Objective To explore the differences in three different registration methods of cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)-guided down-regulated intense radiation therapy for lung cancer as well as the effects of tumor locat...Objective To explore the differences in three different registration methods of cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)-guided down-regulated intense radiation therapy for lung cancer as well as the effects of tumor location,treatment mode,and tumor size on registration.Methods This retrospective analysis included 80 lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy in our hospital from November 2017 to October 2019 and compared automatic bone registration,automatic grayscale(t+r)registration,and automatic grayscale(t)positioning error on the X-,Y-,and Z-axes under three types of registration methods.The patients were also grouped according to tumor position,treatment mode,and tumor size to compare positioning errors.Results On the X-,Y-,and Z-axes,automatic grayscale(t+r)and automatic grayscale(t)registration showed a better trend.Analysis of the different treatment modes showed differences in the three registration methods;however,these were not statistically significant.Analysis according to tumor sizes showed significant differences between the three registration methods(P<0.05).Analysis according to tumor positions showed differences in the X-and Y-axes that were not significant(P>0.05),while the autopsy registration in the Z-axis showed the largest difference in the mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes(P<0.05).Conclusion The treatment mode was not the main factor affecting registration error in lung cancer.Three registration methods are available for tumors in the upper and lower lungs measuring<3 cm;among these,automatic gray registration is recommended,while any gray registration method is recommended for tumors located in the mediastinal hilar site measuring<3 cm and in the upper and lower lungs≥3 cm.展开更多
In order to establish high-yield and high-efficient cultivation technology for ginger in the central region of Shandong Province, the effects of different manage-ment modes on yield of ginger, nutrient efficiency and ...In order to establish high-yield and high-efficient cultivation technology for ginger in the central region of Shandong Province, the effects of different manage-ment modes on yield of ginger, nutrient efficiency and soil nitrate were carried out by field experiment. Four management modes were farmer convention mode, high yield and high efficiency mode, super high yield mode and super high yield and high efficiency mode, in which farmer convention mode was local farmers ’ conven-tional cropping methods, the other three management modes were optimized combi-nations of al management measures under a certain goal of increasing yield and efficiency. The results were as fol ows： ginger yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency under such three optimized management measures combinations as high yield and high efficiency mode, super high yield mode and super high yield and high efficien-cy mode were al higher than these of farmer convention mode, moreover, com-pared with farmer convention mode, the yield increased by 11.85%, 25.75% and 23.34%, respectively, and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency increased by 47.94%, 11.24%and 33.14%, respectively. Thereinto, the yield under super high yield mode were the greatest,and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency under high yield and high efficiency mode was the highest.展开更多
This paper examines the optimal decisions on operations and financing modes of a capital-constrained manufacturer selling two different quality levels of products through an online dual-channel.The manufacturer can mi...This paper examines the optimal decisions on operations and financing modes of a capital-constrained manufacturer selling two different quality levels of products through an online dual-channel.The manufacturer can mitigate financial constrains by leveraging either e-commerce platform financing or bank financing.The Stackelberg game models are established under both financing modes to analyze the optimal decisions of the manufacturer and the e-commerce platform.Additionally,the study explores the effects of financing interest rates and product quality differences on equilibrium outcomes in the online dual-channel.The findings reveal the following:(i)As financing interest rates increase,total product sales decline.While product prices may rise,this does not necessarily intensify price competition within the online dual-channel.(ii)When the e-commerce platform’s financing rate exceeds the bank rate,the manufacturer sets higher direct sales prices.Beyond a specific threshold,distribution prices rise,and total sales decrease.(iii)When consumers are indifferent to the two online channels,the manufacturer will distribute high-quality products under both financing modes at high interest rates,more lenient condition under e-commerce financing.(iv)When the financing interest rates of the e-commerce platform and the bank are the same,the manufacturer prefers e-commerce financing for distributing high-quality products,but opts for bank financing when directly selling high-quality products with a significant quality gap.展开更多
