The rapid advancement of organic semiconductors has fueled the remarkable growth of organic electronic devices,including organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs),organic field-effect transistors(OFETs),and organic photovo...The rapid advancement of organic semiconductors has fueled the remarkable growth of organic electronic devices,including organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs),organic field-effect transistors(OFETs),and organic photovoltaics(OPV).Looking ahead,the evolution of organic optoelectronic devices is moving toward cost-effective,highly integrated,and flexible solutions with multifunctional capabilities,further expanding the range of potential applications.展开更多
The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is a fundamental electrochemical process that occurs in various energy conversion and storage devices,including fuel cells and metal-air batteries[1].ORR can be classified as 2-electr...The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is a fundamental electrochemical process that occurs in various energy conversion and storage devices,including fuel cells and metal-air batteries[1].ORR can be classified as 2-electron(yielding H_(2)O_(2) or HO_(2)−)or 4-electron(yielding H_(2)O or OH−depending on the pH),with 4-electron ORR being more important for energy-storage and conversion.The ORR proceeds through a series of complex multistep reactions involving several oxygen intermediate species and multiple electron transfer processes.The complexity of the 4-electon ORR arises from the necessity to consider spin selection rules:the ground state of molecular oxygen is a triplet state(3 Rg−,with two unpaired electrons in p*orbitals with parallel spins),while the reaction products(e.g.,H_(2)O or OH−)all exist in a singlet state without unpaired electrons.This process,which involves a change in the spin state through spin-electron evolution,is spin-forbidden by traditional quantum mechanics,making it inherently slow and requiring the input of extra energy to drive a spin flip.展开更多
文摘The rapid advancement of organic semiconductors has fueled the remarkable growth of organic electronic devices,including organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs),organic field-effect transistors(OFETs),and organic photovoltaics(OPV).Looking ahead,the evolution of organic optoelectronic devices is moving toward cost-effective,highly integrated,and flexible solutions with multifunctional capabilities,further expanding the range of potential applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209186 and 22479149)the Selfdeployed Projects of Ganjiang Innovation Academy,Chinese Academy of Sciences(E355F006)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(310306484080)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province(20223BBG74004 and 20232BBG70003)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2023343)funding support from the Mac Diarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology。
文摘The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is a fundamental electrochemical process that occurs in various energy conversion and storage devices,including fuel cells and metal-air batteries[1].ORR can be classified as 2-electron(yielding H_(2)O_(2) or HO_(2)−)or 4-electron(yielding H_(2)O or OH−depending on the pH),with 4-electron ORR being more important for energy-storage and conversion.The ORR proceeds through a series of complex multistep reactions involving several oxygen intermediate species and multiple electron transfer processes.The complexity of the 4-electon ORR arises from the necessity to consider spin selection rules:the ground state of molecular oxygen is a triplet state(3 Rg−,with two unpaired electrons in p*orbitals with parallel spins),while the reaction products(e.g.,H_(2)O or OH−)all exist in a singlet state without unpaired electrons.This process,which involves a change in the spin state through spin-electron evolution,is spin-forbidden by traditional quantum mechanics,making it inherently slow and requiring the input of extra energy to drive a spin flip.
