Characterization of soil hydraulic properties is important to environment management; however, it is well recognized that it is laborious, time-consuming and expensive to directly measure soil hydraulic properties. Th...Characterization of soil hydraulic properties is important to environment management; however, it is well recognized that it is laborious, time-consuming and expensive to directly measure soil hydraulic properties. This paper reviews the development of pedotransfer functions （PTFs） used as an alternative tool to estimate soil hydraulic properties during the last two decades. Modern soil survey techniques like satellite imagery/remote sensing has been used in developing PTFs. Compared to mechanistic approaches, empirical relationships between physical properties and hydraulic properties have received wide preference for predicting soil hydraulic properties. Many PTFs based on different parametric functions can be found in the literature. A number of researchers have pursued a universal function that can describe water retention characteristics of all types of soils, but no single function can be termed generic though van Cenuchten （VG） function has been the most widely adopted. Most of the reported parametric PTFs focus on estimation of VG parameters to obtain water retention curve （WRC）. A number of physical, morphological and chemical properties have been used as predictor variables in PTFs. Conventionally, regression algorithms/techniques （statistical/neurM regression） have been used for calibrating PTFs. However, there are reports of utilizing data mining techniques, e.g., pattern recognition and genetic algorithm. It is inferred that it is critical to refine the data used for calibration to improve the accuracy and reliability of the PTFs. Many statistical indices, including root mean square error （RMSE）, index of agreement （d）, maximum absolute error （ME）, mean absolute error （MAE）, coefficient of determination （r2） and correlation coefficient （r）, have been used by different researchers to evaluate and validate PTFs. It is argued that being location specific, research interest in PTFs will continue till generic PTFs are developed and validated. In future studies, improved methods will be required to extract information from the existing database.展开更多
Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum)is an important crop and serves as a significant source of protein and calories for humans,worldwide.Nevertheless,its large and allopolyploid genome poses constraints on genetic improveme...Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum)is an important crop and serves as a significant source of protein and calories for humans,worldwide.Nevertheless,its large and allopolyploid genome poses constraints on genetic improvement.The complex reticulate evolutionary history and the intricacy of genomic resources make the deciphering of the functional genome considerably more challenging.Recently,we have developed a comprehensive list of versatile computational tools with the integration of statistical models for dissecting the polyploid wheat genome.Here,we summarize the methodological innovations and applications of these tools and databases.A series of step-by-step examples illustrates how these tools can be utilized for dissecting wheat germplasm resources and unveiling functional genes associated with important agronomic traits.Furthermore,we outline future perspectives on new advanced tools and databases,taking into consideration the unique features of bread wheat,to accelerate genomic-assisted wheat breeding.展开更多
The major functions of an engineering-practical expert system(ESW) and the main features of an expert system development tool(QHWEST) for arc welding procedure are introduced. A brief description is given for the deve...The major functions of an engineering-practical expert system(ESW) and the main features of an expert system development tool(QHWEST) for arc welding procedure are introduced. A brief description is given for the development background, process and principal techniques of the two software systems.展开更多
In order to carry out the different network question meaning the research to like the protocol interaction,the network dynamics' function,the measurable quantity waits for it is the necessary delivery is including...In order to carry out the different network question meaning the research to like the protocol interaction,the network dynamics' function,the measurable quantity waits for it is the necessary delivery is including.Thus,the network simulation may use in showing or quite interesting network performance and so on.Part two aim is provides the type of development tool,including consider such as cost,ease to use and limitations of software packages.The report is to meets the system specification requirement immediately the available component.展开更多
文摘Characterization of soil hydraulic properties is important to environment management; however, it is well recognized that it is laborious, time-consuming and expensive to directly measure soil hydraulic properties. This paper reviews the development of pedotransfer functions （PTFs） used as an alternative tool to estimate soil hydraulic properties during the last two decades. Modern soil survey techniques like satellite imagery/remote sensing has been used in developing PTFs. Compared to mechanistic approaches, empirical relationships between physical properties and hydraulic properties have received wide preference for predicting soil hydraulic properties. Many PTFs based on different parametric functions can be found in the literature. A number of researchers have pursued a universal function that can describe water retention characteristics of all types of soils, but no single function can be termed generic though van Cenuchten （VG） function has been the most widely adopted. Most of the reported parametric PTFs focus on estimation of VG parameters to obtain water retention curve （WRC）. A number of physical, morphological and chemical properties have been used as predictor variables in PTFs. Conventionally, regression algorithms/techniques （statistical/neurM regression） have been used for calibrating PTFs. However, there are reports of utilizing data mining techniques, e.g., pattern recognition and genetic algorithm. It is inferred that it is critical to refine the data used for calibration to improve the accuracy and reliability of the PTFs. Many statistical indices, including root mean square error （RMSE）, index of agreement （d）, maximum absolute error （ME）, mean absolute error （MAE）, coefficient of determination （r2） and correlation coefficient （r）, have been used by different researchers to evaluate and validate PTFs. It is argued that being location specific, research interest in PTFs will continue till generic PTFs are developed and validated. In future studies, improved methods will be required to extract information from the existing database.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32322059 and 32272124)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M733807)+2 种基金Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (2022TC152)Pinduoduo-China Agricultural University Research Fund (PC2023B01016)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum)is an important crop and serves as a significant source of protein and calories for humans,worldwide.Nevertheless,its large and allopolyploid genome poses constraints on genetic improvement.The complex reticulate evolutionary history and the intricacy of genomic resources make the deciphering of the functional genome considerably more challenging.Recently,we have developed a comprehensive list of versatile computational tools with the integration of statistical models for dissecting the polyploid wheat genome.Here,we summarize the methodological innovations and applications of these tools and databases.A series of step-by-step examples illustrates how these tools can be utilized for dissecting wheat germplasm resources and unveiling functional genes associated with important agronomic traits.Furthermore,we outline future perspectives on new advanced tools and databases,taking into consideration the unique features of bread wheat,to accelerate genomic-assisted wheat breeding.
文摘The major functions of an engineering-practical expert system(ESW) and the main features of an expert system development tool(QHWEST) for arc welding procedure are introduced. A brief description is given for the development background, process and principal techniques of the two software systems.
文摘In order to carry out the different network question meaning the research to like the protocol interaction,the network dynamics' function,the measurable quantity waits for it is the necessary delivery is including.Thus,the network simulation may use in showing or quite interesting network performance and so on.Part two aim is provides the type of development tool,including consider such as cost,ease to use and limitations of software packages.The report is to meets the system specification requirement immediately the available component.
