Changshu Textile Machinery Works Co.,Ltd.was founded in 1958 and is a professional R&D and manufacturing enterprise of looms shedding device in China.The company's products cover three series of shedding devic...Changshu Textile Machinery Works Co.,Ltd.was founded in 1958 and is a professional R&D and manufacturing enterprise of looms shedding device in China.The company's products cover three series of shedding devices for looms(Dobby,Jacquard,Cam Motion),forming a series of products with electronic shedding devices as the main products,and mechanical shedding devices as the auxiliary products.D2876pro electronic dobby The D2876pro electronic dobby is a high-performance equipment designed for a maximum operating speed of 800rpm.It has 16 cams,and 12mm of pitch,with a high installation type.The shedding type is double lift and full clear open.Its maximum wefts is 12,800 and 100,000.It has a two-stage filtration lubrication with a gerotor pump oil recycle system,and it is suitable for water-jet looms.展开更多
In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence has driven the widespread deployment of visual systems in complex environments such as autonomous driving,security surveillance,and medical diagnosis.Ho...In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence has driven the widespread deployment of visual systems in complex environments such as autonomous driving,security surveillance,and medical diagnosis.However,existing image sensors—such as CMOS and CCD devices—intrinsically suffer from the limitation of fixed spectral response.Especially in environments with strong glare,haze,or dust,external spectral conditions often severely mismatch the device's design range,leading to significant degradation in image quality and a sharp drop in target recognition accuracy.While algorithmic post-processing(such as color bias correction or background suppression)can mitigate these issues,algorithm approaches typically introduce computational latency and increased energy consumption,making them unsuitable for edge computing or high-speed scenarios.展开更多
We are delighted to introduce this Special Issue of Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)dedicated to"Thermoelectric Materials and Devices."Thermoelectric materials and devices have emerged as a promisin...We are delighted to introduce this Special Issue of Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)dedicated to"Thermoelectric Materials and Devices."Thermoelectric materials and devices have emerged as a promising technology for sustainable energy solutions,enabling efficient conversion between heat and electricity.This special collection highlights the latest advancements in the field,showcasing cutting-edge research and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers worldwide.展开更多
In recent years,as the dimensions of the conventional semiconductor technology is approaching the physical limits,while the multifunction circuits are restricted by the relatively fixed characteristics of the traditio...In recent years,as the dimensions of the conventional semiconductor technology is approaching the physical limits,while the multifunction circuits are restricted by the relatively fixed characteristics of the traditional metal−oxide−semiconductor field-effect transistors,reconfigurable devices that can realize reconfigurable characteristics and multiple functions at device level have been seen as a promising method to improve integration density and reduce power consumption.Owing to the ultrathin structure,effective control of the electronic characteristics and ability to modulate structural defects,two-dimensional(2D)materials have been widely used to fabricate reconfigurable devices.In this review,we summarize the working principles and related logic applications of reconfigurable devices based on 2D materials,including generating tunable anti-ambipolar responses and demonstrating nonvolatile operations.Furthermore,we discuss the analog signal processing applications of anti-ambipolar transistors and the artificial intelligence hardware implementations based on reconfigurable transistors and memristors,respectively,therefore highlighting the outstanding advantages of reconfigurable devices in footprint,energy consumption and performance.Finally,we discuss the challenges of the 2D materials-based reconfigurable devices.展开更多
To address the increasing demand for massive data storage and processing,brain-inspired neuromorphic comput-ing systems based on artificial synaptic devices have been actively developed in recent years.Among the vario...To address the increasing demand for massive data storage and processing,brain-inspired neuromorphic comput-ing systems based on artificial synaptic devices have been actively developed in recent years.Among the various materials inves-tigated for the fabrication of synaptic devices,silicon carbide(SiC)has emerged as a preferred choices due to its high electron mobility,superior thermal conductivity,and excellent thermal stability,which exhibits promising potential for neuromorphic applications in harsh environments.In this review,the recent progress in SiC-based synaptic devices is summarized.Firstly,an in-depth discussion is conducted regarding the categories,working mechanisms,and structural designs of these devices.Subse-quently,several application scenarios for SiC-based synaptic devices are presented.Finally,a few perspectives and directions for their future development are outlined.展开更多
Rapid industrialization advancements have grabbed worldwide attention to integrate a very large number of electronic components into a smaller space for performing multifunctional operations.To fulfill the growing com...Rapid industrialization advancements have grabbed worldwide attention to integrate a very large number of electronic components into a smaller space for performing multifunctional operations.To fulfill the growing computing demand state-of-the-art materials are required for substituting traditional silicon and metal oxide semiconductors frameworks.Two-dimensional(2D)materials have shown their tremendous potential surpassing the limitations of conventional materials for developing smart devices.Despite their ground-breaking progress over the last two decades,systematic studies providing in-depth insights into the exciting physics of 2D materials are still lacking.Therefore,in this review,we discuss the importance of 2D materials in bridging the gap between conventional and advanced technologies due to their distinct statistical and quantum physics.Moreover,the inherent properties of these materials could easily be tailored to meet the specific requirements of smart devices.Hence,we discuss the physics of various 2D materials enabling them to fabricate smart devices.We also shed light on promising opportunities in developing smart devices and identified the formidable challenges that need to be addressed.展开更多
