Objectives:Suicidal ideation is a strong predictor of suicide deaths,which refers to the consideration or desire to give up one's own life.Left-behind children in rural China are more vulnerable to psychological p...Objectives:Suicidal ideation is a strong predictor of suicide deaths,which refers to the consideration or desire to give up one's own life.Left-behind children in rural China are more vulnerable to psychological problems and suicidal ideation compared to their non-left-behind peers.The aim of the current study was to examine two potential protective factors,negotiable fate belief and coping self-efficacy,and to test the mediating role of coping self-efficacy in the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation.We also analyzed gender differences in this mediation model.Methods:Across-sectional survey was conducted in rural areas ofChina.A sample of 526 left-behind children(285 males,54.18%;241 females,45.82%;Meanage=13.29 years,SD=0.97 years)was recruited to complete the Negotiable Fate Belief Scale,Coping Self-Efficacy Scale,and the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory-Negative Scale.We used structural equation modeling to test the mediation model and multigroup analysis to test the moderation effect of gender.Results:Negotiable fate belief is negatively correlated with suicidal ideation(r=-0.13,p<0.01).Moreover,coping self-efficacy mediates the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation(β=-0.06,95%confidence interval(CI)[-0.12,-0.02]),accounting for 35.29%of the total effect.Finally,the mediating effect of coping self-efficacy was found to be significant only for female left-behind children(male:95%CI[-0.09,0.07];female:95%CI[-0.16,-0.01]).For female left-behind children,the mediating effect was complete,with a coefficient of-0.06,accounting for 85.71%of the total effect.Conclusions:The relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation among rural left-behind children is mediated by coping self-efficacy,and this mediation effect was moderated by gender.This study provides a theoretical explanation for how cultivating the belief in negotiable fate and coping self-efficacy is effective for reducing suicidal ideation of rural left-behind children.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the difference in the contents of gallic acid and catechins of tea resources from Yunnan Province. [Method] By using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, the content...[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the difference in the contents of gallic acid and catechins of tea resources from Yunnan Province. [Method] By using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, the contents of gallic acid （GA）, catechins （C）, epicatechin （EC）, epigallocatechin （EGC）, epicatechin gallate （ECG） and epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG） of 121 tea germplasms from the China National Germplasm Tea Repositories （CNGTR） at the Tea Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences （TRIYAAS） were measured. [Result] The content of GA ranged from 0.210% to 1.902%, with an average of 0.834%, explaining rela- tively low GA content among tea germplasms. The content of C ranged from 0.069% to 8.865%, with an average of 1.916%. The content of EC ranged from 0.126% to 2.865%, with an average of 1.112%. The content of EGC ranged from 0.00% to 3.709%, with an average of 0.954%. The content of ECG ranged from 0.739% to 8.957%, with an average of 4.063%. The content of EGCG ranged from 0.819% to 11.77%, with an average of 5.939%. The content of total C ranged from 6.354% to 22.654%, with an average of 14.042%. [Conclusion] There was relatively big difference of catechin contents among different tea resources, indicating that there was plentiful biodiversity of Yunnan tea germplasms. At the same time, three tea germplasms with high epigallocatechin gallate content （≥10%） was selected preliminarily, which would provide important materials for breeding tea cultivars with high EGCG content in the future.展开更多
Reducing dietary cation-anion difference （DCAD） has been proved an effective way to prevent milk fever in dairy cows. Based on the similar physiological gastro-intestinal tract anatomy and metabolic process between ...Reducing dietary cation-anion difference （DCAD） has been proved an effective way to prevent milk fever in dairy cows. Based on the similar physiological gastro-intestinal tract anatomy and metabolic process between female goats and dairy cows, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying DCAD on fluid acid-base status, plasma minerals concentration and anti-oxidative stress capacity of female goats. Urinary pH, plasma Ca, P and Mg; and anti-oxidative stress indices of total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD）, hydrogen peroxide （HzO2）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and malondialdehyde （MDA） were determined to evaluate the effect. Forty-eight Guizhou black female goats （（15±1.9） mon of old, （22.3±3.75） kg of BW） were randomly allocated to 4 blocks of 12 goats each and were fed 1 of 4 diets differed in DCAD level （calculated as Na＋K-C1-S, mEq kg-1 DM）. Levels of DCAD were preliminarily designed to be control （＋ 150 mEq kg^-1 DM, CON）, high DCAD （＋300 mEq kg^-1 DM, HD）, low DCAD （0 mEq kg^-1 DM, LD） and negative DCAD （-150 mEq kg^-1 DM, ND）, respectively. A commercial anionic salts （Animate） and sodium bicarbonate （NaHCO3） were supplemented to reduce and increase DCAD level, respectively. There was no difference in dry matter intake for 4 groups of goats. Urine pH was aggressively decreased （P〈0.0001） with reduced DCAD and there was a strong association between DCAD and urine pH （R2=0.793, P〈0.0001）. Compared with CON and HD feeding of LD and ND resulted in greater （P〈0.05） plasma Ca concentration. Plasma P level was increased （P〈0.05） when anionic salts were supplemented. The DCAD alteration did not affected （P〉0.05） plasma Mg level. There was no significant （P〉0.05） difference in plasma GSH-Px activity and H202, but anionic salts supplementation in LD and ND significantly increased （P〈0.05） plasma T-SOD activity and tended to reduce MDA （P〈0.1） over HD and CON. Results from this study indicated that reducing DCAD could decrease urine pH and increase plasma Ca concentration of female goats. Additionally, reducing DCAD was helpful to enhance anti-oxidative stress capability of female goats.展开更多
With the development of society, English is pushed to be a significant position as a tool of communication. In English learning, the differences between Chinese culture and Occidental culture bring a lot of difficulti...With the development of society, English is pushed to be a significant position as a tool of communication. In English learning, the differences between Chinese culture and Occidental culture bring a lot of difficulties in English reading comprehension. And the effect mainly represents in vocabulary, grammar system, language background. This paper analyzes the effect from the three aspects to help Chinese English learners understand the effect better and give them some enlightenment in English reading comprehension.展开更多
