Computed tomography is an indispensable X-ray imaging modality used to diagnose numerous pathologies, but it can also involve the delivery of high ionizing radiation doses harmful to the health of patients. This study...Computed tomography is an indispensable X-ray imaging modality used to diagnose numerous pathologies, but it can also involve the delivery of high ionizing radiation doses harmful to the health of patients. This study aims to survey the level of radiation doses delivered to child patients during head exams in CT imaging to set up the Dosimetric Reference Levels (DRLs), a routine dose optimization tool, based on data acquired at the University Hospital of Angré (UHA), the University Hospital of Treichville (UHT) and the Polyclinic Hospital Farah (Farah) for optimizing procedures in Ivorian hospitals. Prospectively performed on 334 CT images of 186 child patients, this study was carried out on CT systems such as Hitachi Scenaria, Sinovision Insitum, and Philips Incisive used respectively at UHA, UHT and Farah. Children’s scan data were classified into four age bands: vol or dose-length product as DLP) value, whatever the hospital, increases with respect to the age of child patients. Based on the 75th percentile of the whole dose distributions, the DRLs of the CTDIvol is 54.37 mGy whatever the age groups and those of the DLP with respect to age bands are 1224.55 mGy∙cm, 1414.06 mGy∙cm, 1632.24 mGy.cm and 1544.57 mGy∙cm, respectively. The averaged values of CTDIvol and DLP smaller than the corresponding DRLs values suggest that practices in our three facilities are optimized. However, comparing our results with those from different international studies, we see that the CTDIvol and DLP values obtained in the present work are higher. These results suggest additional surveys to ensure our DRLs values and efforts from radiologists, imaging technicians and medical physicists to strengthen clinical procedures for the radiation protection of children undergoing CT scans in Côte d’Ivoire.展开更多
The purpose of this research was to evaluate radiological safety in pediatric radiology in hospitals in the Kongo Central province of the DRC. To this end, we surveyed a convenience sample of 50 health professionals, ...The purpose of this research was to evaluate radiological safety in pediatric radiology in hospitals in the Kongo Central province of the DRC. To this end, we surveyed a convenience sample of 50 health professionals, including 10 radiologists working in the hospitals covered by the survey, to assess the practice of pediatric radiology and the degree of compliance with radiation protection principles for the safety of children and the environment. We collected radiophysical parameters to calculate entrance doses in pediatric radiology in radiology departments to determine the dosimetric level by comparison with the diagnostic reference levels of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). All in all, we found that in Kongo Central in the DRC, many health personnel surveyed reported that more than 30% of requested radiological examinations are not justified. Also, after comparing the entrance doses produced in the surveyed departments with those of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), a statistically significant difference was found in pediatric radiology between the average doses in five out of six surveyed departments and those of the ICRP. Therefore, almost all of the surveyed departments were found to be highly irradiating in children, while excessive X-ray irradiation in children can have significant effects due to their increased sensitivity to radiation. Among the risks are: increased cancer risks, damage to developing cells, potential genetic effects, and neurological effects. This is why support for implementing radiation protection principles is a necessity to promote the safety of patients and the environment against the harmful effects of X-rays in conventional radiology.展开更多
Objectives: To investigate the dose delivered to adult patients during cranioencephalic and abdominal-pelvic examinations in computed tomography (CT) in order to set up the Local Dosimetric Reference Levels (LDRLs) of...Objectives: To investigate the dose delivered to adult patients during cranioencephalic and abdominal-pelvic examinations in computed tomography (CT) in order to set up the Local Dosimetric Reference Levels (LDRLs) of the University Hospital of Treichville (UHT) for the radiation protection of patients undergoing CT scans. Methods: This study was prospectively performed on 153 CT images of adult patients including 120 CT images of cranioencephalic (CE) and 33 CT images of the abdominal