We obtain several estimates of the essential norms of the products of differen- tiation operators and weighted composition operators between weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions with general weights. As applic...We obtain several estimates of the essential norms of the products of differen- tiation operators and weighted composition operators between weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions with general weights. As applications, we also give estimates of the es- sential norms of weighted composition operators between weighted Banach space of analytic functions and Bloch-type spaces.展开更多
We characterize boundedness and compactness of products of differentiation op- erators and weighted composition operators between weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions and weighted Zygmund spaces or weighted Bl...We characterize boundedness and compactness of products of differentiation op- erators and weighted composition operators between weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions and weighted Zygmund spaces or weighted Bloch spaces with general weights.展开更多
We study the boundedness and compactness of the weighted composition followed and proceeded by differentiation operators from Q_k（p,q）space to weighted α-Bloch space and little weighted α-Bloch space.Some necessar...We study the boundedness and compactness of the weighted composition followed and proceeded by differentiation operators from Q_k（p,q）space to weighted α-Bloch space and little weighted α-Bloch space.Some necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness and compactness of these operators are given.展开更多
The boundness and compactness of products of multiplication,composition and differentiation on weighted Bergman spaces in the unit ball are studied.We define the differentiation operator on the space of holomorphic fu...The boundness and compactness of products of multiplication,composition and differentiation on weighted Bergman spaces in the unit ball are studied.We define the differentiation operator on the space of holomorphic functions in the unit ball by radial derivative.Then we extend the Sharma's results.展开更多
In this paper,we give a complete characterization of all self-adjoint domains of odd order differential operators on two intervals.These two intervals with all four endpoints are singular(one endpoint of each interval...In this paper,we give a complete characterization of all self-adjoint domains of odd order differential operators on two intervals.These two intervals with all four endpoints are singular(one endpoint of each interval is singular or all four endpoints are regulars are the special cases).And these extensions yield"new"self-adjoint operators,which involve interactions between the two intervals.展开更多
In this paper, we introduce new subclasses Sp,q,^mj,l λ[A,B;γ]and Hp,q,λ^m,j,l（α,β）of certain p-valent analytic functions defined by a generalized differential operator. Majorizationproperties for functions bel...In this paper, we introduce new subclasses Sp,q,^mj,l λ[A,B;γ]and Hp,q,λ^m,j,l（α,β）of certain p-valent analytic functions defined by a generalized differential operator. Majorizationproperties for functions belonging to the classes Sp,q,^mj,l λ[A,B;γ]and Hp,q,λ^m,j,l（α,β）are investigated. Also, we point out some new or known consequences of our main results.展开更多
The main focus of this study is to investigate the impact of heat generation/absorption with ramp velocity and ramp temperature on magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)time-dependent Maxwell fluid over an unbounded plate embedded ...The main focus of this study is to investigate the impact of heat generation/absorption with ramp velocity and ramp temperature on magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)time-dependent Maxwell fluid over an unbounded plate embedded in a permeable medium.Non-dimensional parameters along with Laplace transformation and inversion algorithms are used to find the solution of shear stress,energy,and velocity profile.Recently,new fractional differential operators are used to define ramped temperature and ramped velocity.The obtained analytical solutions are plotted for different values of emerging parameters.Fractional time derivatives are used to analyze the impact of fractional parameters(memory effect)on the dynamics of the fluid.While making a comparison,it is observed that the fractional-order model is best to explain the memory effect as compared to classical models.Our results suggest that the velocity profile decrease by increasing the effective Prandtl number.The existence of an effective Prandtl number may reflect the control of the thickness of momentum and enlargement of thermal conductivity.The incremental value of the M is observed for a decrease in the velocity field,which reflects to control resistive force.Further,it is noted that the Atangana-Baleanu derivative in Caputo sense(ABC)is the best to highlight the dynamics of the fluid.The influence of pertinent parameters is analyzed graphically for velocity and energy profile.Expressions for skin friction and Nusselt number are also derived for fractional differential operators.展开更多
In the cost function of three- or four-dimensional variational dataassimilation, each term is weighted by the inverse of its associated error covariance matrix and thebackground error covariance matrix is usually much...In the cost function of three- or four-dimensional variational dataassimilation, each term is weighted by the inverse of its associated error covariance matrix and thebackground error covariance matrix is usually much larger than the other covariance matrices.Although the background error covariances are traditionally normalized and parameterized by simplesmooth homogeneous correlation functions, the covariance matrices constructed from these correlationfunctions are often too large to be inverted or even manipulated. It is thus desirable to finddirect representations of the inverses of background error correlations. This problem is studied inthis paper. In particular, it is shown that the background term can be written into ∫ dx∣Dυ(x)∣~2, that is, a squared 1/2 norm of a vector differential operator D, called theD-operator, applied to the field of analysis increment υ(x). For autoregressive correlationfunctions, the D-operators are of finite orders. For Gaussian correlation functions, the D-operatorsare of infinite order. For practical applications, the Gaussian D-operators must be truncated tofinite orders. The truncation errors are found to be small even when the Gaussian D-operators aretruncated to low orders. With a truncated D-operator, the background term can be easily constructedwith neither inversion nor direct calculation of the covariance matrix. D-operators are also derivedfor non-Gaussian correlations and transformed into non-isotropic forms.展开更多