Knowledge of different effects of various organic materials on soil humic substance is important for both environmental safety and sustainable agriculture.A pot experiment was conducted at Jilin Agricultural Universit...Knowledge of different effects of various organic materials on soil humic substance is important for both environmental safety and sustainable agriculture.A pot experiment was conducted at Jilin Agricultural University,Jilin Province in northeast China to discover the influence of herb residue,animal excrement,woody residue,animal remnant on fulvic acid（FA） composition and structure using differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetric（DTA-TG）,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） and elemental analysis.DTA-TG showed the range of peak temperature in the first exothermic reaction increased following the trend： CK〉herb residue〉animal excrement〉woody residue=animal remnant,and the most weight loss was observed in animal excrement.Moreover,the second exothermic reaction of CK-and animal excrement-FA was presented as double peaks,the order of weight loss in that area was animal remnant〉CK〉woody residue〉animal excrement〉herb residue.According to FTIR,herb residue displayed higher adsorption intensity at 2 950,1 420,1 240 and 1 030 cm-1,animal excrement was in reverse.At the same time,herb residue-and animal excrement-FA had an absorption peak at 1 720 cm-1,while other organic materials didn＇t have this peak.As elemental analysis showed,FA isolated from various treatments was significantly distinct.It was clearly shown from our results that FA composition and structure in amended soils may be affected in different ways and at various extents on dependence of the nature and origin of amendment.展开更多
In this study, we examined the varia- tions between the difference method and the enzyme- hydrolyzed casein method for determining endogenous amino acid loss and the true amino acid digestibility in ducks fed normal p...In this study, we examined the varia- tions between the difference method and the enzyme- hydrolyzed casein method for determining endogenous amino acid loss and the true amino acid digestibility in ducks fed normal protein-containing diets. These methods were compared to the nitrogen-free （N-free） diet method. The difference method was based on soy- bean meal as the only protein source, with the experi- mental diets containing crude protein levels at 15% and 20%. The enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method was based on enzyme-hydrolyzed casein meal as the pro- tein source, with the experimental diet containing a crude protein level of 17.5%. The N-free diet was prepared with starches and paper fibers. In each meth- od,64 Tianfu meat drakes （7-weeks-old） with an av- erage body weight of 2.77±0.16 kg were used and divided into four groups, and fed four different diets. Each group contained four replicates of four drakes and they were force fed trial diets according to the Sirbald method for detecting their apparent amino aciddigestibility, endogenous amino acid loss and true a- mino acid digestibility. The results demonstrated that using the difference, enzyme-hydrolyzed casein and N-free diet methods, endogenous amino acid losses were 0. 9946,1. 2243 and 0. 9297 mg/g dry matter in- take （ DMI）, respectively. The true amino acid digest- ibility measured by the difference method was 88.93 %±4.43 %. Using the enzyme-hydrolyzed ca- sein method with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20%, the digestibility was 91.15%±4.33% and 91.97%±4. 16%, respectively, and by the N-free diet methods with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20% ,it was 88.55%±4.29% and 88.82 %±4.61%, respectively. The results suggested that when the dietary protein level was 15% to 20 %, the true amino acid digestibility and endogenous ami- no acid loss as determined by the difference method was more accurate than the values determined by the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method.展开更多
Objective This study examined the gender differences in drug‐related problems and predictors of recidivism among a sample of 1444 offenders with co‐morbid drug abuse and mental disorders participating in California...Objective This study examined the gender differences in drug‐related problems and predictors of recidivism among a sample of 1444 offenders with co‐morbid drug abuse and mental disorders participating in California＇s Proposition 36 Program.Methods Background characteristics and problem severity in multiple key life areas were assessed at intake by using Addiction Severity Index,and drug treatment participation,mental health diagnoses and arrests were based on official records.Results Women demonstrated greater problem severity than men in family relationships,health,psychological health,and sexual and physical abuse history.Men on the other hand had greater criminal history,high rates of attention disorder,and psychotic disorder.More men than women were rearrested during the year after treatment admission.Logistic regression analyses showed that for the combined sample,male,young age,cocaine use（relative to methamphetamine）,drug abuse severity,methadone treatment,arrest history and fewer prior treatment history were associated with higher recidivism at 12‐month follow‐up;lower education,cocaine use,and arrest history were related to women＇s recidivism,while young age,outpatient treatment,and arrest history were predictors of men＇s recidivism.Conclusion Although the specific type of mental disorder did not seem to be predictive of recidivism,the high rates of mental health disorder and arrest of this population is problematic.Intervention strategies taking into consideration gender‐specific problems and needs can improve outcomes for both.展开更多
Two arylpyrazoles I andⅡwere synthesized and characterized by NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Compound I displayed 71.4%fungicidal inhibition rate against Rhizoctonia solani at 0.1 ppm,better than the contro...Two arylpyrazoles I andⅡwere synthesized and characterized by NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Compound I displayed 71.4%fungicidal inhibition rate against Rhizoctonia solani at 0.1 ppm,better than the control pyraclostrobin,whereasⅡhad little activity.Their fungicidal difference was discussed from theoretic level based on the crystal structure,density functional theory(DFT)calculation and molecular docking.The B3 LYP/6-31G^**level was employed to explore the HOMO-LUMO energy gap and charge distribution.Molecular docking was performed on the probable target protein bc1-enzyme complex.DFT calculation and docking studies supported the in vitro findings.展开更多
Background:Social support is related to depression,but the gender differences and related factors that contribute to low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression remain to be elucidated.This study...Background:Social support is related to depression,but the gender differences and related factors that contribute to low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression remain to be elucidated.This study explores the relationship between social support and depression,in addition to the gender difference in the incidence of low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression and its related factors.Methods:A total of 371 Chinese adolescents with subthreshold depression were recruited.All subjects were rated on the Social Support Scale for Adolescents,the Response Style Scale,the Self-Perception Profile for Children,the Individualism-collectivism scale.Results:Binary logistic regression indicated that the stability dimension of cognitive style,the generality dimension of the Cognitive Style Questionnaire,and the social acceptance dimension of the Self-Perception Profile for Children scale were significantly correlated with social support level in male adolescents with subthreshold depression.In contrast,the total score of the Self-Perception Profile for Children scale,the social acceptance of the Self-Perception Profile for Children scale,total individualism,and total collectivism were significantly correlated with social support level in female adolescents with subthreshold depression.Limitations:This study is a cross-sectional study,and its effectiveness in explaining factors that influence levels of social support is limited.Conclusions:The gender difference between low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression is related to cognitive style,self-perception,and collectivism–individualism.