To enhance the computational efficiency of spatio-temporally discretized phase-field models,we present a high-speed solver specifically designed for the Poisson equations,a component frequently used in the numerical c...To enhance the computational efficiency of spatio-temporally discretized phase-field models,we present a high-speed solver specifically designed for the Poisson equations,a component frequently used in the numerical computation of such models.This efficient solver employs algorithms based on discrete cosine transformations(DCT)or discrete sine transformations(DST)and is not restricted by any spatio-temporal schemes.Our proposed methodology is appropriate for a variety of phase-field models and is especially efficient when combined with flow field systems.Meanwhile,this study has conducted an extensive numerical comparison and found that employing DCT and DST techniques not only yields results comparable to those obtained via the Multigrid(MG)method,a conventional approach used in the resolution of the Poisson equations,but also enhances computational efficiency by over 90%.展开更多
Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden ...Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden of NVL in China by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021 and to project trends over the next 15 years.Methods:Using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database,we conducted descriptive analyses of NVL prevalence in China,calculated age-standardized prevalence rates(ASPR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates(ASDR)to compare burden differences between sexes and age groups,and applied an autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model to predict NVL trends for the next 15 years.The model selection was based on best-fit criteria to ensure reliable projections.Results:From 1990 to 2021,China’s ASPR of NVL rose from 10096.24/100000 to 15624.54/100000,and ASDR increased from 101.75/100000 to 158.75/100000.In 2021,ASPR(16551.70/100000)and ASDR(167.69/100000)were higher among females than males(14686.21/100000 and 149.76/100000,respectively).China ranked highest globally in both NVL cases and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),with female burden significantly exceeding male burden.Projections indicated this trend and sex gap will persist until 2036.Compared with 1990,the prevalence cases and DALYs increased by 239.20%and 238.82%,respectively in 2021,with the highest burden among females and the 55−59 age group.The ARIMA model predicted continued increases in prevalence and DALYs by 2036,with females maintaining a higher burden than males.Conclusion:This study reveals a marked increase in the NVL burden in China and predicts continued growth in the coming years.Public health policies should prioritize NVL prevention and control,with special attention to women and middle-aged populations to mitigate long-term societal and health impacts.展开更多
A method combining finite difference method(FDM)and k-means clustering algorithm which can determine the threshold of rock bridge generation is proposed.Jointed slope models with different joint coalescence coefficien...A method combining finite difference method(FDM)and k-means clustering algorithm which can determine the threshold of rock bridge generation is proposed.Jointed slope models with different joint coalescence coefficients(k)are constructed based on FDM.The rock bridge area was divided through k-means algorithm and the optimal number of clusters was determined by sum of squared errors(SSE)and elbow method.The influence of maximum principal stress and stress change rate as clustering indexes on the clustering results of rock bridges was compared by using Euclidean distance.The results show that using stress change rate as clustering index is more effective.When the joint coalescence coefficient is less than 0.6,there is no significant stress concentration in the middle area of adjacent joints,that is,no generation of rock bridge.In addition,the range of rock bridge is affected by the coalescence coefficient(k),the relative position of joints and the parameters of weak interlayer.展开更多
Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of informatio...Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of information sources varies by age and individual habits. With the widespread use of the internet, there are notable differences between younger and older generations in their reliance on the internet versus traditional media sources like newspapers and television. Given the wide age range and diverse backgrounds of nursing students, understanding generational differences in information-gathering methods is important for implementing effective education. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how nursing students in different age groups obtain social information and to examine media usage trends by age group. Additionally, we aim to use the findings to provide insights into effective information dissemination methods in nursing education. Results: The results showed that nursing students in their teens to forties, regardless of gender, primarily relied on the internet as their main information source, with television playing a secondary role. In contrast, students in their fifties tended to obtain information more often from newspapers and television than from the internet. This highlights an age-related difference in preferred information sources, with older students showing a greater reliance on traditional media. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that nursing students use different information-gathering methods based on their age, suggesting a need to custo-mize information dissemination strategies in nursing education. Digital media may be more effective for younger students, while traditional media or printed materials might better serve older students. Educational institutions should consider these generational differences in media usage and adopt strategies that meet the diverse needs of their student populations.展开更多
This study investigates the complex heat transfer dynamics inmultilayer bifacial photovoltaic(bPV)solar modules under spectrally resolved solar irradiation.A novel numericalmodel is developed to incorporate internal h...This study investigates the complex heat transfer dynamics inmultilayer bifacial photovoltaic(bPV)solar modules under spectrally resolved solar irradiation.A novel numericalmodel is developed to incorporate internal heat generation resulting from optical absorption,grounded in the physical equations governing light-matter interactions within the module’smultilayer structure.The model accounts for reflection and transmission at each interface between adjacent layers,as well as absorption within individual layers,using the wavelength-dependent dielectric properties of constituent materials.These properties are used to calculate the spectral reflectance,transmittance,and absorption coefficients,enabling precise quantification of internal heat sources from irradiance incidents on both the front and rear surfaces of the module.The study further examines the influence of irradiance reflection on thermal behavior,evaluates the thermal impact of various supporting materials placed beneath the module,and analyzes the role of albedo in modifying heat distribution.By incorporating spectrally resolved heat generation across each layer often simplified or omitted in conventional models,the proposed approach enhances physical accuracy.The transient heat equation is solved using a one-dimensional finite difference(FD)method to produce detailed temperature profiles under multiple operating scenarios,including Standard Test Conditions(STC),Bifacial Standard Test Conditions(BSTC),Normal Operating Cell Temperature(NOCT),and Bifacial NOCT(BNOCT).The results offer valuable insights into the interplay between optical and thermal phenomena in bifacial systems,informing the design and optimization of more efficient photovoltaic technologies.展开更多
