In this paper, we emphasize the interactive effect between life expectancy and human capital accumulation, and test the positive feedback of longevity to educational investment in China. This is very important for und...In this paper, we emphasize the interactive effect between life expectancy and human capital accumulation, and test the positive feedback of longevity to educational investment in China. This is very important for understanding the pressure from the aging population and the increase in private educational investment in China. We first show in an extended human eapital investment model that life expectancy growth acts as a driving force for educational investment. We then build a difference-in-difference-in-differences empirieal framework and use cross-province data to examine the effect in China. We use the maternal mortality rate （MMR） to identify the difference in life expectancy between genders, and the illiteracy rate or average years of education by gender for educational investment. The empirical results comply with the theory, in that increases in life expectancy significantly lower illiteracy rates and improve the average schooling years in China. This content of the present paper is closely related to crucial issues like population aging, human capital accumulation and gender discrimination. Policy implications are discussed based on the empirical results.展开更多
We assess how implicit selections based on non-cognitive abilities may have changed in the context of the great higher education expansion in China,applying the classic supply-demand framework and utilizing the Big Fi...We assess how implicit selections based on non-cognitive abilities may have changed in the context of the great higher education expansion in China,applying the classic supply-demand framework and utilizing the Big Five personality model.Using the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)data from 2012,difference-in-difference(DID),difference-in-difference-in-difference(DDD)and descriptive analyses establish the following three major findings.First,from the generation entering college before the expansion-post-70s-to the generation entering college after the expansion-post-80s and post-90s-implicit selections in higher education based on personality have weakened with the increased supply of higher education opportunities.Second,selections have significantly weakened in terms of the openness dimension of personality,yet there is some evidence that selections have strengthened in terms of conscientiousness.This reflects that open-mindedness has become a relatively higher supply trait and conscientiousness has become a relatively lower supply trait among members of the post-90s generation.Third,selections have weakened only on the openness dimension for males,but on multiple dimensions beginning with agreeableness for females,reflecting a greatly increased supply of higher education opportunities for females with this dominant trait.The finding on strengthened selections based on conscientiousness has important implications for what and how to educate today’s college students.展开更多
Addressing pollution caused by economic development,especially the overcapacity of polluting enterprises,is crucial for promoting sustainable economic growth.Targeted environmental policies are essential for strengthe...Addressing pollution caused by economic development,especially the overcapacity of polluting enterprises,is crucial for promoting sustainable economic growth.Targeted environmental policies are essential for strengthening environmental constraints on enterprises and enhancing the effectiveness of regulatory instruments.This study focused on the Environmental Credit Evaluation policy by examining its potential to improve capacity utilization and assessing its broader impact on heavily polluting enterprises.It constructed a time-varying difference-in-difference-in-differences model using panel data from 965 industrial enterprises from 2009 to 2019.The findings reveal that,in comparison with their non-heavily polluting counterparts,heavily polluting enterprises subject to the policy demonstrated significant improvements in capacity utilization.Heavily polluting enterprises that experienced a substantial increase in financing costs also exhibited a marked reduction in inefficient investment,without negatively affecting innovation investments or output.展开更多
基金the National Social Science Fund(09&ZD018,09&ZD019) for financial support
文摘In this paper, we emphasize the interactive effect between life expectancy and human capital accumulation, and test the positive feedback of longevity to educational investment in China. This is very important for understanding the pressure from the aging population and the increase in private educational investment in China. We first show in an extended human eapital investment model that life expectancy growth acts as a driving force for educational investment. We then build a difference-in-difference-in-differences empirieal framework and use cross-province data to examine the effect in China. We use the maternal mortality rate （MMR） to identify the difference in life expectancy between genders, and the illiteracy rate or average years of education by gender for educational investment. The empirical results comply with the theory, in that increases in life expectancy significantly lower illiteracy rates and improve the average schooling years in China. This content of the present paper is closely related to crucial issues like population aging, human capital accumulation and gender discrimination. Policy implications are discussed based on the empirical results.
文摘We assess how implicit selections based on non-cognitive abilities may have changed in the context of the great higher education expansion in China,applying the classic supply-demand framework and utilizing the Big Five personality model.Using the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)data from 2012,difference-in-difference(DID),difference-in-difference-in-difference(DDD)and descriptive analyses establish the following three major findings.First,from the generation entering college before the expansion-post-70s-to the generation entering college after the expansion-post-80s and post-90s-implicit selections in higher education based on personality have weakened with the increased supply of higher education opportunities.Second,selections have significantly weakened in terms of the openness dimension of personality,yet there is some evidence that selections have strengthened in terms of conscientiousness.This reflects that open-mindedness has become a relatively higher supply trait and conscientiousness has become a relatively lower supply trait among members of the post-90s generation.Third,selections have weakened only on the openness dimension for males,but on multiple dimensions beginning with agreeableness for females,reflecting a greatly increased supply of higher education opportunities for females with this dominant trait.The finding on strengthened selections based on conscientiousness has important implications for what and how to educate today’s college students.
基金support from the Major Program of the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.21&ZD109).
文摘Addressing pollution caused by economic development,especially the overcapacity of polluting enterprises,is crucial for promoting sustainable economic growth.Targeted environmental policies are essential for strengthening environmental constraints on enterprises and enhancing the effectiveness of regulatory instruments.This study focused on the Environmental Credit Evaluation policy by examining its potential to improve capacity utilization and assessing its broader impact on heavily polluting enterprises.It constructed a time-varying difference-in-difference-in-differences model using panel data from 965 industrial enterprises from 2009 to 2019.The findings reveal that,in comparison with their non-heavily polluting counterparts,heavily polluting enterprises subject to the policy demonstrated significant improvements in capacity utilization.Heavily polluting enterprises that experienced a substantial increase in financing costs also exhibited a marked reduction in inefficient investment,without negatively affecting innovation investments or output.