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression presents significant challenges to mental health care.Although phy-sical activity is highly beneficial to mental and physical health,relatively few stu-dies have conducted on the relationship bet...BACKGROUND Depression presents significant challenges to mental health care.Although phy-sical activity is highly beneficial to mental and physical health,relatively few stu-dies have conducted on the relationship between them.AIM To investigate the association between muscle quality index(MQI)and incidence of depression.METHODS The data used in this cross-sectional study were obtained from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey,which included informa-tion on MQI,depression,and confounding factors.Multivariable logistic regre-ssion models were employed,while taking into account the complex multi-stage sampling design.A restricted cubic spline model was utilized to investigate the non-linear relationship between the MQI and depression.Additionally,subgroup analyses were performed to identify influential factors.RESULTS The prevalence of depression in this population was 8.44%.With the adjusted model,the MQI was associated with depression in females(odds ratio=0.68,95%confidence interval:0.49-0.95)but not in males(odds ratio=1.08,95%confidence interval:0.77-1.52).Restricted cubic spline adjustment of all covariates showed a significant negative non-linear relationship between depression and the MQI in females.The observed trend indicated an 80%decrease in the risk of depression for each unit increase in MQI,until a value of 2.2.Subsequently,when the MQI exceeded 2.2,the prevalence of depression increased by 20%for every unit increase in the MQI.Subgroup analyses further confirmed that the MQI was negatively associated with de-pression.CONCLUSION The MQI was inversely correlated with depression in females but not males,suggesting that females with a higher MQI might decrease the risk of depression.展开更多
Life science has a need for detection methods that are label-free and real-time. In this paper, we have selected staphylococcal protein A （SPA） and swine immunoglobulin G （IgG）, and monitor the bindings between SP...Life science has a need for detection methods that are label-free and real-time. In this paper, we have selected staphylococcal protein A （SPA） and swine immunoglobulin G （IgG）, and monitor the bindings between SPA and swine IgG with different concentrations, as well as the dissociations of SPA-swine IgG complex in different pH values of phosphate buffer by oblique-incidence reflectivity difference （OIRD） in a label-free and real-time fashion. We obtain the ON and OFF reaction dynamic curves corresponding to the bindings and dissociations of SPA and swine IgG. Through our analysis of the experimental results, we have been able to obtain the damping coefficients and the dissociation time of SPA and swine IgG for different pH values of the phosphate buffer. The results prove that the OIRD technique is a competing method for monitoring the dynamic processes of biomolecule interaction and achieving the quantitative information of reaction kinetics.展开更多
Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of informatio...Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of information sources varies by age and individual habits. With the widespread use of the internet, there are notable differences between younger and older generations in their reliance on the internet versus traditional media sources like newspapers and television. Given the wide age range and diverse backgrounds of nursing students, understanding generational differences in information-gathering methods is important for implementing effective education. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how nursing students in different age groups obtain social information and to examine media usage trends by age group. Additionally, we aim to use the findings to provide insights into effective information dissemination methods in nursing education. Results: The results showed that nursing students in their teens to forties, regardless of gender, primarily relied on the internet as their main information source, with television playing a secondary role. In contrast, students in their fifties tended to obtain information more often from newspapers and television than from the internet. This highlights an age-related difference in preferred information sources, with older students showing a greater reliance on traditional media. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that nursing students use different information-gathering methods based on their age, suggesting a need to custo-mize information dissemination strategies in nursing education. Digital media may be more effective for younger students, while traditional media or printed materials might better serve older students. Educational institutions should consider these generational differences in media usage and adopt strategies that meet the diverse needs of their student populations.展开更多
The minimal clinically important difference(MCID)represents a pivotal metric in bridging the gap between statistical significance and clinical relevance,addressing the direct impact of medical interventions from the p...The minimal clinically important difference(MCID)represents a pivotal metric in bridging the gap between statistical significance and clinical relevance,addressing the direct impact of medical interventions from the patient's perspective.This comprehensive review analyzes the evolution,applications,and challenges of MCID across medical specialties,emphasizing its necessity in ensuring that clinical outcomes not only demonstrate statistical significance but also offer genuine clinical utility that aligns with patient expectations and needs.We discuss the evolution of MCID since its inception in the 1980s,its current applications across various medical specialties,and the methodologies used in its calculation,highlighting both anchor-based and distribution-based approaches.Furthermore,the paper delves into the challenges associated with the application of MCID,such as methodological variability and the interpretation difficulties that arise in clinical settings.Recommendations for the future include standardizing MCID calculation methods,enhancing patient involvement in setting MCID thresholds,and extending research to incorporate diverse global perspectives.These steps are critical to refining the role of MCID in patient-centered healthcare,addressing existing gaps in methodology and interpretation,and ensuring that medical interventions lead to significant,patient-perceived improvements.展开更多