In this work, we first derive the one-point large deviations principle (LDP) for both the stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation with small noise and its spatial finite difference method (FDM). Then, we focus on giving th...In this work, we first derive the one-point large deviations principle (LDP) for both the stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation with small noise and its spatial finite difference method (FDM). Then, we focus on giving the convergence of the one-point large deviations rate function (LDRF) of the spatial FDM, which is about the asymptotical limit of a parametric variational problem. The main idea for proving the convergence of the LDRF of the spatial FDM is via the Γ-convergence of objective functions. This relies on the qualitative analysis of skeleton equations of the original equation and the numerical method. In order to overcome the difficulty that the drift coefficient is not one-sided Lipschitz continuous, we derive the equivalent characterization of the skeleton equation of the spatial FDM and the discrete interpolation inequality to obtain the uniform boundedness of the solution to the underlying skeleton equation. These play important roles in deriving the T-convergence of objective functions.展开更多
In response to the issue of fuzzy matching and association when optical observation data are matched with the orbital elements in a catalog database,this paper proposes a matching and association strategy based on the...In response to the issue of fuzzy matching and association when optical observation data are matched with the orbital elements in a catalog database,this paper proposes a matching and association strategy based on the arcsegment difference method.First,a matching error threshold is set to match the observation data with the known catalog database.Second,the matching results for the same day are sorted on the basis of target identity and observation residuals.Different matching error thresholds and arc-segment dynamic association thresholds are then applied to categorize the observation residuals of the same target across different arc-segments,yielding matching results under various thresholds.Finally,the orbital residual is computed through orbit determination(OD),and the positional error is derived by comparing the OD results with the orbit track from the catalog database.The appropriate matching error threshold is then selected on the basis of these results,leading to the final matching and association of the fuzzy correlation data.Experimental results showed that the correct matching rate for data arc-segments is 92.34% when the matching error threshold is set to 720″,with the arc-segment difference method processing the results of an average matching rate of 97.62% within 8 days.The remaining 5.28% of the fuzzy correlation data are correctly matched and associated,enabling identification of orbital maneuver targets through further processing and analysis.This method substantially enhances the efficiency and accuracy of space target cataloging,offering robust technical support for dynamic maintenance of the space target database.展开更多
This paper deals with numerical computation and analysis for the initial boundary problems of two dimensional(2D)Sobolev equations with piecewise continuous argument.Firstly,a two-level high-order compact difference m...This paper deals with numerical computation and analysis for the initial boundary problems of two dimensional(2D)Sobolev equations with piecewise continuous argument.Firstly,a two-level high-order compact difference method(HOCDM)with computational accuracy O(τ^(2)+h_(x)^(4)+h_(y)^(4))is suggested,whereτ,h_(x),h_(y) denote the temporal and spatial stepsizes of the method,respectively.In order to improve the temporal computational accuracy of this method,the Richardson extrapolation technique is used and thus a new two-level HOCDMis derived,which is proved to be convergent of order four both in time and space.Although the new two-level HOCDM has the higher computational accuracy in time than the previous one,it will bring a larger computational cost.To overcome this deficiency,a three-level HOCDM with computational accuracy O(τ^(4)+h_(x)^(4)+h_(y)^(4))is constructed.Finally,with a series of numerical experiments,the theoretical accuracy and computational efficiency of the above methods are further verified.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychological challenges among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS),affecting individuals across both sex and age groups.AIM To explore the network structu...BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychological challenges among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS),affecting individuals across both sex and age groups.AIM To explore the network structure of depression and anxiety symptoms,with a focus on identifying differences at the symptom level between sex and age subgroups.METHODS A total of 1955 participants diagnosed with AIS aged 10-18 years were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale(PHO-9)and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7),and 765 patients exhibiting PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores ≥ 5 were enrolled in our study. Network analysis and network comparison tests were utilized toconstruct and compare the depression-anxiety symptoms networks among sex and age subgroups.RESULTSThe results revealed GAD3 “Excessive worry” and PHQ2 “Sad mood” were the most significant central symptomsin all subgroups, while “Sad mood” had higher strength than “Excessive worry” in the lower age group. In thenetwork comparisons, the female network exhibited tighter connectivity, especially on GAD6 “Irritability” andGAD2 “Uncontrollable worry”, while only PHQ3 “Sleep” and PHQ9 “Suicidal ideation” had differences at thelocal level in the lower age group.CONCLUSIONSeveral interventions targeting excessive worry and sad mood could reduce the risk of depression and anxietysymptoms in the AIS population. Furthermore, specific anxiety symptoms in females, along with sleep disturbancesand suicidal ideation in the lower age group, should be addressed at an early stage to prevent significantdisruptions in mental health trajectories.展开更多
Experimental mice play a critical role in biomedical research.The phenotype and application of different substrains vary due to genetic differentiation and variation.To ensure validity and reliability of results,it is...Experimental mice play a critical role in biomedical research.The phenotype and application of different substrains vary due to genetic differentiation and variation.To ensure validity and reliability of results,it is imperative to adhere to standardized experiments and controls.This paper objectively reviews the origin,differentiation,and phenotypic and genetic differences between the C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse substrains.Furthermore,an optimal selection strategy is proposed based on the genetic quality control technology to facilitate the precise application of these two mouse substrains.展开更多
