本文主要介绍了GRADE(grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation),即推荐分级的评价、制定与评估工作组开发的基于证据形成推荐意见的EtD(evidence to decision),即证据到决策框架,该框架包含提出问题、评价...本文主要介绍了GRADE(grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation),即推荐分级的评价、制定与评估工作组开发的基于证据形成推荐意见的EtD(evidence to decision),即证据到决策框架,该框架包含提出问题、评价证据和形成推荐意见3个部分,为从证据形成推荐意见提供了结构化的决策工具。然后以“妊娠期糖尿病非药物管理患者指南”中1个临床问题“与常规护理或者不进行有氧运动相比,有氧运动是否能够降低妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)孕妇的血糖水平,改善妊娠结局?”为例,根据EtD框架,呈现如何从提出问题、评价证据到形成推荐意见的完整过程,为指南制订者形成推荐意见提供思路和方法。展开更多
To efficiently simulate and calculate the radar cross section(RCS) related electromagnetic problems by employing the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) algorithm, an efficient stretched coordinate perfectly matched l...To efficiently simulate and calculate the radar cross section(RCS) related electromagnetic problems by employing the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) algorithm, an efficient stretched coordinate perfectly matched layer(ESC-PML) based upon the exponential time differencing(ETD) method is proposed.The proposed implementation can not only reduce the number of auxiliary variables in the SC-PML regions but also maintain the ability of the original SC-PML in terms of the absorbing performance. Compared with the other existed algorithms, the ETDFDTD method shows the least memory consumption resulting in the computational efficiency. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed ESC-PML scheme is verified through the RCS relevant problems including the perfect E conductor(PEC) sphere model and the patch antenna model. The results indicate that the proposed scheme has the advantages of the ETD-FDTD method and ESC-PML scheme in terms of high computational efficiency and considerable computational accuracy.展开更多
Although a various of existing techniques are able to improve the performance of detection of the weak interesting sig- nal, how to adaptively and efficiently attenuate the intricate noises especially in the case of n...Although a various of existing techniques are able to improve the performance of detection of the weak interesting sig- nal, how to adaptively and efficiently attenuate the intricate noises especially in the case of no available reference noise signal is still the bottleneck to be overcome. According to the characteristics of sonar arrays, a multi-channel differencing method is presented to provide the prerequisite reference noise. However, the ingre- dient of obtained reference noise is too complicated to be used to effectively reduce the interference noise only using the clas- sical linear cancellation methods. Hence, a novel adaptive noise cancellation method based on the multi-kernel normalized least- mean-square algorithm consisting of weighted linear and Gaussian kernel functions is proposed, which allows to simultaneously con- sider the cancellation of linear and nonlinear components in the reference noise. The simulation results demonstrate that the out- put signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） of the novel multi-kernel adaptive filtering method outperforms the conventional linear normalized least-mean-square method and the mono-kernel normalized least- mean-square method using the realistic noise data measured in the lake experiment.展开更多
A new multi function voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter using single Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifier (VD-DIBA), two capacitors and one resistor is proposed. The proposed configuration...A new multi function voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter using single Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifier (VD-DIBA), two capacitors and one resistor is proposed. The proposed configuration has four inputs and one output and can realize all the five standard filters from the same circuit configuration. The presented biquad filter offers low active and passive sensitivities. The validity of proposed universal biquadratic filter has been verified by SPICE simulation using 0.35 μm MIETEC technology.展开更多
We present the new predictor-corrector methods for systems of nonlinear differential equations, based on the method of exponential time differencing. We compare the present schemes with the explicit multistep exponent...We present the new predictor-corrector methods for systems of nonlinear differential equations, based on the method of exponential time differencing. We compare the present schemes with the explicit multistep exponential time differencing and Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method. The numerical results show that the schemes are more accurate and more efficient than Adams predictor-corrector method. The exponential time differencing method has been developed and perfected by the present studies.展开更多
