The Ti（C,N）precipitation and texture evolution in ultra-low carbon Ti-bearing enamel steel were studied to discover their correlation.Two different cooling paths of simulative coiling were adopted to gain different ...The Ti（C,N）precipitation and texture evolution in ultra-low carbon Ti-bearing enamel steel were studied to discover their correlation.Two different cooling paths of simulative coiling were adopted to gain different morphologies of Ti（C,N）precipitate in hot strips.It is found that the Ti（C,N）precipitate in hot strip using Path 2（put into asbestos box and air cooled）are finer and much more in quantity than that in hot strip using Path 1（held at 730℃ for 30min and furnace cooled）.The morphology of Ti（C,N）precipitate in hot strip has great effect on recrystallization texture in the subsequent cold-rolled annealed sheet.γ-fiber texture of strong recrystallization is gained in coldrolled and annealed sheet came from Path 1.On the contrary,in the one came from Path 2,theγ-fiber texture is weak.This may be due to the pinning force of numerous fine Ti（C,N）precipitate which retard the growth of preferential nucleated{111}orientated grains.Annealed steel sheets in the test came from both paths have excellent fishscale resistance.展开更多
The forbidden pitch ＂dip＂ in the critical dimension （CD） through the pitch curve is a well-known optical proximity effect. The CD and CD process window near the ＂dip＂,usually found near a pitch range of 1.1 to 1...The forbidden pitch ＂dip＂ in the critical dimension （CD） through the pitch curve is a well-known optical proximity effect. The CD and CD process window near the ＂dip＂,usually found near a pitch range of 1.1 to 1.4 wavelength/ NA （numerical aperture）,is smaller when compared with other pitches. This is caused by inadequate imaging contrast for an unequal line and space grating. Although this effect is relatively well-known, its relationship with typical process condition parameters,such as the effective image blur caused by the photo-acid diffusion during the post exposure bake or the aberration in the imaging lens, has not been systematically studied. In this paper, we will examine the correlation between the image blur and the effect on the CD, including the decrease in the CD value （the depth of the ＂dip＂） and the CD process window. We find that both the decrease in the CD value and the focus latitude near the forbidden pitch correlate very well with the effective Gaussian image blur. Longer effective diffusion length correlates well with a smaller process window and a deeper CD ＂dip＂. We conclude that the dip depth is very sensitive to the change in image contrast.展开更多
Noninvasive drug delivery systems are well applied due to their safety,convenience,and patient compliance[1].However,drug permeability in traditional noninvasive drug delivery systems is limited,and it is difficult to...Noninvasive drug delivery systems are well applied due to their safety,convenience,and patient compliance[1].However,drug permeability in traditional noninvasive drug delivery systems is limited,and it is difficult to regulate the administration time and dosage[2].The depth of drug permeability is mainly impeded by geometry obstruction and diffusional resistance of the stratum corneum,which consists of 10 to 30 layers of keratinized corneocytes embedded in an extracellular lipid matrix.It is a great challenge to overcome stratum corneum to enhance drug permeation across skin[3].The latest publication in Advanced Materials from the teams of Cai,Cui,and Bai introduced a new type of nanobubble ultrasonic coupling hydrogel,which is built by dynamic Schiff base cross-linking between nanobubbles and aminated hyaluronic acid(HA)[4].This ultrasound coupling hydrogel opens new insights in noninvasive drug delivery because it effciently overcomes the skin barrier and achieves precise spatiotemporal drug delivery by ultrasound-amplified cavitation effect.展开更多
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(50527402)National Basic Research Program(973Program)of China(2011CB606306-2)
文摘The Ti（C,N）precipitation and texture evolution in ultra-low carbon Ti-bearing enamel steel were studied to discover their correlation.Two different cooling paths of simulative coiling were adopted to gain different morphologies of Ti（C,N）precipitate in hot strips.It is found that the Ti（C,N）precipitate in hot strip using Path 2（put into asbestos box and air cooled）are finer and much more in quantity than that in hot strip using Path 1（held at 730℃ for 30min and furnace cooled）.The morphology of Ti（C,N）precipitate in hot strip has great effect on recrystallization texture in the subsequent cold-rolled annealed sheet.γ-fiber texture of strong recrystallization is gained in coldrolled and annealed sheet came from Path 1.On the contrary,in the one came from Path 2,theγ-fiber texture is weak.This may be due to the pinning force of numerous fine Ti（C,N）precipitate which retard the growth of preferential nucleated{111}orientated grains.Annealed steel sheets in the test came from both paths have excellent fishscale resistance.
文摘The forbidden pitch ＂dip＂ in the critical dimension （CD） through the pitch curve is a well-known optical proximity effect. The CD and CD process window near the ＂dip＂,usually found near a pitch range of 1.1 to 1.4 wavelength/ NA （numerical aperture）,is smaller when compared with other pitches. This is caused by inadequate imaging contrast for an unequal line and space grating. Although this effect is relatively well-known, its relationship with typical process condition parameters,such as the effective image blur caused by the photo-acid diffusion during the post exposure bake or the aberration in the imaging lens, has not been systematically studied. In this paper, we will examine the correlation between the image blur and the effect on the CD, including the decrease in the CD value （the depth of the ＂dip＂） and the CD process window. We find that both the decrease in the CD value and the focus latitude near the forbidden pitch correlate very well with the effective Gaussian image blur. Longer effective diffusion length correlates well with a smaller process window and a deeper CD ＂dip＂. We conclude that the dip depth is very sensitive to the change in image contrast.
基金support from the UMCG Research Fundssupport from China Scholarship Council.
文摘Noninvasive drug delivery systems are well applied due to their safety,convenience,and patient compliance[1].However,drug permeability in traditional noninvasive drug delivery systems is limited,and it is difficult to regulate the administration time and dosage[2].The depth of drug permeability is mainly impeded by geometry obstruction and diffusional resistance of the stratum corneum,which consists of 10 to 30 layers of keratinized corneocytes embedded in an extracellular lipid matrix.It is a great challenge to overcome stratum corneum to enhance drug permeation across skin[3].The latest publication in Advanced Materials from the teams of Cai,Cui,and Bai introduced a new type of nanobubble ultrasonic coupling hydrogel,which is built by dynamic Schiff base cross-linking between nanobubbles and aminated hyaluronic acid(HA)[4].This ultrasound coupling hydrogel opens new insights in noninvasive drug delivery because it effciently overcomes the skin barrier and achieves precise spatiotemporal drug delivery by ultrasound-amplified cavitation effect.
