions to provide a theoretical reference for the government and relevant departments.
基金financial support for this research by AB Vista,Marlborough,UK,is greatly appreciated.
文摘Background Exogenous xylanase can increase utilization of fiber and energy when included in diets for pigs,and xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)may improve growth performance of pigs by modulating intestinal fermentation.However,it is unclear if a stimbiotic(i.e.,a combination of xylanase and XOS)has superior effects compared with a xylanase alone,and there is a lack of data demonstrating if xylanase fed to lactating sows influences growth performance of weanling pigs.Therefore,two hypotheses were tested:1)xylanase and stimbiotic improve growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of gross energy(GE)and total dietary fiber(TDF),digestible energy(DE),and intestinal health of weanling pigs and 2)offspring of sows fed xylanase in lactation have greater growth performance after weaning than offspring of sows fed no xylanase during lactation.Methods One hundred and twenty pigs were weaned from sows fed a diet without xylanase,and 120 pigs were weaned from sows fed a lactation diet containing 16,000 beechwood xylanase units per kg(initial weight:5.81±0.50 kg).Pigs were allotted to a 2×3 factorial with two sow groups(lactation diet without or with xylanase)and three dietary treatments(i.e.,control,control plus xylanase,or control plus stimbiotic).Results There were no interactions between sow treatment and post-weaning pig treatment,and sow treatment did not impact post-weaning growth or ATTD of GE and TDF in weaned pigs.From d 15 to 28 post-weaning,the ADG,G:F,ATTD of GE and TDF,and concentration of DE were greater(P<0.05)for pigs fed the diet with stimbiotic than if fed the xylanase diet or the control diet,and pigs fed the xylanase diet had greater(P<0.05)ADG,G:F,ATTD of GE and TDF,and concentration of DE than pigs fed the control diet.From d 29 to 42 post-weaning,pigs fed the diets with xylanase or stimbiotic had greater(P<0.05)ADG,ATTD of GE and TDF,and DE than pigs fed the control diet.Conclusions Pigs fed xylanase or stimbiotic had greater ATTD of GE and TDF,greater DE,and greater overall ADG,G:F,and final body weight on d 42 post-weaning than pigs fed the control diet,but feeding sows xylanase in lactation did not influence post-weaning growth performance.
基金funded by the People’s Livelihood Plan Project of Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province(2021JH2/10300069,2019-ZD-0845)the Department of Education of Liaoning Province(Natural Science,Strategic Industrialization Project,LJ212410163061)the Liaoning Province College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202410163077).
文摘In this study,naringin was encapsulated in microspheres and its simulated digestive behavior in vitro was examined.Then naringin microspheres was added in yogurt to investigate the rheology and antioxidant activities.The results indicated that encapsulating naringin in microspheres delayed its digestion in the stomach,allowing more release in the intestinal part.All kinds of yogurt were solid-like in nature and the addition of microspheres increased the elastic modulus and viscosity.The naringin and microspheres incorporation enhanced the total phenolic content of the yogurt to 6.7 and 8.8 mg of gallic acid equivalent/mL,respectively.All kinds of yogurt demonstrated more than 80%scavenging ability for hydroxyl radicals at 20μL whey/mL.The addition of microspheres improved the DPPH radical scavenging ability of yogurt.This study provides a new idea for the application of polyphenols in food and the development of functional yogurt.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22306111)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.ZR2022QB242 and ZR2020ZD20).
文摘Considerable levels of methylmercury(MeHg)have been found rice-based infant cereals as a result of MeHg transfer from the rice as a raw material to the products,hence consumption of rice products may pose a potential health risk to infants who may receive cereals as the major diets and are susceptible to toxicity of MeHg.Determination of bioaccessibility of MeHg would provide a more accurate assessment of MeHg exposure through consumption of rice-based cereals,yet this information remains lacking.Further,the re-adsorption of methylmercury on the residual food will affect the accurate assessment of its bioaccessibility.Our goals in this work were 1)to determine the bioaccessibility of MeHg in infant rice cereals commonly available on the market by using a typical in vitro artificial gastrointestinal digestionmodel and 2)to evaluate the effects of MeHg re-adsorption on the in vitro assessment of MeHg bioaccessibility.The determined bioaccessibility of MeHg in the studied rice cereals after the standard dual-step(using gastric followed by intestinal juice)protocol ranged from 25%to 74%,a wide range comparable to that of fish samples observed here and in previous studies.The surprisingly higher bioaccessibility of MeHg in fish and rice cereals after the gastric step only,in comparison to after the complete two-step gastrointestinal digestion,suggests the re-adsorption of MeHg on the residual food.Separate experiments with spiked MeHg standards confirmed that the MeHg released by the acetic gastric juice was re-adsorbed on the residues during the intestinal step at neutral pH.This study provided first-hand data on the bioaccessibility of MeHg in infant rice cereals and methodological implications on using in vitro digestion to evaluate the bioaccessibility of MeHg and metal contaminants in general.