pelvic (AP) examinations. These images were acquired on the CT system INSITUM with 64 bars, manufactured by the company SINOVISION and commissioned in 2021 at UHT. Then the volume computed tomography index (CTDIvol) and the dose-length product (DLP) were determined. Results: Based on the statistical method of 75th percentile, the obtained LDRLs as CTDIvol and DLP are 54.37 mGy and 28.07 mGy, 1716 mGy.cm and 1490.8 mGy.cm respectively for CE and AP examinations. Comparing our results with those from different international studies, CTDIvol and DLP values obtained in the present work are higher. Conclusion: LDRLs for dosimetric quantities such as CTDIvol and DLP for CE and AP examinations have been set up in this study. It will contribute with further studies to the national diagnostic reference levels of cranioencephalic and abdominal pelvis CT exams for strengthening the radiation protection of patients in Côte d’Ivoire.展开更多
Objectives: The aim of this work was to initially establish both age and weight driven pediatric diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for chest computed tomography (CT) examinations performed at tertiary care medical in...Objectives: The aim of this work was to initially establish both age and weight driven pediatric diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for chest computed tomography (CT) examinations performed at tertiary care medical institution. Another aim was to compare the presented data with internationally published ones. This initial data shall serve as basis for establishing a national DRLs values for pediatric diagnostic CT examinations. Methods: Dosimetric indexes were collected for the chest examination for 93 patients during the past 2 years in a tertiary care medical city. Results: The results are within and below the international reported levels for chest CT in several countries. Conclusion: Continuous monitoring of the radiation doses received by the patients in computed tomography is continuous and ongoing process in order to ensure compliance and to optimize clinical imaging protocols. More extensive data acquisition and analysis are required to allow better understanding of the contributing factors leading to less patient radiation dose while preserving the clinical image quality. .展开更多
Background: The PET/CT imaging studies have two doses components the dose from the PET radiopharmaceutical and the other from the low dose CT used for PET images attenuation correction. We have one PET/CT scanner at o...Background: The PET/CT imaging studies have two doses components the dose from the PET radiopharmaceutical and the other from the low dose CT used for PET images attenuation correction. We have one PET/CT scanner at our institution a Philips Time of Flight scanner. Our local patient’s radiation protection rules requires continuous assessment of radiation doses delivered to our patients. Purposes: The objectives of this study are to develop a weight- based facility DRLs for paediatric F-18-FDG PET-CT imaging for oncology in a large tertiary hospital and to determine whether the calculated DRLs compares with internationally published DRLs. Materials & Methods: Radiation dose data and patient demographics of two-hundreds and sixteen paediatric PET-CT oncology patients imaging procedures from one large tertiary hospital were selected and analysed in order to establish a facility paediatric DRLs. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: The PET dose reference levels ranged between [62 - 525] MBq of injected activity for a range of pediatric age groups. The CTDI<sub>vol</sub> values were between 3.5 and 16.5 mGy for all age groups. Comparison with current EANM and SNMMI recommendations of patient’s dose are discussed. Conclusion: Our pediatric PET/CT reference levels are higher than the ones reported internationally with notable variations. .展开更多
In this study, a national survey for establishment of Nuclear Medicine (NM) Dose Reference Levels (DRLs) for adult patients was carried out. The Administrated Activity (AAs) (MBq) was collected from six nuclear medici...In this study, a national survey for establishment of Nuclear Medicine (NM) Dose Reference Levels (DRLs) for adult patients was carried out. The Administrated Activity (AAs) (MBq) was collected from six nuclear medicine departments. Factors influencing the image quality were also observed. The established Sudan National DRLs represent the AA value corresponding to 75th percentile of the AA frequency distribution. Generally, Sudan National DRLs and average AAs are comparable with the papers published in the international literature. All Sudanese DRLs values were found within the