Aim was to gather relevant knowledge in evolution and development to find a rational explanation for the intricate and elaborate anatomy of the nose. According to classic embryology, the philtrum of the upper lip, nas...Aim was to gather relevant knowledge in evolution and development to find a rational explanation for the intricate and elaborate anatomy of the nose. According to classic embryology, the philtrum of the upper lip, nasal dorsum, septum and primary palate develop from the intermaxillary process, and the lateral walls of the nasal pyramid from the lateral nasal processes. The palatal shelves, which are outgrowths of the maxillary processes, form the secondary palate. The median nasal septum develops inferiorly from the roof of the nasal cavity. These valuable embryologic data do not explain the complex intricacy of the many anatomical structures comprising the nose. The evo-devo theory offers a rational explanation to this complex anatomy. Phylogenically, the nose develops as an olfactory organ in fish before becoming respiratory in tetrapods. During development, infolding of the olfactory placodes occurs, bringing the medial olfactory processes to form the septolateral cartilage while the lateral olfactory processes form the alar cartilages. The olfactory fascia units these cartilages to the olfactory mucosa, that stays separated from brain by the cartilaginous olfactory capsule(the ethmoid bone forerunner). Phylogenically, the respiratory nose develops between mouth and olfactory nose by rearrangement of the dermal bones of the secondary palate, which appears in early tetrapods. During development, the palatal shelves develop into the palatine processes of the maxillary bones, and with the vomer, palatine, pterygoid and inferior turbinate bones form the walls of the nasal cavity after regression of the transverse lamina. Applying the evolutionary developmental biology(evo-devo) discipline on our present knowledge of development, anatomy and physiology of the nose, significantly expands and places this knowledge in proper perspective. The clinicopathologies of nasal polyposis, for example, occurs specifically in the ethmoid labyrinth or, woodworker's adenocarcinomas, occurring only in the olfactory cleft can now be explained by employing the evo-devo approach. A full understanding of the evo-devo discipline, as it pertains to head and neck anatomy, has profound implications to the otolaryngologist empowering his skills and abilities, and ultimately translating in improving surgical outcomes and maximizing patient care.展开更多
The Earth has 71%of its surface covered by oceans and is home to an astonishing diversity of marine life.Unveiling the history of life requires examining the mysteries of marine organisms.Evolutionary developmental bi...The Earth has 71%of its surface covered by oceans and is home to an astonishing diversity of marine life.Unveiling the history of life requires examining the mysteries of marine organisms.Evolutionary developmental biology(evo-devo)is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field that aims to elucidate the origin of life and histological processes that drive diversification.However,the long-standing reliance on terrestrial model species used in comparative studies overlooks the insights offered by marine life.Expanding the use of emerging marine organisms to address this knowledge gap can revolutionize evo-devo.Lophotrochozoa,one of the three major groups of Bilateria,ranks among the most species-rich clades and encompasses mollusks,annelids,flatworms,and other invertebrates.Lophotrochozoans exhibit a remarkable variety of life cycles and body plans(Figure 1),yet they have remained relatively less explored.Shifting greater focus to marine lophotrochozoans offers an unprecedented opportunity to explore the evolutionary history of life.This commentary highlights recent breakthroughs and emerging frontiers in marine evo-devo research by focusing on lophotrochozoans and highlights multiple biological perspectives.展开更多
Rewiring and reprogramming of transcriptional regulation took place during bacterial speciation. The mechanistic alterations among tran- scription factors, cis-regulatory elements and target genes confer bacteria nove...Rewiring and reprogramming of transcriptional regulation took place during bacterial speciation. The mechanistic alterations among tran- scription factors, cis-regulatory elements and target genes confer bacteria novel ability to adapt to stochastic environmental changes. This process is critical to their survival, especially for bacterial pathogens subjected to accelerated evolution. In the past two decades, the investigators not only completed the sequences of numerous bacterial genomes, but also made great progress in understanding the molecular basis of evolution. Here we briefly reviewed the current knowledge on the mechanistic changes among orthologous, paralogous and xenogenic regulatory circuits, which were caused by genetic recombinations such as gene duplication, horizontal gene transfer, transposable elements and different genetic contexts. We also discussed the potential impact of this area on theoretical and applied studies of microbes.展开更多
The paper introduces the classical ABC model of floral development and thereafter ABCD, ABCDE and quartet models, and presents achievements in the studies on floral evolution such as the improved understanding on the ...The paper introduces the classical ABC model of floral development and thereafter ABCD, ABCDE and quartet models, and presents achievements in the studies on floral evolution such as the improved understanding on the relationship of reproductive organs between gnetophytes and angiosperms, new results in perianth evolution and identified homology of floral organs between dicots and monocots. The evo-devo studies on plant taxa at different evolutionary levels are useful to better understanding the homology of floral organs, and to clarifying the mysteries of the origin and sub-sequent diversification of flowers.展开更多