基金Department of Veterinary Sciences“Ricerca Locale–Linea A”.
文摘Background The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of commercially processed former foodstuffs(cFF)as dietary substitutes of corn,soybean meal and soybean oil on the growth performance,apparent total tract digestibil-ity(ATTD),hematobiochemical profiles,and liver gene abundance in broiler chickens.Two hundred one-day-old male ROSS-308 chicks were assigned to 4 dietary groups(5 replicates of ten birds per replicate)according to their average body weight(BW,38.0±0.11 g).All groups received a two-phase feeding program:starter,d 1–12 and grower,d 12–33.The control group(cFF0)was fed a standard commercial feed based on corn,soybean meal and soybean oil.The other three groups received diets in which the feed based on corn,soybean meal,and soybean oil was partially replaced with cFF at a substitution level of 6.25%(cFF6.25),12.5%(cFF12.5)or 25%(cFF25)for the following 33 d.Results The growth performance data showed no differences in BW or average daily gain among groups,although the average daily feed intake decreased during the grower period(12–33 d)and over entire experimental period(1–33 d)in a linear manner as the cFF inclusion level rose(P=0.026),positively affecting the gain to feed ratio(P=0.001).The ATTD of dry matter of the cFF-fed groups were greater with respect to control group and increased throughout the experimental period,whereas the ATTD of ether extract linearly decreased with increasing levels of cFF-fed groups compared with control group and throughout the experimental period(P<0.05).Additionally,a lin-ear increase in the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio,serum cholesterol,triglycerides and alanine-aminotransferase were observed with increasing dietary levels of cFF(P<0.05);however,no differences were observed in lipoprotein lipase or sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor gene abundance.Conclusions The results of this experiment demonstrate that it is possible to incorporate cFF into nutritionally balanced diets for broiler chickens,even up to 25%substitution levels,for up to 33 d without adversely impacting the overall growth performance of male broiler chickens raised under commercial conditions.Further studies are essential to validate the hematological trait findings.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (Nos.2020YFC1908702 and 2021YFC3200700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52192684 and 52192680).
文摘Sewage sludge in cities of Yangzi River Belt,China,generally exhibits a lower organic content and higher silt contentdue to leakage of drainage system,which caused low bioenergy recovery and carbon emission benefits in conventional anaerobic digestion(CAD).Therefore,this paper is on a pilot scale,a bio-thermophilic pretreatment anaerobic digestion(BTPAD)for low organic sludge(volatile solids(VS)of 4%)was operated with a long-term continuous flow of 200 days.The VS degradation rate and CH_(4) yield of BTPAD increased by 19.93%and 53.33%,respectively,compared to those of CAD.The analysis of organic compositions in sludge revealed that BTPAD mainly improved the hydrolysis of proteins in sludge.Further analysis of microbial community proportions by high-throughput sequencing revealed that the short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment was enriched in Clostridiales,Coprothermobacter and Gelria,was capable of hydrolyzing acidified proteins,and provided more volatile fatty acid(VFA)for the subsequent reaction.Biome combined with fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis showed that the number of bacteria with high methanogenic capacity in BTPAD was much higher than that in CAD during the medium temperature digestion stage,indicating that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could provide better methanogenic conditions for BTPAD.Furthermore,the greenhouse gas emission footprint analysis showed that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could reduce the carbon emission of sludge anaerobic digestion system by 19.18%.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC1908702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52131002)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.22dz1209200)China Three Gorges Corporation(No.202403018).