Empathy is crucial for communication and survival for individuals.Whether empathy in pain contagion shows sex differences and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we report that pain contagion can occur in st...Empathy is crucial for communication and survival for individuals.Whether empathy in pain contagion shows sex differences and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we report that pain contagion can occur in stranger female rats,but not in stranger males.Blocking oxytocin receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)suppressed pain contagion in female strangers,while oxytocin administration induced pain contagion in male strangers.In vitro,corticosterone reduces neuronal activation by oxytocin.During male stranger interactions,higher corticosterone decreased oxytocin receptor-positive neuronal activity in the ACC,suppressing pain contagion.These findings highlight the role of oxytocin in pain contagion and suggest that sex differences in empathy may be determined by the balance of oxytocin and corticosterone in the ACC.This study suggests an approach for the treatment of certain mental disorders associated with abnormal empathy,such as autism and depression.展开更多
Population migration data derived from location-based services has often been used to delineate population flows between cities or construct intercity relationship networks to reveal and explore the complex interactio...Population migration data derived from location-based services has often been used to delineate population flows between cities or construct intercity relationship networks to reveal and explore the complex interaction patterns underlying human activities.Nevertheless,the inherent heterogeneity in multimodal migration big data has been ignored.This study conducts an in-depth comparison and quantitative analysis through a comprehensive lens of spatial association.Initially,the intercity interactive networks in China were constructed,utilizing migration data from Baidu and AutoNavi collected during the same time period.Subsequently,the characteristics and spatial structure similarities of the two types of intercity interactive networks were quantitatively assessed and analyzed from overall(network)and local(node)perspectives.Furthermore,the precision of these networks at the local scale is corroborated by constructing an intercity network from mobile phone(MP)data.Results indicate that the intercity interactive networks in China,as delineated by Baidu and AutoNavi migration flows,exhibit a high degree of structure equivalence.The correlation coefficient between these two networks is 0.874.Both networks exhibit a pronounced spatial polarization trend and hierarchical structure.This is evident in their distinct core and peripheral structures,as well as in the varying importance and influence of different nodes within the networks.Nevertheless,there are notable differences worthy of attention.Baidu intercity interactive network exhibits pronounced cross-regional effects,and its high-level interactions are characterized by a“rich-club”phenomenon.The AutoNavi intercity interactive network presents a more significant distance attenuation effect,and the high-level interactions display a gradient distribution pattern.Notably,there exists a substantial correlation between the AutoNavi and MP networks at the local scale,evidenced by a high correlation coefficient of 0.954.Furthermore,the“spatial dislocations”phenomenon was observed within the spatial structures at different levels,extracted from the Baidu and AutoNavi intercity networks.However,the measured results of network spatial structure similarity from three dimensions,namely,node location,node size,and local structure,indicate a relatively high similarity and consistency between the two networks.展开更多
This study explores the impact of intergenerational differences on farmers' terrace abandonment in response to increasing intergenerational differentiation among rural households and the practical issue of terrace...This study explores the impact of intergenerational differences on farmers' terrace abandonment in response to increasing intergenerational differentiation among rural households and the practical issue of terrace abandonment. Logit and Tobit models are employed to conduct empirical analysis and it is found that terrace abandonment increases sequentially among the new, middle, and old generations, confirming that intergenerational differences significantly influence whether farmers abandon terraces and the terrace abandonment scale. Village characteristics and government subsidies significantly influence farmers' terrace abandonment. An increase in the number of migrant workers in the village increases terrace abandonment among new and middle generation farmers, whereas an increase in the distance from the village to the county significantly increases terrace abandonment among old generation farmers. An increase in the village's total population significantly reduces terrace abandonment among new generation farmers. An increase in government subsidies significantly reduces terrace abandonment among middle and old generation farmers. The impact of intergenerational differences on terrace abandonment is more pronounced in low-altitude areas. To reduce terrace abandonment, it is necessary to promote terrace transfer, develop characteristic agriculture, improve terrace farming subsidies, and propose targeted strategies for the different generations of farmers.展开更多
To understand career adaptability among undergraduates majoring in Primary Education in provincial normal universities,this study surveyed 257 such students and analyzed the current state and characteristics of their ...To understand career adaptability among undergraduates majoring in Primary Education in provincial normal universities,this study surveyed 257 such students and analyzed the current state and characteristics of their career adaptability.The results indicate that their overall career adaptability is moderately high.Significant differences in career adaptability were found by program type.Maternal education exerted a notable influence on overall career adaptability and on the“career confidence”dimension,whereas paternal education only showed a highly significant effect on“career confidence.”Therefore,schools should consolidate their role as the main arena for education,while families should provide supportive environments,jointly addressing the career adaptation and development needs of Primary Education undergraduates and further enhancing their career adaptability.展开更多
Objectives:Suicidal ideation is a strong predictor of suicide deaths,which refers to the consideration or desire to give up one's own life.Left-behind children in rural China are more vulnerable to psychological p...Objectives:Suicidal ideation is a strong predictor of suicide deaths,which refers to the consideration or desire to give up one's own life.Left-behind children in rural China are more vulnerable to psychological problems and suicidal ideation compared to their non-left-behind peers.The aim of the current study was to examine two potential protective factors,negotiable fate belief and coping self-efficacy,and to test the mediating role of coping self-efficacy in the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation.We also analyzed gender differences in this mediation model.Methods:Across-sectional survey was conducted in rural areas ofChina.A sample of 526 left-behind children(285 males,54.18%;241 females,45.82%;Meanage=13.29 years,SD=0.97 years)was recruited to complete the Negotiable Fate Belief Scale,Coping Self-Efficacy Scale,and the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory-Negative Scale.We used structural equation modeling to test the mediation model and multigroup analysis to test the moderation effect of gender.Results:Negotiable fate belief is negatively correlated with suicidal ideation(r=-0.13,p<0.01).Moreover,coping self-efficacy mediates the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation(β=-0.06,95%confidence interval(CI)[-0.12,-0.02]),accounting for 35.29%of the total effect.Finally,the mediating effect of coping self-efficacy was found to be significant only for female left-behind children(male:95%CI[-0.09,0.07];female:95%CI[-0.16,-0.01]).For female left-behind children,the mediating effect was complete,with a coefficient of-0.06,accounting for 85.71%of the total effect.Conclusions:The relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation among rural left-behind children is mediated by coping self-efficacy,and this mediation effect was moderated by gender.This study provides a theoretical explanation for how cultivating the belief in negotiable fate and coping self-efficacy is effective for reducing suicidal ideation of rural left-behind children.展开更多
