Memristors have emerged as a transformative technology in the realm of electronic devices,offering unique advantages such as fast switching speeds,low power consumption,and the ability to sensor-memory-compute.The app...Memristors have emerged as a transformative technology in the realm of electronic devices,offering unique advantages such as fast switching speeds,low power consumption,and the ability to sensor-memory-compute.The applications span across non-volatile memory,neuromorphic computing,hardware security,and beyond,prompting memristors to become a versatile solution for next-generation computing and data storage systems.Despite enormous potential of memristors,the transition from laboratory prototypes to large-scale applications is challenging in terms of material stability,device reproducibility,and array scalability.This review systematically explores recent advancements in high-performance memristor technologies,focusing on performance enhancement strategies through material engineering,structural design,pulse protocol optimization,and algorithm control.We provide an in-depth analysis of key performance metrics tailored to specific applications,including non-volatile memory,neuromorphic computing,and hardware security.Furthermore,we propose a co-design framework that integrates device-level optimizations with operational-level improvements,aiming to bridge the gap between theoretical models and practical implementations.展开更多
Photo-assisted flexible energy storage devices,combining photoelectric conversion and electrochemical energy storage,emerge as an innovative solution for sustainable energy systems.This review comprehensively summariz...Photo-assisted flexible energy storage devices,combining photoelectric conversion and electrochemical energy storage,emerge as an innovative solution for sustainable energy systems.This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in photo-assisted flexible energy storage technology,covering material design,working mechanisms,and practical applications.We systematically examine diverse electrode materials,such as metal oxides,metal sulfides,organic photosensitive materials,and composites,emphasizing their roles in boosting device performance.Special focus is placed on emerging technologies—including heterostructure engineering,surface modification,and intelligent control systems—that have notably enhanced energy conversion efficiency and storage capacity.The review also discusses current challenges,such as material stability,conversion efficiency,and standardization,and proposes strategic directions for future development.Recent breakthroughs in photo-assisted supercapacitors,lithium-based batteries,zinc-based batteries,and other innovative storage systems are critically assessed,offering key insights into their practical application potential in wearable electronics,self-powered sensors,and beyond.This comprehensive analysis establishes a framework for understanding the current status of photo-assisted flexible energy storage technology and guides future research toward high-performance,sustainable energy storage solutions.展开更多
Wearable ultrasound devices represent a transformative advancement in therapeutic applications,offering noninvasive,continuous,and targeted treatment for deep tissues.These systems leverage flexible materials(e.g.,pie...Wearable ultrasound devices represent a transformative advancement in therapeutic applications,offering noninvasive,continuous,and targeted treatment for deep tissues.These systems leverage flexible materials(e.g.,piezoelectric composites,biodegradable polymers)and conformable designs to enable stable integration with dynamic anatomical surfaces.Key innovations include ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery through cavitation-mediated transdermal penetration,accelerated tissue regeneration via mechanical and electrical stimulation,and precise neuromodulation using focused acoustic waves.Recent developments demonstrate wireless operation,real-time monitoring,and closed-loop therapy,facilitated by energy-efficient transducers and AI-driven adaptive control.Despite progress,challenges persist in material durability,clinical validation,and scalable manufacturing.Future directions highlight the integration of nanomaterials,3D-printed architectures,and multimodal sensing for personalized medicine.This technology holds significant potential to redefine chronic disease management,postoperative recovery,and neurorehabilitation,bridging the gap between clinical and home-based care.展开更多
Point-of-care testing(POCT)refers to a category of diagnostic tests that are performed at or near to the site of the patients(also called bedside testing)and is capable of obtaining accurate results in a short time by...Point-of-care testing(POCT)refers to a category of diagnostic tests that are performed at or near to the site of the patients(also called bedside testing)and is capable of obtaining accurate results in a short time by using portable diagnostic devices,avoiding sending samples to the medical laboratories.It has been extensively explored for diagnosing and monitoring patients’diseases and health conditions with the assistance of development in biochemistry and microfluidics.Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices(μPADs)have gained dramatic popularity in POCT because of their simplicity,user-friendly,fast and accurate result reading and low cost.SeveralμPADs have been successfully commercialized and received excellent feedback during the past several decades.This review briefly discusses the main types ofμPADs,preparation methods and their detection principles,followed by a few representative examples.The future perspectives of the development inμPADs are also provided.展开更多
