There exists a strong correlation between diets and the increased incidence of food allergy.However,the precise mechanism underlying the impact of dietary fat,sucrose,or inulin on tropomyosin(TM)-induced anaphylaxis r...There exists a strong correlation between diets and the increased incidence of food allergy.However,the precise mechanism underlying the impact of dietary fat,sucrose,or inulin on tropomyosin(TM)-induced anaphylaxis remains unclear.Therefore,the murine model of TM-induced food allergy fed with a high-fat,high-sucrose,highdietary-fiber,or control diet was used to explore the mechanism.The high-sucrose diet was found to result in glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,as well as heightened allergic reactions characterized by decreased specific IgG2a levels and increased levels of specific IgE,specific IgG1,IL-4,peritoneal albumin,histamine,and mast cell degranulation.The aggravating impact of a high-fat diet on allergic reactions was weaker than that of a high-sucrose diet.It was attributed to the destruction of the intestinal mucus layer,the decreased expression of zona occludens 1 and occludin,and the increased release of IL-25 and IL-33.Meanwhile,a high sucrose intake led to dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota,and increased the abundance of Roseburia and norank_f_Oscillospiraceae,contributing to a further impairment of intestinal barrier function.Additionally,inulin intake significantly reduced the level of specific IgG1 and peritoneal albumin due to its protective effect on the intestinal barrier.To sum up,a better understanding of the relationship between diet and immune responses will be crucial for developing effective strategies for managing TM-induced food allergy.展开更多
Understanding how diet and host phylogeny shape gut microbiota is fundamental to elucidating host-microbe interactions in extreme environments.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),characterized by harsh conditions,provides ...Understanding how diet and host phylogeny shape gut microbiota is fundamental to elucidating host-microbe interactions in extreme environments.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),characterized by harsh conditions,provides a natural laboratory for examining these relationships among sympatric species.Here,we investigated the dietary composition and gut microbiota of six passerine species inhabiting the QTP,comprising two endemic residents(White-rumped Snowfinch Onychostruthus taczanowskii and Ground Tit Pseudopodoces humilis),two nonendemic residents(Rock Sparrow Petronia petronia and Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus),and two nonendemic migratory species(Twite Linaria flavirostris and Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros),using highthroughput 18S and 16S rRNA sequencing.Our results revealed that dietary composition—dominated by Archaeplastida,Metazoa,Fungi,and the SAR supergroup—exhibited no significant interspecific variation,reflecting a high degree of trophic niche overlap.Although the overall diet was similar across species,the relative abundances of certain dietary components independently influenced specific microbial taxa.In particular,dietary Archaeplastida and Fungi showed phylogeny-independent positive correlations with 16 and 3 microbial genera,respectively,revealing fine-scale diet-microbiota associations.Evidence of phylosymbiosis was detected,as closely related species harbored more similar microbial communities driven by species-specific microbial biomarkers.Notably,our results suggested deterministic processes played a stronger role in endemic species,whereas stochastic community assembly dominated in non-endemic species,indicating distinct assembly mechanisms shaped by biogeographic history.Overall,this study reveals that while dietary similarity promotes convergent trophic niches among sympatric passerines,host phylogeny exerts a stronger influence on gut microbiota composition and assembly.These findings underline the synergistic roles of diet-microbiota interactions and phylosymbiosis dynamics as key adaptive strategies that enable birds to cope with the extreme environments of the QTP.展开更多
The intestine is the natural habitat for a large and dynamic bacterial community,which perform vital metabolic and immune functions that significantly effect the nutritional and health status of the host.The major phy...The intestine is the natural habitat for a large and dynamic bacterial community,which perform vital metabolic and immune functions that significantly effect the nutritional and health status of the host.The major physiological functions of intestinal flora include metabolic activities that lead to important trophic effects on immune structure and function as well as protection of the colonized host against invasion by transient microbes.The intestinal flora is both a target for nutritional intervention and a factor influencing the biological activity of food compounds acquired orally.Marine environments,as a source of diverse organic compounds,can supply us with a number of beneficial and health-promoting ingredients.This review focuses on the physiological functions of intestinal flora and reciprocal interactions between intestinal flora and dietary marine components including polysaccharides,lipids,protein,taurine,carotenoids,minerals,and polyphenols.This review can serve as a valuable reference regarding the consumption of seafood and marine nutraceuticals.展开更多