international range. While it is noted that the Sudanese DRLs is higher than the values of ARSA except for the MIBI pharmaceuticals that used in both parathyroid and myocardial perfusion scan and for <sup>99m</sup>TcDTPA that used for Dynamic Renal scan study the DRLs values were decreased. In compared with UNSCEAR 2008 data, the average dose (MBq) for Sudanese we note that the bone scan falls within the average values while it’s lower in all other scans except for parathyroid scan in which the AAAs increase more than twice. When compared to BSS 1996, it showed variation in increased and decreased AAAs. There may be potential for reducing the higher values of AAs, in co-operation with Nuclear Medicine staff.展开更多
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the level of X-ray doses used in childhood’s head as Local Diagnostic Reference Levels (LDRLs) in computed tomography (CT) at a university hospital in Côte d’Ivoire. The ...Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the level of X-ray doses used in childhood’s head as Local Diagnostic Reference Levels (LDRLs) in computed tomography (CT) at a university hospital in Côte d’Ivoire. The Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) have been set up and used to prevent unusually high radiation doses used in radiology departments and is therefore an optimization tool for practices and procedures in medical X-ray imaging for the radiation protection of patients. Methods: A prospective study of volume CT dose index (CTDI<sub>vol</sub>) and dose length product (DLP) was performed on images of childhood’s head obtained from a CT-scanner of 64 bars equipped with the tube current modulation capability and manufactured by Hitachi Medical System. 122 CT-scan data from 55 childhood’s head were analyzed. The scan data were stratified in four age groups: Results: The 75th percentile of CTDI<sub>vol</sub> and DLP (set as LDRL) obtained with respect to the stratified age groups are: 22.5 mGy and 452.5 mGy∙cm, 27.7 mGy and 690.6 mGy∙cm, 28 mGy and 722.4 mGy∙cm, 33.6 mGy and 736.8 mGy∙cm respectively. These outcome values increase with respect to the age of pediatric patients and are comparable to DRLs values obtained internationally. Conclusions: Obtaining good image quality while using low dose in children’s head computed tomography for radiation protection require to setup more surveys in Côte d’Ivoire for regional and national DRL. We proposed through this survey LDRLs in terms of CTDI<sub>vol</sub> and DLP, comparable to international DRLs values. This survey will be strengthened by additional surveys in order to obtain national DRLs for the radiation protection of the child patient in Côte d’Ivoire.展开更多
Objective:To survey and analyze the radiation doses of pediatric CT in some provinces(autonomous region)or municipalities in China,and compare them with the data released by the relevant domestic and international org...Objective:To survey and analyze the radiation doses of pediatric CT in some provinces(autonomous region)or municipalities in China,and compare them with the data released by the relevant domestic and international organizations,so as to identify the current status of Chinese pediatric CT radiation doses.Methods:Radiation doses of pediatric CT were collected during August and December 2016 from 40 hospitals(including 18 children’s hospitals)in 15 provinces,municipalities or autonomous regions across the China.The procedures of head CT,chest CT and abdomen CT were selected in these hospitals,and 10 patients in each group of 0-<1 y,1-<5 y,5-<10 y and 10-<15 y were collected at random for every procedure.Weighted CT dose index(CTDI_(w)),volumetric CT dose index(CTDI_(vol))and dose length product(DLP)were used as survey quantities.An independent sample Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was performed for CTDI and DLP for each procedure for different age groups,and pairwise comparisons were performed for intra-group data.The same statistical method was also conducted for CTDI and DLP of the same procedure and age group in different provinces or municipalities.Results:The 75th percentiles of the distribution of CTDI and DLP in different age groups of 0-<1 y,1-<5 y,5-<10 y and 10-<15 y were as follows:36.5,43.4,49.1,51.1 mGy and 488,635,723,852 mGy.cm for head,6.1,6.4,6.8,9.6 mGy and 108,136,187,293 mGy.cm for chest,10.5,10.3,11.4,13.0 mGy and 251,284,353,523 mGy.cm for abdomen.The 50th percentiles of the distribution of the radiation doses for the same procedure varied with the ages(head,CTDI_(w):H=155.66,DLP:H=212.35,P<0.05;chest,CTDI_(vol):H=85.43,DLP:H=197.36,P<0.05;abdomen:H=62.29,DLP:H=173.22,P<0.05)and with lower dose at lower