The spectrum of a class of fourth order left-definite differential operators is studied. By using the theory of indefinite differential operators in Krein space and the relationship between left-definite and right-def...The spectrum of a class of fourth order left-definite differential operators is studied. By using the theory of indefinite differential operators in Krein space and the relationship between left-definite and right-definite operators, the following conclusions are obtained： if a fourth order differential operator with a self-adjoint boundary condition that is left-definite and right-indefinite, then all its eigenvalues are real, and there exist countably infinitely many positive and negative eigenvalues which are unbounded from below and above, have no finite cluster point and can be indexed to satisfy the inequality …≤λ-2≤λ-1≤λ-0〈0〈λ0≤λ1≤λ2≤…展开更多
Because of the features involved with their varied kernels,differential operators relying on convolution formulations have been acknowledged as effective mathematical resources for modeling real-world issues.In this p...Because of the features involved with their varied kernels,differential operators relying on convolution formulations have been acknowledged as effective mathematical resources for modeling real-world issues.In this paper,we constructed a stochastic fractional framework of measles spreading mechanisms with dual medication immunization considering the exponential decay and Mittag-Leffler kernels.In this approach,the overall population was separated into five cohorts.Furthermore,the descriptive behavior of the system was investigated,including prerequisites for the positivity of solutions,invariant domain of the solution,presence and stability of equilibrium points,and sensitivity analysis.We included a stochastic element in every cohort and employed linear growth and Lipschitz criteria to show the existence and uniqueness of solutions.Several numerical simulations for various fractional orders and randomization intensities are illustrated.展开更多
In this paper, Leibniz' formula of generalized divided difference with respect to a class of differential operators whose basic sets of solutions have power form, is considered. The recurrence formula of Green fun...In this paper, Leibniz' formula of generalized divided difference with respect to a class of differential operators whose basic sets of solutions have power form, is considered. The recurrence formula of Green function about the operators is also given.展开更多
For linear partial differential equation 〔 2t 2-a 2P( x)〕 m u=f(x,t), where m1,X∈R n,t∈R 1, the author gives the analytic solution of the initial value problem using the operators sh(tP( x) 1/2 )...For linear partial differential equation 〔 2t 2-a 2P( x)〕 m u=f(x,t), where m1,X∈R n,t∈R 1, the author gives the analytic solution of the initial value problem using the operators sh(tP( x) 1/2 )P( x) 1/2 . By representing the operators with integrals, explicit solutions are obtained with an integral form of a given function.展开更多
In this paper, we introduce new subclasses of p-valent analytic functions defined by using differential operator in the open unit disc. We study coefficient inequality, distortion theorem, radius of close to-convexity...In this paper, we introduce new subclasses of p-valent analytic functions defined by using differential operator in the open unit disc. We study coefficient inequality, distortion theorem, radius of close to-convexity, starlikeness and convexity, extreme points and integral operator for functions in these new subclasses.展开更多
When D: <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">...When D: <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ξ</span></span></em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">→</span></span><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">η</span></span></em><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"></span></em><em></em></span> </span>is a linear differential operator, a “direct problem” is to find the generating compatibility conditions (CC) in the form of an operator D<sub>1</sub>: <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">η</span></span></em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">→</span></span><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ξ</span> </span></em></span></span>such that <span style="white-space:nowrap;">D<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ξ</span></span></em></span>=<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">η</span></span></em></span></span> implies <span style="white-space:nowrap;">D<sub>1</sub><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">η</span></span></em></span>=0</span>. When D is involutive, the procedure provides successive first order involutive operators D1, ..., D<sub>n</sub>, when the ground manifold has dimension <em>n</em>, a result first found by M. Janet as early as in 1920, in a footnote. However, the link between this “Janet sequence” and the “Spencer sequence” first found by the author of this paper in 1978 is still not acknowledged. Conversely, when D<sub>1</sub> is given, a more difficult “inverse problem” is to look for an operator D: <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ξ</span></em></em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">→</span><em><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">η</span></em><em></em><em></em> </em><em></em></span> </span>having