In order to grasp the research status of different fertilization modes in China s farmland more comprehensively, with papers in core journals of Chinese Peking University collected in CNKI database from 2003 to 2022 a...In order to grasp the research status of different fertilization modes in China s farmland more comprehensively, with papers in core journals of Chinese Peking University collected in CNKI database from 2003 to 2022 as the main research object, this paper analyzed the research status of different fertilization modes from the perspectives of annual number of published papers, published journals, keywords and highly cited papers applying the bibliometrics research method. This study provides reference for the research in this field.展开更多
Different cultural backgrounds result in a different way of thinking and cultural characteristics, and this difference are reflected in the life, production, culture, education and other aspects. Chinese and Westerner...Different cultural backgrounds result in a different way of thinking and cultural characteristics, and this difference are reflected in the life, production, culture, education and other aspects. Chinese and Westerners have different social and historical and cultural traditions, forming a distinctive way of thinking. Such as the differences between marginal thinking and logical thinking, differences between comprehensive thinking and analytical thinking, differences between focusing on ＂unity＂ and tending to ＂opposite＂, differences between focusing on perceptual and on rational thinking, all of these ways of thinking result in different ways of expression and language in cross-cultural teaching, different ways of behavior and interactions and different view of life and values.展开更多
Objective: this paper mainly studies and analyzes the effects of different delivery methods on maternal basin function and postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation, which is more important for the health of pregnant wom...Objective: this paper mainly studies and analyzes the effects of different delivery methods on maternal basin function and postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation, which is more important for the health of pregnant women. Methods: retrospective analysis was used. The subjects were 50 pregnant women in our hospital. All the subjects were informed and signed the consent form. According to different nursing intervention methods, the subjects were divided into observation group and control group to compare, analyze and record the actual nursing intervention effect data and information. Results: after practical research, analysis and observation, it can be found that the basin function of pregnant women in the observation group is good, and the effect of postpartum basin rehabilitation is obvious, which is significantly better than that of pregnant women in the control group. The data comparison has statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: rehabilitation treatment after natural delivery can improve the clinical effect, promote the early recovery of pelvic floor function and improve the quality of life of pregnant women.展开更多
As the bottleneck device of a space-division multiplexing(SDM)communication system that exploits the degrees of freedom to further increase the capacity within the transmission band,the main challenge facing the integ...As the bottleneck device of a space-division multiplexing(SDM)communication system that exploits the degrees of freedom to further increase the capacity within the transmission band,the main challenge facing the integrated SDM amplifier is how to increase the number of amplified modes and reduce the difference in mode gain to increase the total transmission capacity and satisfy the performance specifications required by the system.Here,a cladding-pumped five-orbital-angular-momentum(OAM)-mode-group erbium-doped fiber amplifier(5MG-EDFA)based on a center-raised ring-core erbium-doped fiber(CRC-EDF)is demonstrated,which enables parallel amplification of 20 spatial OAM mode channels with a maximum differential mode gain below 0.8 d B.The CRC-EDF with an optimized layer erbium-ion doping distribution and a high numerical aperture has a center-raised ring-core refractive index profile that supports amplification matching of five OAM mode groups,from first to fifth order,to a transmission fiber,without introducing significant crosstalk.With a single multimode pump diode,the integrated 5MG-EDFA delivers gains of more than 25 d B for each mode covering the C-band and noise figures of less than 6 d B for each mode gain.This CRC-EDF-based EDFA supporting fivemode-group amplification in a mode-division multiplexing transmission system is reported for the first time,to our knowledge,laying a foundation for long-distance,multimode communication.展开更多