This study was to characterise the undigested nutrients present along the gastrointestinal tract of birds offered common wheat-or maize-based diets,with the goal of optimising utilisation of enzymes to enhance digesti...This study was to characterise the undigested nutrients present along the gastrointestinal tract of birds offered common wheat-or maize-based diets,with the goal of optimising utilisation of enzymes to enhance digestive efficiency.Wheat-and maize-based diets were offered to 240 mixed-sex broilers(10 birds/pen;n=12)from 1 to 35 d postehatch.Digestibility of dry matter,starch,crude protein and nonstarch polysaccharides(NSP)were measured in the crop,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,caeca and excreta at d 12 and 35 postehatch.Analysis of nutrient levels in the excreta presented that more than 30%of nutrients provided in the feed was wasted,irrespective of wheat or maize diet type.On average,92 g/kg crude protein,92 g/kg insoluble NSP and 14 g/kg oligosaccharides were not utilised by birds at d 12 postehatch.The quantity of water-insoluble NSP in the small intestine at d 12 was lower in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet(P<0.05),with the reverse being true for water-soluble NSP(P<0.001).On average,84 g/kg crude protein,79 g/kg insoluble NSP and 9 g/kg oligosaccharides remained in the excreta at 35 d of age.At this time period,accumulation of feed in the gizzard was noted for birds offered both diets,but was more pronounced in those offered the maize-based diet(P<0.001).Birds offered the maize-based diet demonstrated improved utilisation of oligosaccharides compared to those fed the wheat-based diet at both d 12 and 35(P=0.087 and P=0.047,respectively).Protein utilisation in the jejunum and ileum was greater in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet(P=0.004 and P<0.001,respectively).Thus,while both diets supported standard growth performance of birds,the degree and flow of nutrient disappearance along the gastrointestinal tract was influenced by cereal type and bird age.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(NO.32022067)the Dalian Sci-Tech Talent Innovation Support Program,China(No.2022RY04).
文摘There exists a strong correlation between diets and the increased incidence of food allergy.However,the precise mechanism underlying the impact of dietary fat,sucrose,or inulin on tropomyosin(TM)-induced anaphylaxis remains unclear.Therefore,the murine model of TM-induced food allergy fed with a high-fat,high-sucrose,highdietary-fiber,or control diet was used to explore the mechanism.The high-sucrose diet was found to result in glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,as well as heightened allergic reactions characterized by decreased specific IgG2a levels and increased levels of specific IgE,specific IgG1,IL-4,peritoneal albumin,histamine,and mast cell degranulation.The aggravating impact of a high-fat diet on allergic reactions was weaker than that of a high-sucrose diet.It was attributed to the destruction of the intestinal mucus layer,the decreased expression of zona occludens 1 and occludin,and the increased release of IL-25 and IL-33.Meanwhile,a high sucrose intake led to dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota,and increased the abundance of Roseburia and norank_f_Oscillospiraceae,contributing to a further impairment of intestinal barrier function.Additionally,inulin intake significantly reduced the level of specific IgG1 and peritoneal albumin due to its protective effect on the intestinal barrier.To sum up,a better understanding of the relationship between diet and immune responses will be crucial for developing effective strategies for managing TM-induced food allergy.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFC2310303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.32471572)awarded to D.L.+1 种基金NSFC(No.32171490)awarded to Y.W.Hebei Natural Science Foundation(HNSF,C2021204059)awarded to Y.S。