文摘High ammonia-nitrogen digestate has become a key bottleneck limiting the anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste.Vacuum ammonia stripping can simultaneously remove and recover ammonia nitrogen,which has attracted a lot of attention in recent years.To investigate the parameter effects on the efficiency and mass transfer,five combination conditions(53℃ 15 kPa,60°C 20 kPa,65°C 25 kPa,72°C 35 kPa,and 81°C 50 kPa)were conducted for ammonia stripping of sludge digestate.The results showed that 80%of ammonia nitrogen was stripped in 45 min for all experimental groups,but the ammonia transfer coefficient varied under different conditions,which increased with the rising of boiling point temperature,and reached the maximum value(39.0 mm/hr)at 81°C 50 kPa.The ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency was more than 80%for 30 min vacuum stripping after adjusting the initial pH to above 9.5,and adjustment of the initial alkalinity also affects the pH value of liquid digestate.It was found that pH and alkalinity are the key factors influencing the ammonia nitrogen dissociation and removal efficiency,while temperature and vacuum mainly affect the ammonia nitrogen mass transfer and removal velocity.In terms of the mechanism of vacuum ammonia stripping,it underwent alkalinity destruction,pH enhancement,ammonia nitrogen dissociation,and free ammonia removal.In this study,two-stage experiments of alkalinity destruction and ammonia removal were also carried out,which showed that the two-stage configuration was beneficial for ammonia removal.It provides a theoretical basis and practical technology for the vacuum ammonia stripping from liquid digestate of organic solid waste.
文摘Anaerobic digestion(AD)is widely employed for sludge stabilization and waste reduction.However,the slow hydrolysis process hinders methane production and leads to prolonged sludge issues.In this study,an efficient and eco-friendly lysozyme pre-treatment method was utilized to address these challenges.By optimizing lysozyme dosage,hydrolysis and cell lysis were maximized.Furthermore,lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment enhanced overall efficiency.Results indicate that:(1)When lysozyme dosage reached 90 mg/g TS after 240 min of pretreatment,SCOD,soluble polysaccharides,and protein content reached their maxima at 855.00,44.09,and 204.86 mg/L,respectively.This represented an increase of 85.87%,365.58%,and 259.21%compared to the untreated sludge.Threedimensional fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the highest fluorescence intensity in the IV region(soluble microbial product),promoting microbial metabolic activity.(2)Lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment significantly increased SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release from sludge,reducing SCOD release time.Orthogonal experiments identified Group 3 as the most effective for SCOD and soluble polysaccharide release,while Group 9 released the most soluble proteins.The significance order of factors influencing SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release is hydrothermal temperature>hydrothermal time>enzymatic digestion time.(3)The lysozyme-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment group exhibited the fastest release and the highest SCOD concentration of 8,135.00 mg/L during anaerobic digestion.Maximum SCOD consumption and cumulative gas production increased by 95.89%and 130.58%,respectively,compared to the control group,allowing gas production to conclude 3 days earlier.
文摘BACKGROUND For patients with advanced gastric cancer,surgical resection remains the main treatment option.Total gastrectomy combined with radical resection of gastric cancer lesions and sentinel lymph nodes can significantly prolong the survival of patients.Digestive tract reconstruction after total gastrectomy is essential to maintain gastrointestinal function and optimize postoperative recovery.Therefore,it is very important to choose a suitable reconstruction method to improve the quality of life of total gastrectomy patients.AIM To evaluate the effects of different digestive tract reconstruction methods in gastric cancer patients undergoing total gastrectomy.METHODS This retrospective study included 172 patients who underwent total gastrectomy for gastric cancer at The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University for analysis.The patients were categorized into two groups:Group A,consisting of 90 patients who underwent modified Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy,and group B,consisting of 82 patients who underwent uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy.The general patient characteristics,perioperative indicators,postoperative gastrointestinal mucosal barrier function,nutritional status,immunological markers,and occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Group A showed shorter digestive tract reconstruction time than group B(P<0.05).On the first postoperative day,group A showed lower serum levels of D-lactate,diamine oxidase,and endotoxin than group B(P<0.05).One month postoperatively,group A showed higher prognostic nutritional index,serum albumin,total protein,and body weight than group B(P<0.05).One month postoperatively,the levels of cluster of differentiation(CD)3+,CD4+,and CD8+cells were not significantly different between two groups(P>0.05).The complication rates were 10.00%in group A and 24.39%in group B;group A had a significantly lower complication rate than group B(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Using modified Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy during total gastrectomy shortens the time required for gastrointestinal anastomosis,reduces surgery-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage,and mitigates postoperative declines in nutritional status.