Change detection(CD)plays a crucial role in numerous fields,where both convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and Transformers have demonstrated exceptional performance in CD tasks.However,CNNs suffer from limited recepti...Change detection(CD)plays a crucial role in numerous fields,where both convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and Transformers have demonstrated exceptional performance in CD tasks.However,CNNs suffer from limited receptive fields,hindering their ability to capture global features,while Transformers are constrained by high computational complexity.Recently,Mamba architecture,which is based on state space models(SSMs),has shown powerful global modeling capabilities while achieving linear computational complexity.Although some researchers have incorporated Mamba into CD tasks,the existing Mamba⁃based remote sensing CD methods struggle to effectively perceive the inherent locality of changed regions when flattening and scanning remote sensing images,leading to limitations in extracting change features.To address these issues,we propose a novel Mamba⁃based CD method termed difference feature fusion Mamba model(DFFMamba)by mitigating the loss of feature locality caused by traditional Mamba⁃style scanning.Specifically,two distinct difference feature extraction modules are designed:Difference Mamba(DMamba)and local difference Mamba(LDMamba),where DMamba extracts difference features by calculating the difference in coefficient matrices between the state⁃space equations of the bi⁃temporal features.Building upon DMamba,LDMamba combines a locally adaptive state⁃space scanning(LASS)strategy to enhance feature locality so as to accurately extract difference features.Additionally,a fusion Mamba(FMamba)module is proposed,which employs a spatial⁃channel token modeling SSM(SCTMS)unit to integrate multi⁃dimensional spatio⁃temporal interactions of change features,thereby capturing their dependencies across both spatial and channel dimensions.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed DFFMamba,extensive experiments are conducted on three datasets of WHU⁃CD,LEVIR⁃CD,and CLCD.The results demonstrate that DFFMamba significantly outperforms state⁃of⁃the⁃art CD methods,achieving intersection over union(IoU)scores of 90.67%,85.04%,and 66.56%on the three datasets,respectively.展开更多
This article compares the cognitive differences and influencing factors of traditional Chinese medicine culture among rural residents in Guigang,Guangxi,and Jinhua,Zhejiang,providing a reference for balanced developme...This article compares the cognitive differences and influencing factors of traditional Chinese medicine culture among rural residents in Guigang,Guangxi,and Jinhua,Zhejiang,providing a reference for balanced development.A stratified sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey in three townships in each region,and data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and chi-square test.The survey shows that residents in Guigang rely more on personal experience for their understanding,resulting in fragmented cognition,with their needs concentrated on disease treatment.On the other hand,residents in Jinhua rely on rational trust and digital communication,leading to deeper cognition,and their needs tend to focus on preventive healthcare.Occupational factors significantly affect the cognitive level in Jinhua,while in Guigang,it is closely related to trust and cultural atmosphere.The interaction of regional economy,occupational background,and cultural tradition affects cognitive differences.It is suggested that Guigang should build a community traditional Chinese medicine cultural experience matrix,develop digital content for ethnic medical resources,and strengthen the“experience-identification-dissemination”closed loop.Jinhua should deepen the construction of digital IP and promote the integration of industry and education.The two regions should jointly build a cross-regional cultural corridor,cultivate inheritors,and use new media to expand the coverage of dissemination.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatitis delta virus(HDV)infection is the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis,yet sex-based clinical differences remain poorly defined.Understanding these differences may inform disease management ...BACKGROUND Hepatitis delta virus(HDV)infection is the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis,yet sex-based clinical differences remain poorly defined.Understanding these differences may inform disease management and guide research.AIM To investigate sex-related differences in demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with chronic HDV infection in a nationwide,real-world Italian setting.METHODS We analyzed demographic,clinical,and virological data from 513 hepatitis B surface antigen/anti-HDV-positive patients,consecutively enrolled between 2019 and 2024,across 58 liver clinics in the Italian PITER HDV cohort.A propensity score-weighted logistic regression model evaluated the association between sex and cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma.RESULTS Among 513 patients(61.6%male),median age(56.0 years)and age distribution were similar by sex(P=0.41).Cirrhosis was frequent:73.4%vs 66.0%(anti-HDV-positive)and 77.8%vs 74.2%(HDV RNA-positive)in males and females,respectively.HDV RNA levels were comparable(P=0.93).The highest proportion of females with cirrhosis(33.8%)was in the 56-60-year group,similar to males(34.9%).Among patients with cirrhosis aged≤40 years,females,(80.9%of whom of non-Italian origin),were more represented than males(16.1%vs 6.5%respectively,P<0.05).Male sex was associated with cirrhosis(odds ratio=1.85;95%confidence interval:1.004-3.40).Among HDV RNA-positive patients,males more often had hepatocellular carcinoma,elevated gammaglutamyl transpeptidase,alcohol use,diabetes,hypertension,steatotic liver disease,and hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection.Interferon eligibility was similar.CONCLUSION HDV-infected females develop cirrhosis earlier,without liver disease cofactors,while males show advanced liver disease with multiple cofactors.Tailored care for young migrant women and cofactor-guided management for men may improve HDV outcomes,promoting equity.展开更多
基金Supported by Shanxi Province Natural Science Research(202203021212249)Special/Youth Foundation of Taiyuan University of Technology(2022QN101)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12301556)Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2021-029)International Cooperation Base and Platform Project of Shanxi Province(202104041101019)Basic Research Plan of Shanxi Province(202203021211129)。
