Molecular dynamics simulation was carried out to study the behavior of liquid 1,2-dichloroethane molecules under external electric fields including direct current field, alternating current field and positive-half-per...Molecular dynamics simulation was carried out to study the behavior of liquid 1,2-dichloroethane molecules under external electric fields including direct current field, alternating current field and positive-half-period cosin field. The maximum applied field strength was 10^8 V/m , the maximum frequency of the alternating current field and that of the positive-half-period cosine field was 10^12 Hz . The simulation revealed that the field type and field strength act on the population of the molecular configuration. In the strong direct current field, all trans forms converted completely into gauche forms. Order parameter and the correlation of the system torsion angle were also investigated. The results suggested that these two dynamical parameters depended also on the field type and the field strength. The maximum of order parameter was found to be at 0.6in the strong direct current field.展开更多
Synthesis of acetic acid by direct oxidation of ethylene on Pd-H4SiW12O40-based catalysts was studied in a fixed-bed integral reactor and a pulse differential reactor. From the performance of the catalysts with differ...Synthesis of acetic acid by direct oxidation of ethylene on Pd-H4SiW12O40-based catalysts was studied in a fixed-bed integral reactor and a pulse differential reactor. From the performance of the catalysts with different compositions and configurations, it is proposed that acetic acid is predominantly produced via an intermediate of acetaldehyde. This can be easily confirmed by comparing the product distributions in the integral and the differential reactors. The active sites for acetic acid formation are considered to exist mainly at the boundaries between the H4SiW12O40 and the Pd particles. The Pd-based catalysts reduced by H2/N2 have higher activities than those reduced by hydrazine, as explained by the degree of Pd dispersion obtained from the characteristics of hydrogen chemical adsorption. It was found that the Pd-Se-SiW12/SiO2 catalyst with selenium tetrachloride as a precursor was more active than that with potassium selenite, and that the acetic acid yield can be greatly increased by adding a suitable amount of dichloroethane (C2H4C12/C2H4 mole ratio=0.03) to the reactants.展开更多
文摘Molecular dynamics simulation was carried out to study the behavior of liquid 1,2-dichloroethane molecules under external electric fields including direct current field, alternating current field and positive-half-period cosin field. The maximum applied field strength was 10^8 V/m , the maximum frequency of the alternating current field and that of the positive-half-period cosine field was 10^12 Hz . The simulation revealed that the field type and field strength act on the population of the molecular configuration. In the strong direct current field, all trans forms converted completely into gauche forms. Order parameter and the correlation of the system torsion angle were also investigated. The results suggested that these two dynamical parameters depended also on the field type and the field strength. The maximum of order parameter was found to be at 0.6in the strong direct current field.
文摘Synthesis of acetic acid by direct oxidation of ethylene on Pd-H4SiW12O40-based catalysts was studied in a fixed-bed integral reactor and a pulse differential reactor. From the performance of the catalysts with different compositions and configurations, it is proposed that acetic acid is predominantly produced via an intermediate of acetaldehyde. This can be easily confirmed by comparing the product distributions in the integral and the differential reactors. The active sites for acetic acid formation are considered to exist mainly at the boundaries between the H4SiW12O40 and the Pd particles. The Pd-based catalysts reduced by H2/N2 have higher activities than those reduced by hydrazine, as explained by the degree of Pd dispersion obtained from the characteristics of hydrogen chemical adsorption. It was found that the Pd-Se-SiW12/SiO2 catalyst with selenium tetrachloride as a precursor was more active than that with potassium selenite, and that the acetic acid yield can be greatly increased by adding a suitable amount of dichloroethane (C2H4C12/C2H4 mole ratio=0.03) to the reactants.