the generating CC <span style="white-space:nowrap;">D<sub>1</sub><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">η</span></span></em></span><em></em>=0</span>. If this is possible, that is when the differential module defined by D<sub>1</sub> is torsion-free, one shall say that the operator D<sub>1</sub> is parametrized by D and there is no relation in general between D and D<sub>2</sub>. The parametrization is said to be “minimum” if the differential module defined by D has a vanishing differential rank and is thus a torsion module. The solution of this problem, first found by the author of this paper in 1995, is still not acknowledged. As for the applications of the “differential double duality” theory to standard equations of physics (<em>Cauchy</em> and Maxwell equations can be parametrized while <em>Einstein</em> equations cannot), we do not know other references. When <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "="">erator in arbitrary dimension</span>=1 as in control theory, the fact that controllability is a “built in” property of a control system, amounting to the existence of a parametrization and thus not depending on the choice of inputs and outputs, even with variable coefficients, is still not acknowledged by engineers. The parametrization of the <em>Cauchy</em> stress operator in arbitrary dimension <em>n</em> has nevertheless attracted, “separately” and without any general “guiding line”, many famous scientists (G.B. Airy in 1863 for <em>n </em>= 2, J.C. Maxwell in 1863, G. Morera and E. Beltrami in 1892 for <em style="white-space:normal;">n </em><span style="white-space:normal;">= 3</span> , A. Einstein in 1915 for <em style="white-space:normal;">n </em><span style="white-space:normal;">= 4</span> ). The aim of this paper is to solve the minimum parametrization problem in arbitrary dimension and to apply it through effective methods that could even be achieved by using computer algebra. Meanwhile, we prove that all these works are using the <em>Einstein</em> operator which is self-adjoint and not the <em>Ricci</em> operator, a fact showing that the <em>Einstein</em> operator, which cannot be parametrized, has already been exhibited by Beltrami more than 20 years before <em>Einstein</em>. As a byproduct, they are all based on the same confusion between the so-called <em>div</em> operator induced from the <em>Bianchi </em>operator D<sub>2</sub> and the <em>Cauchy</em> operator which is the formal adjoint of the Killing operator D parametrizing the Riemann operator D<sub>1</sub> for an arbitrary <em>n</em>. We prove that this purely mathematical result deeply questions the origin and existence of gravitational waves. We also present the similar motivating situation met in the study of contact structures when <em>n</em> = 3. Like the Michelson and Morley experiment, it is thus an open historical problem to know whether <em>Einstein</em> was aware of these previous works or not, but the comparison needs no comment.展开更多
Making use of the fractional differential operator, we impose and study a new class of analytic functions in the unit disk （type fractional differential equation）. The main object of this paper is to investigate inc...Making use of the fractional differential operator, we impose and study a new class of analytic functions in the unit disk （type fractional differential equation）. The main object of this paper is to investigate inclusion relations, coefficient bound for this class. Moreover, we discuss some geometric properties of the fractional differential operator.展开更多
This paper provides several linear isomorphism theorems for certain nonsymmetric differential operators of sixth order under proper topologies about some complex parameters. From these results, one can, to a large ext...This paper provides several linear isomorphism theorems for certain nonsymmetric differential operators of sixth order under proper topologies about some complex parameters. From these results, one can, to a large extent, explain and control the stability of some objects in their moving processes.展开更多
In this paper, we prove that a kind of second order stochastic differential op- erator can be represented by the limit of solutions of BSDEs with uniformly continuous coefficients. This result is a generalization of t...In this paper, we prove that a kind of second order stochastic differential op- erator can be represented by the limit of solutions of BSDEs with uniformly continuous coefficients. This result is a generalization of the representation for the uniformly continuous generator. With the help of this representation, we obtain the corresponding converse comparison theorem for the BSDEs with uniformly continuous coefficients, and get some equivalent relationships between the properties of the generator g and the associated solutions of BSDEs. Moreover, we give a new proof about g-convexity.展开更多
Following the approach of our previous paper we continue to study the asymptotic solution of periodic Schrodinger operators. Using the eigenvalues obtained earlier the corresponding asymptotic wave functions are deriv...Following the approach of our previous paper we continue to study the asymptotic solution of periodic Schrodinger operators. Using the eigenvalues obtained earlier the corresponding asymptotic wave functions are derived. This gives further evidence in favor of the monodromy relations for the Floquet exponent proposed in the previous paper. In particular, the large energy asymptotic wave functions are related to the instanton partition function of N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theory with surface operator. A relevant number theoretic dessert is appended.展开更多
文摘We obtain several estimates of the essential norms of the products of differen- tiation operators and weighted composition operators between weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions with general weights. As applications, we also give estimates of the es- sential norms of weighted composition operators between weighted Banach space of analytic functions and Bloch-type spaces.