文摘To enhance the computational efficiency of spatio-temporally discretized phase-field models,we present a high-speed solver specifically designed for the Poisson equations,a component frequently used in the numerical computation of such models.This efficient solver employs algorithms based on discrete cosine transformations(DCT)or discrete sine transformations(DST)and is not restricted by any spatio-temporal schemes.Our proposed methodology is appropriate for a variety of phase-field models and is especially efficient when combined with flow field systems.Meanwhile,this study has conducted an extensive numerical comparison and found that employing DCT and DST techniques not only yields results comparable to those obtained via the Multigrid(MG)method,a conventional approach used in the resolution of the Poisson equations,but also enhances computational efficiency by over 90%.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30817)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation-Hengyang City Joint Fund Project(2025JJ70129)+1 种基金Changsha Natural Science Foundation(kq2403057)China。
文摘Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden of NVL in China by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021 and to project trends over the next 15 years.Methods:Using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database,we conducted descriptive analyses of NVL prevalence in China,calculated age-standardized prevalence rates(ASPR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates(ASDR)to compare burden differences between sexes and age groups,and applied an autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model to predict NVL trends for the next 15 years.The model selection was based on best-fit criteria to ensure reliable projections.Results:From 1990 to 2021,China’s ASPR of NVL rose from 10096.24/100000 to 15624.54/100000,and ASDR increased from 101.75/100000 to 158.75/100000.In 2021,ASPR(16551.70/100000)and ASDR(167.69/100000)were higher among females than males(14686.21/100000 and 149.76/100000,respectively).China ranked highest globally in both NVL cases and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),with female burden significantly exceeding male burden.Projections indicated this trend and sex gap will persist until 2036.Compared with 1990,the prevalence cases and DALYs increased by 239.20%and 238.82%,respectively in 2021,with the highest burden among females and the 55−59 age group.The ARIMA model predicted continued increases in prevalence and DALYs by 2036,with females maintaining a higher burden than males.Conclusion:This study reveals a marked increase in the NVL burden in China and predicts continued growth in the coming years.Public health policies should prioritize NVL prevention and control,with special attention to women and middle-aged populations to mitigate long-term societal and health impacts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277175)Guangxi Emergency Management Department 2024 Innovation and Technology Research Project,China(No.2024GXYJ006)+2 种基金Hunan Provincial Department of Natural Resources Geological Exploration Project,China(No.2023ZRBSHZ056)The First National Natural Disaster Comprehensive Risk Survey in Hunan Province,China(No.2022-70)Guizhou Provincial Major Scientific and Technological Program,China(No.2023-425).
文摘A method combining finite difference method(FDM)and k-means clustering algorithm which can determine the threshold of rock bridge generation is proposed.Jointed slope models with different joint coalescence coefficients(k)are constructed based on FDM.The rock bridge area was divided through k-means algorithm and the optimal number of clusters was determined by sum of squared errors(SSE)and elbow method.The influence of maximum principal stress and stress change rate as clustering indexes on the clustering results of rock bridges was compared by using Euclidean distance.The results show that using stress change rate as clustering index is more effective.When the joint coalescence coefficient is less than 0.6,there is no significant stress concentration in the middle area of adjacent joints,that is,no generation of rock bridge.In addition,the range of rock bridge is affected by the coalescence coefficient(k),the relative position of joints and the parameters of weak interlayer.
文摘Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of information sources varies by age and individual habits. With the widespread use of the internet, there are notable differences between younger and older generations in their reliance on the internet versus traditional media sources like newspapers and television. Given the wide age range and diverse backgrounds of nursing students, understanding generational differences in information-gathering methods is important for implementing effective education. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how nursing students in different age groups obtain social information and to examine media usage trends by age group. Additionally, we aim to use the findings to provide insights into effective information dissemination methods in nursing education. Results: The results showed that nursing students in their teens to forties, regardless of gender, primarily relied on the internet as their main information source, with television playing a secondary role. In contrast, students in their fifties tended to obtain information more often from newspapers and television than from the internet. This highlights an age-related difference in preferred information sources, with older students showing a greater reliance on traditional media. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that nursing students use different information-gathering methods based on their age, suggesting a need to custo-mize information dissemination strategies in nursing education. Digital media may be more effective for younger students, while traditional media or printed materials might better serve older students. Educational institutions should consider these generational differences in media usage and adopt strategies that meet the diverse needs of their student populations.
文摘This study investigates the complex heat transfer dynamics inmultilayer bifacial photovoltaic(bPV)solar modules under spectrally resolved solar irradiation.A novel numericalmodel is developed to incorporate internal heat generation resulting from optical absorption,grounded in the physical equations governing light-matter interactions within the module’smultilayer structure.The model accounts for reflection and transmission at each interface between adjacent layers,as well as absorption within individual layers,using the wavelength-dependent dielectric properties of constituent materials.These properties are used to calculate the spectral reflectance,transmittance,and absorption coefficients,enabling precise quantification of internal heat sources from irradiance incidents on both the front and rear surfaces of the module.The study further examines the influence of irradiance reflection on thermal behavior,evaluates the thermal impact of various supporting materials placed beneath the module,and analyzes the role of albedo in modifying heat distribution.By incorporating spectrally resolved heat generation across each layer often simplified or omitted in conventional models,the proposed approach enhances physical accuracy.The transient heat equation is solved using a one-dimensional finite difference(FD)method to produce detailed temperature profiles under multiple operating scenarios,including Standard Test Conditions(STC),Bifacial Standard Test Conditions(BSTC),Normal Operating Cell Temperature(NOCT),and Bifacial NOCT(BNOCT).The results offer valuable insights into the interplay between optical and thermal phenomena in bifacial systems,informing the design and optimization of more efficient photovoltaic technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12201228,12171047)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3034011102)supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0713701).