To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,a...To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,and TL84)on 3D color difference evaluations,50 glossy spheres with a diameter of 2cm based on the Sailner J4003D color printing device were created.These spheres were centered around the five recommended colors(gray,red,yellow,green,and blue)by CIE.Color difference was calculated according to the four formulas,and 111 pairs of experimental samples meeting the CIELAB gray scale color difference requirements(1.0-14.0)were selected.Ten observers,aged between 22 and 27 with normal color vision,were participated in this study,using the gray scale method from psychophysical experiments to conduct color difference evaluations under the four light sources,with repeated experiments for each observer.The results indicated that the overall effect of the D65 light source on 3D objects color difference was minimal.In contrast,D50 and A light sources had a significant impact within the small color difference range,while the TL84 light source influenced both large and small color difference considerably.Among the four color difference formulas,CIEDE2000 demonstrated the best predictive performance for color difference in 3D objects,followed by CMC(1:1),CIE94,and CIELAB.展开更多
Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden ...Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden of NVL in China by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021 and to project trends over the next 15 years.Methods:Using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database,we conducted descriptive analyses of NVL prevalence in China,calculated age-standardized prevalence rates(ASPR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates(ASDR)to compare burden differences between sexes and age groups,and applied an autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model to predict NVL trends for the next 15 years.The model selection was based on best-fit criteria to ensure reliable projections.Results:From 1990 to 2021,China’s ASPR of NVL rose from 10096.24/100000 to 15624.54/100000,and ASDR increased from 101.75/100000 to 158.75/100000.In 2021,ASPR(16551.70/100000)and ASDR(167.69/100000)were higher among females than males(14686.21/100000 and 149.76/100000,respectively).China ranked highest globally in both NVL cases and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),with female burden significantly exceeding male burden.Projections indicated this trend and sex gap will persist until 2036.Compared with 1990,the prevalence cases and DALYs increased by 239.20%and 238.82%,respectively in 2021,with the highest burden among females and the 55−59 age group.The ARIMA model predicted continued increases in prevalence and DALYs by 2036,with females maintaining a higher burden than males.Conclusion:This study reveals a marked increase in the NVL burden in China and predicts continued growth in the coming years.Public health policies should prioritize NVL prevention and control,with special attention to women and middle-aged populations to mitigate long-term societal and health impacts.展开更多
Phosphoric acid is a key ingredient in fertilizer production and contains many rare earth elements(REEs).Recovering REEs from phosphoric acid can prevent the accumulation of these elements in the soil and help bridge ...Phosphoric acid is a key ingredient in fertilizer production and contains many rare earth elements(REEs).Recovering REEs from phosphoric acid can prevent the accumulation of these elements in the soil and help bridge the gap between supply and demand.In this concern,a new material called Si-6G PAMAMPPAAM dendrimers modified silica gel terminated with phenylphosphonic acid-amide moieties was developed and its ability to adsorb Nd(Ⅲ)and Er(Ⅲ)from the phosphoric acid solution was investigated.K inetics and isotherm of the uptake process were investigated to explo re the so rption characte ristics.The attained results show that both metal ions exhibit the same adsorption performance,and the uptake process is depicted as a chemisorption,monolayer,uniform,and homogeneous process.The equilibrium state is achieved within 120 min,and the maximum uptake capacity is 16.7 mg Nd(Ⅲ)/g,and 14.0 mg Er(Ⅲ)/g.Sorption thermodynamics is an endothermic,spontaneous,and feasible uptake process.Nitric acid(1.0 mol/L)is found to be efficient for adsorbing about 94.3%and 92.5%of neodymium(Ⅲ)and erbium(Ⅲ)respectively,and the prepared Si-6G PAMAM-PPAAM demonstrates excellent stability over five consecutive sorption/desorption cycles.Preliminary tests on commercial phosphoric acid demonstrate that Si-6G PAMAM-PPAAM retains its effective REEs uptake from a complex comm ercial phosph oric acid solution.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychological challenges among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS),affecting individuals across both sex and age groups.AIM To explore the network structu...BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychological challenges among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS),affecting individuals across both sex and age groups.AIM To explore the network structure of depression and anxiety symptoms,with a focus on identifying differences at the symptom level between sex and age subgroups.METHODS A total of 1955 participants diagnosed with AIS aged 10-18 years were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale(PHO-9)and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7),and 765 patients exhibiting PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores ≥ 5 were enrolled in our study. Network analysis and network comparison tests were utilized toconstruct and compare the depression-anxiety symptoms networks among sex and age subgroups.RESULTSThe results revealed GAD3 “Excessive worry” and PHQ2 “Sad mood” were the most significant central symptomsin all subgroups, while “Sad mood” had higher strength than “Excessive worry” in the lower age group. In thenetwork comparisons, the female network exhibited tighter connectivity, especially on GAD6 “Irritability” andGAD2 “Uncontrollable worry”, while only PHQ3 “Sleep” and PHQ9 “Suicidal ideation” had differences at thelocal level in the lower age group.CONCLUSIONSeveral interventions targeting excessive worry and sad mood could reduce the risk of depression and anxietysymptoms in the AIS population. Furthermore, specific anxiety symptoms in females, along with sleep disturbancesand suicidal ideation in the lower age group, should be addressed at an early stage to prevent significantdisruptions in mental health trajectories.展开更多
Experimental mice play a critical role in biomedical research.The phenotype and application of different substrains vary due to genetic differentiation and variation.To ensure validity and reliability of results,it is...Experimental mice play a critical role in biomedical research.The phenotype and application of different substrains vary due to genetic differentiation and variation.To ensure validity and reliability of results,it is imperative to adhere to standardized experiments and controls.This paper objectively reviews the origin,differentiation,and phenotypic and genetic differences between the C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse substrains.Furthermore,an optimal selection strategy is proposed based on the genetic quality control technology to facilitate the precise application of these two mouse substrains.展开更多
基金funded by the 2023Laibin City Philosophy and Social Science Research Project(No.2023LBZS035)2024Guangxi Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(No.S202411546046X)2025 Research Project of Guangxi Science&Technology Normal University(No.GXKS2025YB020).