文摘Aim was to gather relevant knowledge in evolution and development to find a rational explanation for the intricate and elaborate anatomy of the nose. According to classic embryology, the philtrum of the upper lip, nasal dorsum, septum and primary palate develop from the intermaxillary process, and the lateral walls of the nasal pyramid from the lateral nasal processes. The palatal shelves, which are outgrowths of the maxillary processes, form the secondary palate. The median nasal septum develops inferiorly from the roof of the nasal cavity. These valuable embryologic data do not explain the complex intricacy of the many anatomical structures comprising the nose. The evo-devo theory offers a rational explanation to this complex anatomy. Phylogenically, the nose develops as an olfactory organ in fish before becoming respiratory in tetrapods. During development, infolding of the olfactory placodes occurs, bringing the medial olfactory processes to form the septolateral cartilage while the lateral olfactory processes form the alar cartilages. The olfactory fascia units these cartilages to the olfactory mucosa, that stays separated from brain by the cartilaginous olfactory capsule(the ethmoid bone forerunner). Phylogenically, the respiratory nose develops between mouth and olfactory nose by rearrangement of the dermal bones of the secondary palate, which appears in early tetrapods. During development, the palatal shelves develop into the palatine processes of the maxillary bones, and with the vomer, palatine, pterygoid and inferior turbinate bones form the walls of the nasal cavity after regression of the transverse lamina. Applying the evolutionary developmental biology(evo-devo) discipline on our present knowledge of development, anatomy and physiology of the nose, significantly expands and places this knowledge in proper perspective. The clinicopathologies of nasal polyposis, for example, occurs specifically in the ethmoid labyrinth or, woodworker's adenocarcinomas, occurring only in the olfactory cleft can now be explained by employing the evo-devo approach. A full understanding of the evo-devo discipline, as it pertains to head and neck anatomy, has profound implications to the otolaryngologist empowering his skills and abilities, and ultimately translating in improving surgical outcomes and maximizing patient care.
基金support by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2401400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32222085 and 32130107)the Taishan Scholar Project Fund of Shandong Province of China.
文摘The Earth has 71%of its surface covered by oceans and is home to an astonishing diversity of marine life.Unveiling the history of life requires examining the mysteries of marine organisms.Evolutionary developmental biology(evo-devo)is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field that aims to elucidate the origin of life and histological processes that drive diversification.However,the long-standing reliance on terrestrial model species used in comparative studies overlooks the insights offered by marine life.Expanding the use of emerging marine organisms to address this knowledge gap can revolutionize evo-devo.Lophotrochozoa,one of the three major groups of Bilateria,ranks among the most species-rich clades and encompasses mollusks,annelids,flatworms,and other invertebrates.Lophotrochozoans exhibit a remarkable variety of life cycles and body plans(Figure 1),yet they have remained relatively less explored.Shifting greater focus to marine lophotrochozoans offers an unprecedented opportunity to explore the evolutionary history of life.This commentary highlights recent breakthroughs and emerging frontiers in marine evo-devo research by focusing on lophotrochozoans and highlights multiple biological perspectives.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(No.2011CB 100700)of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30771401 and 31070081)the Startup Fund from the Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Rewiring and reprogramming of transcriptional regulation took place during bacterial speciation. The mechanistic alterations among tran- scription factors, cis-regulatory elements and target genes confer bacteria novel ability to adapt to stochastic environmental changes. This process is critical to their survival, especially for bacterial pathogens subjected to accelerated evolution. In the past two decades, the investigators not only completed the sequences of numerous bacterial genomes, but also made great progress in understanding the molecular basis of evolution. Here we briefly reviewed the current knowledge on the mechanistic changes among orthologous, paralogous and xenogenic regulatory circuits, which were caused by genetic recombinations such as gene duplication, horizontal gene transfer, transposable elements and different genetic contexts. We also discussed the potential impact of this area on theoretical and applied studies of microbes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30130030 and 30121003).
文摘The paper introduces the classical ABC model of floral development and thereafter ABCD, ABCDE and quartet models, and presents achievements in the studies on floral evolution such as the improved understanding on the relationship of reproductive organs between gnetophytes and angiosperms, new results in perianth evolution and identified homology of floral organs between dicots and monocots. The evo-devo studies on plant taxa at different evolutionary levels are useful to better understanding the homology of floral organs, and to clarifying the mysteries of the origin and sub-sequent diversification of flowers.