In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence has driven the widespread deployment of visual systems in complex environments such as autonomous driving,security surveillance,and medical diagnosis.Ho...In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence has driven the widespread deployment of visual systems in complex environments such as autonomous driving,security surveillance,and medical diagnosis.However,existing image sensors—such as CMOS and CCD devices—intrinsically suffer from the limitation of fixed spectral response.Especially in environments with strong glare,haze,or dust,external spectral conditions often severely mismatch the device's design range,leading to significant degradation in image quality and a sharp drop in target recognition accuracy.While algorithmic post-processing(such as color bias correction or background suppression)can mitigate these issues,algorithm approaches typically introduce computational latency and increased energy consumption,making them unsuitable for edge computing or high-speed scenarios.展开更多
The rapid advancement of modern electronics has led to a surge in solid electronic waste,which poses significant environmental and health challenges.This review focuses on recent developments in paper-based electronic...The rapid advancement of modern electronics has led to a surge in solid electronic waste,which poses significant environmental and health challenges.This review focuses on recent developments in paper-based electronic devices fabricated through low-cost,hand-printing techniques,with particular emphasis on their applications in energy harvesting,storage,and sensing.Unlike conventional plastic-based substrates,cellulose paper offers several advantages,including biodegradability,recyclability,and low fabrication cost.By integrating functional nanomaterials such as two-dimensional chalcogenides,metal oxides,conductive polymers,and carbon-based structures onto paper,researchers have achieved high-performance devices such as broadband photodetectors(responsivity up to 52 mA/W),supercapacitors(energy density~15.1 mWh/cm^(2)),and pressure sensors(sensitivity~18.42 kPa^(-1)).The hand-printing approach,which eliminates the need for sophisticated equipment and toxic solvents,offers a promising route for scalable,sustainable,and disposable electronics.This review outlines fabrication methods and key performance metrics,and discusses the current challenges and future directions for realizing robust,flexible devices aligned with green technology and the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals.展开更多
We are delighted to introduce this Special Issue of Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)dedicated to"Thermoelectric Materials and Devices."Thermoelectric materials and devices have emerged as a promisin...We are delighted to introduce this Special Issue of Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)dedicated to"Thermoelectric Materials and Devices."Thermoelectric materials and devices have emerged as a promising technology for sustainable energy solutions,enabling efficient conversion between heat and electricity.This special collection highlights the latest advancements in the field,showcasing cutting-edge research and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers worldwide.展开更多
Zinc oxide(ZnO),as a broadband gap semiconductor material,exhibits unique physical and chemical properties that make it highly suitable for optoelectronics,piezoelectric devices,and gas-sensitive sensors,showing signi...Zinc oxide(ZnO),as a broadband gap semiconductor material,exhibits unique physical and chemical properties that make it highly suitable for optoelectronics,piezoelectric devices,and gas-sensitive sensors,showing significant potential for various applications.This paper focuses on the regulation and application of ZnO-based p-n junctions and piezoelectric devices.It discusses in detail the preparation of ZnO materials,the construction of p-n junctions,the optimization of piezoelectric device performance,and its application in various fields.By employing different preparation methods and strategies,high-quality ZnO thin films can be grown,and effective control of p-type conductivity achieved.This study provides both a theoretical foundation and technical support for controlling the performance of ZnO-based piezoelectric devices,as well as paving new pathways for the broader application of ZnO materials.展开更多
Camera technology advancement and deployment continue to play a vital role in modern life and production,amongst other capabilities,generating relevant visual information.The challenge of optimizing the use and deploy...Camera technology advancement and deployment continue to play a vital role in modern life and production,amongst other capabilities,generating relevant visual information.The challenge of optimizing the use and deployment of camera networks in various applications(e.g.,surveillance,traffic monitoring,and public safety to name but just a few)has attracted considerable attention from both academia and industries.Camera planning is the first step in addressing this challenge.The surveillance objectives and scenes of a camera network dictate the modelling and optimization algorithms for camera planning.However,existing reviews have primarily focused on models or optimization algorithms,with insufficient attention given to surveillance scenes.This review aims to bridge this gap by 1)Classifying surveillance scenes into the urban environment and rural outdoor environment and comparing the surveillance requirements and challenges;2)Summarizing the details of camera coverage optimization in the relevant literature from the perspective of deployment scenes;and 3)Proposing a new surveillance scene-Solar Insecticidal Lamps with the Internet of Things—as a case study to analyze the surveillance requirement and challenges in agricultural outdoor environment.Finally,we state the technical outlook on the physical safety of outdoor electronic devices in agriculture settings and provide insights to draw more attention and effort into this area.展开更多