基金supported by SQU Grant No.IG/SCI/DOMS/16/12The second author was partially supported by NSFC(11720101003)the Project of International Science and Technology Cooperation Innovation Platform in Universities in Guangdong Province(2014KGJHZ007)
文摘We characterize boundedness and compactness of products of differentiation op- erators and weighted composition operators between weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions and weighted Zygmund spaces or weighted Bloch spaces with general weights.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11171080)the Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province (Grant No.2010[07])
文摘We study the boundedness and compactness of the weighted composition followed and proceeded by differentiation operators from Q_k（p,q）space to weighted α-Bloch space and little weighted α-Bloch space.Some necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness and compactness of these operators are given.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province in China(2018KTSCX161)。
文摘The boundness and compactness of products of multiplication,composition and differentiation on weighted Bergman spaces in the unit ball are studied.We define the differentiation operator on the space of holomorphic functions in the unit ball by radial derivative.Then we extend the Sharma's results.
基金Supported by NSFC (No.12361027)NSF of Inner Mongolia (No.2018MS01021)+1 种基金NSF of Shandong Province (No.ZR2020QA009)Science and Technology Innovation Program for Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi Province (No.2024L533)。
文摘In this paper,we give a complete characterization of all self-adjoint domains of odd order differential operators on two intervals.These two intervals with all four endpoints are singular(one endpoint of each interval is singular or all four endpoints are regulars are the special cases).And these extensions yield"new"self-adjoint operators,which involve interactions between the two intervals.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11271045)the Funds of Doctoral Programme of China(Grant No.20100003110004)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Province(Grant No.2010MS0117)
文摘In this paper, we introduce new subclasses Sp,q,^mj,l λ[A,B;γ]and Hp,q,λ^m,j,l（α,β）of certain p-valent analytic functions defined by a generalized differential operator. Majorizationproperties for functions belonging to the classes Sp,q,^mj,l λ[A,B;γ]and Hp,q,λ^m,j,l（α,β）are investigated. Also, we point out some new or known consequences of our main results.
文摘The main focus of this study is to investigate the impact of heat generation/absorption with ramp velocity and ramp temperature on magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)time-dependent Maxwell fluid over an unbounded plate embedded in a permeable medium.Non-dimensional parameters along with Laplace transformation and inversion algorithms are used to find the solution of shear stress,energy,and velocity profile.Recently,new fractional differential operators are used to define ramped temperature and ramped velocity.The obtained analytical solutions are plotted for different values of emerging parameters.Fractional time derivatives are used to analyze the impact of fractional parameters(memory effect)on the dynamics of the fluid.While making a comparison,it is observed that the fractional-order model is best to explain the memory effect as compared to classical models.Our results suggest that the velocity profile decrease by increasing the effective Prandtl number.The existence of an effective Prandtl number may reflect the control of the thickness of momentum and enlargement of thermal conductivity.The incremental value of the M is observed for a decrease in the velocity field,which reflects to control resistive force.Further,it is noted that the Atangana-Baleanu derivative in Caputo sense(ABC)is the best to highlight the dynamics of the fluid.The influence of pertinent parameters is analyzed graphically for velocity and energy profile.Expressions for skin friction and Nusselt number are also derived for fractional differential operators.