文摘Objectives:Suicidal ideation is a strong predictor of suicide deaths,which refers to the consideration or desire to give up one's own life.Left-behind children in rural China are more vulnerable to psychological problems and suicidal ideation compared to their non-left-behind peers.The aim of the current study was to examine two potential protective factors,negotiable fate belief and coping self-efficacy,and to test the mediating role of coping self-efficacy in the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation.We also analyzed gender differences in this mediation model.Methods:Across-sectional survey was conducted in rural areas ofChina.A sample of 526 left-behind children(285 males,54.18%;241 females,45.82%;Meanage=13.29 years,SD=0.97 years)was recruited to complete the Negotiable Fate Belief Scale,Coping Self-Efficacy Scale,and the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory-Negative Scale.We used structural equation modeling to test the mediation model and multigroup analysis to test the moderation effect of gender.Results:Negotiable fate belief is negatively correlated with suicidal ideation(r=-0.13,p<0.01).Moreover,coping self-efficacy mediates the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation(β=-0.06,95%confidence interval(CI)[-0.12,-0.02]),accounting for 35.29%of the total effect.Finally,the mediating effect of coping self-efficacy was found to be significant only for female left-behind children(male:95%CI[-0.09,0.07];female:95%CI[-0.16,-0.01]).For female left-behind children,the mediating effect was complete,with a coefficient of-0.06,accounting for 85.71%of the total effect.Conclusions:The relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation among rural left-behind children is mediated by coping self-efficacy,and this mediation effect was moderated by gender.This study provides a theoretical explanation for how cultivating the belief in negotiable fate and coping self-efficacy is effective for reducing suicidal ideation of rural left-behind children.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31160175)Technology Innovation Talents Project of Yunnan Province(2011CI068)+1 种基金Special Fund for National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Construction(nycytx-23)Seed Preservation Project of Ministry of Agriculture(NB2012-2130135)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the difference in the contents of gallic acid and catechins of tea resources from Yunnan Province. [Method] By using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, the contents of gallic acid （GA）, catechins （C）, epicatechin （EC）, epigallocatechin （EGC）, epicatechin gallate （ECG） and epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG） of 121 tea germplasms from the China National Germplasm Tea Repositories （CNGTR） at the Tea Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences （TRIYAAS） were measured. [Result] The content of GA ranged from 0.210% to 1.902%, with an average of 0.834%, explaining rela- tively low GA content among tea germplasms. The content of C ranged from 0.069% to 8.865%, with an average of 1.916%. The content of EC ranged from 0.126% to 2.865%, with an average of 1.112%. The content of EGC ranged from 0.00% to 3.709%, with an average of 0.954%. The content of ECG ranged from 0.739% to 8.957%, with an average of 4.063%. The content of EGCG ranged from 0.819% to 11.77%, with an average of 5.939%. The content of total C ranged from 6.354% to 22.654%, with an average of 14.042%. [Conclusion] There was relatively big difference of catechin contents among different tea resources, indicating that there was plentiful biodiversity of Yunnan tea germplasms. At the same time, three tea germplasms with high epigallocatechin gallate content （≥10%） was selected preliminarily, which would provide important materials for breeding tea cultivars with high EGCG content in the future.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30901038, 31160468)the State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Science and Technology, China (2004DA125184F1115)the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Guizhou Province, China ([2009]3085)
文摘Reducing dietary cation-anion difference （DCAD） has been proved an effective way to prevent milk fever in dairy cows. Based on the similar physiological gastro-intestinal tract anatomy and metabolic process between female goats and dairy cows, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying DCAD on fluid acid-base status, plasma minerals concentration and anti-oxidative stress capacity of female goats. Urinary pH, plasma Ca, P and Mg; and anti-oxidative stress indices of total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD）, hydrogen peroxide （HzO2）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and malondialdehyde （MDA） were determined to evaluate the effect. Forty-eight Guizhou black female goats （（15±1.9） mon of old, （22.3±3.75） kg of BW） were randomly allocated to 4 blocks of 12 goats each and were fed 1 of 4 diets differed in DCAD level （calculated as Na＋K-C1-S, mEq kg-1 DM）. Levels of DCAD were preliminarily designed to be control （＋ 150 mEq kg^-1 DM, CON）, high DCAD （＋300 mEq kg^-1 DM, HD）, low DCAD （0 mEq kg^-1 DM, LD） and negative DCAD （-150 mEq kg^-1 DM, ND）, respectively. A commercial anionic salts （Animate） and sodium bicarbonate （NaHCO3） were supplemented to reduce and increase DCAD level, respectively. There was no difference in dry matter intake for 4 groups of goats. Urine pH was aggressively decreased （P〈0.0001） with reduced DCAD and there was a strong association between DCAD and urine pH （R2=0.793, P〈0.0001）. Compared with CON and HD feeding of LD and ND resulted in greater （P〈0.05） plasma Ca concentration. Plasma P level was increased （P〈0.05） when anionic salts were supplemented. The DCAD alteration did not affected （P〉0.05） plasma Mg level. There was no significant （P〉0.05） difference in plasma GSH-Px activity and H202, but anionic salts supplementation in LD and ND significantly increased （P〈0.05） plasma T-SOD activity and tended to reduce MDA （P〈0.1） over HD and CON. Results from this study indicated that reducing DCAD could decrease urine pH and increase plasma Ca concentration of female goats. Additionally, reducing DCAD was helpful to enhance anti-oxidative stress capability of female goats.