age.Radiation doses were close for head between 5-<10 y and 10-<15 y groups,for chest between 1-<5 y and 5-<10 y groups and between 5-<10 y and 10-<15 y groups,and for abdomen between 0-<1 y and 1-<5 y groups,with no statistically significant difference(the adjusted P>0.05).The dose levels of different provinces or municipalities in the same procedure and age group were not consistent,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The data were different from the domestic and international values of DRL.The 75th percentiles of CTDI_(w) and DLP values of head CT were close to the data from Japan and UK(United Kingdom),higher than the data from Korea and EC(European Commission).The 75th percentiles of CTDI values of all age groups were lower than the values of Japan and UK,and larger than that of Korea and EC in chest CT and abdomen CT.Conclusions:The 75th percentile values of the distribution of the pediatric CT doses obtained from the survey were inconsistent with those released by the relevant national and international organizations.It is necessary to update the national DRLs for pediatric CT on the basis of the actual survey data.展开更多
文摘Computed tomography is an indispensable X-ray imaging modality used to diagnose numerous pathologies, but it can also involve the delivery of high ionizing radiation doses harmful to the health of patients. This study aims to survey the level of radiation doses delivered to child patients during head exams in CT imaging to set up the Dosimetric Reference Levels (DRLs), a routine dose optimization tool, based on data acquired at the University Hospital of Angré (UHA), the University Hospital of Treichville (UHT) and the Polyclinic Hospital Farah (Farah) for optimizing procedures in Ivorian hospitals. Prospectively performed on 334 CT images of 186 child patients, this study was carried out on CT systems such as Hitachi Scenaria, Sinovision Insitum, and Philips Incisive used respectively at UHA, UHT and Farah. Children’s scan data were classified into four age bands: vol or dose-length product as DLP) value, whatever the hospital, increases with respect to the age of child patients. Based on the 75th percentile of the whole dose distributions, the DRLs of the CTDIvol is 54.37 mGy whatever the age groups and those of the DLP with respect to age bands are 1224.55 mGy∙cm, 1414.06 mGy∙cm, 1632.24 mGy.cm and 1544.57 mGy∙cm, respectively. The averaged values of CTDIvol and DLP smaller than the corresponding DRLs values suggest that practices in our three facilities are optimized. However, comparing our results with those from different international studies, we see that the CTDIvol and DLP values obtained in the present work are higher. These results suggest additional surveys to ensure our DRLs values and efforts from radiologists, imaging technicians and medical physicists to strengthen clinical procedures for the radiation protection of children undergoing CT scans in Côte d’Ivoire.
文摘The purpose of this research was to evaluate radiological safety in pediatric radiology in hospitals in the Kongo Central province of the DRC. To this end, we surveyed a convenience sample of 50 health professionals, including 10 radiologists working in the hospitals covered by the survey, to assess the practice of pediatric radiology and the degree of compliance with radiation protection principles for the safety of children and the environment. We collected radiophysical parameters to calculate entrance doses in pediatric radiology in radiology departments to determine the dosimetric level by comparison with the diagnostic reference levels of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). All in all, we found that in Kongo Central in the DRC, many health personnel surveyed reported that more than 30% of requested radiological examinations are not justified. Also, after comparing the entrance doses produced in the surveyed departments with those of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), a statistically significant difference was found in pediatric radiology between the average doses in five out of six surveyed departments and those of the ICRP. Therefore, almost all of the surveyed departments were found to be highly irradiating in children, while excessive X-ray irradiation in children can have significant effects due to their increased sensitivity to radiation. Among the risks are: increased cancer risks, damage to developing cells, potential genetic effects, and neurological effects. This is why support for implementing radiation protection principles is a necessity to promote the safety of patients and the environment against the harmful effects of X-rays in conventional radiology.