文摘In this work, we first derive the one-point large deviations principle (LDP) for both the stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation with small noise and its spatial finite difference method (FDM). Then, we focus on giving the convergence of the one-point large deviations rate function (LDRF) of the spatial FDM, which is about the asymptotical limit of a parametric variational problem. The main idea for proving the convergence of the LDRF of the spatial FDM is via the Γ-convergence of objective functions. This relies on the qualitative analysis of skeleton equations of the original equation and the numerical method. In order to overcome the difficulty that the drift coefficient is not one-sided Lipschitz continuous, we derive the equivalent characterization of the skeleton equation of the spatial FDM and the discrete interpolation inequality to obtain the uniform boundedness of the solution to the underlying skeleton equation. These play important roles in deriving the T-convergence of objective functions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12273080).
文摘In response to the issue of fuzzy matching and association when optical observation data are matched with the orbital elements in a catalog database,this paper proposes a matching and association strategy based on the arcsegment difference method.First,a matching error threshold is set to match the observation data with the known catalog database.Second,the matching results for the same day are sorted on the basis of target identity and observation residuals.Different matching error thresholds and arc-segment dynamic association thresholds are then applied to categorize the observation residuals of the same target across different arc-segments,yielding matching results under various thresholds.Finally,the orbital residual is computed through orbit determination(OD),and the positional error is derived by comparing the OD results with the orbit track from the catalog database.The appropriate matching error threshold is then selected on the basis of these results,leading to the final matching and association of the fuzzy correlation data.Experimental results showed that the correct matching rate for data arc-segments is 92.34% when the matching error threshold is set to 720″,with the arc-segment difference method processing the results of an average matching rate of 97.62% within 8 days.The remaining 5.28% of the fuzzy correlation data are correctly matched and associated,enabling identification of orbital maneuver targets through further processing and analysis.This method substantially enhances the efficiency and accuracy of space target cataloging,offering robust technical support for dynamic maintenance of the space target database.
文摘This paper deals with numerical computation and analysis for the initial boundary problems of two dimensional(2D)Sobolev equations with piecewise continuous argument.Firstly,a two-level high-order compact difference method(HOCDM)with computational accuracy O(τ^(2)+h_(x)^(4)+h_(y)^(4))is suggested,whereτ,h_(x),h_(y) denote the temporal and spatial stepsizes of the method,respectively.In order to improve the temporal computational accuracy of this method,the Richardson extrapolation technique is used and thus a new two-level HOCDMis derived,which is proved to be convergent of order four both in time and space.Although the new two-level HOCDM has the higher computational accuracy in time than the previous one,it will bring a larger computational cost.To overcome this deficiency,a three-level HOCDM with computational accuracy O(τ^(4)+h_(x)^(4)+h_(y)^(4))is constructed.Finally,with a series of numerical experiments,the theoretical accuracy and computational efficiency of the above methods are further verified.
基金Supported by The Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen,No.SZSM202211003Shenzhen-Hong Kong Jointly Funded Project,Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,No.SGDX20230116093645007+1 种基金Shenzhen Second People's Hospital Clinical Project,No.20243357003Shenzhen Medical Research Fund,No.B2303005.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychological challenges among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS),affecting individuals across both sex and age groups.AIM To explore the network structure of depression and anxiety symptoms,with a focus on identifying differences at the symptom level between sex and age subgroups.METHODS A total of 1955 participants diagnosed with AIS aged 10-18 years were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale(PHO-9)and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7),and 765 patients exhibiting PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores ≥ 5 were enrolled in our study. Network analysis and network comparison tests were utilized toconstruct and compare the depression-anxiety symptoms networks among sex and age subgroups.RESULTSThe results revealed GAD3 “Excessive worry” and PHQ2 “Sad mood” were the most significant central symptomsin all subgroups, while “Sad mood” had higher strength than “Excessive worry” in the lower age group. In thenetwork comparisons, the female network exhibited tighter connectivity, especially on GAD6 “Irritability” andGAD2 “Uncontrollable worry”, while only PHQ3 “Sleep” and PHQ9 “Suicidal ideation” had differences at thelocal level in the lower age group.CONCLUSIONSeveral interventions targeting excessive worry and sad mood could reduce the risk of depression and anxietysymptoms in the AIS population. Furthermore, specific anxiety symptoms in females, along with sleep disturbancesand suicidal ideation in the lower age group, should be addressed at an early stage to prevent significantdisruptions in mental health trajectories.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFF0703200Key Technology Fund of the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control,Grant/Award Number:GJJS-2022-1-5。
文摘Experimental mice play a critical role in biomedical research.The phenotype and application of different substrains vary due to genetic differentiation and variation.To ensure validity and reliability of results,it is imperative to adhere to standardized experiments and controls.This paper objectively reviews the origin,differentiation,and phenotypic and genetic differences between the C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse substrains.Furthermore,an optimal selection strategy is proposed based on the genetic quality control technology to facilitate the precise application of these two mouse substrains.