Point-of-care testing(POCT)refers to a category of diagnostic tests that are performed at or near to the site of the patients(also called bedside testing)and is capable of obtaining accurate results in a short time by...Point-of-care testing(POCT)refers to a category of diagnostic tests that are performed at or near to the site of the patients(also called bedside testing)and is capable of obtaining accurate results in a short time by using portable diagnostic devices,avoiding sending samples to the medical laboratories.It has been extensively explored for diagnosing and monitoring patients’diseases and health conditions with the assistance of development in biochemistry and microfluidics.Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices(μPADs)have gained dramatic popularity in POCT because of their simplicity,user-friendly,fast and accurate result reading and low cost.SeveralμPADs have been successfully commercialized and received excellent feedback during the past several decades.This review briefly discusses the main types ofμPADs,preparation methods and their detection principles,followed by a few representative examples.The future perspectives of the development inμPADs are also provided.展开更多
Spike-based neural networks,which use spikes or action potentialsto represent information,have gained a lot of attention because of their high energyefficiency and low power consumption.To fully leverage its advantage...Spike-based neural networks,which use spikes or action potentialsto represent information,have gained a lot of attention because of their high energyefficiency and low power consumption.To fully leverage its advantages,convertingthe external analog signals to spikes is an essential prerequisite.Conventionalapproaches including analog-to-digital converters or ring oscillators,and sensorssuffer from high power and area costs.Recent efforts are devoted to constructingartificial sensory neurons based on emerging devices inspired by the biologicalsensory system.They can simultaneously perform sensing and spike conversion,overcoming the deficiencies of traditional sensory systems.This review summarizesand benchmarks the recent progress of artificial sensory neurons.It starts with thepresentation of various mechanisms of biological signal transduction,followed bythe systematic introduction of the emerging devices employed for artificial sensoryneurons.Furthermore,the implementations with different perceptual capabilitiesare briefly outlined and the key metrics and potential applications are also provided.Finally,we highlight the challenges and perspectives for the future development of artificial sensory neurons.展开更多
Flexible sensors,a class of devices that can convert external mechanical or physical signals into changes in resistance,capacitance,or current,have developed rapidly since the concept was first proposed.Due to the spe...Flexible sensors,a class of devices that can convert external mechanical or physical signals into changes in resistance,capacitance,or current,have developed rapidly since the concept was first proposed.Due to the special properties and naturally occurring excellent microstructures of biomaterials,it can provide more desirable properties to flexible devices.This paper systematically discusses the commonly used biomaterials for bio-based flexible devices in current research applications and their deployment in preparing flexible sensors with different mechanisms.According to the characteristics of other properties and application requirements of biomaterials,the mechanisms of their functional group properties,special microstructures,and bonding interactions in the context of various sensing applications are presented in detail.The practical application scenarios of biomaterial-based flexible devices are highlighted,including human-computer interactions,energy harvesting,wound healing,and related biomedical applications.Finally,this paper also reviews in detail the limitations of biobased materials in the construction of flexible devices and presents challenges and trends in the development of biobased flexible sensors,as well as to better explore the properties of biomaterials to ensure functional synergy within the composite materials.展开更多
Neuromorphic computing extends beyond sequential processing modalities and outperforms traditional von Neumann architectures in implementing more complicated tasks,e.g.,pattern processing,image recognition,and decisio...Neuromorphic computing extends beyond sequential processing modalities and outperforms traditional von Neumann architectures in implementing more complicated tasks,e.g.,pattern processing,image recognition,and decision making.It features parallel interconnected neural networks,high fault tolerance,robustness,autonomous learning capability,and ultralow energy dissipation.The algorithms of artificial neural network(ANN)have also been widely used because of their facile self-organization and self-learning capabilities,which mimic those of the human brain.To some extent,ANN reflects several basic functions of the human brain and can be efficiently integrated into neuromorphic devices to perform neuromorphic computations.This review highlights recent advances in neuromorphic devices assisted by machine learning algorithms.First,the basic structure of simple neuron models inspired by biological neurons and the information processing in simple neural networks are particularly discussed.Second,the fabrication and research progress of neuromorphic devices are presented regarding to materials and structures.Furthermore,the fabrication of neuromorphic devices,including stand-alone neuromorphic devices,neuromorphic device arrays,and integrated neuromorphic systems,is discussed and demonstrated with reference to some respective studies.The applications of neuromorphic devices assisted by machine learning algorithms in different fields are categorized and investigated.Finally,perspectives,suggestions,and potential solutions to the current challenges of neuromorphic devices are provided.展开更多
The rapid advancement of modern electronics has led to a surge in solid electronic waste,which poses significant environmental and health challenges.This review focuses on recent developments in paper-based electronic...The rapid advancement of modern electronics has led to a surge in solid electronic waste,which poses significant environmental and health challenges.This review focuses on recent developments in paper-based electronic devices fabricated through low-cost,hand-printing techniques,with particular emphasis on their applications in energy harvesting,storage,and sensing.Unlike conventional plastic-based substrates,cellulose paper offers several advantages,including biodegradability,recyclability,and low fabrication cost.By integrating functional nanomaterials such as two-dimensional chalcogenides,metal oxides,conductive polymers,and carbon-based structures onto paper,researchers have achieved high-performance devices such as broadband photodetectors(responsivity up to 52 mA/W),supercapacitors(energy density~15.1 mWh/cm^(2)),and pressure sensors(sensitivity~18.42 kPa^(-1)).The hand-printing approach,which eliminates the need for sophisticated equipment and toxic solvents,offers a promising route for scalable,sustainable,and disposable electronics.This review outlines fabrication methods and key performance metrics,and discusses the current challenges and future directions for realizing robust,flexible devices aligned with green technology and the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals.展开更多