Cyclopentadithiophene(CPDT)-based polymers have emerged as promising research platforms for multi⁃color electrochromic materials due to their favorable color tunability.However,insufficient cyclic stability has hinder...Cyclopentadithiophene(CPDT)-based polymers have emerged as promising research platforms for multi⁃color electrochromic materials due to their favorable color tunability.However,insufficient cyclic stability has hindered their translation into practical applications.In this study,two CPDT-based conjugated polymers with distinct substituent groups were designed and synthesized:PCPDT-Ph(copolymerized with unsubstituted benzene units)and PCPDT-PhOMe(copolymerized with dimethoxy-substituted benzene units).The influence of dimethoxy substitution on the electrochromic properties and stability of the polymers was systematically investigated.Electro⁃chemical and electrochromic characterizations demonstrated that the electron-donating ability of the dimethoxy groups not only effectively regulated the polymer’s intrinsic properties but also significantly enhanced its cycling stability.Compared with PCPDT-Ph,PCPDT-PhOMe exhibited a reduced onset oxidation potential from 0.66 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)to 0.46 V,an upshifted highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)energy level,and a narrowed optical band gap(calculated theoretically)from 1.73 eV to 1.61 eV.The PCPDT-PhOMe film showed magenta in the neutral state and transparency in the oxidized state,with a color difference(ΔE*a b)of 46.36.The coloring/bleaching response times were measured as 0.7/0.6 s,and the optical contrast retention reached 84%after 1000 cycles,outperforming the PCPDT-Ph film(79.5%retention after 500 cycles).Additionally,it exhibited a coloration efficiency of 543.9 cm^(2)/C,demonstrating favorable comprehensive electrochromic performance.Electrochromic devices assembled with PCPDT-PhOMe achieved reversible switching between magenta and transparent states,with a response time of≤1.0 s and a contrast retention of 71%after 30000 cycles,indicating good stability.This work clarifies the role of substituent electronic effects in regulating the electrochromic properties of CPDT-based polymers,providing experimental basis and theoretical support for the molecular design of solution-processable thiophene-based electrochromic materials.Furthermore,it validates the potential application of PCPDT-PhOMe in smart windows,electronic displays,and other related fields.展开更多
This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the operational principles of current therapeutic devices for diabetic foot management and further analyzes technological innovations and developmental trends,aiming to pr...This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the operational principles of current therapeutic devices for diabetic foot management and further analyzes technological innovations and developmental trends,aiming to promote research and development in the field of technological convergence.The ultimate goal is to enhance the cure rate for diabetic foot conditions and to decrease the incidence of amputations.The paper discusses the novel applications of ultrasound and optical therapeutic devices within the field of physiotherapy,the numerous advantages of chitosan dressings in biotechnology,the ongoing advancements and broader combined use of vacuum sealing drainage techniques,and the distinctive effects and innovations associated with micro-oxygen diffusion techniques.It thoroughly examines various technological mechanisms that facilitate wound healing,highlighting the clinical applications of ultrasonic atomized medicinal solutions,novel dressing graft copolymerization,continuous hypoxia diffusion,and the functions of vacuum drainage.These advancements facilitate the integration of drainage and dressing changes,with the potential to enhance the therapeutic effects of diabetic foot treatment and provide valuable insights for clinical application.展开更多
Neuromorphic devices,inspired by the intricate architecture of the human brain,have garnered recognition for their prodigious computational speed and sophisticated parallel computing capabilities.Vision,the primary mo...Neuromorphic devices,inspired by the intricate architecture of the human brain,have garnered recognition for their prodigious computational speed and sophisticated parallel computing capabilities.Vision,the primary mode of external information acquisition in living organisms,has garnered substantial scholarly interest.Notwithstanding numerous studies simulating the retina through optical synapses,their applications remain circumscribed to single-mode perception.Moreover,the pivotal role of temperature,a fundamental regulator of biological activities,has regrettably been relegated to the periphery.To address these limitations,we proffer a neuromorphic device endowed with multimodal perception,grounded in the principles of light-modulated semiconductors.This device seamlessly accomplishes dynamic hybrid visual and thermal multimodal perception,featuring temperature-dependent paired pulse facilitation properties and adaptive storage.Crucially,our meticulous examination of transfer curves,capacitance–voltage(C–V)tests,and noise measurements provides insights into interface and bulk defects,elucidating the physical mechanisms underlying adaptive storage and other functionalities.Additionally,the device demonstrates a variety of synaptic functionalities,including filtering properties,Ebbinghaus curves,and memory applications in image recognition.Surprisingly,the digital recognition rate achieves a remarkable value of 98.8%.展开更多