文摘Understanding how diet and host phylogeny shape gut microbiota is fundamental to elucidating host-microbe interactions in extreme environments.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),characterized by harsh conditions,provides a natural laboratory for examining these relationships among sympatric species.Here,we investigated the dietary composition and gut microbiota of six passerine species inhabiting the QTP,comprising two endemic residents(White-rumped Snowfinch Onychostruthus taczanowskii and Ground Tit Pseudopodoces humilis),two nonendemic residents(Rock Sparrow Petronia petronia and Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus),and two nonendemic migratory species(Twite Linaria flavirostris and Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros),using highthroughput 18S and 16S rRNA sequencing.Our results revealed that dietary composition—dominated by Archaeplastida,Metazoa,Fungi,and the SAR supergroup—exhibited no significant interspecific variation,reflecting a high degree of trophic niche overlap.Although the overall diet was similar across species,the relative abundances of certain dietary components independently influenced specific microbial taxa.In particular,dietary Archaeplastida and Fungi showed phylogeny-independent positive correlations with 16 and 3 microbial genera,respectively,revealing fine-scale diet-microbiota associations.Evidence of phylosymbiosis was detected,as closely related species harbored more similar microbial communities driven by species-specific microbial biomarkers.Notably,our results suggested deterministic processes played a stronger role in endemic species,whereas stochastic community assembly dominated in non-endemic species,indicating distinct assembly mechanisms shaped by biogeographic history.Overall,this study reveals that while dietary similarity promotes convergent trophic niches among sympatric passerines,host phylogeny exerts a stronger influence on gut microbiota composition and assembly.These findings underline the synergistic roles of diet-microbiota interactions and phylosymbiosis dynamics as key adaptive strategies that enable birds to cope with the extreme environments of the QTP.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD0901103)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901688)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers(U1606403)Natural Science Youth Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019QC004)Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao,LMDBKF201807).
文摘The intestine is the natural habitat for a large and dynamic bacterial community,which perform vital metabolic and immune functions that significantly effect the nutritional and health status of the host.The major physiological functions of intestinal flora include metabolic activities that lead to important trophic effects on immune structure and function as well as protection of the colonized host against invasion by transient microbes.The intestinal flora is both a target for nutritional intervention and a factor influencing the biological activity of food compounds acquired orally.Marine environments,as a source of diverse organic compounds,can supply us with a number of beneficial and health-promoting ingredients.This review focuses on the physiological functions of intestinal flora and reciprocal interactions between intestinal flora and dietary marine components including polysaccharides,lipids,protein,taurine,carotenoids,minerals,and polyphenols.This review can serve as a valuable reference regarding the consumption of seafood and marine nutraceuticals.
基金We would like to thank BASF SE for their financial and academic support throughout this study。
文摘This study was to characterise the undigested nutrients present along the gastrointestinal tract of birds offered common wheat-or maize-based diets,with the goal of optimising utilisation of enzymes to enhance digestive efficiency.Wheat-and maize-based diets were offered to 240 mixed-sex broilers(10 birds/pen;n=12)from 1 to 35 d postehatch.Digestibility of dry matter,starch,crude protein and nonstarch polysaccharides(NSP)were measured in the crop,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,caeca and excreta at d 12 and 35 postehatch.Analysis of nutrient levels in the excreta presented that more than 30%of nutrients provided in the feed was wasted,irrespective of wheat or maize diet type.On average,92 g/kg crude protein,92 g/kg insoluble NSP and 14 g/kg oligosaccharides were not utilised by birds at d 12 postehatch.The quantity of water-insoluble NSP in the small intestine at d 12 was lower in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet(P<0.05),with the reverse being true for water-soluble NSP(P<0.001).On average,84 g/kg crude protein,79 g/kg insoluble NSP and 9 g/kg oligosaccharides remained in the excreta at 35 d of age.At this time period,accumulation of feed in the gizzard was noted for birds offered both diets,but was more pronounced in those offered the maize-based diet(P<0.001).Birds offered the maize-based diet demonstrated improved utilisation of oligosaccharides compared to those fed the wheat-based diet at both d 12 and 35(P=0.087 and P=0.047,respectively).Protein utilisation in the jejunum and ileum was greater in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet(P=0.004 and P<0.001,respectively).Thus,while both diets supported standard growth performance of birds,the degree and flow of nutrient disappearance along the gastrointestinal tract was influenced by cereal type and bird age.