基金supported by the Shenzhen.Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220818100615033,JCYJ20200109141433384,and KQTD20200820113040070)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC82471250 and 82350710225).
文摘Empathy is crucial for communication and survival for individuals.Whether empathy in pain contagion shows sex differences and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we report that pain contagion can occur in stranger female rats,but not in stranger males.Blocking oxytocin receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)suppressed pain contagion in female strangers,while oxytocin administration induced pain contagion in male strangers.In vitro,corticosterone reduces neuronal activation by oxytocin.During male stranger interactions,higher corticosterone decreased oxytocin receptor-positive neuronal activity in the ACC,suppressing pain contagion.These findings highlight the role of oxytocin in pain contagion and suggest that sex differences in empathy may be determined by the balance of oxytocin and corticosterone in the ACC.This study suggests an approach for the treatment of certain mental disorders associated with abnormal empathy,such as autism and depression.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42361040。
文摘Population migration data derived from location-based services has often been used to delineate population flows between cities or construct intercity relationship networks to reveal and explore the complex interaction patterns underlying human activities.Nevertheless,the inherent heterogeneity in multimodal migration big data has been ignored.This study conducts an in-depth comparison and quantitative analysis through a comprehensive lens of spatial association.Initially,the intercity interactive networks in China were constructed,utilizing migration data from Baidu and AutoNavi collected during the same time period.Subsequently,the characteristics and spatial structure similarities of the two types of intercity interactive networks were quantitatively assessed and analyzed from overall(network)and local(node)perspectives.Furthermore,the precision of these networks at the local scale is corroborated by constructing an intercity network from mobile phone(MP)data.Results indicate that the intercity interactive networks in China,as delineated by Baidu and AutoNavi migration flows,exhibit a high degree of structure equivalence.The correlation coefficient between these two networks is 0.874.Both networks exhibit a pronounced spatial polarization trend and hierarchical structure.This is evident in their distinct core and peripheral structures,as well as in the varying importance and influence of different nodes within the networks.Nevertheless,there are notable differences worthy of attention.Baidu intercity interactive network exhibits pronounced cross-regional effects,and its high-level interactions are characterized by a“rich-club”phenomenon.The AutoNavi intercity interactive network presents a more significant distance attenuation effect,and the high-level interactions display a gradient distribution pattern.Notably,there exists a substantial correlation between the AutoNavi and MP networks at the local scale,evidenced by a high correlation coefficient of 0.954.Furthermore,the“spatial dislocations”phenomenon was observed within the spatial structures at different levels,extracted from the Baidu and AutoNavi intercity networks.However,the measured results of network spatial structure similarity from three dimensions,namely,node location,node size,and local structure,indicate a relatively high similarity and consistency between the two networks.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41930757National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42371285。
文摘This study explores the impact of intergenerational differences on farmers' terrace abandonment in response to increasing intergenerational differentiation among rural households and the practical issue of terrace abandonment. Logit and Tobit models are employed to conduct empirical analysis and it is found that terrace abandonment increases sequentially among the new, middle, and old generations, confirming that intergenerational differences significantly influence whether farmers abandon terraces and the terrace abandonment scale. Village characteristics and government subsidies significantly influence farmers' terrace abandonment. An increase in the number of migrant workers in the village increases terrace abandonment among new and middle generation farmers, whereas an increase in the distance from the village to the county significantly increases terrace abandonment among old generation farmers. An increase in the village's total population significantly reduces terrace abandonment among new generation farmers. An increase in government subsidies significantly reduces terrace abandonment among middle and old generation farmers. The impact of intergenerational differences on terrace abandonment is more pronounced in low-altitude areas. To reduce terrace abandonment, it is necessary to promote terrace transfer, develop characteristic agriculture, improve terrace farming subsidies, and propose targeted strategies for the different generations of farmers.
基金supported by the School-Level Teaching Reform Research Project of Qilu Normal University(JG202304Z)the Research Project and Platform Cultivation Project for Education and Teaching Reform of Qilu Normal University(BP202416).
文摘To understand career adaptability among undergraduates majoring in Primary Education in provincial normal universities,this study surveyed 257 such students and analyzed the current state and characteristics of their career adaptability.The results indicate that their overall career adaptability is moderately high.Significant differences in career adaptability were found by program type.Maternal education exerted a notable influence on overall career adaptability and on the“career confidence”dimension,whereas paternal education only showed a highly significant effect on“career confidence.”Therefore,schools should consolidate their role as the main arena for education,while families should provide supportive environments,jointly addressing the career adaptation and development needs of Primary Education undergraduates and further enhancing their career adaptability.
基金funded by the 2023Laibin City Philosophy and Social Science Research Project(No.2023LBZS035)2024Guangxi Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(No.S202411546046X)2025 Research Project of Guangxi Science&Technology Normal University(No.GXKS2025YB020).