Initiating explosive devices(IEDs)are crucial in both military and civilian applications for improving the accuracy of controlled detonations.However,the safety of semiconductor bridge(SCB)wire IEDs,which are the most...Initiating explosive devices(IEDs)are crucial in both military and civilian applications for improving the accuracy of controlled detonations.However,the safety of semiconductor bridge(SCB)wire IEDs,which are the most widely used,is increasingly threatened by complex electromagnetic environments.Although protective devices such as thermistors and zener diodes are commonly employed to enhance safety,traditional discrete components can compromise compactness and provide only marginal improvements.The metal-insulator transition properties of vanadium dioxide(VO_(2))present an innovative approach to enhancing the safety performance of IEDs.Nevertheless,the functional relevance of the VO_(2) phase transition in relation to IEDs has garnered limited scientific attention.The VO_(2) film fabricated via 3D printing demonstrated resistivity modulation ranging from 2 to 5 orders of magnitude,achieving a stable metallic-state resistance of 1.2Ω.The results show that this process increases the 5-min safe current threshold by 90%,from 1 A to 1.9 A,and reduces the temperature generated by the current by approximately 40%when below the safe current threshold.Integrating VO_(2) film into IEDs via semiconductor processes significantly enhances safety performance while maintaining detonation capability,demonstrating its effectiveness as a safety modulator in pyrotechnic engineering.展开更多
Flexible electrochromic devices(FECDs)demonstrate significant potential for applications in wearable elec-tronics,military camouflage,and flexible smart displays.As a crucial electrochromic material,poly(3,4-ethylened...Flexible electrochromic devices(FECDs)demonstrate significant potential for applications in wearable elec-tronics,military camouflage,and flexible smart displays.As a crucial electrochromic material,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)is widely used in FECDs due to its excellent mechanical flexibility,tunable conductivity,and non-toxicity.However,the manufacturing process for patterned PEDOT:PSS electrochromic devices remains intricate,costly,and challenging to personalize.To address this challenge,we have developed a 3D-printable ink with controllable rheological properties through a concentration-tuning strategy,enabling programmable,patterned printing of PEDOT-based conductive polymer electrochromic layers.The 3D-printed FECDs exhibit outstanding electrochromic performance,including a high optical contrast(up to 47.9%at 635 nm),fast response times(t_(c)=1.6 s;t_(b)=0.6 s),high coloration efficiency(352 cm^(2) C^(-1)),and good cycling stability(with only a 9.3%decrease in optical contrast after 100 electrochemical cycles).Finally,we utilize 3D printing technology to construct flexible,patterned PEDOT:PSS electrochromic devices with bespoke butterfly designs.This work establishes the theoretical foundation for the application of 3D printing technology in PEDOT:PSS flexible electrochromic devices.展开更多
Fiber-shaped energy storage devices(FSESDs)with exceptional flexibility for wearable power sources should be applied with solid electrolytes over liquid electrolytes due to short circuits and leakage issue during defo...Fiber-shaped energy storage devices(FSESDs)with exceptional flexibility for wearable power sources should be applied with solid electrolytes over liquid electrolytes due to short circuits and leakage issue during deformation.Among the solid options,polymer electrolytes are particularly preferred due to their robustness and flexibility,although their low ionic conductivity remains a significant challenge.Here,we present a redox polymer electrolyte(HT_RPE)with 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(HT)as a multi-functional additive.HT acts as a plasticizer that transforms the glassy state into the rubbery state for improved chain mobility and provides distinctive ion conduction pathway by the self-exchange reaction between radical and oxidized species.These synergetic effects lead to high ionic conductivity(73.5 mS cm−1)based on a lower activation energy of 0.13 eV than other redox additives.Moreover,HT_RPE with a pseudocapacitive characteristic by HT enables an outstanding electrochemical performance of the symmetric FSESDs using carbon-based fiber electrodes(energy density of 25.4 W h kg^(−1) at a power density of 25,000 W kg^(−1))without typical active materials,along with excellent stability(capacitance retention of 91.2%after 8,000 bending cycles).This work highlights a versatile HT_RPE that utilizes the unique functionality of HT for both the high ionic conductivity and improved energy storage capability,providing a promising pathway for next-generation flexible energy storage devices.展开更多
While biventricular assist devices(BiVADs)remain underutilized in Western countries for biventricular heart failure(BHF),their application is expanding in China.This consensus synthesizes international guidelines,medi...While biventricular assist devices(BiVADs)remain underutilized in Western countries for biventricular heart failure(BHF),their application is expanding in China.This consensus synthesizes international guidelines,medical evidence,and Chinese clinical expertise to establish standardized protocols for BiVAD management.Key recommendations include:(1)Preoperative right heart catheterization and echocardiography for central venous pressure(CVP):pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP)ratio and pulmonary artery pulsatility index(PAPi)assessment(Class I);(2)BiVAD indication in refractory BHF or high-risk right heart failure post-left ventricular assist device(LVAD)implantation(Class IIa);(3)Right atrial implantation as the preferred surgical approach(Class IIa);(4)Warfarin-based anticoagulation(INR 2.0–2.5)with aspirin,avoiding direct oral anticoagulants(DOACs)(Class III).The guidance addresses critical gaps in patient selection,pump speed titration,and complication management,positioning integrated BiVAD systems as a promising solution for complex BHF.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Project from the Minister of Science and Technology(2024YFA1211500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62304130,62405158 and 62574123)+1 种基金the Shanghai youth science and technology star project(24QA2702800)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chips and Systems for Intelligent Connected Vehicle。