基金supported by the Young Scientists Fund in National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901650)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2016YFD0401404)Innovation Fund of Tianjin University of Science and Technology for Young Teachers(2017LG01)。
文摘Milk fat globules(MFG)are the primary source of energy and functional factor in dairy-based products.To evaluate the suitability of commercial MFG substitutes for infant and adult consumers,the lipolysis properties and regulatory factors in digesting bovine,caprine,and human MFG were compared.The lipolysis kinetic models of bovine and caprine MFG are comparable,with bovine MFG displaying the highest degree of lipolysis(50.21%)during gastric digestion in infants,resulting in the production short-chain saturated fatty acids.Caprine MFG has a high rate of lipolysis due to its weak phospholipid-glycoprotein layer,which is prominent in both infants'and adults'digestion.The effects of consuming bovine and caprine MFG for adults are comparable in terms of lipolysis properties and nutritional value of fatty acid.After gastrointestinal digestion,human MFG has the highest digestibility(93.98%).The advantages of human MFG include its phospholipid structure,exogenous lipase,and lipolysis-regulating proteins.This study provides recommendation for the selection of milk fat substitutes and improvements in commercial dairy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52270138)。
文摘Temperature plays a crucial role in shaping microbial ecosystems during anaerobic digestion.However,the specific microbial communities and their functions across a wide temperature range still remain elusive.This study employed a genome-centric metagenomic approach to explore microbial metabolic pathways and synergistic networks at temperatures of 35,44,53,55,and 65℃.A total of 84 metagenome assembled genomes(MAGs)were assembled,with over 65%of these MAGs corresponding to novel bacterial and archaeal species(including Firmicutes,Chloroflexota,Bacteroidia and Methanobacteriota),greatly enhancing our current comprehension anaerobic digestion process.Notably,functional annotation identified that 44_bin.2(Methanothrix_A sp.001602645)harbors enzymes associated with hydrogenotrophic metabolism.Additionally,this microorganism exhibited diverse metabolic capabilities at 44℃,a temperature commonly employed in industrial practice yet less explored in bench studies.Consequently,it implies a promising potential for conducting anaerobic digestion at a moderate thermophilic temperature,as opposed to the conventional mesophilic range.The microorganism exhibited a variety of metabolic capabilities at 44℃,a temperature frequently employed in industrial applications but underexplored in laboratory investigations.The findings suggest that anaerobic digestion carried out at moderate thermophilic temperatures may have a higher potential for methane production.
基金the support from the research grants by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202051)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100104)the Major Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Department,China(2021ZD0002)。
文摘Whole-grain foods have attracted emerging attention due to their health benefits.Whole grains are rich in bound polyphenols(BPs)linked with dietary fibers,which is largely underestimated compared with free polyphenols.In this study,in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation models were used to study the release profile and metabolism of BPs of oat bran.Significantly higher level of BPs was released during in vitro colon fermentation(3.05 mg GAE/g)than in gastrointestinal digestion(0.54 mg GAE/g).Five polyphenols were detected via LC-MS and their possible conversion pathways were speculated.Released BPs exhibited chemical antioxidant capacity.16S rRNA sequencing further revealed that Clostridium butyricum,Enterococcus faecalis,Bacteroides acidifaciens were the key bacteria involved in the release of BPs,and this was verified by whole-cell transformation.Our results helped to explain the possible mechanism of the health benefits of BPs in whole grains.
基金supported by the project from National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671962)Excellent Youth Foundation of Education Department of Hunan Province(23B0229)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662019PY034).
文摘Our previous study has demonstrated that procyanidin A_(1)(A_(1))and its simulated digestive product(D-A_(1))can prevent acrylamide(ACR)-induced cytotoxicity in small intestine cells.However,the potential mechanism remains poorly understood.In this study,ACR treatment was found to increase the levels of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanine(8-OHdG)and phosphorated histone H_(2)AX(γH_(2)AX),two DNA damage markers,thereby resulting in cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase;whereas both A_(1) and D-A_(1) could prevent the phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated(ATM)and checkpoint kinase 2(Chk2),and then regulate the expression of G2/M phase-related proteins,finally maintaining normal cell cycle progression.Moreover,A_(1) and D-A_(1) could increase the B cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)/Bcl2-associated X(Bax)ratio and decrease the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 proteins to alleviate ACR-induced cell apoptosis,which might be related to the inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway.More importantly,A_(1) showed no remarkable variation in inhibitory effect before and after digestion,indicating that it can endure gastrointestinal digestion and may be a promising phytochemical to alleviate ACR-induced intestinal cell damage.