文摘Objectives: To investigate the dose delivered to adult patients during cranioencephalic and abdominal-pelvic examinations in computed tomography (CT) in order to set up the Local Dosimetric Reference Levels (LDRLs) of the University Hospital of Treichville (UHT) for the radiation protection of patients undergoing CT scans. Methods: This study was prospectively performed on 153 CT images of adult patients including 120 CT images of cranioencephalic (CE) and 33 CT images of the abdominal pelvic (AP) examinations. These images were acquired on the CT system INSITUM with 64 bars, manufactured by the company SINOVISION and commissioned in 2021 at UHT. Then the volume computed tomography index (CTDIvol) and the dose-length product (DLP) were determined. Results: Based on the statistical method of 75th percentile, the obtained LDRLs as CTDIvol and DLP are 54.37 mGy and 28.07 mGy, 1716 mGy.cm and 1490.8 mGy.cm respectively for CE and AP examinations. Comparing our results with those from different international studies, CTDIvol and DLP values obtained in the present work are higher. Conclusion: LDRLs for dosimetric quantities such as CTDIvol and DLP for CE and AP examinations have been set up in this study. It will contribute with further studies to the national diagnostic reference levels of cranioencephalic and abdominal pelvis CT exams for strengthening the radiation protection of patients in Côte d’Ivoire.
文摘Objectives: The aim of this work was to initially establish both age and weight driven pediatric diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for chest computed tomography (CT) examinations performed at tertiary care medical institution. Another aim was to compare the presented data with internationally published ones. This initial data shall serve as basis for establishing a national DRLs values for pediatric diagnostic CT examinations. Methods: Dosimetric indexes were collected for the chest examination for 93 patients during the past 2 years in a tertiary care medical city. Results: The results are within and below the international reported levels for chest CT in several countries. Conclusion: Continuous monitoring of the radiation doses received by the patients in computed tomography is continuous and ongoing process in order to ensure compliance and to optimize clinical imaging protocols. More extensive data acquisition and analysis are required to allow better understanding of the contributing factors leading to less patient radiation dose while preserving the clinical image quality. .
文摘Background: The PET/CT imaging studies have two doses components the dose from the PET radiopharmaceutical and the other from the low dose CT used for PET images attenuation correction. We have one PET/CT scanner at our institution a Philips Time of Flight scanner. Our local patient’s radiation protection rules requires continuous assessment of radiation doses delivered to our patients. Purposes: The objectives of this study are to develop a weight- based facility DRLs for paediatric F-18-FDG PET-CT imaging for oncology in a large tertiary hospital and to determine whether the calculated DRLs compares with internationally published DRLs. Materials & Methods: Radiation dose data and patient demographics of two-hundreds and sixteen paediatric PET-CT oncology patients imaging procedures from one large tertiary hospital were selected and analysed in order to establish a facility paediatric DRLs. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: The PET dose reference levels ranged between [62 - 525] MBq of injected activity for a range of pediatric age groups. The CTDI<sub>vol</sub> values were between 3.5 and 16.5 mGy for all age groups. Comparison with current EANM and SNMMI recommendations of patient’s dose are discussed. Conclusion: Our pediatric PET/CT reference levels are higher than the ones reported internationally with notable variations. .
文摘In this study, a national survey for establishment of Nuclear Medicine (NM) Dose Reference Levels (DRLs) for adult patients was carried out. The Administrated Activity (AAs) (MBq) was collected from six nuclear medicine departments. Factors influencing the image quality were also observed. The established Sudan National DRLs represent the AA value corresponding to 75th percentile of the AA frequency distribution. Generally, Sudan National DRLs and average AAs are comparable with the papers published in the international literature. All Sudanese DRLs values were found within the international range. While it is noted that the Sudanese DRLs is higher than the values of ARSA except for the MIBI pharmaceuticals that used in both parathyroid and myocardial perfusion scan and for <sup>99m</sup>TcDTPA that used for Dynamic Renal scan study the DRLs values were decreased. In compared with UNSCEAR 2008 data, the average dose (MBq) for Sudanese we note that the bone scan falls within the average values while it’s lower in all other scans except for parathyroid scan in which the AAAs increase more than twice. When compared to BSS 1996, it showed variation in increased and decreased AAAs. There may be potential for reducing the higher values of AAs, in co-operation with Nuclear Medicine staff.