The main purpose in developing the steganographic algorithms lies in achieving most of the steganographic objectives which comprise the embedding capacity, imperceptibility, security, robustness and complexity. In thi...The main purpose in developing the steganographic algorithms lies in achieving most of the steganographic objectives which comprise the embedding capacity, imperceptibility, security, robustness and complexity. In this paper, we propose a high quality steganographic algorithm using new block structure which makes a good use of both modulus function and pixel-value differencing, namely, MF-PVD. We have made many experiments with various test images from several galleries, such as USC-SIPI and UWATERLOO-LINK. The performance of our proposed algorithm is verified using three different performance metrics which include peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and embedding capacity (EC). Experimental results and comparisons with six pertinent state-of-art algorithms are given to prove the validation and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
In order to recover unknown space-dependent function G(x)or unknown time-dependent function H(t)in the wave source F(x;t)=G(x)H(t),we develop a technique of homogenized function and differencing equations,which can si...In order to recover unknown space-dependent function G(x)or unknown time-dependent function H(t)in the wave source F(x;t)=G(x)H(t),we develop a technique of homogenized function and differencing equations,which can significantly reduce the difficulty in the inverse wave source recovery problem,only needing to solve a few equations in the problem domain,since the initial condition/boundary conditions and a supplementary final time condition are satisfied automatically.As a consequence,the eigenfunctions are used to expand the trial solutions,and then a small scale linear system is solved to determine the expansion coefficients from the differencing equations.Because the ill-posedness of the inverse wave source problem is greatly reduced,the present method is accurate and stable against a large noise up to 50%,of which the numerical tests confirm the observation.展开更多
A new steganographic method by pixel-value differencing(PVD)using general quantization ranges of pixel pairs’difference values is proposed.The objective of this method is to provide a data embedding technique with a ...A new steganographic method by pixel-value differencing(PVD)using general quantization ranges of pixel pairs’difference values is proposed.The objective of this method is to provide a data embedding technique with a range table with range widths not limited to powers of 2,extending PVD-based methods to enhance their flexibility and data-embedding rates without changing their capabilities to resist security attacks.Specifically,the conventional PVD technique partitions a grayscale image into 1×2 non-overlapping blocks.The entire range[0,255]of all possible absolute values of the pixel pairs’grayscale differences in the blocks is divided into multiple quantization ranges.The width of each quantization range is a power of two to facilitate the direct embedding of the bit information with high embedding rates.Without using power-of-two range widths,the embedding rates can drop using conventional embedding techniques.In contrast,the proposed method uses general quantization range widths,and a multiple-based number conversion mechanism is employed skillfully to implement the use of nonpower-of-two range widths,with each pixel pair being employed to embed a digit in the multiple-based number.All the message bits are converted into a big multiple-based number whose digits can be embedded into the pixel pairs with a higher embedding rate.Good experimental results showed the feasibility of the proposed method and its resistance to security attacks.In addition,implementation examples are provided,where the proposed method adopts non-power-of-two range widths and employsmultiple-based number conversion to expand the data-hiding and steganalysis-resisting capabilities of other PVD methods.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new electronically controlled voltage mode sinusoidal oscillator (VMSO) using Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTA). The proposed circuit provides electron...The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new electronically controlled voltage mode sinusoidal oscillator (VMSO) using Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTA). The proposed circuit provides electronic control of ω0 and independent condition of oscillation (CO). It is found that the oscillator works very satisfactorily and pure sinusoidal waveforms are available at the outputs. The PSPICE simulation confirms the theoretical results. The proposed oscillator circuit employs only two VDTAs, along with two grounded capacitor and single grounded resistor. The circuit exhibits low active and passive sensitivities for ω0. Simulation results are obtained by using PSPICE software with TSMC CMOS 0.18 um process parameters.展开更多
A numerical method for American options pricing on assets under the Heston stochastic volatility model is developed.A preliminary transformation is applied to remove the mixed derivative term avoiding known numerical ...A numerical method for American options pricing on assets under the Heston stochastic volatility model is developed.A preliminary transformation is applied to remove the mixed derivative term avoiding known numerical drawbacks and reducing computational costs.Free boundary is treated by the penalty method.Transformed nonlinear partial differential equation is solved numerically by using the method of lines.For full discretization the exponential time differencing method is used.Numerical analysis establishes the stability and positivity of the proposed method.The numerical convergence behaviour and effectiveness are investigated in extensive numerical experiments.展开更多