基金supported in part by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2024SFYBXM-459)the TCM Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.SZY-KJCYC-2025-LC-003)+1 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2025JC-YBMS-868)the Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Program(No.2025-CXRC-09).
文摘This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of egg yolk oil(EYO)against inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract,including diarrhea,peptic ulcers,recurrent oral ulcers,and radiation enteritis.By analyzing domestic and international literature,we explored how EYO alleviates inflammation by regulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway,reducing inflammatory cytokine levels,and modulating immune function.While EYO shows clear potential as an anti-inflammatory agent,further research is needed to fully elucidate its mechanisms,optimize extraction methods,and expand its applications to other diseases.In light of this expansion,this review also highlights EYO’s potential as an adjuvant agent in tumor therapy,including its mitigation of radiotherapy/chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicities and modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment.Future research should prioritize the potential translational value of EYO in oncology.Future directions include further investigating its molecular mechanisms,conducting largescale clinical trials,and evaluating its possible role in disease prevention.
基金financially sponsored by the funding from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3207404)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.52270034)State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(No.2023TS16)。
文摘Approximately 99%of micro(nano)plastics in wastewater are retained in waste activated sludge,inhibiting anaerobic digestion,while their specific effects on functional microbes remain unclear.To break through the limitations of current knowledge,in this review,we focused on summarizing the impacts of micro(nano)plastics on the microbial communities within anaerobic digestion systems,analyzing the toxicity mechanisms and developing strategies to mitigate their inhibitory effects.Firstly,the impacts of micro(nano)plastics on methane production and functional microbes were summarized,including direct cell pitting effects,inhibition caused by toxic leachates,and the adsorption of pollutants onto micro(nano)plastics surfaces,which further interfere with microbial activity and metabolic processes.Then,the specific performances and potential mechanisms by which micro(nano)plastics affect microbes were innovatively analyzed from the aspects of community variation,cellular activity and genetic expression.Moreover,various factors of micro(nano)plastics were found to influence their effects on microbes,including hormesis-like effects at different dosages,increased toxicity with decreasing particle size,enhanced biotoxicity due to surface functional groups,and variations in toxicity based on morphology and aggregation state.Furthermore,potential mitigation strategies,including activated carbon addition,thermal hydrolysis and cationic polyacrylamide application,were firstly summarized in here to alleviate inhibition on microbe.Finally,the current challenges and future directions were fully discussed and prospected.These insights could not only elucidate the biotoxic effects of micro(nano)plastics,but also provide a new avenue for helping to develop effective remediation techniques in micro(nano)plastic pollution management.
文摘BACKGROUND Thirst management in convalescent patients recovering from a digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia requires attention.A simple,practical,and safe method can effectively relieve thirst symptoms in such patients.AIM To evaluate the enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)-based evidence-based care(EBC)plus ice stimulation therapy for thirst management of convalescent patients following digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia.METHODS A total of 191 patients convalescing after digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia between March 2020 and February 2023 and experiencing thirst were selected.In total,89 patients and 102 patients in the control and research groups received routine care and ERAS-based EBC plus ice stimulation therapy,respectively.The following data were comparatively analyzed:(1)Thirst degree(thirst intensity numerical rating scale)and thirst distress(TD)degree(TD scale);(2)Oral mucosal wetness;(3)Unstimulated whole salivary flow rate(UWSFR);(4)Adverse reactions(palpitation,fatigue,chapped lips,and nausea and vomiting);and(5)Nursing satisfaction.RESULTS After nursing,thirst degree and distress were statistically lower in the research group than in the control group.Additionally,compared with the control group,the research group exhibited a lower degree of oral mucosal wetness,higher UWSFR,fewer adverse reactions,and more total nursing satisfaction.CONCLUSION ERAS-based EBC plus ice stimulation therapy can effectively alleviate thirst in convalescent patients recovering from a digestive surgery performed under general anesthesia.It can alleviate xerostomia symptoms,reduce adverse reactions,and improve patient comfort.