文摘Memristors have emerged as a transformative technology in the realm of electronic devices,offering unique advantages such as fast switching speeds,low power consumption,and the ability to sensor-memory-compute.The applications span across non-volatile memory,neuromorphic computing,hardware security,and beyond,prompting memristors to become a versatile solution for next-generation computing and data storage systems.Despite enormous potential of memristors,the transition from laboratory prototypes to large-scale applications is challenging in terms of material stability,device reproducibility,and array scalability.This review systematically explores recent advancements in high-performance memristor technologies,focusing on performance enhancement strategies through material engineering,structural design,pulse protocol optimization,and algorithm control.We provide an in-depth analysis of key performance metrics tailored to specific applications,including non-volatile memory,neuromorphic computing,and hardware security.Furthermore,we propose a co-design framework that integrates device-level optimizations with operational-level improvements,aiming to bridge the gap between theoretical models and practical implementations.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3807105)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52090033)+3 种基金State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials(KF222318)Jiangsu Province Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project(BY2022799)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX243534KYCX243521)。
文摘Photo-assisted flexible energy storage devices,combining photoelectric conversion and electrochemical energy storage,emerge as an innovative solution for sustainable energy systems.This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in photo-assisted flexible energy storage technology,covering material design,working mechanisms,and practical applications.We systematically examine diverse electrode materials,such as metal oxides,metal sulfides,organic photosensitive materials,and composites,emphasizing their roles in boosting device performance.Special focus is placed on emerging technologies—including heterostructure engineering,surface modification,and intelligent control systems—that have notably enhanced energy conversion efficiency and storage capacity.The review also discusses current challenges,such as material stability,conversion efficiency,and standardization,and proposes strategic directions for future development.Recent breakthroughs in photo-assisted supercapacitors,lithium-based batteries,zinc-based batteries,and other innovative storage systems are critically assessed,offering key insights into their practical application potential in wearable electronics,self-powered sensors,and beyond.This comprehensive analysis establishes a framework for understanding the current status of photo-assisted flexible energy storage technology and guides future research toward high-performance,sustainable energy storage solutions.
基金the support from the start-up of the University of Missouri-Columbia。
文摘Wearable ultrasound devices represent a transformative advancement in therapeutic applications,offering noninvasive,continuous,and targeted treatment for deep tissues.These systems leverage flexible materials(e.g.,piezoelectric composites,biodegradable polymers)and conformable designs to enable stable integration with dynamic anatomical surfaces.Key innovations include ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery through cavitation-mediated transdermal penetration,accelerated tissue regeneration via mechanical and electrical stimulation,and precise neuromodulation using focused acoustic waves.Recent developments demonstrate wireless operation,real-time monitoring,and closed-loop therapy,facilitated by energy-efficient transducers and AI-driven adaptive control.Despite progress,challenges persist in material durability,clinical validation,and scalable manufacturing.Future directions highlight the integration of nanomaterials,3D-printed architectures,and multimodal sensing for personalized medicine.This technology holds significant potential to redefine chronic disease management,postoperative recovery,and neurorehabilitation,bridging the gap between clinical and home-based care.
文摘Point-of-care testing(POCT)refers to a category of diagnostic tests that are performed at or near to the site of the patients(also called bedside testing)and is capable of obtaining accurate results in a short time by using portable diagnostic devices,avoiding sending samples to the medical laboratories.It has been extensively explored for diagnosing and monitoring patients’diseases and health conditions with the assistance of development in biochemistry and microfluidics.Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices(μPADs)have gained dramatic popularity in POCT because of their simplicity,user-friendly,fast and accurate result reading and low cost.SeveralμPADs have been successfully commercialized and received excellent feedback during the past several decades.This review briefly discusses the main types ofμPADs,preparation methods and their detection principles,followed by a few representative examples.The future perspectives of the development inμPADs are also provided.