文摘With the development of society, English is pushed to be a significant position as a tool of communication. In English learning, the differences between Chinese culture and Occidental culture bring a lot of difficulties in English reading comprehension. And the effect mainly represents in vocabulary, grammar system, language background. This paper analyzes the effect from the three aspects to help Chinese English learners understand the effect better and give them some enlightenment in English reading comprehension.
基金funded by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2012BAD14B05, 2013BAC09B01)the Major Achievement Transfer Project of Jilin Province, China (20130309005NY)
文摘Knowledge of different effects of various organic materials on soil humic substance is important for both environmental safety and sustainable agriculture.A pot experiment was conducted at Jilin Agricultural University,Jilin Province in northeast China to discover the influence of herb residue,animal excrement,woody residue,animal remnant on fulvic acid（FA） composition and structure using differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetric（DTA-TG）,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） and elemental analysis.DTA-TG showed the range of peak temperature in the first exothermic reaction increased following the trend： CK〉herb residue〉animal excrement〉woody residue=animal remnant,and the most weight loss was observed in animal excrement.Moreover,the second exothermic reaction of CK-and animal excrement-FA was presented as double peaks,the order of weight loss in that area was animal remnant〉CK〉woody residue〉animal excrement〉herb residue.According to FTIR,herb residue displayed higher adsorption intensity at 2 950,1 420,1 240 and 1 030 cm-1,animal excrement was in reverse.At the same time,herb residue-and animal excrement-FA had an absorption peak at 1 720 cm-1,while other organic materials didn＇t have this peak.As elemental analysis showed,FA isolated from various treatments was significantly distinct.It was clearly shown from our results that FA composition and structure in amended soils may be affected in different ways and at various extents on dependence of the nature and origin of amendment.
文摘In this study, we examined the varia- tions between the difference method and the enzyme- hydrolyzed casein method for determining endogenous amino acid loss and the true amino acid digestibility in ducks fed normal protein-containing diets. These methods were compared to the nitrogen-free （N-free） diet method. The difference method was based on soy- bean meal as the only protein source, with the experi- mental diets containing crude protein levels at 15% and 20%. The enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method was based on enzyme-hydrolyzed casein meal as the pro- tein source, with the experimental diet containing a crude protein level of 17.5%. The N-free diet was prepared with starches and paper fibers. In each meth- od,64 Tianfu meat drakes （7-weeks-old） with an av- erage body weight of 2.77±0.16 kg were used and divided into four groups, and fed four different diets. Each group contained four replicates of four drakes and they were force fed trial diets according to the Sirbald method for detecting their apparent amino aciddigestibility, endogenous amino acid loss and true a- mino acid digestibility. The results demonstrated that using the difference, enzyme-hydrolyzed casein and N-free diet methods, endogenous amino acid losses were 0. 9946,1. 2243 and 0. 9297 mg/g dry matter in- take （ DMI）, respectively. The true amino acid digest- ibility measured by the difference method was 88.93 %±4.43 %. Using the enzyme-hydrolyzed ca- sein method with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20%, the digestibility was 91.15%±4.33% and 91.97%±4. 16%, respectively, and by the N-free diet methods with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20% ,it was 88.55%±4.29% and 88.82 %±4.61%, respectively. The results suggested that when the dietary protein level was 15% to 20 %, the true amino acid digestibility and endogenous ami- no acid loss as determined by the difference method was more accurate than the values determined by the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method.
基金supported by the NIDA(Grants R01DA15431and P30DA016383)National Key Clinical Disciplines at Shanghai Mental Health Center(Office of Medical Affairs,Ministry of Health,2011-873)
文摘Objective This study examined the gender differences in drug‐related problems and predictors of recidivism among a sample of 1444 offenders with co‐morbid drug abuse and mental disorders participating in California＇s Proposition 36 Program.Methods Background characteristics and problem severity in multiple key life areas were assessed at intake by using Addiction Severity Index,and drug treatment participation,mental health diagnoses and arrests were based on official records.Results Women demonstrated greater problem severity than men in family relationships,health,psychological health,and sexual and physical abuse history.Men on the other hand had greater criminal history,high rates of attention disorder,and psychotic disorder.More men than women were rearrested during the year after treatment admission.Logistic regression analyses showed that for the combined sample,male,young age,cocaine use（relative to methamphetamine）,drug abuse severity,methadone treatment,arrest history and fewer prior treatment history were associated with higher recidivism at 12‐month follow‐up;lower education,cocaine use,and arrest history were related to women＇s recidivism,while young age,outpatient treatment,and arrest history were predictors of men＇s recidivism.Conclusion Although the specific type of mental disorder did not seem to be predictive of recidivism,the high rates of mental health disorder and arrest of this population is problematic.Intervention strategies taking into consideration gender‐specific problems and needs can improve outcomes for both.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20161542)the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(17KJB150006)Jiangsu Overseas Visiting Scholar Program for University Prominent Young&Middle-aged Teachers and Presidents(2017)
文摘Two arylpyrazoles I andⅡwere synthesized and characterized by NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Compound I displayed 71.4%fungicidal inhibition rate against Rhizoctonia solani at 0.1 ppm,better than the control pyraclostrobin,whereasⅡhad little activity.Their fungicidal difference was discussed from theoretic level based on the crystal structure,density functional theory(DFT)calculation and molecular docking.The B3 LYP/6-31G^**level was employed to explore the HOMO-LUMO energy gap and charge distribution.Molecular docking was performed on the probable target protein bc1-enzyme complex.DFT calculation and docking studies supported the in vitro findings.