文摘Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the level of X-ray doses used in childhood’s head as Local Diagnostic Reference Levels (LDRLs) in computed tomography (CT) at a university hospital in Côte d’Ivoire. The Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) have been set up and used to prevent unusually high radiation doses used in radiology departments and is therefore an optimization tool for practices and procedures in medical X-ray imaging for the radiation protection of patients. Methods: A prospective study of volume CT dose index (CTDI<sub>vol</sub>) and dose length product (DLP) was performed on images of childhood’s head obtained from a CT-scanner of 64 bars equipped with the tube current modulation capability and manufactured by Hitachi Medical System. 122 CT-scan data from 55 childhood’s head were analyzed. The scan data were stratified in four age groups: Results: The 75th percentile of CTDI<sub>vol</sub> and DLP (set as LDRL) obtained with respect to the stratified age groups are: 22.5 mGy and 452.5 mGy∙cm, 27.7 mGy and 690.6 mGy∙cm, 28 mGy and 722.4 mGy∙cm, 33.6 mGy and 736.8 mGy∙cm respectively. These outcome values increase with respect to the age of pediatric patients and are comparable to DRLs values obtained internationally. Conclusions: Obtaining good image quality while using low dose in children’s head computed tomography for radiation protection require to setup more surveys in Côte d’Ivoire for regional and national DRL. We proposed through this survey LDRLs in terms of CTDI<sub>vol</sub> and DLP, comparable to international DRLs values. This survey will be strengthened by additional surveys in order to obtain national DRLs for the radiation protection of the child patient in Côte d’Ivoire.
文摘Objective:To survey and analyze the radiation doses of pediatric CT in some provinces(autonomous region)or municipalities in China,and compare them with the data released by the relevant domestic and international organizations,so as to identify the current status of Chinese pediatric CT radiation doses.Methods:Radiation doses of pediatric CT were collected during August and December 2016 from 40 hospitals(including 18 children’s hospitals)in 15 provinces,municipalities or autonomous regions across the China.The procedures of head CT,chest CT and abdomen CT were selected in these hospitals,and 10 patients in each group of 0-<1 y,1-<5 y,5-<10 y and 10-<15 y were collected at random for every procedure.Weighted CT dose index(CTDI_(w)),volumetric CT dose index(CTDI_(vol))and dose length product(DLP)were used as survey quantities.An independent sample Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was performed for CTDI and DLP for each procedure for different age groups,and pairwise comparisons were performed for intra-group data.The same statistical method was also conducted for CTDI and DLP of the same procedure and age group in different provinces or municipalities.Results:The 75th percentiles of the distribution of CTDI and DLP in different age groups of 0-<1 y,1-<5 y,5-<10 y and 10-<15 y were as follows:36.5,43.4,49.1,51.1 mGy and 488,635,723,852 mGy.cm for head,6.1,6.4,6.8,9.6 mGy and 108,136,187,293 mGy.cm for chest,10.5,10.3,11.4,13.0 mGy and 251,284,353,523 mGy.cm for abdomen.The 50th percentiles of the distribution of the radiation doses for the same procedure varied with the ages(head,CTDI_(w):H=155.66,DLP:H=212.35,P<0.05;chest,CTDI_(vol):H=85.43,DLP:H=197.36,P<0.05;abdomen:H=62.29,DLP:H=173.22,P<0.05)and with lower dose at lower age.Radiation doses were close for head between 5-<10 y and 10-<15 y groups,for chest between 1-<5 y and 5-<10 y groups and between 5-<10 y and 10-<15 y groups,and for abdomen between 0-<1 y and 1-<5 y groups,with no statistically significant difference(the adjusted P>0.05).The dose levels of different provinces or municipalities in the same procedure and age group were not consistent,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The data were different from the domestic and international values of DRL.The 75th percentiles of CTDI_(w) and DLP values of head CT were close to the data from Japan and UK(United Kingdom),higher than the data from Korea and EC(European Commission).The 75th percentiles of CTDI values of all age groups were lower than the values of Japan and UK,and larger than that of Korea and EC in chest CT and abdomen CT.Conclusions:The 75th percentile values of the distribution of the pediatric CT doses obtained from the survey were inconsistent with those released by the relevant national and international organizations.It is necessary to update the national DRLs for pediatric CT on the basis of the actual survey data.