基金supported in part by STI 2030-Major Projects(2022ZD0209200)in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62374099)+2 种基金in part by Beijing Natural Science Foundation−Xiaomi Innovation Joint Fund(L233009)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L248104)in part by Independent Research Program of School of Integrated Circuits,Tsinghua University,in part by Tsinghua University Fuzhou Data Technology Joint Research Institute.
文摘In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence has driven the widespread deployment of visual systems in complex environments such as autonomous driving,security surveillance,and medical diagnosis.However,existing image sensors—such as CMOS and CCD devices—intrinsically suffer from the limitation of fixed spectral response.Especially in environments with strong glare,haze,or dust,external spectral conditions often severely mismatch the device's design range,leading to significant degradation in image quality and a sharp drop in target recognition accuracy.While algorithmic post-processing(such as color bias correction or background suppression)can mitigate these issues,algorithm approaches typically introduce computational latency and increased energy consumption,making them unsuitable for edge computing or high-speed scenarios.
基金The Consortium for Scientific Research,Indore(CSR,Indore)(No.CRS/2021-22/01/426)is acknowledged by the authorsFor the research facilities,the authors are grateful to CHARUSAT University.
文摘The rapid advancement of modern electronics has led to a surge in solid electronic waste,which poses significant environmental and health challenges.This review focuses on recent developments in paper-based electronic devices fabricated through low-cost,hand-printing techniques,with particular emphasis on their applications in energy harvesting,storage,and sensing.Unlike conventional plastic-based substrates,cellulose paper offers several advantages,including biodegradability,recyclability,and low fabrication cost.By integrating functional nanomaterials such as two-dimensional chalcogenides,metal oxides,conductive polymers,and carbon-based structures onto paper,researchers have achieved high-performance devices such as broadband photodetectors(responsivity up to 52 mA/W),supercapacitors(energy density~15.1 mWh/cm^(2)),and pressure sensors(sensitivity~18.42 kPa^(-1)).The hand-printing approach,which eliminates the need for sophisticated equipment and toxic solvents,offers a promising route for scalable,sustainable,and disposable electronics.This review outlines fabrication methods and key performance metrics,and discusses the current challenges and future directions for realizing robust,flexible devices aligned with green technology and the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals.
文摘We are delighted to introduce this Special Issue of Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)dedicated to"Thermoelectric Materials and Devices."Thermoelectric materials and devices have emerged as a promising technology for sustainable energy solutions,enabling efficient conversion between heat and electricity.This special collection highlights the latest advancements in the field,showcasing cutting-edge research and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers worldwide.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Project No.2023A1515012352)。
文摘Zinc oxide(ZnO),as a broadband gap semiconductor material,exhibits unique physical and chemical properties that make it highly suitable for optoelectronics,piezoelectric devices,and gas-sensitive sensors,showing significant potential for various applications.This paper focuses on the regulation and application of ZnO-based p-n junctions and piezoelectric devices.It discusses in detail the preparation of ZnO materials,the construction of p-n junctions,the optimization of piezoelectric device performance,and its application in various fields.By employing different preparation methods and strategies,high-quality ZnO thin films can be grown,and effective control of p-type conductivity achieved.This study provides both a theoretical foundation and technical support for controlling the performance of ZnO-based piezoelectric devices,as well as paving new pathways for the broader application of ZnO materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62072248).