Neuromorphic devices,inspired by the intricate architecture of the human brain,have garnered recognition for their prodigious computational speed and sophisticated parallel computing capabilities.Vision,the primary mo...Neuromorphic devices,inspired by the intricate architecture of the human brain,have garnered recognition for their prodigious computational speed and sophisticated parallel computing capabilities.Vision,the primary mode of external information acquisition in living organisms,has garnered substantial scholarly interest.Notwithstanding numerous studies simulating the retina through optical synapses,their applications remain circumscribed to single-mode perception.Moreover,the pivotal role of temperature,a fundamental regulator of biological activities,has regrettably been relegated to the periphery.To address these limitations,we proffer a neuromorphic device endowed with multimodal perception,grounded in the principles of light-modulated semiconductors.This device seamlessly accomplishes dynamic hybrid visual and thermal multimodal perception,featuring temperature-dependent paired pulse facilitation properties and adaptive storage.Crucially,our meticulous examination of transfer curves,capacitance–voltage(C–V)tests,and noise measurements provides insights into interface and bulk defects,elucidating the physical mechanisms underlying adaptive storage and other functionalities.Additionally,the device demonstrates a variety of synaptic functionalities,including filtering properties,Ebbinghaus curves,and memory applications in image recognition.Surprisingly,the digital recognition rate achieves a remarkable value of 98.8%.展开更多
TriboElectric NanoGenerators(TENGs),introduced in 2012 by Wang et al.,have revolutionized the way we harvest energy,converting mechanical energy into electrical power with remarkable efficiency.Since their inception,T...TriboElectric NanoGenerators(TENGs),introduced in 2012 by Wang et al.,have revolutionized the way we harvest energy,converting mechanical energy into electrical power with remarkable efficiency.Since their inception,TENGs have unlocked innumerable applications,driving a surge in innovative research and development.This study utilizes the Scopus database to conduct a bibliographic analysis,highlighting the diverse applications,influential authors,and citation patterns that define the TENG landscape.Through the use of MATLAB and VOSviewer,we provide a visually compelling analysis that not only shows the integration of artificial intelligence in scientific literature but also explores the challenges and future potential of TENG technology.The document concludes by discussing TENGs challenges and the promising paths for their future applications.展开更多
Wearable signal analysis is an important technology for monitoring physiological signals without interfering with an individual’s daily behavior.As detecting cardiovascular diseases can dramatically reduce mortality,...Wearable signal analysis is an important technology for monitoring physiological signals without interfering with an individual’s daily behavior.As detecting cardiovascular diseases can dramatically reduce mortality,arrhythmia recognition using ECG signals has attracted much attention.In this paper,we propose a singlechannel convolutional neural network to detect Atrial Fibrillation(AF)based on ECG signals collected by wearable devices.It contains 3 primary modules.All recordings are firstly uniformly sized,normalized,and Butterworth low-pass filtered for noise removal.Then the preprocessed ECG signals are fed into convolutional layers for feature extraction.In the classification module,the preprocessed signals are fed into convolutional layers containing large kernels for feature extraction,and the fully connected layer provides probabilities.During the training process,the output of the previous pooling layer is concatenated with the vectors of the convolutional layer as a new feature map to reduce feature loss.Numerous comparison and ablation experiments are performed on the 2017 PhysioNet/CinC Challenge dataset,demonstrating the superiority of the proposed method.展开更多
Fiber-shaped energy storage devices(FSESDs)with exceptional flexibility for wearable power sources should be applied with solid electrolytes over liquid electrolytes due to short circuits and leakage issue during defo...Fiber-shaped energy storage devices(FSESDs)with exceptional flexibility for wearable power sources should be applied with solid electrolytes over liquid electrolytes due to short circuits and leakage issue during deformation.Among the solid options,polymer electrolytes are particularly preferred due to their robustness and flexibility,although their low ionic conductivity remains a significant challenge.Here,we present a redox polymer electrolyte(HT_RPE)with 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(HT)as a multi-functional additive.HT acts as a plasticizer that transforms the glassy state into the rubbery state for improved chain mobility and provides distinctive ion conduction pathway by the self-exchange reaction between radical and oxidized species.These synergetic effects lead to high ionic conductivity(73.5 mS cm−1)based on a lower activation energy of 0.13 eV than other redox additives.Moreover,HT_RPE with a pseudocapacitive characteristic by HT enables an outstanding electrochemical performance of the symmetric FSESDs using carbon-based fiber electrodes(energy density of 25.4 W h kg^(−1) at a power density of 25,000 W kg^(−1))without typical active materials,along with excellent stability(capacitance retention of 91.2%after 8,000 bending cycles).This work highlights a versatile HT_RPE that utilizes the unique functionality of HT for both the high ionic conductivity and improved energy storage capability,providing a promising pathway for next-generation flexible energy storage devices.展开更多