文摘Objectives:Suicidal ideation is a strong predictor of suicide deaths,which refers to the consideration or desire to give up one's own life.Left-behind children in rural China are more vulnerable to psychological problems and suicidal ideation compared to their non-left-behind peers.The aim of the current study was to examine two potential protective factors,negotiable fate belief and coping self-efficacy,and to test the mediating role of coping self-efficacy in the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation.We also analyzed gender differences in this mediation model.Methods:Across-sectional survey was conducted in rural areas ofChina.A sample of 526 left-behind children(285 males,54.18%;241 females,45.82%;Meanage=13.29 years,SD=0.97 years)was recruited to complete the Negotiable Fate Belief Scale,Coping Self-Efficacy Scale,and the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory-Negative Scale.We used structural equation modeling to test the mediation model and multigroup analysis to test the moderation effect of gender.Results:Negotiable fate belief is negatively correlated with suicidal ideation(r=-0.13,p<0.01).Moreover,coping self-efficacy mediates the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation(β=-0.06,95%confidence interval(CI)[-0.12,-0.02]),accounting for 35.29%of the total effect.Finally,the mediating effect of coping self-efficacy was found to be significant only for female left-behind children(male:95%CI[-0.09,0.07];female:95%CI[-0.16,-0.01]).For female left-behind children,the mediating effect was complete,with a coefficient of-0.06,accounting for 85.71%of the total effect.Conclusions:The relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation among rural left-behind children is mediated by coping self-efficacy,and this mediation effect was moderated by gender.This study provides a theoretical explanation for how cultivating the belief in negotiable fate and coping self-efficacy is effective for reducing suicidal ideation of rural left-behind children.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42371449,41801386).
文摘Change detection(CD)plays a crucial role in numerous fields,where both convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and Transformers have demonstrated exceptional performance in CD tasks.However,CNNs suffer from limited receptive fields,hindering their ability to capture global features,while Transformers are constrained by high computational complexity.Recently,Mamba architecture,which is based on state space models(SSMs),has shown powerful global modeling capabilities while achieving linear computational complexity.Although some researchers have incorporated Mamba into CD tasks,the existing Mamba⁃based remote sensing CD methods struggle to effectively perceive the inherent locality of changed regions when flattening and scanning remote sensing images,leading to limitations in extracting change features.To address these issues,we propose a novel Mamba⁃based CD method termed difference feature fusion Mamba model(DFFMamba)by mitigating the loss of feature locality caused by traditional Mamba⁃style scanning.Specifically,two distinct difference feature extraction modules are designed:Difference Mamba(DMamba)and local difference Mamba(LDMamba),where DMamba extracts difference features by calculating the difference in coefficient matrices between the state⁃space equations of the bi⁃temporal features.Building upon DMamba,LDMamba combines a locally adaptive state⁃space scanning(LASS)strategy to enhance feature locality so as to accurately extract difference features.Additionally,a fusion Mamba(FMamba)module is proposed,which employs a spatial⁃channel token modeling SSM(SCTMS)unit to integrate multi⁃dimensional spatio⁃temporal interactions of change features,thereby capturing their dependencies across both spatial and channel dimensions.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed DFFMamba,extensive experiments are conducted on three datasets of WHU⁃CD,LEVIR⁃CD,and CLCD.The results demonstrate that DFFMamba significantly outperforms state⁃of⁃the⁃art CD methods,achieving intersection over union(IoU)scores of 90.67%,85.04%,and 66.56%on the three datasets,respectively.
文摘This article compares the cognitive differences and influencing factors of traditional Chinese medicine culture among rural residents in Guigang,Guangxi,and Jinhua,Zhejiang,providing a reference for balanced development.A stratified sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey in three townships in each region,and data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and chi-square test.The survey shows that residents in Guigang rely more on personal experience for their understanding,resulting in fragmented cognition,with their needs concentrated on disease treatment.On the other hand,residents in Jinhua rely on rational trust and digital communication,leading to deeper cognition,and their needs tend to focus on preventive healthcare.Occupational factors significantly affect the cognitive level in Jinhua,while in Guigang,it is closely related to trust and cultural atmosphere.The interaction of regional economy,occupational background,and cultural tradition affects cognitive differences.It is suggested that Guigang should build a community traditional Chinese medicine cultural experience matrix,develop digital content for ethnic medical resources,and strengthen the“experience-identification-dissemination”closed loop.Jinhua should deepen the construction of digital IP and promote the integration of industry and education.The two regions should jointly build a cross-regional cultural corridor,cultivate inheritors,and use new media to expand the coverage of dissemination.
基金Supported by the Investigator Sponsored Research Grant from Gilead Sciences,No.IN-IT-980-6816the Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro(AIRC),No.IG 2020 ID 24858.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatitis delta virus(HDV)infection is the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis,yet sex-based clinical differences remain poorly defined.Understanding these differences may inform disease management and guide research.AIM To investigate sex-related differences in demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with chronic HDV infection in a nationwide,real-world Italian setting.METHODS We analyzed demographic,clinical,and virological data from 513 hepatitis B surface antigen/anti-HDV-positive patients,consecutively enrolled between 2019 and 2024,across 58 liver clinics in the Italian PITER HDV cohort.A propensity score-weighted logistic regression model evaluated the association between sex and cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma.RESULTS Among 513 patients(61.6%male),median age(56.0 years)and age distribution were similar by sex(P=0.41).Cirrhosis was frequent:73.4%vs 66.0%(anti-HDV-positive)and 77.8%vs 74.2%(HDV RNA-positive)in males and females,respectively.HDV RNA levels were comparable(P=0.93).The highest proportion of females with cirrhosis(33.8%)was in the 56-60-year group,similar to males(34.9%).Among patients with cirrhosis aged≤40 years,females,(80.9%of whom of non-Italian origin),were more represented than males(16.1%vs 6.5%respectively,P<0.05).Male sex was associated with cirrhosis(odds ratio=1.85;95%confidence interval:1.004-3.40).Among HDV RNA-positive patients,males more often had hepatocellular carcinoma,elevated gammaglutamyl transpeptidase,alcohol use,diabetes,hypertension,steatotic liver disease,and hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection.Interferon eligibility was similar.CONCLUSION HDV-infected females develop cirrhosis earlier,without liver disease cofactors,while males show advanced liver disease with multiple cofactors.Tailored care for young migrant women and cofactor-guided management for men may improve HDV outcomes,promoting equity.