文摘In the cost function of three- or four-dimensional variational dataassimilation, each term is weighted by the inverse of its associated error covariance matrix and thebackground error covariance matrix is usually much larger than the other covariance matrices.Although the background error covariances are traditionally normalized and parameterized by simplesmooth homogeneous correlation functions, the covariance matrices constructed from these correlationfunctions are often too large to be inverted or even manipulated. It is thus desirable to finddirect representations of the inverses of background error correlations. This problem is studied inthis paper. In particular, it is shown that the background term can be written into ∫ dx∣Dυ(x)∣~2, that is, a squared 1/2 norm of a vector differential operator D, called theD-operator, applied to the field of analysis increment υ(x). For autoregressive correlationfunctions, the D-operators are of finite orders. For Gaussian correlation functions, the D-operatorsare of infinite order. For practical applications, the Gaussian D-operators must be truncated tofinite orders. The truncation errors are found to be small even when the Gaussian D-operators aretruncated to low orders. With a truncated D-operator, the background term can be easily constructedwith neither inversion nor direct calculation of the covariance matrix. D-operators are also derivedfor non-Gaussian correlations and transformed into non-isotropic forms.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10561005)the Doctor's Discipline Fund of the Ministry of Education of China(20040126008)
文摘The spectrum of a class of fourth order left-definite differential operators is studied. By using the theory of indefinite differential operators in Krein space and the relationship between left-definite and right-definite operators, the following conclusions are obtained： if a fourth order differential operator with a self-adjoint boundary condition that is left-definite and right-indefinite, then all its eigenvalues are real, and there exist countably infinitely many positive and negative eigenvalues which are unbounded from below and above, have no finite cluster point and can be indexed to satisfy the inequality …≤λ-2≤λ-1≤λ-0〈0〈λ0≤λ1≤λ2≤…
文摘Because of the features involved with their varied kernels,differential operators relying on convolution formulations have been acknowledged as effective mathematical resources for modeling real-world issues.In this paper,we constructed a stochastic fractional framework of measles spreading mechanisms with dual medication immunization considering the exponential decay and Mittag-Leffler kernels.In this approach,the overall population was separated into five cohorts.Furthermore,the descriptive behavior of the system was investigated,including prerequisites for the positivity of solutions,invariant domain of the solution,presence and stability of equilibrium points,and sensitivity analysis.We included a stochastic element in every cohort and employed linear growth and Lipschitz criteria to show the existence and uniqueness of solutions.Several numerical simulations for various fractional orders and randomization intensities are illustrated.
文摘In this paper, Leibniz' formula of generalized divided difference with respect to a class of differential operators whose basic sets of solutions have power form, is considered. The recurrence formula of Green function about the operators is also given.
文摘For linear partial differential equation 〔 2t 2-a 2P( x)〕 m u=f(x,t), where m1,X∈R n,t∈R 1, the author gives the analytic solution of the initial value problem using the operators sh(tP( x) 1/2 )P( x) 1/2 . By representing the operators with integrals, explicit solutions are obtained with an integral form of a given function.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the People’s Republic of China under Grant（11561001） Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia of the People’s Republic of China under Grant（2014MS0101）
文摘In this paper, we introduce new subclasses of p-valent analytic functions defined by using differential operator in the open unit disc. We study coefficient inequality, distortion theorem, radius of close to-convexity, starlikeness and convexity, extreme points and integral operator for functions in these new subclasses.