High-overload shocks are very likely to cause damage to the microstructure of MEMS devices, especially the continuous multiple high-overload shocks generated by the penetration of the multilayer target environment pos...High-overload shocks are very likely to cause damage to the microstructure of MEMS devices, especially the continuous multiple high-overload shocks generated by the penetration of the multilayer target environment pose more stringent challenges to its protective structure. In this study, the kinetic response model of the protective structure under single-pulse and continuous double-pulse impact is established,and a continuous double-pulse high overload impact test impact platform based on the sleeve-type bullet is constructed, and the protective performance of the multi-layer structure under multi-pulse is analyzed based on the acceleration decay ratio, and the results show that the protective performance of the structure has a positive correlation with its thickness, and it is not sensitive to the change of the load of the first impact;the first impact under double-pulse impact will cause damage to the microstructure through the superposition of the second impact. The first impact under double-pulse impact will cause an increase in the overload amplitude of the second impact through superposition;compared with the single-layer structure, the acceleration attenuation ratio of the double-layer structure can be increased by up to 26.13%, among which the epoxy-polyurethane combination has the best protection performance, with an acceleration attenuation ratio of up to 44.68%. This work provides a robust theoretical foundation and experimental basis for the reliable operation of MEMS devices, as well as for the design of protective structures in extreme environments.展开更多
The original online version of this article was revised:In this article,Jianhua Fan and Junqiu Zhang are both corresponding authors.In this article Junqiu Zhang should have been denoted as a corresponding author,as we...The original online version of this article was revised:In this article,Jianhua Fan and Junqiu Zhang are both corresponding authors.In this article Junqiu Zhang should have been denoted as a corresponding author,as well.The original article has been corrected.展开更多
The traditional von Neumann architecture faces inherent limitations due to the separation of memory and computa-tion,leading to high energy consumption,significant latency,and reduced operational efficiency.Neuromorph...The traditional von Neumann architecture faces inherent limitations due to the separation of memory and computa-tion,leading to high energy consumption,significant latency,and reduced operational efficiency.Neuromorphic computing,inspired by the architecture of the human brain,offers a promising alternative by integrating memory and computational func-tions,enabling parallel,high-speed,and energy-efficient information processing.Among various neuromorphic technologies,ion-modulated optoelectronic devices have garnered attention due to their excellent ionic tunability and the availability of multi-dimensional control strategies.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in ion-modulation optoelec-tronic neuromorphic devices.It elucidates the key mechanisms underlying ionic modulation of light fields,including ion migra-tion dynamics and capture and release of charge through ions.Furthermore,the synthesis of active materials and the proper-ties of these devices are analyzed in detail.The review also highlights the application of ion-modulation optoelectronic devices in artificial vision systems,neuromorphic computing,and other bionic fields.Finally,the existing challenges and future direc-tions for the development of optoelectronic neuromorphic devices are discussed,providing critical insights for advancing this promising field.展开更多
Driven by the urgent demands for information technology,energy,and intelligent industry,third-generation semiconductor GaN has emerged as a pivotal component in electronic and optoelectronic devices.Fundamentally,piez...Driven by the urgent demands for information technology,energy,and intelligent industry,third-generation semiconductor GaN has emerged as a pivotal component in electronic and optoelectronic devices.Fundamentally,piezoelectric polarization is the most essential feature of GaN materials.Incorporating piezotronics and piezo-phototronics,GaN materials synergize mechanical signals with electrical and optical signals,thereby achieving multi-field coupling that enhances device performance.Piezotronics regulates the carrier transport process in micro-nano devices,which has been proven to significantly improve the performance of devices(such as high electron mobility transistors and microLEDs)and brings many novel applications.This review examines GaN material properties and the theoretical foundations of piezotronics and phototronics.Furthermore,it delves into the fabrication and integration processes of GaN devices to achieve state-of-the-art performance.Additionally,this review analyzes the impact of introducing three-dimensional stress and regulatory forces on the electrical and optical output performance of devices.Moreover,it discusses the burgeoning applications of GaN devices in neural sensing,optoelectronic output,and energy harvesting.The potential of piezotroniccontrolled GaN devices provides valuable insights for future research and the development of multi-functional,diversified electronic devices.展开更多
Zinc oxide(ZnO),as a broadband gap semiconductor material,exhibits unique physical and chemical properties that make it highly suitable for optoelectronics,piezoelectric devices,and gas-sensitive sensors,showing signi...Zinc oxide(ZnO),as a broadband gap semiconductor material,exhibits unique physical and chemical properties that make it highly suitable for optoelectronics,piezoelectric devices,and gas-sensitive sensors,showing significant potential for various applications.This paper focuses on the regulation and application of ZnO-based p-n junctions and piezoelectric devices.It discusses in detail the preparation of ZnO materials,the construction of p-n junctions,the optimization of piezoelectric device performance,and its application in various fields.By employing different preparation methods and strategies,high-quality ZnO thin films can be grown,and effective control of p-type conductivity achieved.This study provides both a theoretical foundation and technical support for controlling the performance of ZnO-based piezoelectric devices,as well as paving new pathways for the broader application of ZnO materials.展开更多
文摘Changshu Textile Machinery Works Co.,Ltd.was founded in 1958 and is a professional R&D and manufacturing enterprise of looms shedding device in China.The company's products cover three series of shedding devices for looms(Dobby,Jacquard,Cam Motion),forming a series of products with electronic shedding devices as the main products,and mechanical shedding devices as the auxiliary products.D2876pro electronic dobby The D2876pro electronic dobby is a high-performance equipment designed for a maximum operating speed of 800rpm.It has 16 cams,and 12mm of pitch,with a high installation type.The shedding type is double lift and full clear open.Its maximum wefts is 12,800 and 100,000.It has a two-stage filtration lubrication with a gerotor pump oil recycle system,and it is suitable for water-jet looms.