With the increasing demand for non-contact temperature sensing, the development of an optical thermometer with excellent performance is more and more compelling. A Cr^(3+)-doped InTaO4 phosphor was prepared for the im...With the increasing demand for non-contact temperature sensing, the development of an optical thermometer with excellent performance is more and more compelling. A Cr^(3+)-doped InTaO4 phosphor was prepared for the implementation of multi-mode high-sensitivity optical temperature sensing. Its temperature-dependent fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime in the temperature range from 240 to 420 K were investigated in detail for achieving two different temperature sensing modes. At 347 K, the optimal relative temperature sensitivities are 2.50% K^(−1) for the fluorescence intensity mode and 2.27% K^(−1) for the fluorescence lifetime mode, respectively. Moreover, due to the rapid decrease of the fluorescence lifetime of Cr^(3+), another temperature sensing scheme based on a time-resolved technique was also presented. Here, the fluorescence intensities of Cr^(3+) in two different time windows during its decay process were captured with an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD), and the temperature dependence of the ratio of fluorescence intensities in these two-time windows was calculated and calibrated. An optimal relative sensitivity of 5.03% K^(−1) at 388 K was achieved in this scheme with a temperature resolution of about 0.3 K. Combined with fluorescence microscopy and the use of the ICCD, the temperature imaging of an operating printed circuit board with high spatial resolution was demonstrated by employing the temperature sensing scheme based on the time-resolved technique. The above results reveal that the InTaO4:Cr^(3+) phosphor is very promising for applications in multi-mode high-sensitivity optical thermometry and temperature imaging.展开更多
China's aging population is a pressing issue,with the need for comfortable living environments for older adults being paramount to their health and well-being.A study was conducted in Dalian,China,involving physic...China's aging population is a pressing issue,with the need for comfortable living environments for older adults being paramount to their health and well-being.A study was conducted in Dalian,China,involving physical environment measurements and surveys in nursing homes and residential buildings.The investigation focused on changing indoor thermal environments and older adults'subjective sensations.The study explored physical environment satisfaction and actual thermal comfort ranges in different aging modes and space characteristics.The results show that older people spend most time in bedrooms,and dissatisfaction with the thermal environment in winter and summer is high,reaching 42%and 74%,respectively.Residential buildings generally have higher indoor temperatures than nursing homes,with a mean PMV difference of 0.9 in winter.Furthermore,thermal comfort models show that the comfort zones for nursing homes are more comprehensive in winter but smaller in summer.This study provides valuable information for future research on thermal comfort of older adults in different aging modes,facilitating the creation of healthier indoor thermal environments.展开更多
基金Supported by grants from the Nanchong City School Cooperation Project(No.18SXHZ0542)Hubei Chen Xiaoping Science and Technology Development Foundation Project(No.CXPJJH11900002-037)Sichuan Medical Research Youth Innovation Project(No.Q18031).
文摘Objective To explore the differences in three different registration methods of cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)-guided down-regulated intense radiation therapy for lung cancer as well as the effects of tumor location,treatment mode,and tumor size on registration.Methods This retrospective analysis included 80 lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy in our hospital from November 2017 to October 2019 and compared automatic bone registration,automatic grayscale(t+r)registration,and automatic grayscale(t)positioning error on the X-,Y-,and Z-axes under three types of registration methods.The patients were also grouped according to tumor position,treatment mode,and tumor size to compare positioning errors.Results On the X-,Y-,and Z-axes,automatic grayscale(t+r)and automatic grayscale(t)registration showed a better trend.Analysis of the different treatment modes showed differences in the three registration methods;however,these were not statistically significant.Analysis according to tumor sizes showed significant differences between the three registration methods(P<0.05).Analysis according to tumor positions showed differences in the X-and Y-axes that were not significant(P>0.05),while the autopsy registration in the Z-axis showed the largest difference in the mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes(P<0.05).Conclusion The treatment mode was not the main factor affecting registration error in lung cancer.Three registration methods are available for tumors in the upper and lower lungs measuring<3 cm;among these,automatic gray registration is recommended,while any gray registration method is recommended for tumors located in the mediastinal hilar site measuring<3 cm and in the upper and lower lungs≥3 cm.