文摘When D: <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ξ</span></span></em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">→</span></span><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">η</span></span></em><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"></span></em><em></em></span> </span>is a linear differential operator, a “direct problem” is to find the generating compatibility conditions (CC) in the form of an operator D<sub>1</sub>: <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">η</span></span></em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">→</span></span><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ξ</span> </span></em></span></span>such that <span style="white-space:nowrap;">D<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ξ</span></span></em></span>=<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">η</span></span></em></span></span> implies <span style="white-space:nowrap;">D<sub>1</sub><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">η</span></span></em></span>=0</span>. When D is involutive, the procedure provides successive first order involutive operators D1, ..., D<sub>n</sub>, when the ground manifold has dimension <em>n</em>, a result first found by M. Janet as early as in 1920, in a footnote. However, the link between this “Janet sequence” and the “Spencer sequence” first found by the author of this paper in 1978 is still not acknowledged. Conversely, when D<sub>1</sub> is given, a more difficult “inverse problem” is to look for an operator D: <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ξ</span></em></em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">→</span><em><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">η</span></em><em></em><em></em> </em><em></em></span> </span>having the generating CC <span style="white-space:nowrap;">D<sub>1</sub><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">η</span></span></em></span><em></em>=0</span>. If this is possible, that is when the differential module defined by D<sub>1</sub> is torsion-free, one shall say that the operator D<sub>1</sub> is parametrized by D and there is no relation in general between D and D<sub>2</sub>. The parametrization is said to be “minimum” if the differential module defined by D has a vanishing differential rank and is thus a torsion module. The solution of this problem, first found by the author of this paper in 1995, is still not acknowledged. As for the applications of the “differential double duality” theory to standard equations of physics (<em>Cauchy</em> and Maxwell equations can be parametrized while <em>Einstein</em> equations cannot), we do not know other references. When <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "="">erator in arbitrary dimension</span>=1 as in control theory, the fact that controllability is a “built in” property of a control system, amounting to the existence of a parametrization and thus not depending on the choice of inputs and outputs, even with variable coefficients, is still not acknowledged by engineers. The parametrization of the <em>Cauchy</em> stress operator in arbitrary dimension <em>n</em> has nevertheless attracted, “separately” and without any general “guiding line”, many famous scientists (G.B. Airy in 1863 for <em>n </em>= 2, J.C. Maxwell in 1863, G. Morera and E. Beltrami in 1892 for <em style="white-space:normal;">n </em><span style="white-space:normal;">= 3</span> , A. Einstein in 1915 for <em style="white-space:normal;">n </em><span style="white-space:normal;">= 4</span> ). The aim of this paper is to solve the minimum parametrization problem in arbitrary dimension and to apply it through effective methods that could even be achieved by using computer algebra. Meanwhile, we prove that all these works are using the <em>Einstein</em> operator which is self-adjoint and not the <em>Ricci</em> operator, a fact showing that the <em>Einstein</em> operator, which cannot be parametrized, has already been exhibited by Beltrami more than 20 years before <em>Einstein</em>. As a byproduct, they are all based on the same confusion between the so-called <em>div</em> operator induced from the <em>Bianchi </em>operator D<sub>2</sub> and the <em>Cauchy</em> operator which is the formal adjoint of the Killing operator D parametrizing the Riemann operator D<sub>1</sub> for an arbitrary <em>n</em>. We prove that this purely mathematical result deeply questions the origin and existence of gravitational waves. We also present the similar motivating situation met in the study of contact structures when <em>n</em> = 3. Like the Michelson and Morley experiment, it is thus an open historical problem to know whether <em>Einstein</em> was aware of these previous works or not, but the comparison needs no comment.
文摘Making use of the fractional differential operator, we impose and study a new class of analytic functions in the unit disk （type fractional differential equation）. The main object of this paper is to investigate inclusion relations, coefficient bound for this class. Moreover, we discuss some geometric properties of the fractional differential operator.
文摘This paper provides several linear isomorphism theorems for certain nonsymmetric differential operators of sixth order under proper topologies about some complex parameters. From these results, one can, to a large extent, explain and control the stability of some objects in their moving processes.
基金the partial support from the NSF of China(11171186)the NSF of Shandong Province(ZR2010AM021)the "111" project
文摘In this paper, we prove that a kind of second order stochastic differential op- erator can be represented by the limit of solutions of BSDEs with uniformly continuous coefficients. This result is a generalization of the representation for the uniformly continuous generator. With the help of this representation, we obtain the corresponding converse comparison theorem for the BSDEs with uniformly continuous coefficients, and get some equivalent relationships between the properties of the generator g and the associated solutions of BSDEs. Moreover, we give a new proof about g-convexity.
基金supported by the FAPESP No.2011/21812-8,through IFT-UNESP
文摘Following the approach of our previous paper we continue to study the asymptotic solution of periodic Schrodinger operators. Using the eigenvalues obtained earlier the corresponding asymptotic wave functions are derived. This gives further evidence in favor of the monodromy relations for the Floquet exponent proposed in the previous paper. In particular, the large energy asymptotic wave functions are related to the instanton partition function of N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theory with surface operator. A relevant number theoretic dessert is appended.