基金supported in part by STI 2030-Major Projects(2022ZD0209200)in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62374099)+2 种基金in part by Beijing Natural Science Foundation−Xiaomi Innovation Joint Fund(L233009)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L248104)in part by Independent Research Program of School of Integrated Circuits,Tsinghua University,in part by Tsinghua University Fuzhou Data Technology Joint Research Institute.
文摘In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence has driven the widespread deployment of visual systems in complex environments such as autonomous driving,security surveillance,and medical diagnosis.However,existing image sensors—such as CMOS and CCD devices—intrinsically suffer from the limitation of fixed spectral response.Especially in environments with strong glare,haze,or dust,external spectral conditions often severely mismatch the device's design range,leading to significant degradation in image quality and a sharp drop in target recognition accuracy.While algorithmic post-processing(such as color bias correction or background suppression)can mitigate these issues,algorithm approaches typically introduce computational latency and increased energy consumption,making them unsuitable for edge computing or high-speed scenarios.
文摘We are delighted to introduce this Special Issue of Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)dedicated to"Thermoelectric Materials and Devices."Thermoelectric materials and devices have emerged as a promising technology for sustainable energy solutions,enabling efficient conversion between heat and electricity.This special collection highlights the latest advancements in the field,showcasing cutting-edge research and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers worldwide.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant nos.2024YFA1409700 and 2023YFA1407000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.62374158).
文摘In recent years,as the dimensions of the conventional semiconductor technology is approaching the physical limits,while the multifunction circuits are restricted by the relatively fixed characteristics of the traditional metal−oxide−semiconductor field-effect transistors,reconfigurable devices that can realize reconfigurable characteristics and multiple functions at device level have been seen as a promising method to improve integration density and reduce power consumption.Owing to the ultrathin structure,effective control of the electronic characteristics and ability to modulate structural defects,two-dimensional(2D)materials have been widely used to fabricate reconfigurable devices.In this review,we summarize the working principles and related logic applications of reconfigurable devices based on 2D materials,including generating tunable anti-ambipolar responses and demonstrating nonvolatile operations.Furthermore,we discuss the analog signal processing applications of anti-ambipolar transistors and the artificial intelligence hardware implementations based on reconfigurable transistors and memristors,respectively,therefore highlighting the outstanding advantages of reconfigurable devices in footprint,energy consumption and performance.Finally,we discuss the challenges of the 2D materials-based reconfigurable devices.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LQ24F040007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22A2075)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(Sichuan University)(Grant No.sklpme2024-1-21).
文摘To address the increasing demand for massive data storage and processing,brain-inspired neuromorphic comput-ing systems based on artificial synaptic devices have been actively developed in recent years.Among the various materials inves-tigated for the fabrication of synaptic devices,silicon carbide(SiC)has emerged as a preferred choices due to its high electron mobility,superior thermal conductivity,and excellent thermal stability,which exhibits promising potential for neuromorphic applications in harsh environments.In this review,the recent progress in SiC-based synaptic devices is summarized.Firstly,an in-depth discussion is conducted regarding the categories,working mechanisms,and structural designs of these devices.Subse-quently,several application scenarios for SiC-based synaptic devices are presented.Finally,a few perspectives and directions for their future development are outlined.
文摘Rapid industrialization advancements have grabbed worldwide attention to integrate a very large number of electronic components into a smaller space for performing multifunctional operations.To fulfill the growing computing demand state-of-the-art materials are required for substituting traditional silicon and metal oxide semiconductors frameworks.Two-dimensional(2D)materials have shown their tremendous potential surpassing the limitations of conventional materials for developing smart devices.Despite their ground-breaking progress over the last two decades,systematic studies providing in-depth insights into the exciting physics of 2D materials are still lacking.Therefore,in this review,we discuss the importance of 2D materials in bridging the gap between conventional and advanced technologies due to their distinct statistical and quantum physics.Moreover,the inherent properties of these materials could easily be tailored to meet the specific requirements of smart devices.Hence,we discuss the physics of various 2D materials enabling them to fabricate smart devices.We also shed light on promising opportunities in developing smart devices and identified the formidable challenges that need to be addressed.