基金Supported by Agro-research Projects in Public Interest "Study and Development of Key Technology of Scallion,Ginger and Garlic Industry"(200903018)the Project of Shandong Science and Technology Development Plan(2013GGC02022)~~
文摘In order to establish high-yield and high-efficient cultivation technology for ginger in the central region of Shandong Province, the effects of different manage-ment modes on yield of ginger, nutrient efficiency and soil nitrate were carried out by field experiment. Four management modes were farmer convention mode, high yield and high efficiency mode, super high yield mode and super high yield and high efficiency mode, in which farmer convention mode was local farmers ’ conven-tional cropping methods, the other three management modes were optimized combi-nations of al management measures under a certain goal of increasing yield and efficiency. The results were as fol ows： ginger yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency under such three optimized management measures combinations as high yield and high efficiency mode, super high yield mode and super high yield and high efficien-cy mode were al higher than these of farmer convention mode, moreover, com-pared with farmer convention mode, the yield increased by 11.85%, 25.75% and 23.34%, respectively, and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency increased by 47.94%, 11.24%and 33.14%, respectively. Thereinto, the yield under super high yield mode were the greatest,and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency under high yield and high efficiency mode was the highest.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission under Grant No.KJQN202401117Humanities and Social Science Youth Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission under Grant No.24SKGH228.
文摘This paper examines the optimal decisions on operations and financing modes of a capital-constrained manufacturer selling two different quality levels of products through an online dual-channel.The manufacturer can mitigate financial constrains by leveraging either e-commerce platform financing or bank financing.The Stackelberg game models are established under both financing modes to analyze the optimal decisions of the manufacturer and the e-commerce platform.Additionally,the study explores the effects of financing interest rates and product quality differences on equilibrium outcomes in the online dual-channel.The findings reveal the following:(i)As financing interest rates increase,total product sales decline.While product prices may rise,this does not necessarily intensify price competition within the online dual-channel.(ii)When the e-commerce platform’s financing rate exceeds the bank rate,the manufacturer sets higher direct sales prices.Beyond a specific threshold,distribution prices rise,and total sales decrease.(iii)When consumers are indifferent to the two online channels,the manufacturer will distribute high-quality products under both financing modes at high interest rates,more lenient condition under e-commerce financing.(iv)When the financing interest rates of the e-commerce platform and the bank are the same,the manufacturer prefers e-commerce financing for distributing high-quality products,but opts for bank financing when directly selling high-quality products with a significant quality gap.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Guizhou Province(S202310664011)Natural Science Research Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(QJJ[2022]067,QJJ[2023]043)Teaching Content and Curriculum System Reform Project of Colleges and Universities in Guizhou Province(GZJG20220776)。
文摘In order to grasp the research status of different fertilization modes in China s farmland more comprehensively, with papers in core journals of Chinese Peking University collected in CNKI database from 2003 to 2022 as the main research object, this paper analyzed the research status of different fertilization modes from the perspectives of annual number of published papers, published journals, keywords and highly cited papers applying the bibliometrics research method. This study provides reference for the research in this field.
文摘Different cultural backgrounds result in a different way of thinking and cultural characteristics, and this difference are reflected in the life, production, culture, education and other aspects. Chinese and Westerners have different social and historical and cultural traditions, forming a distinctive way of thinking. Such as the differences between marginal thinking and logical thinking, differences between comprehensive thinking and analytical thinking, differences between focusing on ＂unity＂ and tending to ＂opposite＂, differences between focusing on perceptual and on rational thinking, all of these ways of thinking result in different ways of expression and language in cross-cultural teaching, different ways of behavior and interactions and different view of life and values.