文摘Camera technology advancement and deployment continue to play a vital role in modern life and production,amongst other capabilities,generating relevant visual information.The challenge of optimizing the use and deployment of camera networks in various applications(e.g.,surveillance,traffic monitoring,and public safety to name but just a few)has attracted considerable attention from both academia and industries.Camera planning is the first step in addressing this challenge.The surveillance objectives and scenes of a camera network dictate the modelling and optimization algorithms for camera planning.However,existing reviews have primarily focused on models or optimization algorithms,with insufficient attention given to surveillance scenes.This review aims to bridge this gap by 1)Classifying surveillance scenes into the urban environment and rural outdoor environment and comparing the surveillance requirements and challenges;2)Summarizing the details of camera coverage optimization in the relevant literature from the perspective of deployment scenes;and 3)Proposing a new surveillance scene-Solar Insecticidal Lamps with the Internet of Things—as a case study to analyze the surveillance requirement and challenges in agricultural outdoor environment.Finally,we state the technical outlook on the physical safety of outdoor electronic devices in agriculture settings and provide insights to draw more attention and effort into this area.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52103232)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Nos.LY24E030012,LY19E030006)。
文摘Cyclopentadithiophene(CPDT)-based polymers have emerged as promising research platforms for multi⁃color electrochromic materials due to their favorable color tunability.However,insufficient cyclic stability has hindered their translation into practical applications.In this study,two CPDT-based conjugated polymers with distinct substituent groups were designed and synthesized:PCPDT-Ph(copolymerized with unsubstituted benzene units)and PCPDT-PhOMe(copolymerized with dimethoxy-substituted benzene units).The influence of dimethoxy substitution on the electrochromic properties and stability of the polymers was systematically investigated.Electro⁃chemical and electrochromic characterizations demonstrated that the electron-donating ability of the dimethoxy groups not only effectively regulated the polymer’s intrinsic properties but also significantly enhanced its cycling stability.Compared with PCPDT-Ph,PCPDT-PhOMe exhibited a reduced onset oxidation potential from 0.66 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)to 0.46 V,an upshifted highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)energy level,and a narrowed optical band gap(calculated theoretically)from 1.73 eV to 1.61 eV.The PCPDT-PhOMe film showed magenta in the neutral state and transparency in the oxidized state,with a color difference(ΔE*a b)of 46.36.The coloring/bleaching response times were measured as 0.7/0.6 s,and the optical contrast retention reached 84%after 1000 cycles,outperforming the PCPDT-Ph film(79.5%retention after 500 cycles).Additionally,it exhibited a coloration efficiency of 543.9 cm^(2)/C,demonstrating favorable comprehensive electrochromic performance.Electrochromic devices assembled with PCPDT-PhOMe achieved reversible switching between magenta and transparent states,with a response time of≤1.0 s and a contrast retention of 71%after 30000 cycles,indicating good stability.This work clarifies the role of substituent electronic effects in regulating the electrochromic properties of CPDT-based polymers,providing experimental basis and theoretical support for the molecular design of solution-processable thiophene-based electrochromic materials.Furthermore,it validates the potential application of PCPDT-PhOMe in smart windows,electronic displays,and other related fields.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202410599085).
文摘This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the operational principles of current therapeutic devices for diabetic foot management and further analyzes technological innovations and developmental trends,aiming to promote research and development in the field of technological convergence.The ultimate goal is to enhance the cure rate for diabetic foot conditions and to decrease the incidence of amputations.The paper discusses the novel applications of ultrasound and optical therapeutic devices within the field of physiotherapy,the numerous advantages of chitosan dressings in biotechnology,the ongoing advancements and broader combined use of vacuum sealing drainage techniques,and the distinctive effects and innovations associated with micro-oxygen diffusion techniques.It thoroughly examines various technological mechanisms that facilitate wound healing,highlighting the clinical applications of ultrasonic atomized medicinal solutions,novel dressing graft copolymerization,continuous hypoxia diffusion,and the functions of vacuum drainage.These advancements facilitate the integration of drainage and dressing changes,with the potential to enhance the therapeutic effects of diabetic foot treatment and provide valuable insights for clinical application.
基金the financial support given by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52227808,62202285)the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(51725505)+1 种基金the Development Fund for Shanghai Talents(No.2021003)Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Perception Chip Technology。
文摘Neuromorphic devices,inspired by the intricate architecture of the human brain,have garnered recognition for their prodigious computational speed and sophisticated parallel computing capabilities.Vision,the primary mode of external information acquisition in living organisms,has garnered substantial scholarly interest.Notwithstanding numerous studies simulating the retina through optical synapses,their applications remain circumscribed to single-mode perception.Moreover,the pivotal role of temperature,a fundamental regulator of biological activities,has regrettably been relegated to the periphery.To address these limitations,we proffer a neuromorphic device endowed with multimodal perception,grounded in the principles of light-modulated semiconductors.This device seamlessly accomplishes dynamic hybrid visual and thermal multimodal perception,featuring temperature-dependent paired pulse facilitation properties and adaptive storage.Crucially,our meticulous examination of transfer curves,capacitance–voltage(C–V)tests,and noise measurements provides insights into interface and bulk defects,elucidating the physical mechanisms underlying adaptive storage and other functionalities.Additionally,the device demonstrates a variety of synaptic functionalities,including filtering properties,Ebbinghaus curves,and memory applications in image recognition.Surprisingly,the digital recognition rate achieves a remarkable value of 98.8%.