文摘Background:Social support is related to depression,but the gender differences and related factors that contribute to low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression remain to be elucidated.This study explores the relationship between social support and depression,in addition to the gender difference in the incidence of low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression and its related factors.Methods:A total of 371 Chinese adolescents with subthreshold depression were recruited.All subjects were rated on the Social Support Scale for Adolescents,the Response Style Scale,the Self-Perception Profile for Children,the Individualism-collectivism scale.Results:Binary logistic regression indicated that the stability dimension of cognitive style,the generality dimension of the Cognitive Style Questionnaire,and the social acceptance dimension of the Self-Perception Profile for Children scale were significantly correlated with social support level in male adolescents with subthreshold depression.In contrast,the total score of the Self-Perception Profile for Children scale,the social acceptance of the Self-Perception Profile for Children scale,total individualism,and total collectivism were significantly correlated with social support level in female adolescents with subthreshold depression.Limitations:This study is a cross-sectional study,and its effectiveness in explaining factors that influence levels of social support is limited.Conclusions:The gender difference between low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression is related to cognitive style,self-perception,and collectivism–individualism.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression presents significant challenges to mental health care.Although phy-sical activity is highly beneficial to mental and physical health,relatively few stu-dies have conducted on the relationship between them.AIM To investigate the association between muscle quality index(MQI)and incidence of depression.METHODS The data used in this cross-sectional study were obtained from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey,which included informa-tion on MQI,depression,and confounding factors.Multivariable logistic regre-ssion models were employed,while taking into account the complex multi-stage sampling design.A restricted cubic spline model was utilized to investigate the non-linear relationship between the MQI and depression.Additionally,subgroup analyses were performed to identify influential factors.RESULTS The prevalence of depression in this population was 8.44%.With the adjusted model,the MQI was associated with depression in females(odds ratio=0.68,95%confidence interval:0.49-0.95)but not in males(odds ratio=1.08,95%confidence interval:0.77-1.52).Restricted cubic spline adjustment of all covariates showed a significant negative non-linear relationship between depression and the MQI in females.The observed trend indicated an 80%decrease in the risk of depression for each unit increase in MQI,until a value of 2.2.Subsequently,when the MQI exceeded 2.2,the prevalence of depression increased by 20%for every unit increase in the MQI.Subgroup analyses further confirmed that the MQI was negatively associated with de-pression.CONCLUSION The MQI was inversely correlated with depression in females but not males,suggesting that females with a higher MQI might decrease the risk of depression.
基金Supported by the Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Life science has a need for detection methods that are label-free and real-time. In this paper, we have selected staphylococcal protein A （SPA） and swine immunoglobulin G （IgG）, and monitor the bindings between SPA and swine IgG with different concentrations, as well as the dissociations of SPA-swine IgG complex in different pH values of phosphate buffer by oblique-incidence reflectivity difference （OIRD） in a label-free and real-time fashion. We obtain the ON and OFF reaction dynamic curves corresponding to the bindings and dissociations of SPA and swine IgG. Through our analysis of the experimental results, we have been able to obtain the damping coefficients and the dissociation time of SPA and swine IgG for different pH values of the phosphate buffer. The results prove that the OIRD technique is a competing method for monitoring the dynamic processes of biomolecule interaction and achieving the quantitative information of reaction kinetics.
文摘Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of information sources varies by age and individual habits. With the widespread use of the internet, there are notable differences between younger and older generations in their reliance on the internet versus traditional media sources like newspapers and television. Given the wide age range and diverse backgrounds of nursing students, understanding generational differences in information-gathering methods is important for implementing effective education. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how nursing students in different age groups obtain social information and to examine media usage trends by age group. Additionally, we aim to use the findings to provide insights into effective information dissemination methods in nursing education. Results: The results showed that nursing students in their teens to forties, regardless of gender, primarily relied on the internet as their main information source, with television playing a secondary role. In contrast, students in their fifties tended to obtain information more often from newspapers and television than from the internet. This highlights an age-related difference in preferred information sources, with older students showing a greater reliance on traditional media. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that nursing students use different information-gathering methods based on their age, suggesting a need to custo-mize information dissemination strategies in nursing education. Digital media may be more effective for younger students, while traditional media or printed materials might better serve older students. Educational institutions should consider these generational differences in media usage and adopt strategies that meet the diverse needs of their student populations.
文摘The minimal clinically important difference(MCID)represents a pivotal metric in bridging the gap between statistical significance and clinical relevance,addressing the direct impact of medical interventions from the patient's perspective.This comprehensive review analyzes the evolution,applications,and challenges of MCID across medical specialties,emphasizing its necessity in ensuring that clinical outcomes not only demonstrate statistical significance but also offer genuine clinical utility that aligns with patient expectations and needs.We discuss the evolution of MCID since its inception in the 1980s,its current applications across various medical specialties,and the methodologies used in its calculation,highlighting both anchor-based and distribution-based approaches.Furthermore,the paper delves into the challenges associated with the application of MCID,such as methodological variability and the interpretation difficulties that arise in clinical settings.Recommendations for the future include standardizing MCID calculation methods,enhancing patient involvement in setting MCID thresholds,and extending research to incorporate diverse global perspectives.These steps are critical to refining the role of MCID in patient-centered healthcare,addressing existing gaps in methodology and interpretation,and ensuring that medical interventions lead to significant,patient-perceived improvements.
