The age of the Longzhaogou and Jixi Groups of coal measures in eastern Heilongjiang were previouslyconsidered to be Jurassic or mainly Jurassic. But there occur Middle Barremian-Early Albian Aucellina(bivalvia) fossil...The age of the Longzhaogou and Jixi Groups of coal measures in eastern Heilongjiang were previouslyconsidered to be Jurassic or mainly Jurassic. But there occur Middle Barremian-Early Albian Aucellina(bivalvia) fossils in the Upper Yunshan Formation of the Longzhaogou Group and the Lower Chengzihe For-mation of the Jixi Group, and the Qihulin Formation of the Longzhaogou Group yields Early Cretaceousbivalve and ammonite fossils. Consequently, the geological ages of the two groups are mainly, or even all, Ear-ly Cretaceous.展开更多
Background:Techniques of facial age progression help in predicting the evolution of facial features over a period of time by maintaining the individual identity.Aims and Objectives:This study aims to investigate a 3-y...Background:Techniques of facial age progression help in predicting the evolution of facial features over a period of time by maintaining the individual identity.Aims and Objectives:This study aims to investigate a 3-year age progression in individuals across the 1-10,11-20,and 21-30 years of age groups,utilizing pixel-based analysis to identify changes in ten facial regions:forehead,periorbital(left and right),perinasal,maxillary(left and right),maxillary angle(left and right),and zygomatic arch(left and right).Materials and Methods:Digital anthropometric measurements were calculated from images selected at 3-year intervals.Pixel-based analyses were performed on each region,and interobserver error analysis was conducted to assess measurement reliability.Results:Significant region-specific changes(P<0.0001 in most regions)were observed,with the exception of the forehead—which remained stable in certain age groups.The periorbital and maxillary regions exhibited the most pronounced transformations.Distinctive gender-and age-dependent patterns were also noted,and interobserver error analysis confirmed the robustness of the pixel-based measurements despite minor manual interpretation variations.Conclusion:The validation of these findings demonstrates the efficiency of pixel-based analysis for determining facial age progression.The observed 3-year interval changes underscore the importance of region-specific,standardized measurement procedures and provide a strong foundation for refining digital age progression methodologies in anthropological and forensic applications.展开更多
基金Director Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Academin Sinica.
文摘The age of the Longzhaogou and Jixi Groups of coal measures in eastern Heilongjiang were previouslyconsidered to be Jurassic or mainly Jurassic. But there occur Middle Barremian-Early Albian Aucellina(bivalvia) fossils in the Upper Yunshan Formation of the Longzhaogou Group and the Lower Chengzihe For-mation of the Jixi Group, and the Qihulin Formation of the Longzhaogou Group yields Early Cretaceousbivalve and ammonite fossils. Consequently, the geological ages of the two groups are mainly, or even all, Ear-ly Cretaceous.
文摘Background:Techniques of facial age progression help in predicting the evolution of facial features over a period of time by maintaining the individual identity.Aims and Objectives:This study aims to investigate a 3-year age progression in individuals across the 1-10,11-20,and 21-30 years of age groups,utilizing pixel-based analysis to identify changes in ten facial regions:forehead,periorbital(left and right),perinasal,maxillary(left and right),maxillary angle(left and right),and zygomatic arch(left and right).Materials and Methods:Digital anthropometric measurements were calculated from images selected at 3-year intervals.Pixel-based analyses were performed on each region,and interobserver error analysis was conducted to assess measurement reliability.Results:Significant region-specific changes(P<0.0001 in most regions)were observed,with the exception of the forehead—which remained stable in certain age groups.The periorbital and maxillary regions exhibited the most pronounced transformations.Distinctive gender-and age-dependent patterns were also noted,and interobserver error analysis confirmed the robustness of the pixel-based measurements despite minor manual interpretation variations.Conclusion:The validation of these findings demonstrates the efficiency of pixel-based analysis for determining facial age progression.The observed 3-year interval changes underscore the importance of region-specific,standardized measurement procedures and provide a strong foundation for refining digital age progression methodologies in anthropological and forensic applications.