文摘Initiating explosive devices(IEDs)are crucial in both military and civilian applications for improving the accuracy of controlled detonations.However,the safety of semiconductor bridge(SCB)wire IEDs,which are the most widely used,is increasingly threatened by complex electromagnetic environments.Although protective devices such as thermistors and zener diodes are commonly employed to enhance safety,traditional discrete components can compromise compactness and provide only marginal improvements.The metal-insulator transition properties of vanadium dioxide(VO_(2))present an innovative approach to enhancing the safety performance of IEDs.Nevertheless,the functional relevance of the VO_(2) phase transition in relation to IEDs has garnered limited scientific attention.The VO_(2) film fabricated via 3D printing demonstrated resistivity modulation ranging from 2 to 5 orders of magnitude,achieving a stable metallic-state resistance of 1.2Ω.The results show that this process increases the 5-min safe current threshold by 90%,from 1 A to 1.9 A,and reduces the temperature generated by the current by approximately 40%when below the safe current threshold.Integrating VO_(2) film into IEDs via semiconductor processes significantly enhances safety performance while maintaining detonation capability,demonstrating its effectiveness as a safety modulator in pyrotechnic engineering.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20232ACB204002&20232BAB202044)Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(20212BCD42004&20242BCC32010).
文摘Flexible electrochromic devices(FECDs)demonstrate significant potential for applications in wearable elec-tronics,military camouflage,and flexible smart displays.As a crucial electrochromic material,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)is widely used in FECDs due to its excellent mechanical flexibility,tunable conductivity,and non-toxicity.However,the manufacturing process for patterned PEDOT:PSS electrochromic devices remains intricate,costly,and challenging to personalize.To address this challenge,we have developed a 3D-printable ink with controllable rheological properties through a concentration-tuning strategy,enabling programmable,patterned printing of PEDOT-based conductive polymer electrochromic layers.The 3D-printed FECDs exhibit outstanding electrochromic performance,including a high optical contrast(up to 47.9%at 635 nm),fast response times(t_(c)=1.6 s;t_(b)=0.6 s),high coloration efficiency(352 cm^(2) C^(-1)),and good cycling stability(with only a 9.3%decrease in optical contrast after 100 electrochemical cycles).Finally,we utilize 3D printing technology to construct flexible,patterned PEDOT:PSS electrochromic devices with bespoke butterfly designs.This work establishes the theoretical foundation for the application of 3D printing technology in PEDOT:PSS flexible electrochromic devices.
基金supported by Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Institutional Program and Open Research Program(ORP)This work was also supported by grant from the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea government(RS-2024-00433159 and RS-2023-00208313)from ITECH R&D program of MOTIE/KEIT(RS-2023-00257573).
文摘Fiber-shaped energy storage devices(FSESDs)with exceptional flexibility for wearable power sources should be applied with solid electrolytes over liquid electrolytes due to short circuits and leakage issue during deformation.Among the solid options,polymer electrolytes are particularly preferred due to their robustness and flexibility,although their low ionic conductivity remains a significant challenge.Here,we present a redox polymer electrolyte(HT_RPE)with 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(HT)as a multi-functional additive.HT acts as a plasticizer that transforms the glassy state into the rubbery state for improved chain mobility and provides distinctive ion conduction pathway by the self-exchange reaction between radical and oxidized species.These synergetic effects lead to high ionic conductivity(73.5 mS cm−1)based on a lower activation energy of 0.13 eV than other redox additives.Moreover,HT_RPE with a pseudocapacitive characteristic by HT enables an outstanding electrochemical performance of the symmetric FSESDs using carbon-based fiber electrodes(energy density of 25.4 W h kg^(−1) at a power density of 25,000 W kg^(−1))without typical active materials,along with excellent stability(capacitance retention of 91.2%after 8,000 bending cycles).This work highlights a versatile HT_RPE that utilizes the unique functionality of HT for both the high ionic conductivity and improved energy storage capability,providing a promising pathway for next-generation flexible energy storage devices.
文摘While biventricular assist devices(BiVADs)remain underutilized in Western countries for biventricular heart failure(BHF),their application is expanding in China.This consensus synthesizes international guidelines,medical evidence,and Chinese clinical expertise to establish standardized protocols for BiVAD management.Key recommendations include:(1)Preoperative right heart catheterization and echocardiography for central venous pressure(CVP):pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP)ratio and pulmonary artery pulsatility index(PAPi)assessment(Class I);(2)BiVAD indication in refractory BHF or high-risk right heart failure post-left ventricular assist device(LVAD)implantation(Class IIa);(3)Right atrial implantation as the preferred surgical approach(Class IIa);(4)Warfarin-based anticoagulation(INR 2.0–2.5)with aspirin,avoiding direct oral anticoagulants(DOACs)(Class III).The guidance addresses critical gaps in patient selection,pump speed titration,and complication management,positioning integrated BiVAD systems as a promising solution for complex BHF.