文摘Point-of-care testing(POCT)refers to a category of diagnostic tests that are performed at or near to the site of the patients(also called bedside testing)and is capable of obtaining accurate results in a short time by using portable diagnostic devices,avoiding sending samples to the medical laboratories.It has been extensively explored for diagnosing and monitoring patients’diseases and health conditions with the assistance of development in biochemistry and microfluidics.Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices(μPADs)have gained dramatic popularity in POCT because of their simplicity,user-friendly,fast and accurate result reading and low cost.SeveralμPADs have been successfully commercialized and received excellent feedback during the past several decades.This review briefly discusses the main types ofμPADs,preparation methods and their detection principles,followed by a few representative examples.The future perspectives of the development inμPADs are also provided.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grants No.2021B0909060002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.62204219,62204140)Major Program of Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grants No.LDT23F0401).
文摘Spike-based neural networks,which use spikes or action potentialsto represent information,have gained a lot of attention because of their high energyefficiency and low power consumption.To fully leverage its advantages,convertingthe external analog signals to spikes is an essential prerequisite.Conventionalapproaches including analog-to-digital converters or ring oscillators,and sensorssuffer from high power and area costs.Recent efforts are devoted to constructingartificial sensory neurons based on emerging devices inspired by the biologicalsensory system.They can simultaneously perform sensing and spike conversion,overcoming the deficiencies of traditional sensory systems.This review summarizesand benchmarks the recent progress of artificial sensory neurons.It starts with thepresentation of various mechanisms of biological signal transduction,followed bythe systematic introduction of the emerging devices employed for artificial sensoryneurons.Furthermore,the implementations with different perceptual capabilitiesare briefly outlined and the key metrics and potential applications are also provided.Finally,we highlight the challenges and perspectives for the future development of artificial sensory neurons.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52205308,22208120)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711300).
文摘Flexible sensors,a class of devices that can convert external mechanical or physical signals into changes in resistance,capacitance,or current,have developed rapidly since the concept was first proposed.Due to the special properties and naturally occurring excellent microstructures of biomaterials,it can provide more desirable properties to flexible devices.This paper systematically discusses the commonly used biomaterials for bio-based flexible devices in current research applications and their deployment in preparing flexible sensors with different mechanisms.According to the characteristics of other properties and application requirements of biomaterials,the mechanisms of their functional group properties,special microstructures,and bonding interactions in the context of various sensing applications are presented in detail.The practical application scenarios of biomaterial-based flexible devices are highlighted,including human-computer interactions,energy harvesting,wound healing,and related biomedical applications.Finally,this paper also reviews in detail the limitations of biobased materials in the construction of flexible devices and presents challenges and trends in the development of biobased flexible sensors,as well as to better explore the properties of biomaterials to ensure functional synergy within the composite materials.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52073031)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFB3208102,2021YFB3200304)+4 种基金the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX2021302)the Beijing Nova Program(Nos.Z191100001119047,Z211100002121148)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.E0EG6801X2)the‘Hundred Talents Program’of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe BrainLink program funded by the MSIT through the NRF of Korea(No.RS-2023-00237308).
文摘Neuromorphic computing extends beyond sequential processing modalities and outperforms traditional von Neumann architectures in implementing more complicated tasks,e.g.,pattern processing,image recognition,and decision making.It features parallel interconnected neural networks,high fault tolerance,robustness,autonomous learning capability,and ultralow energy dissipation.The algorithms of artificial neural network(ANN)have also been widely used because of their facile self-organization and self-learning capabilities,which mimic those of the human brain.To some extent,ANN reflects several basic functions of the human brain and can be efficiently integrated into neuromorphic devices to perform neuromorphic computations.This review highlights recent advances in neuromorphic devices assisted by machine learning algorithms.First,the basic structure of simple neuron models inspired by biological neurons and the information processing in simple neural networks are particularly discussed.Second,the fabrication and research progress of neuromorphic devices are presented regarding to materials and structures.Furthermore,the fabrication of neuromorphic devices,including stand-alone neuromorphic devices,neuromorphic device arrays,and integrated neuromorphic systems,is discussed and demonstrated with reference to some respective studies.The applications of neuromorphic devices assisted by machine learning algorithms in different fields are categorized and investigated.Finally,perspectives,suggestions,and potential solutions to the current challenges of neuromorphic devices are provided.
基金The Consortium for Scientific Research,Indore(CSR,Indore)(No.CRS/2021-22/01/426)is acknowledged by the authorsFor the research facilities,the authors are grateful to CHARUSAT University.