The Filon-type quadrature is efficient for highly oscillatory functions - Fourier transforms. Based on Cox and Matthews' ETD schemes, the higher order single step exponential time differencing schemes are presente...The Filon-type quadrature is efficient for highly oscillatory functions - Fourier transforms. Based on Cox and Matthews' ETD schemes, the higher order single step exponential time differencing schemes are presented based on the Filon-type integration and the A-stability of the two-order Adams-Bashforth exponential time differencing scheme is considered. The effectiveness and accuracy of the schemes is tested.展开更多
文摘本文主要介绍了GRADE(grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation),即推荐分级的评价、制定与评估工作组开发的基于证据形成推荐意见的EtD(evidence to decision),即证据到决策框架,该框架包含提出问题、评价证据和形成推荐意见3个部分,为从证据形成推荐意见提供了结构化的决策工具。然后以“妊娠期糖尿病非药物管理患者指南”中1个临床问题“与常规护理或者不进行有氧运动相比,有氧运动是否能够降低妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)孕妇的血糖水平,改善妊娠结局?”为例,根据EtD框架,呈现如何从提出问题、评价证据到形成推荐意见的完整过程,为指南制订者形成推荐意见提供思路和方法。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61571022611971022)。
文摘To efficiently simulate and calculate the radar cross section(RCS) related electromagnetic problems by employing the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) algorithm, an efficient stretched coordinate perfectly matched layer(ESC-PML) based upon the exponential time differencing(ETD) method is proposed.The proposed implementation can not only reduce the number of auxiliary variables in the SC-PML regions but also maintain the ability of the original SC-PML in terms of the absorbing performance. Compared with the other existed algorithms, the ETDFDTD method shows the least memory consumption resulting in the computational efficiency. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed ESC-PML scheme is verified through the RCS relevant problems including the perfect E conductor(PEC) sphere model and the patch antenna model. The results indicate that the proposed scheme has the advantages of the ETD-FDTD method and ESC-PML scheme in terms of high computational efficiency and considerable computational accuracy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6100115361271415)+2 种基金the Opening Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Processing and Control(9140C231002130C23085)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102014JCQ010103102014ZD0041)
文摘Although a various of existing techniques are able to improve the performance of detection of the weak interesting sig- nal, how to adaptively and efficiently attenuate the intricate noises especially in the case of no available reference noise signal is still the bottleneck to be overcome. According to the characteristics of sonar arrays, a multi-channel differencing method is presented to provide the prerequisite reference noise. However, the ingre- dient of obtained reference noise is too complicated to be used to effectively reduce the interference noise only using the clas- sical linear cancellation methods. Hence, a novel adaptive noise cancellation method based on the multi-kernel normalized least- mean-square algorithm consisting of weighted linear and Gaussian kernel functions is proposed, which allows to simultaneously con- sider the cancellation of linear and nonlinear components in the reference noise. The simulation results demonstrate that the out- put signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） of the novel multi-kernel adaptive filtering method outperforms the conventional linear normalized least-mean-square method and the mono-kernel normalized least- mean-square method using the realistic noise data measured in the lake experiment.
文摘A new multi function voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter using single Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifier (VD-DIBA), two capacitors and one resistor is proposed. The proposed configuration has four inputs and one output and can realize all the five standard filters from the same circuit configuration. The presented biquad filter offers low active and passive sensitivities. The validity of proposed universal biquadratic filter has been verified by SPICE simulation using 0.35 μm MIETEC technology.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19902002
文摘We present the new predictor-corrector methods for systems of nonlinear differential equations, based on the method of exponential time differencing. We compare the present schemes with the explicit multistep exponential time differencing and Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method. The numerical results show that the schemes are more accurate and more efficient than Adams predictor-corrector method. The exponential time differencing method has been developed and perfected by the present studies.