文摘Objective: this paper mainly studies and analyzes the effects of different delivery methods on maternal basin function and postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation, which is more important for the health of pregnant women. Methods: retrospective analysis was used. The subjects were 50 pregnant women in our hospital. All the subjects were informed and signed the consent form. According to different nursing intervention methods, the subjects were divided into observation group and control group to compare, analyze and record the actual nursing intervention effect data and information. Results: after practical research, analysis and observation, it can be found that the basin function of pregnant women in the observation group is good, and the effect of postpartum basin rehabilitation is obvious, which is significantly better than that of pregnant women in the control group. The data comparison has statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: rehabilitation treatment after natural delivery can improve the clinical effect, promote the early recovery of pelvic floor function and improve the quality of life of pregnant women.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB2908102)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2024B0101030001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B2010,62035018,U2001601)。
文摘As the bottleneck device of a space-division multiplexing(SDM)communication system that exploits the degrees of freedom to further increase the capacity within the transmission band,the main challenge facing the integrated SDM amplifier is how to increase the number of amplified modes and reduce the difference in mode gain to increase the total transmission capacity and satisfy the performance specifications required by the system.Here,a cladding-pumped five-orbital-angular-momentum(OAM)-mode-group erbium-doped fiber amplifier(5MG-EDFA)based on a center-raised ring-core erbium-doped fiber(CRC-EDF)is demonstrated,which enables parallel amplification of 20 spatial OAM mode channels with a maximum differential mode gain below 0.8 d B.The CRC-EDF with an optimized layer erbium-ion doping distribution and a high numerical aperture has a center-raised ring-core refractive index profile that supports amplification matching of five OAM mode groups,from first to fifth order,to a transmission fiber,without introducing significant crosstalk.With a single multimode pump diode,the integrated 5MG-EDFA delivers gains of more than 25 d B for each mode covering the C-band and noise figures of less than 6 d B for each mode gain.This CRC-EDF-based EDFA supporting fivemode-group amplification in a mode-division multiplexing transmission system is reported for the first time,to our knowledge,laying a foundation for long-distance,multimode communication.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11974338)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2008085MA21)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province[No.BK20190725]NUPTSF[Grant No.NY219139].
文摘With the increasing demand for non-contact temperature sensing, the development of an optical thermometer with excellent performance is more and more compelling. A Cr^(3+)-doped InTaO4 phosphor was prepared for the implementation of multi-mode high-sensitivity optical temperature sensing. Its temperature-dependent fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime in the temperature range from 240 to 420 K were investigated in detail for achieving two different temperature sensing modes. At 347 K, the optimal relative temperature sensitivities are 2.50% K^(−1) for the fluorescence intensity mode and 2.27% K^(−1) for the fluorescence lifetime mode, respectively. Moreover, due to the rapid decrease of the fluorescence lifetime of Cr^(3+), another temperature sensing scheme based on a time-resolved technique was also presented. Here, the fluorescence intensities of Cr^(3+) in two different time windows during its decay process were captured with an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD), and the temperature dependence of the ratio of fluorescence intensities in these two-time windows was calculated and calibrated. An optimal relative sensitivity of 5.03% K^(−1) at 388 K was achieved in this scheme with a temperature resolution of about 0.3 K. Combined with fluorescence microscopy and the use of the ICCD, the temperature imaging of an operating printed circuit board with high spatial resolution was demonstrated by employing the temperature sensing scheme based on the time-resolved technique. The above results reveal that the InTaO4:Cr^(3+) phosphor is very promising for applications in multi-mode high-sensitivity optical thermometry and temperature imaging.
文摘China's aging population is a pressing issue,with the need for comfortable living environments for older adults being paramount to their health and well-being.A study was conducted in Dalian,China,involving physical environment measurements and surveys in nursing homes and residential buildings.The investigation focused on changing indoor thermal environments and older adults'subjective sensations.The study explored physical environment satisfaction and actual thermal comfort ranges in different aging modes and space characteristics.The results show that older people spend most time in bedrooms,and dissatisfaction with the thermal environment in winter and summer is high,reaching 42%and 74%,respectively.Residential buildings generally have higher indoor temperatures than nursing homes,with a mean PMV difference of 0.9 in winter.Furthermore,thermal comfort models show that the comfort zones for nursing homes are more comprehensive in winter but smaller in summer.This study provides valuable information for future research on thermal comfort of older adults in different aging modes,facilitating the creation of healthier indoor thermal environments.