文摘The rapid advancement of modern electronics has led to a surge in solid electronic waste,which poses significant environmental and health challenges.This review focuses on recent developments in paper-based electronic devices fabricated through low-cost,hand-printing techniques,with particular emphasis on their applications in energy harvesting,storage,and sensing.Unlike conventional plastic-based substrates,cellulose paper offers several advantages,including biodegradability,recyclability,and low fabrication cost.By integrating functional nanomaterials such as two-dimensional chalcogenides,metal oxides,conductive polymers,and carbon-based structures onto paper,researchers have achieved high-performance devices such as broadband photodetectors(responsivity up to 52 mA/W),supercapacitors(energy density~15.1 mWh/cm^(2)),and pressure sensors(sensitivity~18.42 kPa^(-1)).The hand-printing approach,which eliminates the need for sophisticated equipment and toxic solvents,offers a promising route for scalable,sustainable,and disposable electronics.This review outlines fabrication methods and key performance metrics,and discusses the current challenges and future directions for realizing robust,flexible devices aligned with green technology and the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals.
基金the financial support given by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52227808,62202285)the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(51725505)+1 种基金the Development Fund for Shanghai Talents(No.2021003)Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Perception Chip Technology。
文摘Neuromorphic devices,inspired by the intricate architecture of the human brain,have garnered recognition for their prodigious computational speed and sophisticated parallel computing capabilities.Vision,the primary mode of external information acquisition in living organisms,has garnered substantial scholarly interest.Notwithstanding numerous studies simulating the retina through optical synapses,their applications remain circumscribed to single-mode perception.Moreover,the pivotal role of temperature,a fundamental regulator of biological activities,has regrettably been relegated to the periphery.To address these limitations,we proffer a neuromorphic device endowed with multimodal perception,grounded in the principles of light-modulated semiconductors.This device seamlessly accomplishes dynamic hybrid visual and thermal multimodal perception,featuring temperature-dependent paired pulse facilitation properties and adaptive storage.Crucially,our meticulous examination of transfer curves,capacitance–voltage(C–V)tests,and noise measurements provides insights into interface and bulk defects,elucidating the physical mechanisms underlying adaptive storage and other functionalities.Additionally,the device demonstrates a variety of synaptic functionalities,including filtering properties,Ebbinghaus curves,and memory applications in image recognition.Surprisingly,the digital recognition rate achieves a remarkable value of 98.8%.
基金supported by the government of the Republic of Korea(MSIT)and the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea(2022R1A2C1003900,2023K2A9A 1A01098512(FY2023)).
文摘TriboElectric NanoGenerators(TENGs),introduced in 2012 by Wang et al.,have revolutionized the way we harvest energy,converting mechanical energy into electrical power with remarkable efficiency.Since their inception,TENGs have unlocked innumerable applications,driving a surge in innovative research and development.This study utilizes the Scopus database to conduct a bibliographic analysis,highlighting the diverse applications,influential authors,and citation patterns that define the TENG landscape.Through the use of MATLAB and VOSviewer,we provide a visually compelling analysis that not only shows the integration of artificial intelligence in scientific literature but also explores the challenges and future potential of TENG technology.The document concludes by discussing TENGs challenges and the promising paths for their future applications.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62171114)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT22RC(3)099)Xiaomi Young Talents Program.
文摘Wearable signal analysis is an important technology for monitoring physiological signals without interfering with an individual’s daily behavior.As detecting cardiovascular diseases can dramatically reduce mortality,arrhythmia recognition using ECG signals has attracted much attention.In this paper,we propose a singlechannel convolutional neural network to detect Atrial Fibrillation(AF)based on ECG signals collected by wearable devices.It contains 3 primary modules.All recordings are firstly uniformly sized,normalized,and Butterworth low-pass filtered for noise removal.Then the preprocessed ECG signals are fed into convolutional layers for feature extraction.In the classification module,the preprocessed signals are fed into convolutional layers containing large kernels for feature extraction,and the fully connected layer provides probabilities.During the training process,the output of the previous pooling layer is concatenated with the vectors of the convolutional layer as a new feature map to reduce feature loss.Numerous comparison and ablation experiments are performed on the 2017 PhysioNet/CinC Challenge dataset,demonstrating the superiority of the proposed method.
基金supported by Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Institutional Program and Open Research Program(ORP)This work was also supported by grant from the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea government(RS-2024-00433159 and RS-2023-00208313)from ITECH R&D program of MOTIE/KEIT(RS-2023-00257573).
文摘Fiber-shaped energy storage devices(FSESDs)with exceptional flexibility for wearable power sources should be applied with solid electrolytes over liquid electrolytes due to short circuits and leakage issue during deformation.Among the solid options,polymer electrolytes are particularly preferred due to their robustness and flexibility,although their low ionic conductivity remains a significant challenge.Here,we present a redox polymer electrolyte(HT_RPE)with 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(HT)as a multi-functional additive.HT acts as a plasticizer that transforms the glassy state into the rubbery state for improved chain mobility and provides distinctive ion conduction pathway by the self-exchange reaction between radical and oxidized species.These synergetic effects lead to high ionic conductivity(73.5 mS cm−1)based on a lower activation energy of 0.13 eV than other redox additives.Moreover,HT_RPE with a pseudocapacitive characteristic by HT enables an outstanding electrochemical performance of the symmetric FSESDs using carbon-based fiber electrodes(energy density of 25.4 W h kg^(−1) at a power density of 25,000 W kg^(−1))without typical active materials,along with excellent stability(capacitance retention of 91.2%after 8,000 bending cycles).This work highlights a versatile HT_RPE that utilizes the unique functionality of HT for both the high ionic conductivity and improved energy storage capability,providing a promising pathway for next-generation flexible energy storage devices.