文摘The main purpose in developing the steganographic algorithms lies in achieving most of the steganographic objectives which comprise the embedding capacity, imperceptibility, security, robustness and complexity. In this paper, we propose a high quality steganographic algorithm using new block structure which makes a good use of both modulus function and pixel-value differencing, namely, MF-PVD. We have made many experiments with various test images from several galleries, such as USC-SIPI and UWATERLOO-LINK. The performance of our proposed algorithm is verified using three different performance metrics which include peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and embedding capacity (EC). Experimental results and comparisons with six pertinent state-of-art algorithms are given to prove the validation and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
文摘In order to recover unknown space-dependent function G(x)or unknown time-dependent function H(t)in the wave source F(x;t)=G(x)H(t),we develop a technique of homogenized function and differencing equations,which can significantly reduce the difficulty in the inverse wave source recovery problem,only needing to solve a few equations in the problem domain,since the initial condition/boundary conditions and a supplementary final time condition are satisfied automatically.As a consequence,the eigenfunctions are used to expand the trial solutions,and then a small scale linear system is solved to determine the expansion coefficients from the differencing equations.Because the ill-posedness of the inverse wave source problem is greatly reduced,the present method is accurate and stable against a large noise up to 50%,of which the numerical tests confirm the observation.
文摘A new steganographic method by pixel-value differencing(PVD)using general quantization ranges of pixel pairs’difference values is proposed.The objective of this method is to provide a data embedding technique with a range table with range widths not limited to powers of 2,extending PVD-based methods to enhance their flexibility and data-embedding rates without changing their capabilities to resist security attacks.Specifically,the conventional PVD technique partitions a grayscale image into 1×2 non-overlapping blocks.The entire range[0,255]of all possible absolute values of the pixel pairs’grayscale differences in the blocks is divided into multiple quantization ranges.The width of each quantization range is a power of two to facilitate the direct embedding of the bit information with high embedding rates.Without using power-of-two range widths,the embedding rates can drop using conventional embedding techniques.In contrast,the proposed method uses general quantization range widths,and a multiple-based number conversion mechanism is employed skillfully to implement the use of nonpower-of-two range widths,with each pixel pair being employed to embed a digit in the multiple-based number.All the message bits are converted into a big multiple-based number whose digits can be embedded into the pixel pairs with a higher embedding rate.Good experimental results showed the feasibility of the proposed method and its resistance to security attacks.In addition,implementation examples are provided,where the proposed method adopts non-power-of-two range widths and employsmultiple-based number conversion to expand the data-hiding and steganalysis-resisting capabilities of other PVD methods.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new electronically controlled voltage mode sinusoidal oscillator (VMSO) using Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTA). The proposed circuit provides electronic control of ω0 and independent condition of oscillation (CO). It is found that the oscillator works very satisfactorily and pure sinusoidal waveforms are available at the outputs. The PSPICE simulation confirms the theoretical results. The proposed oscillator circuit employs only two VDTAs, along with two grounded capacitor and single grounded resistor. The circuit exhibits low active and passive sensitivities for ω0. Simulation results are obtained by using PSPICE software with TSMC CMOS 0.18 um process parameters.
基金This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía,Industria y Competitividad(MINECO),the Agencia Estatal de Investigación(AEI)and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional(FEDER UE)grant MTM2017-89664-P.
文摘A numerical method for American options pricing on assets under the Heston stochastic volatility model is developed.A preliminary transformation is applied to remove the mixed derivative term avoiding known numerical drawbacks and reducing computational costs.Free boundary is treated by the penalty method.Transformed nonlinear partial differential equation is solved numerically by using the method of lines.For full discretization the exponential time differencing method is used.Numerical analysis establishes the stability and positivity of the proposed method.The numerical convergence behaviour and effectiveness are investigated in extensive numerical experiments.
基金Projects(02JJY2006, 03JJY2001) supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province project supported by JSPS Fellowship Research Program
文摘The Filon-type quadrature is efficient for highly oscillatory functions - Fourier transforms. Based on Cox and Matthews' ETD schemes, the higher order single step exponential time differencing schemes are presented based on the Filon-type integration and the A-stability of the two-order Adams-Bashforth exponential time differencing scheme is considered. The effectiveness and accuracy of the schemes is tested.