文摘To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,and TL84)on 3D color difference evaluations,50 glossy spheres with a diameter of 2cm based on the Sailner J4003D color printing device were created.These spheres were centered around the five recommended colors(gray,red,yellow,green,and blue)by CIE.Color difference was calculated according to the four formulas,and 111 pairs of experimental samples meeting the CIELAB gray scale color difference requirements(1.0-14.0)were selected.Ten observers,aged between 22 and 27 with normal color vision,were participated in this study,using the gray scale method from psychophysical experiments to conduct color difference evaluations under the four light sources,with repeated experiments for each observer.The results indicated that the overall effect of the D65 light source on 3D objects color difference was minimal.In contrast,D50 and A light sources had a significant impact within the small color difference range,while the TL84 light source influenced both large and small color difference considerably.Among the four color difference formulas,CIEDE2000 demonstrated the best predictive performance for color difference in 3D objects,followed by CMC(1:1),CIE94,and CIELAB.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30817)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation-Hengyang City Joint Fund Project(2025JJ70129)+1 种基金Changsha Natural Science Foundation(kq2403057)China。
文摘Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden of NVL in China by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021 and to project trends over the next 15 years.Methods:Using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database,we conducted descriptive analyses of NVL prevalence in China,calculated age-standardized prevalence rates(ASPR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates(ASDR)to compare burden differences between sexes and age groups,and applied an autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model to predict NVL trends for the next 15 years.The model selection was based on best-fit criteria to ensure reliable projections.Results:From 1990 to 2021,China’s ASPR of NVL rose from 10096.24/100000 to 15624.54/100000,and ASDR increased from 101.75/100000 to 158.75/100000.In 2021,ASPR(16551.70/100000)and ASDR(167.69/100000)were higher among females than males(14686.21/100000 and 149.76/100000,respectively).China ranked highest globally in both NVL cases and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),with female burden significantly exceeding male burden.Projections indicated this trend and sex gap will persist until 2036.Compared with 1990,the prevalence cases and DALYs increased by 239.20%and 238.82%,respectively in 2021,with the highest burden among females and the 55−59 age group.The ARIMA model predicted continued increases in prevalence and DALYs by 2036,with females maintaining a higher burden than males.Conclusion:This study reveals a marked increase in the NVL burden in China and predicts continued growth in the coming years.Public health policies should prioritize NVL prevention and control,with special attention to women and middle-aged populations to mitigate long-term societal and health impacts.
文摘Phosphoric acid is a key ingredient in fertilizer production and contains many rare earth elements(REEs).Recovering REEs from phosphoric acid can prevent the accumulation of these elements in the soil and help bridge the gap between supply and demand.In this concern,a new material called Si-6G PAMAMPPAAM dendrimers modified silica gel terminated with phenylphosphonic acid-amide moieties was developed and its ability to adsorb Nd(Ⅲ)and Er(Ⅲ)from the phosphoric acid solution was investigated.K inetics and isotherm of the uptake process were investigated to explo re the so rption characte ristics.The attained results show that both metal ions exhibit the same adsorption performance,and the uptake process is depicted as a chemisorption,monolayer,uniform,and homogeneous process.The equilibrium state is achieved within 120 min,and the maximum uptake capacity is 16.7 mg Nd(Ⅲ)/g,and 14.0 mg Er(Ⅲ)/g.Sorption thermodynamics is an endothermic,spontaneous,and feasible uptake process.Nitric acid(1.0 mol/L)is found to be efficient for adsorbing about 94.3%and 92.5%of neodymium(Ⅲ)and erbium(Ⅲ)respectively,and the prepared Si-6G PAMAM-PPAAM demonstrates excellent stability over five consecutive sorption/desorption cycles.Preliminary tests on commercial phosphoric acid demonstrate that Si-6G PAMAM-PPAAM retains its effective REEs uptake from a complex comm ercial phosph oric acid solution.
基金Supported by The Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen,No.SZSM202211003Shenzhen-Hong Kong Jointly Funded Project,Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,No.SGDX20230116093645007+1 种基金Shenzhen Second People's Hospital Clinical Project,No.20243357003Shenzhen Medical Research Fund,No.B2303005.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychological challenges among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS),affecting individuals across both sex and age groups.AIM To explore the network structure of depression and anxiety symptoms,with a focus on identifying differences at the symptom level between sex and age subgroups.METHODS A total of 1955 participants diagnosed with AIS aged 10-18 years were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale(PHO-9)and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7),and 765 patients exhibiting PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores ≥ 5 were enrolled in our study. Network analysis and network comparison tests were utilized toconstruct and compare the depression-anxiety symptoms networks among sex and age subgroups.RESULTSThe results revealed GAD3 “Excessive worry” and PHQ2 “Sad mood” were the most significant central symptomsin all subgroups, while “Sad mood” had higher strength than “Excessive worry” in the lower age group. In thenetwork comparisons, the female network exhibited tighter connectivity, especially on GAD6 “Irritability” andGAD2 “Uncontrollable worry”, while only PHQ3 “Sleep” and PHQ9 “Suicidal ideation” had differences at thelocal level in the lower age group.CONCLUSIONSeveral interventions targeting excessive worry and sad mood could reduce the risk of depression and anxietysymptoms in the AIS population. Furthermore, specific anxiety symptoms in females, along with sleep disturbancesand suicidal ideation in the lower age group, should be addressed at an early stage to prevent significantdisruptions in mental health trajectories.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFF0703200Key Technology Fund of the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control,Grant/Award Number:GJJS-2022-1-5。
文摘Experimental mice play a critical role in biomedical research.The phenotype and application of different substrains vary due to genetic differentiation and variation.To ensure validity and reliability of results,it is imperative to adhere to standardized experiments and controls.This paper objectively reviews the origin,differentiation,and phenotypic and genetic differences between the C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse substrains.Furthermore,an optimal selection strategy is proposed based on the genetic quality control technology to facilitate the precise application of these two mouse substrains.