基金supported by Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52375553)。
文摘High-overload shocks are very likely to cause damage to the microstructure of MEMS devices, especially the continuous multiple high-overload shocks generated by the penetration of the multilayer target environment pose more stringent challenges to its protective structure. In this study, the kinetic response model of the protective structure under single-pulse and continuous double-pulse impact is established,and a continuous double-pulse high overload impact test impact platform based on the sleeve-type bullet is constructed, and the protective performance of the multi-layer structure under multi-pulse is analyzed based on the acceleration decay ratio, and the results show that the protective performance of the structure has a positive correlation with its thickness, and it is not sensitive to the change of the load of the first impact;the first impact under double-pulse impact will cause damage to the microstructure through the superposition of the second impact. The first impact under double-pulse impact will cause an increase in the overload amplitude of the second impact through superposition;compared with the single-layer structure, the acceleration attenuation ratio of the double-layer structure can be increased by up to 26.13%, among which the epoxy-polyurethane combination has the best protection performance, with an acceleration attenuation ratio of up to 44.68%. This work provides a robust theoretical foundation and experimental basis for the reliable operation of MEMS devices, as well as for the design of protective structures in extreme environments.
文摘The original online version of this article was revised:In this article,Jianhua Fan and Junqiu Zhang are both corresponding authors.In this article Junqiu Zhang should have been denoted as a corresponding author,as well.The original article has been corrected.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62174164,U23A20568,and U22A2075)National Key Research and Development Project(2021YFA1202600)+2 种基金Talent Plan of Shanghai Branch,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CASSHB-QNPD-2023-022)Ningbo Technology Project(2022A-007-C)Ningbo Key Research and Development Project(2023Z021).
文摘The traditional von Neumann architecture faces inherent limitations due to the separation of memory and computa-tion,leading to high energy consumption,significant latency,and reduced operational efficiency.Neuromorphic computing,inspired by the architecture of the human brain,offers a promising alternative by integrating memory and computational func-tions,enabling parallel,high-speed,and energy-efficient information processing.Among various neuromorphic technologies,ion-modulated optoelectronic devices have garnered attention due to their excellent ionic tunability and the availability of multi-dimensional control strategies.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in ion-modulation optoelec-tronic neuromorphic devices.It elucidates the key mechanisms underlying ionic modulation of light fields,including ion migra-tion dynamics and capture and release of charge through ions.Furthermore,the synthesis of active materials and the proper-ties of these devices are analyzed in detail.The review also highlights the application of ion-modulation optoelectronic devices in artificial vision systems,neuromorphic computing,and other bionic fields.Finally,the existing challenges and future direc-tions for the development of optoelectronic neuromorphic devices are discussed,providing critical insights for advancing this promising field.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52173298,52192611 and 61904012)the National Key R&D Project from Minister of Science and Technology(2021YFA1201603)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z230024)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Driven by the urgent demands for information technology,energy,and intelligent industry,third-generation semiconductor GaN has emerged as a pivotal component in electronic and optoelectronic devices.Fundamentally,piezoelectric polarization is the most essential feature of GaN materials.Incorporating piezotronics and piezo-phototronics,GaN materials synergize mechanical signals with electrical and optical signals,thereby achieving multi-field coupling that enhances device performance.Piezotronics regulates the carrier transport process in micro-nano devices,which has been proven to significantly improve the performance of devices(such as high electron mobility transistors and microLEDs)and brings many novel applications.This review examines GaN material properties and the theoretical foundations of piezotronics and phototronics.Furthermore,it delves into the fabrication and integration processes of GaN devices to achieve state-of-the-art performance.Additionally,this review analyzes the impact of introducing three-dimensional stress and regulatory forces on the electrical and optical output performance of devices.Moreover,it discusses the burgeoning applications of GaN devices in neural sensing,optoelectronic output,and energy harvesting.The potential of piezotroniccontrolled GaN devices provides valuable insights for future research and the development of multi-functional,diversified electronic devices.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Project No.2023A1515012352)。
文摘Zinc oxide(ZnO),as a broadband gap semiconductor material,exhibits unique physical and chemical properties that make it highly suitable for optoelectronics,piezoelectric devices,and gas-sensitive sensors,showing significant potential for various applications.This paper focuses on the regulation and application of ZnO-based p-n junctions and piezoelectric devices.It discusses in detail the preparation of ZnO materials,the construction of p-n junctions,the optimization of piezoelectric device performance,and its application in various fields.By employing different preparation methods and strategies,high-quality ZnO thin films can be grown,and effective control of p-type conductivity achieved.This study provides both a theoretical foundation and technical support for controlling the performance of ZnO-based piezoelectric devices,as well as paving new pathways for the broader application of ZnO materials.
